CN1292273C - 2 x 2 waveguide optical switch with wavelength selectivity - Google Patents
2 x 2 waveguide optical switch with wavelength selectivity Download PDFInfo
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- CN1292273C CN1292273C CN 200510023856 CN200510023856A CN1292273C CN 1292273 C CN1292273 C CN 1292273C CN 200510023856 CN200510023856 CN 200510023856 CN 200510023856 A CN200510023856 A CN 200510023856A CN 1292273 C CN1292273 C CN 1292273C
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- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
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Abstract
A2 x 2 waveguide optical switch with wavelength selectivity comprises a first input port, a second input port, a first output port and a second output port, wherein a Mach-Zehnder interferometer is arranged among the first input port, the second input port, the first output port and the second output port, a first waveguide optical coupler is arranged at the nodes of the first input port, the second input port, the first arm and the second arm of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer, a second waveguide optical coupler is arranged at the nodes of the first output port, the second output port, the first arm and the second arm of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer, the first arm of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer is coupled with a first waveguide micro ring cavity through a third waveguide coupler, a first phase regulator is contained in the first waveguide micro ring cavity, the second arm of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer is coupled with a second waveguide micro ring cavity through a fourth waveguide coupler, the second waveguide micro ring cavity contains a second phase adjuster.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to photoswitch, particularly a kind of 2 * 2 waveguide optical switches with wavelength selectivity.Technical fields such as photoswitch of the present invention is mainly used in optical WDM communication medium wavelength route, uploads download channels, the cross interconnected unit of light, channel guard, network self-healing.
Background technology
Because to the continuous increase of optical communication capacity requirement, people just on the basis of close wavelength-division multiplex technology, research and development all optical network technology and intelligent light network technology.In this system, require the information of a series of wavelength channels is carried out various processing respectively, to satisfy each user's information requirement.High performance photoswitch with wavelength selectivity is one of Primary Component wherein, in order to effectively required wavelength is extracted, user's information can be uploaded in the optical communication network system simultaneously and go.
Present existing wavelength selectivity switch, main implementation have two big classes: based on the various photoswitches of fiber grating filter with based on the various photoswitches of slab guide.
1, based on the wavelength selecting optical switch of fiber grating
Optical fiber Bragg raster (FBG) has good wavelength selectivity, low insertion loss, polarization insensitive and can constitute characteristics such as full optical fibre device.Primary structure based on the wavelength selectivity switch of FBG has:
(1) on two arms of balance MZ, writes the Bragg grating respectively, utilize two grating reflection interference of light to realize selector switch [the T.Mizuochi et.al. of wavelength, Interferometriccrosstalk-free optical add/drop multiplexer using Mach-Zehnder-based fibergratings, Journal of Lightwave Technology, 1998,16 (2): 265～276].This structure is to utilize the reflected light of two identical fiber gratings relevant, therefore requires the Bragg wavelength of two fiber gratings necessary strict identical, and the brachium of MZ is identical, and this has just proposed very high requirement to preparation technology.
(2) on fiber coupler, write grating, utilize the phase matching of the same grating that the coupling mechanism double wave leads to realize wavelength selectivity [L.Dong et.al., Novel Add/Drop Filters forWaveglength-Division-Multiplexing Optical Fiber Systems Using a BraggGrating Assisted Mismatched Coupler.IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 1996,8 (12): 1656～1658].This structure requires on the technology structure of coupling mechanism and the strictness that writes of grating to be controlled equally.The practicality of device, stability are still waiting to solve.
(3) based on the wavelength selecting optical switch [Zhao Hao etc. of fiber loop mirror and fiber grating, wavelength-selective switches based on fiber grating and fiber loop mirror, the optics journal, 2000,20 (10): 1425～1428], this photoswitch need cooperate circulator could realize the function of 1 * 2 and 2 * 2 switches, has increased the cost of switch.
2, based on the wavelength selective optical switch of planar optical waveguide
Waveguide optical switch has and is easy to produce in batches and integrated advantage, becomes the focus that people pay close attention to.The slab guide photoswitch mainly contains following technical scheme:
(1) relates to the waveguide selective optical switch of effect based on non-equilibrium Mach-Ceng Degan, as [Q.Lai et.al., Tunable wavelength-selection switch and multiplexer/demultiplexer based on asymmertric silica-on-silicon Mach-Zehnderinterferometer.Electronics Letters, 1998,34 (3): 266～267].Because its spectral response is a sinusoidal form, the selectivity of wavelength is relatively poor.
