TW200306125A - Apparatus and method of using a ciphering key in a hybrid communications network - Google Patents

Abstract

A method of using a ciphering key in a mobile station from a first base station in a first cellular cornmunications system controlled by a first mobile switching control station to a second base station in a second, different cellular system controlled by a second mobile switching control station is described. The method comprises generating for the mobile station a cipher key for use by the mobile station during communication in the second cellular communications system. The cipher key is generated by the mobile station from a private key assigned to the mobile station for the second cellular communications system and from a random number generated by the second cellular communications system. The cipher key is then communicated to the first mobile system and a private long code is generated for use by the mobile station during communication in the first cellular communications system.

Description

(2) (2) 200306125 Description of invention (The description of invention should state: the technical field to which the invention belongs, the prior art, the content, the embodiments and the simple description of the drawings) Related applications This application claims the priority of the US temporary patent application Right, the invention name of this provisional application is `` Method and Apparatus for Effecting Handoff Between Different Cellular Communications Systems 丨 '' ', serial number 60/3 40,75 5, filed on December 7, 2001; claim the priority of the US project application , The invention name of this application is "Method And Apparatus For Effecting Handoff Between Different Cellular Communications Systems,", serial number 10 / 077,502, filed on February 14, 2002; and the United States provisional patent application, the invention name is "GSM" Authentication, Encryption and Other Feature Support in a CDMA lx Network Using a GSM-lx 乂 8 (: ", serial number 60/35 0,40 1, filed on January 17, 2002. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION I. Scope of the Invention The present invention and its use The device and method for encrypting keys are related. II. The description of the related technique is called coded multidirectional proximity (CDMA) Modulation technology is just one of several technologies that help users of most systems communicate, although other technologies, such as time-division multidirectional proximity (TDMA), frequency-frequency multidirectional proximity (FDMA), and amplitude modulation (AM) Modulation methods, such as amplitude compression single-sided wave band (ACSSB), can be used, but CDMA technology has great advantages over other modulation technologies. In multi-directional proximity communication systems, CDMA technology is disclosed in the United States Patent No. No. 4,90 1,3 07, named, Spread Spectrum Multiple Access Communication System Using Satellite Or 200306125 (3) Description of the Invention Continued

"Terrestrial Repeaters" refers to the assignee of the present invention, which is incorporated herein by reference. A multi-directional proximity technique for most mobile phone system users is described in US Patent No. 4,901,307. Stated, each system has a transceiver that uses coded multi-directional short-range (CDMA) spread spectrum communication signals, via satellite repeaters or terrestrial base stations (such as well-known units) Base station or base station) for communication. When using CDMA communication, the frequency spectrum can be reused many times. Therefore, the capacity of the system user is allowed to increase. The use of CDMA technology produces more than other technologies that use multi-directional proximity to achieve the purpose. And the high spectral efficiency. The frequency band obtained in the well-known cellular telephone system is to divide the frequency bandwidth into 30 KHz channels. At the same time, using similar frequency modulation (FM) technology, the system service area is also divided into For cells of different sizes, the available frequency channels are subdivided into sets, and each set usually contains These same channels are assigned to the unit in such a way as to minimize the possibility of co-channel interference. For example, consider a system with seven frequency sets, and the units have the same hexagon ( hexagons) size. A frequency used in a unit will not be used in the six closest or surrounding neighbors of the unit 'in addition' the frequency set in a unit will not be used In the twelve nearest closest