CN1290346C - Apparatus and method of using a ciphering key in a hybrid communications network - Google Patents
Apparatus and method of using a ciphering key in a hybrid communications network Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1290346C CN1290346C CNB028275241A CN02827524A CN1290346C CN 1290346 C CN1290346 C CN 1290346C CN B028275241 A CNB028275241 A CN B028275241A CN 02827524 A CN02827524 A CN 02827524A CN 1290346 C CN1290346 C CN 1290346C
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- mobile radio
- radio station
- station
- communication system
- cellular communication
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W12/00—Security arrangements; Authentication; Protecting privacy or anonymity
- H04W12/04—Key management, e.g. using generic bootstrapping architecture [GBA]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L63/00—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
- H04L63/04—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for providing a confidential data exchange among entities communicating through data packet networks
- H04L63/0428—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for providing a confidential data exchange among entities communicating through data packet networks wherein the data content is protected, e.g. by encrypting or encapsulating the payload
- H04L63/0457—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for providing a confidential data exchange among entities communicating through data packet networks wherein the data content is protected, e.g. by encrypting or encapsulating the payload wherein the sending and receiving network entities apply dynamic encryption, e.g. stream encryption
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L63/00—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
- H04L63/06—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for supporting key management in a packet data network
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W12/00—Security arrangements; Authentication; Protecting privacy or anonymity
- H04W12/03—Protecting confidentiality, e.g. by encryption
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W80/00—Wireless network protocols or protocol adaptations to wireless operation
- H04W80/02—Data link layer protocols
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L2463/00—Additional details relating to network architectures or network communication protocols for network security covered by H04L63/00
- H04L2463/061—Additional details relating to network architectures or network communication protocols for network security covered by H04L63/00 applying further key derivation, e.g. deriving traffic keys from a pair-wise master key
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Computing Systems (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
Abstract
A method of using a ciphering key in a mobile station (18) from a first base station (12) in a first cellular communications system controlled by a first mobile switching control (10) station to a second base station in a second, different cellular system controlled by a second mobile switching control station is described. The method comprises generating for the mobile station a cipher key for use by the mobile station during communication in the second cellular communications system. The cipher key is generated by the mobile station from a private key assigned to the mobile station for the second cellular communications system and from a random number generated by the second cellular communications system. The cipher key is then communicated to the first mobile system and a private long code is generated for use by the mobile station during communication in the first cellular communications system.
Description
Related application
The application has priority for U.S. Provisional Patent Application sequence number 60/340755, the latter is entitled as " Methodand Apparatusfor Effecting Handoff Between Different CellularCommunications Systems ", is filed in November 7 calendar year 2001; And the application also has priority to U.S. Patent Application Serial Number 10/077502, the latter is entitled as " Method and Apparatus ForEffecting Handoff Between Different Cellular Communications Systems ", is filed on February 14th, 2002; The application also has priority sharp number 60/350401 for the U.S. Provisional Patent Application preface, the latter is entitled as " GSM Authentication; Encryption and Other FeatureSupport in a CDMA 1x Network Using a GSM-1x MSC ", is filed on January 17th, 2002.
Background of invention
Field of the present invention
The present invention relates generally to use the method and apparatus of encryption key.
Description of related art
So-called code division multiple access (CDMA) modulation technique is one of several technology of being convenient to have the communication of a large amount of system users.Though other technologies such as time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA) and can use such as the AM modulation scheme of amplitude compression expansion single sideband, CDMA has the considerable advantage that is better than other these modulation techniques.In multi-address communication system, use CDMA technology in U.S. Patent number 4901307, announcement to be arranged, be entitled as " Spread Spectrum Multiple Access Communication System Using SatelliteOr Terrestrial Repeaters ", be transferred to assignee of the present invention, be hereby incorporated by.
In U.S. Patent number 4901307, a kind of multiple access technology has been described, wherein a large amount of mobile telephone system users, each has a transceiver, and employing code division multiple access (CDMA) spread spectrum communications signals is repeater or terrestrial base station (cell base station or cell site are otherwise known as) communication via satellite.Use cdma communication, then frequency spectrum can be repeated to use repeatedly, thereby can increase system user capacity.Use CDMA technology can obtain higher spectrum efficiency compared with other multiple access technologies.
In the cell phone system of routine, available frequency band is divided into the channel that general bandwidth is 30KHz, and uses simulation FM modulation technique.System service area is divided into the sub-district of different sizes on the region.The available frequencies channel is divided into set, and each set such as generally comprises at the channel of quantity.The mode that frequency sets is assigned to the sub-district is to disturb possibility for minimizing co-channel.For example, consider a system, seven frequency sets are wherein arranged, and the sub-district is for waiting big or small hexagon.The frequency sets that is used for a sub-district can not be used in the neighborhood recently or on every side six of this sub-district.Further, the frequency sets of then using in a sub-district can not be used in 12 of this sub-district nearest neighborhoods.
In the cellular system of routine, the handover scheme of realization is used for making that the connection (for example data link) of calling or other types can keep continuous when mobile radio station is crossed over two cell boarders.The receiver in the cell base station of switching in from a sub-district to another sub-district handle to be called out or is connected the signal strength signal intensity of noticing from mobile radio station that receives and falls reservation threshold when following.Lower signal strength signal intensity indication means that mobile radio station must be near cell boarder.When signal level is fallen under the reservation threshold, then the base station requires system controller to determine that whether adjacent base station is to receive mobile station signal than the better signal strength signal intensity of current base station.
The system controller of response current base station inquiry sends a message to adjacent base station with handoff request.Specific scanning radio is used in the base station of contiguous current base station, and they seek the signal from mobile radio station on particular channel.If one of them adjacent base station has been reported enough signal levels to system controller, then attempt switching.
Switch then when the idle channel of the channel set of having selected to be used for new base station and begin.Control messages is sent to mobile radio station, orders it to switch to new channel from current channel.In the identical moment, system controller will be called out from first base station and switch to second base station.