(2) utilize the wavelength selective optical switch of micro loop resonator cavity.Little ring resonator has good wavelength selectivity, is one of optimal selection of wavelength selecting optical switch therefore.See [C.A.Barrios, High-performance all-optical silicon microswitch.ElectronicsLetters, 2004,40 (14)].This device realizes that the basic mechanism of switch is to utilize moving of its resonance wavelength, and in the DWDM wavelength-division multiplex system that requires the channel wavelength-division to determine, application just is restricted.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is in order to overcome the deficiency of above wavelength selective optical switch, a kind of 2 * 2 waveguide optical switches with wavelength selectivity are provided, it should have power consumption and the height integration that reduces switch, improve the speed of switch and the isolation of interchannel, centre wavelength is adjustable, applying flexible, the characteristics that volume is little.
Technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of 2 * 2 waveguide optical switches with wavelength selectivity, comprise first input end mouth, second input port, first output port and second output port, be characterized in having-Mach-Zehnder interferometer between first input end mouth, second input port and first output port, second output port, this Mach-Zehnder interferometer is made of the first arm and second arm; At the first arm of first input end mouth, second input port and Mach-Zehnder interferometer, the node place of second arm is first waveguide optical coupler, and its splitting ratio is 1: 1; At the first arm of first output port, second output port and Mach-Zehnder interferometer, the node place of second arm is second waveguide optical coupler, and its splitting ratio is 1: 1; At the first arm of Mach-Zehnder interferometer by the 3rd waveguide coupler first waveguide micro loop chamber that is coupled, comprise first phase regulator in this first waveguide micro loop chamber, by the 4th waveguide coupler second waveguide micro loop chamber that is coupled, comprise second phase regulator in this second waveguide micro loop chamber at second arm of Mach-Zehnder interferometer; The splitting ratio of the 3rd waveguide coupler and the 4th waveguide coupler is t
2: (1-t
2), wherein t is the splitting ratio of light field amplitude, the length in the described first waveguide micro loop chamber and the second waveguide micro loop chamber is respectively l
1And l
2
Described first phase regulator and second phase regulator are Planar Optical Waveguide Structures, it is to make SiO 2 waveguide under-clad layer, slab waveguide, top covering and metallic film on the silicon chip substrate of optical waveguide successively, and this metallic film and link to each other with the power supply of an adjustable current constitutes.
The equal in length in the described first waveguide micro loop chamber and the second waveguide micro loop chamber.
At the lower surface of the described silicon chip substrate semiconductor cooler that has been sticked, this semiconductor cooler links to each other with the power supply of semiconductor refrigerator, establishes the thermocouple of thermometric or thermistor and links to each other with the power supply of described semiconductor cooler in silicon chip substrate.
Advantage of the present invention and characteristics are:
1, the present invention is different from common non-equilibrium Mach-Zehnder interferometer wavelength selective optical switch.In Mach-Zehnder interferometer photoswitch, realize that the condition that switch switches is two variations of interfering the phase differential acquisition π of arm.Photoswitch of the present invention just can be realized photoswitch in change under the phase shift situation of π.This improves the speed of switch to reducing the power consumption of switch, and very big benefit is arranged.
2, the present invention utilizes the annular resonance cavity configuration to realize wavelength optionally, and its physical principle is to utilize the interference of multiple beam, has the advantage of wavelength selectivity.And can utilize on two ring resonators and implement phase modulation simultaneously, realize the tuning of centre wavelength, increased its application flexibility in optical WDM communication system.
3, the present invention has utilized two identical little ring resonators, by the optimal design of structural parameters, can realize the spectral filtering response of second order, so just makes in its filter response band to have certain flat-top, and can improve the isolation of interchannel.
4, utilize present existing advanced person's micro fabrication can realize the ring resonator of micron dimension radius, therefore the switch of this wavelength selectivity has height integration characteristics, and is easy to advantages such as the waveguide device with other function are integrated.Compare with the optical fiber grating, have the little characteristics of volume.And without any need for additional device.