points of the unit. In the familiar cellular system, when the mobile station meets the boundary between the two units, the method of performing handoff is mainly to provide a call or It is another form of continuous connection (that is, data link). When the base station of the unit's base station 20030625 (4) Invention page handles the call or connection, it will start to deliver from one unit to another. It is worth noting that the signal strength received by the mobile station will fall below a predetermined threshold, a low signal strength indicator reading (indication ) Means that the mobile station must be closer to the unit's border. When the signal level falls below a predetermined threshold, the base station will ask the system controller to determine whether the signal from the mobile station received by the neighboring base station is It has better signal strength than the current base station. The system controller will respond to the query of the current base station and send a message with a delivery request to the neighboring base station. The base station adjacent to the current base station uses a special scan. The receiver searches for a signal from the mobile station on a specified channel, and one of the neighboring base stations reports an appropriate signal level to the system controller, and then attempts a transmission action. When an idle channel in the channel set of the new base station is selected, handover will begin, a control message will be sent to the mobile station, and it will be commanded to switch from the current channel to the new channel, while the system controller The call will be switched from the first base station to the second base station. In the well-known system, if the handover of the new base station is unsuccessful, the call will be interrupted. There are many possible reasons for the error during the handover. When the call is being communicated, if the neighboring unit does not obtain an interval, Idle channel, the delivery will be wrong. In fact, when the base station is in a completely different unit, when using the same channel to hear different mobile stations, if another base station reports a problem with the mobile station heard, / Delivery will also occur / error, this wrong return will cause the call to switch to the wrong unit, its signal strength to maintain communication is not satisfied, and the line 200306125 invention description continued page (5) dynamic The station will not be able to hear the instruction to switch channels, so handover errors will occur. Actual operating experience shows that handover errors often occur on system reliability issues. As the mobile station approaches the border between the two units, another common problem occurs in general telephone systems. In this case, the semaphores at the two base stations will fluctuate, and the fluctuations in the semaphores will lead to a "ping-ponging" situation, that is, the call is between the two base stations. Repeated requests are executed back and forth. This unnecessary handover requirement increases the possibility that the mobile station may incorrectly hear the switching command or hear all the wrong commands. In addition, if all channels currently used are accidentally transferred to In a unit, the situation of ping pong ball will cause the possibility of call interruption, so the approved transmission action will be unavailable. In US Patent No. 5,101,501, named " Method And System For Providing A Soft Handoff In Communications In A CDMA Cellular Telephone System '', assigned to the trustee of the present invention, this open article will be included here as a reference, which proposes to pass through more cell base stations during the delivery Provides a method and system for communication with mobile stations. In the environment of a cellular system, continuous communication can be performed by communicating with the unit of an existing mobile station. The corresponding base station is handed over to the base station corresponding to the unit that joined the mobile station. The form of transmission can be considered as a π soft "handover" for communication, that is, between the base station of the unit and two or more Multiple mobile base stations or some base stations transmit to mobile stations simultaneously. This "pi-soft" delivery technology has been found to greatly reduce the impact of table tennis conditions, that is, repeating the delivery requirements between a group of base stations. 200306125 (6) Identification of an improved soft delivery The technology is disclosed in U.S. Patent No.