In conventional system, if unsuccessful to the switching of new base station, then calling can be interrupted.Handoff failure many reasons are arranged.If there is not available idle channel to be used for this call communication in neighbor cell, then switching can failure.If the report of another base station is from this mobile radio station acquired information, be the different mobile radio stations that in diverse another sub-district, use same channel and in fact this base station hears, then switching can failure.This report mistake can make to call out and be switched to wrong sub-district, generally be a sub-district that signal strength signal intensity is not enough to keep communication.In addition, if mobile radio station can not hear instruction with switching channels, switching can failure.The practical operation experience shows that handoff failure takes place frequently to cause system unreliable.
Intrasystem another the frequent problem of routine call is when mobile radio station during near the border of two sub-districts.In this case, signal level is in the place's fluctuation of two base stations.This signal level fluctuation causes " table tennis " situation, promptly carries out the repetitive requests of switch call between two base stations to and fro.This kind additional unwanted handoff request has increased the probability that mobile radio station is answered the channel switching command improperly or can not be heard order fully.In addition, all be used and do not have in the sub-district of the available channel that can accept to switch if be transferred to all channels unfortunately, then the table tennis situation has increased and has called out interrupted probability.
In U.S. Patent number 5101501, be entitled as " Method and System For Providing A SoftHandoff In Communications In a CDMA Cellular Telephone System ", be transferred to assignee of the present invention, and be incorporated herein for referencial use, disclosed a kind of method and system, be used between transfer period, providing communication by mobile radio station more than a cell base station.In this environment, the communication in the cellular system is interrupted for the final switching from first base station to second base station, the sub-district that the corresponding mobile radio station in first base station will withdraw from, and the sub-district that the corresponding mobile radio station in second base station will enter.The switching of the type can be considered to cell base station and communication between mobile stations " soft " switches, and wherein two or more base stations or sector of base station send to mobile radio station concomitantly.Use this kind " soft " handoff technique can significantly reduce the probability of happening of table tennis situation, this situation refers to carry out the handoff request of repetition between a pair of base station.
In U.S. Patent number 5267261, disclosed the soft hand-off that improves, be entitled as " Mobile StationAssisted Soft Handoff In A CDMA Cellular Communications System ", transfer assignee of the present invention, be hereby incorporated by.Soft hand-off is improved by " pilot tone " signal strength signal intensity that each base station in mobile radio station place measuring system sends.The stand measurement of these pilot frequency intensities of the candidate of switching by the feasible base station of convenient identification helps soft switching process.
The soft hand-off that improves requires the signal strength signal intensity of mobile station monitors from the pilot tone of adjacent base station.When measured signal strengths surpassed given threshold values, to system controller strength of transmitted signals message, mobile radio station was just by this base station communication by the base station for mobile radio station.Set up provisional communication between new and current base station from system controller to new base station with to the command messages of mobile radio station.The signal strength signal intensity that detects the pilot tone of corresponding at least one base station when mobile radio station is fallen predetermined level when following, wherein mobile radio station is just by this base station communication, mobile radio station will be indicated the measured signal strength signal intensity that gets of respective base station to converge by the base station and be reported to system controller, and it just communicates by this base station.Command messages termination from system controller to base station through identifying and mobile radio station is communicated by letter by respective base station, and continues by the communication of other base station.
Though above technology is appropriate to the calling transfer of the intrasystem minizone of same cellular,, mobile radio station has more unmanageable problem by from the sub-district of the base station services of another cellular system the time when entering.The complicated factor that switches at this kind " between system " is that the adjacent cell system often has different features.For example, adjacent cellular system is often operated with different frequency, and may keep the varying level of base station power output or pilot frequency intensity.These differences prevent that effectively the pilot frequency intensity that the mobile radio station realization is considered by existing mobile assist in soft handover technology from relatively reaching similar operations.
When there not being the resource can be when carrying out switching between floppy disk system, if the service of keeping is not interrupted, then the timing of the switching of calling from a system to another system or connection be very crucial.Be to switch between system to carry out in the moment that can cause inter-system call or successful connection to be shifted.In this kind switching, be called as direct-cut operation here, communicating by letter between mobile radio station and a system must communicating by letter between mobile radio station and other system begin preceding termination.Only switch and ought attempted under for example following situation:
(i) in new sub-district, available idle channel is arranged
(ii) but mobile radio station lose with the getting in touch of current base station before, mobile radio station in fact in new cell base station scope, and
(iii) the present position of mobile radio station guarantees that it can receive the instruction of switching channels
Ideally, switching can be carried out in one way between each this kind hard system, with potential " table tennis " handoff request between the base station that minimizes different system.Yet existing handoff procedure makes this difficulty more when the failure of following sign, and promptly sign is when and by which base station, and mobile radio station should be provided new frequency with channel information and be instructed to shift extant call and be connected.
These and those shortcomings of handoff technique have been damaged the quality of cellular communication between existing system, and may be when cellular system further expands degrade performance.Correspondingly, need handoff technique between a kind of system, can guide the calling between the base station of different cellular communication systems or the switching of connection reliably.
U.S. Patent number 5697055 has been described a kind of method and system, be used to realize switch between the system of the mobile station communicate between the base station of first and second cellular systems, be entitled as " Mobile Station Assisted SoftHandoff In A CDMA Cellular Communications System ", be transferred to assignee of the present invention.At the mobile radio station place, but measure the parameter of the quantification of the signal that second base station of second system sends.When but the quantitative para meter value of measuring surpassed first predeterminated level, first base station of mobile radio station by first system passed to first with signal quality message and moves the switching controls station.
Channel request message moves the switching controls station from first then and is delivered to second intrasystem second and moves the switching controls station.At second base station place, but also measure the quantitative para meter of the signal that receives from mobile radio station.When but the measured value of the parameter of quantification surpasses predeterminated level, second base station is set up and the communicating by letter of mobile radio station.Perhaps, the signal strength signal intensity of first pilot signal of first base station transmission is measured at the mobile radio station place.When the measured signal strengths of first pilot signal is less than second predeterminated level, handoff request message is sent to second base station then, thereby sets up mobile station communicate.Provide voice link between mobile switching controls station to make and between first and second cellular systems, to transmit the connection that exists, and feasiblely can carry out switching between floppy disk system.