Illustrate
Fig. 1 is 2 * 2 waveguide optical switch structural principle block diagrams that the present invention has wavelength selectivity;
Fig. 2 is the little ring cavity of the present invention position phase curve of spectrum;
Fig. 3 is the curve of spectrum of light signal open and closed;
The Planar Optical Waveguide Structures sectional view of Fig. 4 embodiment of the invention;
The plane structure chart of Fig. 5 embodiment of the invention;
The refrigerator scheme that adds of Fig. 6 embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing, the invention will be further described, but should not limit protection scope of the present invention with this.
See also Fig. 1 earlier, Fig. 1 is 2 * 2 waveguide optical switch structural principle block diagrams that the present invention has wavelength selectivity.As seen from the figure, the present invention has the formation of 2 * 2 waveguide optical switches of wavelength selectivity: comprise first input end mouth 1, second input port 2, first output port 3 and second output port 4, between first input end mouth 1, second input port 2 and first output port 3, second output port 4 one Mach-Zehnder interferometer is arranged, this Mach-Zehnder interferometer is made of the first arm 6a and the second arm 6b that brachium equates; Node place at the first arm 6a, the second arm 6b of first input end mouth 1, second input port 2 and Mach-Zehnder interferometer is the first waveguide optical coupler 5a, and its splitting ratio is 1: 1; Node place at the first arm 6a, the second arm 6b of first output port 3, second output port 4 and Mach-Zehnder interferometer is the second waveguide optical coupler 5b, and its splitting ratio is 1: 1; At the mid point of the first arm 6a of Mach-Zehnder interferometer by the 3rd waveguide coupler 8a first waveguide micro loop chamber 7a that is coupled, comprise the first phase regulator 9a among this first waveguide micro loop chamber 7a, by the 4th waveguide coupler 8b second waveguide micro loop chamber 7b that is coupled, comprise second phase regulator 9b among this second waveguide micro loop chamber 7b at the mid point of the second arm 6b of Mach-Zehnder interferometer; The splitting ratio of the 3rd waveguide coupler 8a and the 4th waveguide coupler 8b is t
2: (1-t
2), the length of the described first waveguide micro loop chamber 7a and the second waveguide micro loop chamber 7b is respectively l
1And l
2
The principle of work of switch of the present invention is as follows:
Be connected to each other the Mach-Zehnder interferometer that constitutes by the first waveguide optical coupler 5a and the second waveguide optical coupler 5b, when two arm 6a of Mach-Zehnder interferometer, 6b equal in length, characteristic with balance Mach-Zehnder interferometer, promptly, when light signal during from first input end mouth 1 input, will be all from 4 outputs of second output port; And when signal during from the input of second input port 2, will be all from 3 outputs of first output port.When the light path phase differential of Mach-Zehnder interferometer two arms is conditioned when reaching π (180 °), output signal will be switched between first output port 3 and second output port 4.That is, export from first output port 3 from the light wave of first input end mouth 1 input; And export from second output port 4 from the light wave of second input port, 2 inputs.When the first waveguide micro loop chamber 7a and the second waveguide micro loop chamber 7b insert Mach-Zehnder interferometer two arms, increased the optical phase shift of two arms.This phase shift is with the length l of operation wavelength λ, the first waveguide micro loop chamber 7a and the second waveguide micro loop chamber 7b
1And l
2The splitting ratio t of the 3rd waveguide coupler 8a and the 4th waveguide coupler 8b
2/ (1-t
2) relevant, can be expressed as:
In the formula: a and b are t
2Function, be expressed as
a＝(1-t
2)/(1+t
2)，
b＝2t/(1+t
2)，
N is the effective refractive index of waveguide.
When the length of the first waveguide micro loop chamber 7a and the second waveguide micro loop chamber 7b equated with effective refractive index, the light path of Mach-Zehnder interferometer two arms still remained equal, and it is also constant that light path is moved towards.First phase regulator 9a in being inserted in little ring cavity and the phase shift of the second phase regulator 9b not simultaneously, output light signal will between first output port 3 and second output port 4, switch, the realization 2 * 2 photoswitches function.Because light wave in little ring cavity the multiple cycles transmission can take place, the phase shift 1,2 that the phase shift of phase regulator is introduced the transfer arm of Mach-Zehnder interferometer will amplify.Therefore between the first phase regulator 9a and the second phase regulator 9b, a little phase shift variations is arranged, just can realize the switching of light path.