No. 5,267,26 No. 1, named, 'Mobile Station Assisted Soft Handoff In A CDMA Cellular Communications System', is assigned to the trustee of the present invention, and this open article will be incorporated herein by reference, this soft transmission The technology is improved by measuring the intensity of the "pilot" signal transmitted by each base station in the system on a mobile station. The measurement of these indicator strengths is made by enabling the base station to transmit candidates. The identity is easier, which is helpful for the soft transmission method. A handover technique to improve softness requires the mobile station to monitor the signal strength of a pilot signal from a nearby base station, and when the measured signal strength exceeds a predetermined

When the I threshold is reached, the mobile station will send a signal strength message to the system controller through the base station through the communicating mobile station, the system controller will direct the message to the new base station, and direct the mobile station through the new and The current base station establishes communication at the same time. When the mobile station 'detects the signal strength corresponding to at least one base station' through the mobile station falling below a predetermined amount and is communicating, the mobile station passes the ongoing The report from the base station indicates the signal strength measured by the corresponding base station to the system controller. The system controller directs the message to the confirmed base station ', and the mobile station will terminate communication through the corresponding base station, and at the same time communicate through other base stations or continuous base stations. Although the previous technology is suitable for call transfer between units of the same cellular system, a more difficult situation, the unit served by moving the mobile station to the base station of another cellular system will propose 'a kind of, The complicated factor of intersystem " handover is the adjacent cell type. 200306125 ΠΛI invention shows that the performance page system often has different characteristics. For example, adjacent cell type systems often operate at different frequencies and maintain different The actual output power of the base station or the indication intensity, these actual differences prevent the mobile station from comparing the indication intensity, and also cover the current mobile-assisted soft handover technology. When resources are not available to manage soft system handovers, if continuous services continue to be maintained, the time to transfer calls or the connection from one system to another will become critical, that is, Handover between systems is likely to be performed at that time, resulting in successful transfer of calls or connection between systems. Such a handover is referred to herein as hard handover, mobile station and a 1 system Inter-communication must be stopped before the mobile station can communicate with other systems. The following should be attempted, for example: (i) Obtain an idle channel in the new unit; (ii) The mobile station is really within the range of the new unit base station, but has not previously been in contact with the current unit base station Contact; and (iii) the mobile station is determined to be in a position to receive an instruction to switch channels. Ideally, each such rigid system handover will be handled in a way that minimizes this possible "ping-pong ball" handover requirement between base stations of different systems. However, due to the It is difficult to identify errors in the current handover procedure, so the mobile station must provide new frequency and channel information and instruct the transfer of existing calls or connections. The shortcomings of these current inter-system handover technologies reduce the quality of cellular communication, and it is expected that when the competing cellular system 200306125 (8) Mingming said that the continuation page continued to spread, the performance would be further reduced, so, There is a need to determine the inter-system handover technology, which has the ability to reliably command the handover of calls or to connect base stations between different cellular communication systems. U.S. Patent No. 5,697,055, named `` Mobile Station Assisted Soft Handoff In A CDMA Cellular Communications System, '' is assigned to the trustee of the present invention, and this publication is incorporated herein by reference, which describes a method of implementation and implementation Method and system for transmitting communication between mobile station systems between base stations of first and second cell systems. On the mobile station, a measurable signal parameter is measured and transmitted by the second base station of the second system. When the measured measurable parameter passes the first predetermined amount, the mobile station sends a signal quality message to the first mobile switching console via the first base station of the first system. Then a channel requests the message from the first mobile The switching console is transmitted to the second mobile switching console in the second system. On the second base station, a measurable signal parameter is measured and received by the mobile station. When the measured measurable parameter passes a predetermined decision, Communication between the second base station and the mobile station, and the signal of the first indication signal The intensity is transmitted by the first base station after it is measured on the mobile station. When the measured signal strength of the first indicator signal becomes less than the second predetermined amount, it sends a cross_ 妾 求 信息 到The second base station thus establishes the communication of the mobile station. The requirement of the sound link between the mobile switching consoles provides a forward connection of the current connection between the first and second cellular systems and completes the flexibility Handover between systems. When both systems are scheduled to work with CDMA and both have the 2003002125 _ (9) The invention describes the ability to transfer the continuation page softly, how to handle the handover between systems The problem is that one or more systems cannot perform such handover. For example, this type of GSM standard does not have a soft transmission mechanism, so the air interface from CDMA network to GSM network is used for handover. There is a problem when handing the call. In addition, GSM authentication cannot be performed. V Because the CDMA 2000 mechanism cannot transfer the required data for GSM authentication, and Encryption on GSM is more difficult than encryption on CDMA 2000. One way to deal with this problem is to modify GSM so that it can be effectively transmitted to non-GSM systems, such as CDMA systems. However, GSM is now established For a long time, and in order to adapt to incompatible systems, the operator does not want to make expensive modifications to the existing equipment. If new information is added to the air interface under the dual-mode mobile platform, it must be performed. Revised to support these new messages, it's clear that this is annoying from an operational point of view.

Another problem that deals with the transmission between CDMA and GSM systems is that CDMA and GSM authentication use two different methods and keys. The authentication methods of GSM and CDMA 1X are basically the same, but the keys have different sizes. CDMA IX has procedures, such as the only challenge and count methods, which are to prevent channel hijacking and replay attacks, respectively. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention addresses the issues discussed above. According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for using a password in a mobile station. -13- 200306125 Invention Description Continued (ίο)

Key method, which controls the first base station of the first cellular communication system to the second base station of the second cellular communication system from the first mobile switching console, and controls different cells for the second mobile switching console System is described. The method includes the mobile station using a cryptographic key generated by the mobile station during communication with the second cellular communication system. The cryptographic key is a private key generated by the mobile station from the mobile station allocated to the second cellular communication system and Generated from the random number generated by the second cellular communication system, and then the first mobile station uses a cryptographic key to communicate, and the mobile station uses a private long generated by the mobile station during the communication of the first cell communication system. Code (private long code).