Though thereby this mode all can realize that based on CDMA the situation of soft handover is suitable for for two systems, but still exist a problem promptly how to handle the problem that one or more systems can not realize this kind soft handover.For example, GSM standard does not have soft handoff mechanism.Therefore, handling from using cdma network to the switching of the calling of the air interface of GSM network, to have problems.In addition, the GSM authentication can not be done, because CDMA 2000 mechanism can not be transmitted the data that the GSM authentication needs.Encryption in the GSM also is different from the encryption in the CDMA 2000.
A kind of mode of handling this problem is to revise GSM, makes it can be implemented to switching such as the non-gsm system of cdma system.Yet GSM has existed for a long time, and comparatively speaking, the operator can not prefer to expend huge fund existing equipment is made amendment to adapt to adjacent incompatible system very much.If add new message in the air interface of support dual mode mobile station, then must make amendment to support these new informations.Clearly, this does not expect from operator's angle.
Another problem of switching between cdma system and gsm system is CDMA and two kinds of diverse ways of GSM authentication use and key.Authentication method in GSM and the CDMA 1X is basic identical, but the cipher key size difference.CDMA 1X has additional process, and such as unique inquire response and method of counting, this correspondingly prevents channel abduction and replay attack.
The present invention's general introduction
The present invention overcomes the above problems.
According to an aspect of the present invention, a kind of method is provided, use by in a system through first encryption key of first base station in the mobile radio station of second base station in the second different cellular communication system that second moves that the exchange control station controls that moves in first cellular communication system of exchange control station control, this method comprises: for mobile radio station generates an encryption key, communication period is that mobile radio station uses in second cellular communication system, and described encryption key is to be generated from the private cipher key of the mobile radio station of distributing to second cellular communication system and the random number that second cellular communication system generates by mobile radio station; Encryption key is passed to first mobile system; And the communication period in first cellular communication system, for mobile radio station is generated as the privately owned long code that mobile radio station uses.
According to a further aspect in the invention, provide a mobile radio station, having comprised: the transmitting-receiving chain, be used for cellular communication system in reception and send signal; And a controller, be used for: receive the random number that second cellular communication system generates; And for mobile radio station generates encryption key, for the communication period of mobile radio station in cellular communication system used, described encryption key generates from the mobile radio station for this cellular communication system private cipher key that distributes and the random number that receives.
Therefore, one aspect of the present invention is based upon the CDMA physical layer of using in the gsm system and does not need GSM moved and serve switching center (MSC) and carry out material alteration, to reuse the method for GSM authentication on the CDMA physical layer.This benefit that provides is that system does not need to support two kinds of dissimilar authentication centers, two kinds of dissimilar SIM card etc.
More than feature of the present invention in described claims, propose, and its advantage can be along with becoming obvious in the example embodiment of the present invention following detailed description with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Brief description of the drawings
In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of cellular system;
Fig. 2 is that two borders between cellular system schematically illustrate;
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of dual mode mobile station;
Fig. 4 is schematically illustrating of the interior exchanges data of gsm system; And
Fig. 5 is schematically illustrating of monotype mobile radio station.
The detailed description of the embodiment of the invention
Fig. 1 is the illustrative of exemplary cellular telephone systems.The system that illustrates can use any multiple access modulation technique with communicating by letter between convenient a large amount of system mobile stations or mobile phone and base station.This kind multi-address communication system technology comprises: time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), code division multiple access (CDMA) and the AM modulation scheme of expanding single sideband such as amplitude compression.The spread-spectrum modulation technique of CDMA discloses in above-mentioned U.S. Patent number 4901307, and it has many advantages that are better than the modulation technique of other multi-address communication system, and therefore is optimum.
In general cdma system, each base station sends unique pilot signal, and this is included in and sends " pilot frequency carrier wave " on the corresponding pilot channel.Pilot signal be free use non-modulated that public pseudo noise (PN) extended code sends by each base station, direct sequence, spread-spectrum signal.Except phase reference that coherent demodulation is provided be used to switch the benchmark of definite signal strength measurement, it is synchronous that pilot signal makes that mobile radio station can obtain starter system, regularly synchronously promptly.The normally identical PN extended code of pilot signal that each base station sends, but have different code phase offset.
In the system shown in Fig. 1, system controller and switch 10 also are called as mobile switching centre (MSC), generally comprise interface and treatment circuit (not shown), are used to offer the control of a plurality of base stations 12,14 and 16 systems.Controller 10 is also controlled the route that is used to be transferred to suitable mobile radio station from PSTN (PSTN) to the call of proper base station.Controller 10 is also controlled the route by the calling of at least one base station from the mobile radio station to PSTN.Controller 10 also guides by the calling between the mobile subscriber of proper base station, because the general mutual not direct communication of this kind mobile radio station.
The design of the geographic shape of base station service areas or sub-district makes that mobile radio station generally can be near a base station.When mobile radio station is in the free time, promptly not call out, mobile radio station is monitored the pilot signal transmission from each adjacent base station always.As illustrating in Fig. 1, pilot signal is sent to mobile radio station by base station 12,14 and 16 on corresponding communication links 20b, 22b and 24b.Mobile radio station determines by the pilot signal strength that relatively sends from these certain base station it is in which sub-district then.
In the example of Fig. 1 explanation, mobile radio station 18 can be considered near base station 16.Call out when mobile radio station 18 beginnings one, then control messages is sent to nearest base station, is base station 16 herein.Base station 1 transmits a signal to system controller 10 and transmits call number when receiving call request message.System controller 10 is linked target receiver by PSTN with calling then.
If begin to call out in PSTN, then controller 10 sends call information to regional interior all base stations.The base station then sends to beep-page message target and receives mobile radio station.When mobile radio station hears beep-page message, it is to send to the control messages response of nearest base station.This control messages transmits a signal to system controller, notify this certain base station with mobile station communicate.Controller 10 routes the call to mobile radio station by nearest base station then.