Fig. 2 has shown the curve of spectrum of second ring chamber phase change and their difference.Dotted line and dot-and-dash line are the phase shift spectrum in second ring chamber among the figure.When not doing the phase modulation operation, two curves overlap, and their difference is zero.When phase regulator is operated respectively, two phase place curve generation relative displacement.Their difference is shown in solid line among the figure.It is poor that operation by phase regulator just can change with control phase, realizes the phase differential of a π as shown in the figure.Fig. 3 is the spectrum of output light signal, demonstrates the difference that device is opened (solid line) and (dotted line) state of closing.
The first phase regulator 9a of the present invention and the second phase regulator 9b can utilize thermo-optic effect to realize.Specific embodiments is as follows: Fig. 4 is the Planar Optical Waveguide Structures sectional view.10 is the silicon chip substrate of optical waveguide among the figure.Adopt thermal oxidation process on silicon chip, to prepare SiO 2 waveguide under-clad layer 11; On under-clad layer 11, make slab waveguide 12 according to the structural design size; On this slab waveguide 12, make top covering 13 then.On slab waveguide 12, make metallic film 14.When this metallic film 14 is applied electric current, because the thermal effect of electric current will make the temperature of waveguide rise.Because the temperature effect and the material coefficient of thermal expansion of material refractive index will cause the effective refractive index and the geometrical variations of waveguide, thereby produce phase-adjusted effect.
The waveguide material of device of the present invention can utilize various glass materials, organic polymer, crystal, semiconductor etc.The preparation method can utilize technologies such as sol-gal process, flame hydrolysis, plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition method, sputter, ion-exchange to realize.
Fig. 5 is the planar structure synoptic diagram of the embodiment of the invention.1a, 2a, 3a, 4a are respectively the optical fiber that the port one, 2,3,4 with fiber waveguide device is coupled among the figure.10 is the silicon chip as the optical waveguide substrate.14a and 14b are the metallic film that is produced on the heating usefulness on the slab waveguide of first little ring cavity 7a and second little ring cavity 7b.15a and 15b are the power supplys that metallic film is applied controllable current.According to experiment and calculating, Metal Membrane Heater is applied several milliamperes electric current, just can obtain the phase change of 180 degree, realize the switching of switch.
Adopting thermo-optic effect to realize that under the phase-adjusted situation, according to heat conducting general characteristic, temperature-rise ratio is very fast, suppression ratio is slower.In order to improve the corresponding speed of switch, can adopt refrigeration method, accelerate radiating rate.Fig. 6 is for adopting the device package scheme synoptic diagram of semiconductor cooler.16 is a semiconductor cooler among the figure.17 is the power supply of semiconductor cooler.18 is thermocouple or the thermistor that thermometric, temperature control are used.Device is adopted the refrigeration constant temperature measures, and the wavelength that also helps device is selected and the steady operation of performance such as extinction ratio.
Phase regulator among the present invention except above-mentioned thermo-optic effect, also can utilize the electrooptical effect of material to realize; Can also utilize modes such as semi-conductive charge carrier injection to realize.
Show with experiment that by analysis advantage of the present invention is:
1, the present invention is different from common non-equilibrium Mach-Zehnder interferometer Wavelength-selective optial Switch. In Mach-Zehnder interferometer photoswitch, the condition that realizes switching over is two and does The phase difference that relates to arm obtains the variation of π. Photoswitch of the present invention is changing shifting one's love mutually much smaller than π Just can realize photoswitch under the condition. This improves the speed of switch to reducing the power consumption of switch, has very Big benefit.
2, the present invention utilizes the annular resonance cavity configuration to realize wavelength optionally, and its physics is former Reason is to utilize the interference of multiple beam, has the advantage of wavelength selectivity. And can utilize at two Implement simultaneously phase modulation on the ring resonator, realize the tuning of centre wavelength, increased it in wavelength-division again With the flexibility of using in the optical communication system.