If mobile radio station 18 shifts out the overlay area that initial base station is base station 16, then attempt continuing this calling by another base station by calling out route.In handoff procedure, there be different beginning to call out the method for switching or passing through another base station route.
In the initial changing method in base station, initial base station is that base station 16 notices that the signal that mobile radio station 18 sends has been lower than certain threshold values.Base station 16 sends a handover request to system controller 10 then, and it relays the request to the adjacent base station 12,14 of all base stations 16.The request that controller sends comprises the information relevant with channel, comprises the PN sign indicating number sequence that mobile radio station 18 uses. Base station 12 and 14 with receiver be tuned to the channel that uses of mobile radio station, and measure signal intensity, this generally uses digital technology.If one of base station 12 and 14 receivers has been reported than the stronger signal of signal strength signal intensity of initial base station report, then this base station has been switched.
Perhaps, mobile radio station itself can begin so-called MAHO.Each pilot signal transmitted of base station, these signals are together with other thing sign base stations.Mobile radio station has been equipped with scanning receiver, and except carrying out other functions, it is used for the pilot signal transmission of scanning neighbor base stations 12 and 14.Be better than given threshold values if realize one pilot signal of adjacent base station 12 and 14, then mobile radio station 18 sends a relevant information to current base station 16.
Reciprocal process between mobile radio station and base station allows mobile radio station to communicate by letter with 16 by one or more base station 12,14.In this process, moving station mark is also measured the signal strength signal intensity of the pilot signal that its receives.This information is delivered to MSC by the base station with mobile station communicate.MSC when receiving this information, being connected between beginning or terminating mobile station and base station, thus carry out MAHO.
Above process can also be considered to " soft " to be switched, because mobile radio station is simultaneously by communicating by letter simultaneously more than a base station.During soft handover, MSC makes up between the signal that receives from each base station or selects, and mobile unit is between different districts when mobile and these base station communications.Like this MSC can with from the signal relay of PSTN to base station that each mobile unit is communicated by letter with it.If mobile radio station just in time is positioned at the overlay area of two or more base stations rather than promptly is not identical MSC control at same cellular system, mobile auxiliary switching meeting is more complicated.
The method of switching between a kind of base station that is implemented in the different system is described with reference to figure 2, this illustrates a cellular communications networks 30 with schematic diagram, and this network is included in CDMA Cellular System (for example IS-95 1X) and the GSM cellular system under GSM moving exchanging center MSC g control under the control of CDMA moving exchanging center MSC.In Fig. 2, five this kind example base station B1A are shown to illustrative to B5A, the sub-district C1A that is correspondingly positioned at cdma system is to C5A, and five base station B1B are correspondingly positioned at the sub-district C1B of gsm system to C5B to B5B.Though for convenience of description, sub-district C1A is shown as circle to C5A and C1B to C5B, is appreciated that the sub-district generally is designed to other shapes, and in fact its shape depends on the landform and the topology in the zone that it is positioned at.In the following description, sub-district C1A can be called as " border " sub-district to C3A and C1B to C3B, because these sub-districts are near the border of first and second cellular systems.This name makes that remaining sub-district can be called " inside " sub-district easily in each system.
Below describe and will provide about a mobile radio station, it can receive and the signal that the base station in CDMA and the GSM cellular system is come is reacted.Yet can consider to use the communication system of any kind, such as CDMA one, CDMA2000, CDMA 2000 1x, CDMA 2000 3x, high data rate principle (HDR), CDMA 1xEV, CDMA 1xEVDO, TDMA, TDSCDMA, W-CDMA, GPRS and other.For this purpose, mobile radio station is configured with having the double frequency band transceiver that receives chain, this transceiver be tuned to the different operating frequency of two cellular systems.In the accompanying drawing of Fig. 3, provide the schematic diagram of this kind mobile radio station.As this illustrate, mobile radio station 40 comprises by antenna multicoupler 44 and is connected to the CDMA transmission and receives chain 46 and GSM transmission and receive the antenna 42 of chain 48.Transmission chain 46,48 is conventional for CDMA and gsm system separately.Chain output is arrived conventional baseband circuit 50 through suitable demodulation and with data transaction.Transmission chain 46,48 is by controller 52 controls, and controller also will switch at two interchains according to the command signal from CDMA and gsm system.Therefore, in the present embodiment, two chains are not movable simultaneously.In another embodiment, two chains may be movable simultaneously.
In another embodiment, the single transceiver arrangement of mobile radio station, this transceiver have can be tuned to one the reception chain of cellular system of two cellular systems.The accompanying drawing of Fig. 5 provides the schematic diagram of this kind mobile radio station.As this illustrate, mobile radio station 53 comprises antenna 54.Antenna multicoupler 55 is linked the CDMA transmission and is received chain 56 (if it is the CDMA mobile phone).Otherwise mobile radio station 53 is linked the GSM transmission and is received chain 57. Transmission chain 56,57 is conventional for corresponding C DMA and gsm system.Chain output is arrived conventional baseband circuit 58 through suitable demodulation and with data transaction, and receives the transmission data from baseband circuit 58.Transmission chain or chain 56 or chain 57 are by controller 59 controls.
Get back to Fig. 2, CDMA mobile switching centre (MSCc) control from the route of the call of PSTN (PSTN) to proper base station B1A to B5A to be transferred to the mobile radio station of appointment.CDMA moving exchanging center MSC c also controls from the mobile radio station in the overlay area of first cellular system by the calling route of at least one base station to PSTN.GSM moving exchanging center MSC g operates the operation to B5B with management of base station B1B in a similar fashion, and the calling between route PSTN and GSM cellular system.Control messages etc. are being transmitted between MSCc and MSCg on the inter-system data link 34.
When mobile radio station was arranged in the internal zone of cdma system, mobile radio station was generally through programming to monitor from the pilot signal transmission of the base station of vicinity (being inside and/or border).Mobile radio station determines by the pilot signal strength that relatively sends from peripheral base station it is in which internal zone then.When mobile radio station during, can begin MAHO in the modes of describing in the U.S. Patent number 5267261 for example near the border of internal zone.
When moving when being positioned within border cell C1A one, there is different situations to C3A or C1B to C3B.As an example, consider a kind of situation, mobile radio station is positioned at sub-district C2A but is approaching sub-district C2B.Under this situation, mobile radio station can begin to receive the available signal level from base station B2B, and this level can be reported to base station B2B and the current base station of communication with it of any other mobile radio station then.But the available signal level is moved time that station or base station receive and can determines by the parameter (for example signal strength signal intensity, signal to noise ratio, frame erasure rate, bit error rate (BER) and/or relative time time-delay) that measurement receives one or more quantification of signal.This mechanism is similar to be described in the U.S. Patent number 5697055 of above-mentioned sign.
If two systems are cdma system, then the handover mechanism of describing in the U.S. Patent number 5697055 can be used to carry out the switching between sub-district C2A and C2B.A yet problem is arranged, because the current mechanism that does not have the air interface of mechanism use to be used for switch call from cdma network to the GSM networking.The GSM authentication can not be finished, and carries out the data that the GSM authentication needs because CDMA mechanism can not be transmitted.Encryption in the GSM is different from the encryption in the CDMA.If in order to support dual mode mobile station, add new information, then must make amendment to support these new informations to air interface.This does not expect.
The separating of this problem is to use universal information, universal information to comprise to make mobile radio station can send to the instruction of GSM network from cdma network.Such universal information must transmit to be realized the GSM authentication and encrypts necessary data.Best, universal information can also be supported other supplemental characteristics in the GSM.In other words, the gsm protocol of foundation must remain unchanged moving, to minimize any change in the existing gsm system.In a single day the part of handover operation comprises sets up subscriber identity, and has realized switching, must keep the data confidentiality (encryption) of signaling and physical connection.The definition of subscriber identity authentication and operation require to provide in GSM 02.09.
Verification process also is used to set encryption key.Therefore, verification process after network has been set up subscriber identity and at channel through encrypting preceding realization.Two network functions are in order to realize that this point is necessary, and two functions are the management of verification process itself and intrasystem authentication and encryption key.
Like this, use whenever available passage mechanism (under switch instances and non-switch instances), and can be unidirectional or two-way.One type passage mechanism is so-called ADDS (application data sends service) message and the short data burst messages of transparent transmission in cdma system GSM parameter, these parameters generally be can't help the inspection of GSM base station controller BSC, but are that dual mode mobile station is required.Use ADDS message to make with data burst and can serve switching center (MSC) or other interelements of network send general Payload (such as SMS, position-location server, OTASP) network mobile.System utilizes this point transmitting GSM information between network and mobile radio station end-to-endly, and does not need that CDMA BSC or BTS are had any change.
In the network shown in Fig. 2 is arranged, be used to transmit the ADDS message of GSM switch data, such as from MSC by timing information and the verify data of BSC to mobile radio station.Mobile radio station uses so-called MAP (mobile application protocol) message to transmit the MSCg of switch data in the GSM network then.This need carry out less change to MSCg, so that it can explain the data in the MAP message, and correspondingly controls mobile radio station.Certainly the method for other transmission data also is fine.
When the border of mobile radio station at CDMA and gsm system (for example in the C2A of sub-district and near sub-district C2B), mobile radio station begins handoff procedure by sending message back to MSCc, and the situation that this message informing MSCc is such moves and should be switched to gsm system.
The cell data base (not shown) can be as the part of handoff procedure.This database is used on the GSM network information of necessity is offered mobile radio station, thereby it can realize the switching between CDMA MSC and GSM, as needs.
In gsm system, there is two types switching available, promptly synchronously with asynchronous.Simple in order to realize, more be partial to asynchronous switching.Therefore mobile radio station is apprised of switching can be asynchronous switching for GSM.After mobile radio station had received switching command, mobile radio station at first sent several access bursts to GSM base station controller BSC g, received back MAP up to it and switched message, and this message is sent back to CDMA MSC, so that can generate the GSM verify data and be provided for mobile radio station.GSM has the process of asynchronous switching, has data burst and can help BSCg to obtain the timing of mobile radio station.Therefore ADDS message comprise ' action time ' message, indicates the special time that switching will take place.In case have only these data to be received, mobile radio station just can begin normal transmission.
Another problem of switching between CDMA and GSM is that two kinds of diverse ways and key are used in CDMA and GSM authentication.Authentication method in GSM and the CDMA 1X is basic identical, but the cipher key size difference.CDMA 1X has additional process, and such as unique inquire response and technical method, this correspondingly prevents information abduction and replay attack.For the CDMA physical layer that will use in gsm system, the GSM authentication method is replied on the CDMA physical layer and is reused.This has offered system two kinds of dissimilar authentication centers of unnecessary support, two types the benefit of SIM card.
Verification process comprises the exchange between a series of systems and mobile radio station.System sends unpredictable several RAND to mobile radio station.Next step, mobile radio station result of calculation SRES, the signature of the RAND number that is otherwise known as, the algorithm of use is called as the A3 algorithm.The A3 algorithm uses RAND and single subscriber's authenticate key Ki to calculate SRES.Subscriber's authenticate key Ki is assigned with when user's booking service first, and is stored in the Home Location Register (HLR) of SIM (subscriber identity module) card and system.Ki is the private cipher key in encrypting, and therefore is not sent out on network.Finally, mobile radio station sends signature SRES to system, and it is through validity test at this.
Use and verification process that it should be noted that encryption key are independent of handoff procedure.Fig. 4 of accompanying drawing illustrates how authentication realizes in GSM MSC.Authenticate key in the GSM is called as Ki, and is 128 bit long.Network generates random number (RAND), and its length also is 128 bits.RAND and Ki are transfused to the A3 algorithm, and this algorithm is from input data computation 32 bit result (SRES).The RAND number also is sent to mobile radio station on the message aloft.In gsm system, each mobile radio station comprises smart card, promptly so-called SIM (subscriber identity module) card.The standard SIM order that is used to authenticate is stipulated in GSM 11.11.These instructions only just are allowed to carry out when they do not disturb with the correct function of GSM application.If SIM is removed from mobile radio station in calling, then calls out and ended immediately, as GSM 11.11 definition.