3, the present invention has utilized two identical little ring resonators, establishes by the optimization of structural parameters Meter can be realized the spectral filtering response of second order, so just makes to have in its filter response band necessarily Flat-top, and can improve the isolation of interchannel.
4, utilize present existing advanced person's micro fabrication can realize the annular of micron dimension radius Resonator, therefore the switch of this wavelength selectivity has height integration characteristics, and is easy to together Have the advantages such as the waveguide device of other function is integrated. Compare with the optical fiber grating, it is little to have a volume Characteristics. And without any need for additional device.
Claims (4)
1, a kind of 2 * 2 waveguide optical switches with wavelength selectivity, comprise first input end mouth (1), second input port (2), first output port (3) and second output port (4), it is characterized in that between first input end mouth (1), second input port (2) and first output port (3), second output port (4) a Mach-Zehnder interferometer being arranged, this Mach-Zehnder interferometer is made of the first arm (6a) and second arm (6b) that brachium equates; At the first arm (6a) of first input end mouth (1), second input port (2) and Mach-Zehnder interferometer, the node place of second arm (6b) is first waveguide optical coupler (5a), and its splitting ratio is 1: 1; At the first arm (6a) of first output port (3), second output port (4) and Mach-Zehnder interferometer, the node place of second arm (6b) is second waveguide optical coupler (5b), and its splitting ratio is 1: 1; The first arm (6a) at the Mach-Zehnder interferometer passes through the 3rd waveguide coupler (8a) the coupling first waveguide micro loop chamber (7a), comprise first phase regulator (9a) in this first waveguide micro loop chamber (7a), second arm (6b) at the Mach-Zehnder interferometer passes through the 4th waveguide coupler (8b) the coupling second waveguide micro loop chamber (7b), comprises second phase regulator (9b) in this second waveguide micro loop chamber (7b); The splitting ratio of the 3rd waveguide coupler (8a) and the 4th waveguide coupler (8b) is t
2: (1-t
2), wherein t is the splitting ratio of light field amplitude, the length in the described first waveguide micro loop chamber (7a) and the second waveguide micro loop chamber (7b) is respectively l
1And l
2
2,2 * 2 waveguide optical switches with wavelength selectivity according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described first phase regulator (9a) and second phase regulator (9b) are Planar Optical Waveguide Structures, it is to make SiO 2 waveguide under-clad layer (11), slab waveguide (12), top covering (13) and metallic film (14) successively on the silicon chip substrate (10) in optical waveguide, and the power supply (15a) of this metallic film (14) and first adjustable current or the power supply (15b) of second adjustable current link to each other and constitute.
3,2 * 2 waveguide optical switches with wavelength selectivity according to claim 1 is characterized in that the equal in length in the described first waveguide micro loop chamber (7a) and the second waveguide micro loop chamber (7b).
4,2 * 2 waveguide optical switches with wavelength selectivity according to claim 2, it is characterized in that being provided with semiconductor cooler (16) at the lower surface of described silicon chip substrate (10), this semiconductor cooler (16) links to each other with the power supply (17) of semiconductor refrigerator, establishes the thermocouple of thermometric or thermistor (18) and links to each other with the power supply (17) of semiconductor cooler in silicon chip substrate (10).
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2010000170A1 (en) * | 2008-06-30 | 2010-01-07 | 华为技术有限公司 | Optical switch |
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| CN100432658C (en) * | 2005-08-11 | 2008-11-12 | 浙江大学 | A sensor based on asymmetric interference arm Mach-Zehnder interferometer |
| US7805026B2 (en) * | 2007-10-09 | 2010-09-28 | Alcatel-Lucent Usa Inc. | Resonator-assisted control of radio-frequency response in an optical modulator |
| CN103487889A (en) * | 2013-08-12 | 2014-01-01 | 上海交通大学 | Mach-Zehnder optical switch structure based on coupling of double resonant cavities |
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| CN114815325A (en) * | 2022-06-29 | 2022-07-29 | 浙江大学 | Micro-ring auxiliary MZI optical switch based on thermo-optical modulation |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2010000170A1 (en) * | 2008-06-30 | 2010-01-07 | 华为技术有限公司 | Optical switch |
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