SIM in the mobile radio station is also by using the A3 algorithm to the RAND number that receives with the copy of the Ki of this locality storage.Result calculated should be identical with the SRES of network calculations.Therefore SRES sends to network by mobile radio station as a result, in the SRES of network place and network calculations value relatively.If two SRES values are identical, then mobile radio station is accredited as really.In the system of Fig. 2, the RAND number uses ADDS message to be sent out on the interface aloft, and SRES is sent back to as a result.
The value of SRES also is used to be called in the algorithm of A8 to calculate 64 bit encryption or encryption key Kc.SIM in the mobile radio station arrives the CDMA physical layer with the Kc cipher key application that GSM authentication and cryptographic algorithm generate, with the privately owned Long Code Mask that replaces generally using CDMA CAVE algorithm to generate.The Kc key of 64 bits is mapped on the privately owned long code of 42 bits uniquely, and the basis of therefore conduct " privately owned Long Code Mask " is to provide speech security.Privately owned Long Code Mask by CDMA message through transmitting, and to its explanation with it from the generation of CAVE algorithm do not have different.Use can keep unique authentication center and unique SIM type to the method system that makes of this speech security in mixed C DMA/GSM network.
GSM realizes encrypting on the frame level.Each frame uses frame number and 64 bit Kc keys to encrypt, this key such as the derivation of discussing with reference to figure 4.This frame number and Kc mask are used each frame, in CDMA 1X system, encrypt and use the privately owned long code of 42 bits to realize.In the hybrid system of Fig. 2, the Kc key is used to derive the privately owned Long Code Mask of 42 bits, and a mapping algorithm is realized mapping between Kc and privately owned long code.This is mapped in the MSCc realizes MSC tells simply which privately owned long code BSC uses.
The ADDS operation makes can carry out transparent service transmission between land network element (for example MSC, SMS, PDC) and mobile radio station.System uses this operation transmission of authentication information RAND to transmit back MSC to MS and with SRES.The operation of ADDS message is from MSCc to BSCc, and the permission data are sent out back mobile radio station on paging channel.ADDS transmission operation is from BSCc to MSCc, and the permission data send to network from mobile radio station at access channel.ADDS transmits operation from MSCc to BSCc, or BSCc is to MSCc, and the permission data are sent out on traffic channel between mobile radio station and network.The ADDS parameter is defined as " ADDS User Part ", and this comprises " data burst type " of 6 bits, and this 6 bit indicates the form of application data message.ADDS manipulates ADDS User Part parameter to comprise the service-specific data.Authentication operation uses the ADDS User Part to carry verify data.The system of describing uses new data burst type, and " GSM-MAP authentication " by name, it is correspondingly explained by mobile radio station.
It should be noted that example embodiment can realize when the database of information or this database that exist storage to belong to verification process at receiving terminal when receiving terminal is visited.The processor of example embodiment can be used to realize an encipherment scheme with a side, realize another encipherment scheme with the opposing party.The basic realization of example embodiment can not need to realize to the physical connection of intermediary resources, because send by wireless media with communicating by letter of minute evolution.
Those skilled in the art is further appreciated that can realizing with electronic hardware, computer software or both combinations in conjunction with the described various illustrative logical blocks of the embodiments described herein, module, circuit and algorithm steps of disclosing here.For the interchangeability of hardware and software clearly is described, as various illustrative assemblies, square frame, module, circuit and the step 1 according to its functional elaboration.These are functional realizes specific application and the design constraint of depending on that whole system adopts as hardware or software actually.The technical staff can know the interchangeability of hardware and software in these cases.As an example, the various illustrative embodiment that are used in this disclose bright property logical block, flow chart, the realization of window and step or execution can realize in hardware or software or carry out, enumerate below the use to realize function described here, comprising: application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) (ASIC), programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components is such as the register in the FIFO, carry out the firmware instructions collection and processor, any conventional programmable software and processor, field programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device or any above combination.General processor is microprocessor preferably, yet or, processor can be processor, controller, microcontroller or the state machine of any routine.Software module can reside at RAM memory, quickflashing (flash) memory, ROM memory, eprom memory, eeprom memory, register, hard disk, displacement disc, CD-ROM, DVD-ROM, register or any other magnetic or optical storage media.Those skilled in the art are appreciated that information and signal may use various science and technology and technology to represent.For example, data, instruction, order, information, signal, bit, code element and the chip that may relate in the above-mentioned explanation preferably represented by voltage, circuit, electromagnetic wave, magnetic field or its particle, light field or its particle or their combination in any.
The description of above preferred embodiment makes those skilled in the art can make or use the present invention.The various modifications of these embodiment are conspicuous for a person skilled in the art, and Ding Yi General Principle can be applied among other embodiment and not use creativity here.Therefore, the embodiment that the present invention is not limited to illustrate here, and will meet and the principle and the novel feature the most wide in range consistent scope that disclose here.
Claims (16)
1. in an intrasystem a kind of method, this system has a mobile radio station, be subjected to first move in first cellular communication system of exchange control station control first base station be subjected to second second base station of moving in the second different cellular communication system of exchange control station control, it is characterized in that this method comprises:
For mobile radio station generates an encryption key, used by mobile radio station in communication period in second cellular communication system, described encryption key is to be generated from the random number that the private cipher key and second cellular communication system of the mobile radio station of distributing to second cellular communication system generates by mobile radio station;
Encryption key is passed to first cellular communication system; And
In first cellular communication system,, generate the privately owned long code of using by mobile radio station for mobile radio station in communication period.
2. the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that first cellular communication system comprises the channel that is used for Data transmission between first cellular communication system and mobile radio station, and wherein said method comprises also and uses this channel that is used to transmit data to send to first cellular communication system encryption key.
3. method as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that described channel is a paging channel.
4. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that first cellular communication system comprises first base station of moving the control of exchange control station by first, and second cellular communication system comprises second base station of moving the control of exchange control station by second, it is characterized in that:
Measure the parameter of the signal that sends by described first base station at the mobile radio station place;
Measure the parameter of the signal that sends by described second base station at the mobile radio station place;
When parameter arrives predetermined condition, will be delivered to described first from the signal quality message of mobile radio station by first base station and move the exchange control station;
Be second to move the exchange control station and move the exchange control station first and generate the information be used for channel request message;
To be delivered to described mobile radio station from described first information that moves the exchange control station;
From from first move the exchange control station information mobile radio station be second move the exchange control station generate a channel request message; And
To be delivered to second from the channel request message of mobile radio station and move the exchange control station.
5. method as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that also being included in second and moves exchange control station place's generation channel information, is the intrasystem channel of moving station mark second communication.
6. method as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that also comprising be based upon described mobile unit with through the sign channel in described second base station between communicate by letter.
7. method as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that also comprising and ends communicating by letter between described mobile unit and described first base station.
8. method as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that described parameter is corresponding to signal strength signal intensity.
9. method as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that described first cellular communication system is a cdma system.
10. method as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that described second cellular communication system is a gsm system.
11. a mobile radio station is characterized in that comprising:
The transmitting-receiving chain is used for receiving and the transmission signal with the base station in cellular communication system; And
One controller is used for:
The random number that reception is generated by cellular communication system; And
For mobile radio station generates encryption key, for the communication period of mobile radio station in cellular communication system used, described encryption key is from being the mobile radio station private cipher key that distributes and the random number generation that receives of second cellular communication system.
12. at an intrasystem a kind of device, this system has a mobile radio station, be subjected to first move in first cellular communication system of exchange control station control first base station be subjected to second second base station of moving in the second different cellular communication system of exchange control station control, it is characterized in that this device comprises:
Be used to mobile radio station to generate the device of an encryption key, described encryption key communication period in second cellular communication system is used by mobile radio station, and described encryption key is to be generated from the random number that the private cipher key and second cellular communication system of the mobile radio station of distributing to second cellular communication system generates by mobile radio station;
Be used for encryption key is passed to the device of first cellular communication system; And
Be used for the communication period in first cellular communication system, generate the device of the privately owned long code of using by mobile radio station for mobile radio station.
13. device as claimed in claim 12, it is characterized in that first cellular communication system comprises a channel, be used for transferring data between first cellular communication system and mobile radio station, and wherein said device comprises that also the channel that is used to transmit data sends to encryption key in the device of first cellular communication system.
14. device as claimed in claim 13 is characterized in that channel is a paging channel.
15. device as claimed in claim 12 is characterized in that described first cellular communication system is a cdma system.
16. device as claimed in claim 15 is characterized in that described second cellular communication system is a gsm system.
Applications Claiming Priority (8)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US34075501P | 2001-12-07 | 2001-12-07 | |
| US60/340,755 | 2001-12-07 | ||
| US35040102P | 2002-01-17 | 2002-01-17 | |
| US60/350,401 | 2002-01-17 | ||
| US10/077,502 | 2002-02-14 | ||
| US10/077,502 US6594489B2 (en) | 2001-12-07 | 2002-02-14 | Method and apparatus for effecting handoff between different cellular communications systems |
| US35849102P | 2002-02-19 | 2002-02-19 | |
| US60/358,491 | 2002-02-19 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1618241A CN1618241A (en) | 2005-05-18 |
| CN1290346C true CN1290346C (en) | 2006-12-13 |
Family
ID=27491347
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB028275241A Expired - Fee Related CN1290346C (en) | 2001-12-07 | 2002-12-05 | Apparatus and method of using a ciphering key in a hybrid communications network |
Country Status (13)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1464190A4 (en) |
| JP (2) | JP2005512471A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR101036699B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1290346C (en) |
| AR (1) | AR037759A1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2002351302B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR0214690A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2468938A1 (en) |
| HK (1) | HK1074959A1 (en) |
| IL (1) | IL162359A0 (en) |
| MX (1) | MXPA04005487A (en) |
| TW (1) | TWI272020B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2003051072A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TWI751433B (en) * | 2019-08-19 | 2022-01-01 | 中華電信股份有限公司 | Secure communication key negotiation method |
Families Citing this family (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9100457B2 (en) | 2001-03-28 | 2015-08-04 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Method and apparatus for transmission framing in a wireless communication system |
| US8121296B2 (en) | 2001-03-28 | 2012-02-21 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Method and apparatus for security in a data processing system |
| US8077679B2 (en) | 2001-03-28 | 2011-12-13 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Method and apparatus for providing protocol options in a wireless communication system |
| US7352868B2 (en) | 2001-10-09 | 2008-04-01 | Philip Hawkes | Method and apparatus for security in a data processing system |
| US7649829B2 (en) | 2001-10-12 | 2010-01-19 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Method and system for reduction of decoding complexity in a communication system |
| US7599655B2 (en) | 2003-01-02 | 2009-10-06 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Method and apparatus for broadcast services in a communication system |
| US8098818B2 (en) * | 2003-07-07 | 2012-01-17 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Secure registration for a multicast-broadcast-multimedia system (MBMS) |
| US8718279B2 (en) | 2003-07-08 | 2014-05-06 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Apparatus and method for a secure broadcast system |
| US8724803B2 (en) | 2003-09-02 | 2014-05-13 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Method and apparatus for providing authenticated challenges for broadcast-multicast communications in a communication system |
| BRPI0513345B1 (en) | 2004-07-14 | 2018-02-06 | Qualcomm Incorporated | METHOD AND EQUIPMENT FOR DELIVERING KEYS |
| GB2417399B (en) * | 2004-08-12 | 2007-04-25 | Samsung Electronics Co Ltd | Reconfigurable key search engine |
| CN101288260A (en) | 2005-01-27 | 2008-10-15 | 美商内数位科技公司 | Method and system for deriving an encryption key using jointrandomness not shared by others |
| WO2006102565A2 (en) * | 2005-03-23 | 2006-09-28 | Nortel Networks Limited | Optimized derivation of handover keys in mobile ipv6 |
| JP4781980B2 (en) * | 2006-11-29 | 2011-09-28 | 京セラ株式会社 | Wireless communication apparatus and wireless communication method |
| GB2472580A (en) | 2009-08-10 | 2011-02-16 | Nec Corp | A system to ensure that the input parameter to security and integrity keys is different for successive LTE to UMTS handovers |
| DK3490218T3 (en) * | 2013-01-30 | 2020-08-24 | Ericsson Telefon Ab L M | GENERATION OF DOUBLE CONNECTIVITY SECURITY KEY |
| US9591587B2 (en) * | 2014-05-07 | 2017-03-07 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Maximum pathloss measurement for broadcast communication |
Family Cites Families (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5697055A (en) * | 1994-10-16 | 1997-12-09 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Method and apparatus for handoff between different cellular communications systems |
| US5673259A (en) * | 1995-05-17 | 1997-09-30 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Random access communications channel for data services |
| US5778075A (en) * | 1996-08-30 | 1998-07-07 | Telefonaktiebolaget, L.M. Ericsson | Methods and systems for mobile terminal assisted handover in an private radio communications network |
| JPH11231773A (en) * | 1998-02-10 | 1999-08-27 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Cryptographic strength evaluating device |
| KR100275447B1 (en) * | 1998-06-18 | 2000-12-15 | 이계철 | Updata method of key generation function and associated secret keys for wireless communications |
| WO2000024139A1 (en) | 1998-10-21 | 2000-04-27 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Encryption support in a hybrid gsm/cdma network |
| KR100299058B1 (en) * | 1998-12-08 | 2001-09-06 | 이계철 | Method for detecting terminal cloning using a call history count where a smart card is selected in mobile communication |
| FI105964B (en) * | 1998-12-16 | 2000-10-31 | Nokia Networks Oy | A method for managing mobile communications |
| WO2001020925A2 (en) | 1999-09-10 | 2001-03-22 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) | System and method of passing encryption keys after inter-exchange handoff |
| US7668315B2 (en) * | 2001-01-05 | 2010-02-23 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Local authentication of mobile subscribers outside their home systems |
| US20020146127A1 (en) * | 2001-04-05 | 2002-10-10 | Marcus Wong | System and method for providing secure communications between wireless units using a common key |
-
2002
- 2002-12-05 EP EP02786950A patent/EP1464190A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2002-12-05 CA CA002468938A patent/CA2468938A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-12-05 BR BR0214690-8A patent/BR0214690A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-12-05 CN CNB028275241A patent/CN1290346C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-12-05 IL IL16235902A patent/IL162359A0/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-12-05 JP JP2003552012A patent/JP2005512471A/en active Pending
- 2002-12-05 MX MXPA04005487A patent/MXPA04005487A/en active IP Right Grant
- 2002-12-05 KR KR1020047008761A patent/KR101036699B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-12-05 AU AU2002351302A patent/AU2002351302B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2002-12-05 WO PCT/US2002/039209 patent/WO2003051072A1/en active Application Filing
- 2002-12-06 TW TW091135437A patent/TWI272020B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-12-09 AR ARP020104764A patent/AR037759A1/en active IP Right Grant
-
2005
- 2005-08-18 HK HK05107176A patent/HK1074959A1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2011
- 2011-07-15 JP JP2011156794A patent/JP2011229185A/en active Pending
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TWI751433B (en) * | 2019-08-19 | 2022-01-01 | 中華電信股份有限公司 | Secure communication key negotiation method |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| TWI272020B (en) | 2007-01-21 |
| AU2002351302B2 (en) | 2008-01-31 |
| BR0214690A (en) | 2004-11-30 |
| JP2011229185A (en) | 2011-11-10 |
| HK1074959A1 (en) | 2005-11-25 |
| TW200306125A (en) | 2003-11-01 |
| CA2468938A1 (en) | 2003-06-19 |
| EP1464190A1 (en) | 2004-10-06 |
| EP1464190A4 (en) | 2009-12-30 |
| KR20050044738A (en) | 2005-05-12 |
| AU2002351302A1 (en) | 2003-06-23 |
| AR037759A1 (en) | 2004-12-01 |
| WO2003051072A1 (en) | 2003-06-19 |
| IL162359A0 (en) | 2005-11-20 |
| CN1618241A (en) | 2005-05-18 |
| KR101036699B1 (en) | 2011-05-24 |
| MXPA04005487A (en) | 2004-12-06 |
| JP2005512471A (en) | 2005-04-28 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN1290346C (en) | Apparatus and method of using a ciphering key in a hybrid communications network | |
| CN101374352B (en) | Handoff in a hybrid communication network | |
| JP4608830B2 (en) | Mobile communication system, communication control method, mobile terminal used therefor, and control method therefor | |
| JP5108054B2 (en) | Handoff in hybrid communication networks | |
| CN101366306B (en) | Method and apparatus for multiplexing multiple reverse feedback channels in multi-carrier wireless networks | |
| US10154441B2 (en) | Mobile communication method and radio base station | |
| CN1586084A (en) | Method and apparatus for providing immediate ciphering after an inter-system UTRAN-GSM handover | |
| US20030109256A1 (en) | Method and apparatus for effecting handoff between different cellular communications systems | |
| CN102077645A (en) | Method and system for the common management of communication resources in a telecommunications network having distinct communication resources pools | |
| US7039407B2 (en) | Method and system for determining a value of a first counter of a wireless communication system serving a user station which moves at a time of handover | |
| CN100473000C (en) | Authentication in a hybrid communications network | |
| CN1640177B (en) | Method and device for improving quality of service management in a mobile packet radio communication cellular system | |
| CN101998619A (en) | Cell update method and system | |
| CN1615040A (en) | Method and communicating system for landing telecommunicating system of wireless terminal |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: HK Ref legal event code: DE Ref document number: 1074959 Country of ref document: HK |
|
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20061213 Termination date: 20141205 |
|
| EXPY | Termination of patent right or utility model |