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a mobile station including: a transceiver chain that can be used to receive and transmit base station signals in a first cellular communication system; and generating a mobile station The cryptographic key enables the mobile station to use it during the communication of the cellular communication system. The cryptographic key is generated by the private key assigned to the cellular communication system and the random number received. Therefore, in practice, the present invention does not require significant modification of the GSM mobile service switching center (MSC). One method for enabling the physical layer of CDMA to be used in the GSM system is to reuse the GSM authentication method on the CDMA physical layer, which provides the system. There is no need to support the benefits of two types of authentication centers, two types of SIM cards, and so on. The above and further features of the present invention are particularly proposed in the scope of additional patent applications, and their advantages will become clearer through the detailed description of the following specific embodiment examples of the present invention and the accompanying drawings. -14- 200306125 (11) The description of the achievement sheet is briefly described in these diagrams: Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a cellular system; Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the boundary between two cellular systems; Figure 3 is a double Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a dual mode mobile station; Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of data exchange in a GSM system; and Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a single mode mobile station. Detailed description of a specific embodiment of the present invention FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of an example of a cellular telephone system. The illustrated system can use any of different multi-directional proximity modulation techniques to enable a greater number of system mobile stations or mobile phones and Base stations are easier to communicate. The technology of such a multidirectional proximity communication system includes: time-division multidirectional proximity (tDMA), frequency-frequency multidirectional proximity (FDMA), coded multidirectional proximity (CDMA), and amplitude modulation (AM) modulation Methods, such as amplitude compression of single-sided bands. The spread spectrum modulation technology of CDMA is disclosed in the above-referenced U.S. Patent No. 4,910,307, which has a great advantage over other modulation technologies in a multi-directional proximity communication system, so it is proposed . In the CDMA system, each base station transmits a unique indication signal, which includes transmission of " pilot carrier " on the corresponding indication channel. The indication signal is unmodulated and directly The sequence and spread-spectrum signals are all transmitted by a station that uses ordinary virtual random noise (PN) expansion coding. The indicator signal provides a mobile station to obtain the initial system synchronization, that is, time, and also provides consistency The phase reference of the demodulation and the reference for the determination of the transmitted signal strength are determined by each base 200306125 (12) Description of the invention The signal transmitted on the platform often has the same PN code, but has different Offset of code phase.

In the system of FIG. 1, the system controller and switcher, also referred to as a mobile switching center (MSC), includes an interface and a processing circuit that provides system control for a plurality of base stations 1, 2, 4 and 16 (and (Not shown), the controller also controls the telephone call route (routing) from the public switched telephone network (PSTN) to the appropriate base station transmitted to the appropriate mobile station, and the controller also controls The call route from the base station to the PSTN via at least one base station. Since such a mobile station does not directly communicate with another mobile station, the controller 10 can directly call among mobile users through an appropriate base station.

The controller 10 can be connected to the base station through various devices, such as a dedicated telephone line, a fiber optic link, or a microwave communication link. In FIG. 1, three exemplary base stations 12, M, and 16 and an exemplary mobile station 18 (including a cell phone) will be described. Arrows 20a and 2 Ob illustrate base stations 12 and Possible communication links between mobile station 18, arrows 2 2 a and 2 2 b illustrate possible communication links between base station 14 and mobile station 18, similarly, arrows 24a and 24b illustrate the base station Possible communication link between 16 and mobile station 18. The area or unit served by the base station is designed in a geographical state, so that the mobile station can usually be closer to the base station. When the mobile station is idle, that is, no call is made, the mobile station will continuously monitor The transmission of the indication signal of each nearby base station, as described in Figure 1, the indication signal will be transmitted on the communication links 20b, 2 2 b, and 2 4 b through the base stations 12, 14 and 16, respectively. Go to mobile station 18, and then the mobile station will compare the strength of the indicator signal transmitted by these particular base stations from -16-200306125_ (13) to determine which unit the signal is in.

In the example illustrated in FIG. 1, mobile station 18 can be regarded as the closest to base station 16. When the mobile station starts a call, a control message will be transmitted to the closest base station, which is base station 1 here. 6. The base station 16 receives the call request message, sends a signal to the system controller 10, and transmits the call number, and then the system controller 10 will connect the call to the intended recipient via the PSTN. In case a call is initiated in the PSTN, the controller 10 will transmit the call information to all base stations in the area, and the answering base station sends a call message to the mobile station of the intended recipient. When the mobile station hears the call message It responds to a control message and sends it to the nearest base station. The control signal of the system controller enables the base station to communicate with the mobile station, and then the controller 10 arranges the call route to the mobile station via the nearest base station. .

In case mobile station 18 moves outside the convergence area of the original base station (that is, base station 16), it will try to arrange the call to pass through another base station to continue the call, and it will be implemented during the transmission process. The call is routed or a different method of routing through another base station. In the method for the base station to start the handover, the original base station, namely, the base station 16, informs the mobile station 18 that the signal transmitted will fall below a certain threshold, and then the base station 16 transmits A handover request is sent to the system controller 10, which forwards the request to the base station 16 and all adjacent base stations 12 and 14. The request sent by the controller contains channel-related information, which includes information transmitted by the mobile station 1. 8 used PN code sequence. Base stations 1 2 and 1 4 adjust the receiver to -17-200306125 Invention Sheet (14) This channel is used by mobile stations and digital technology is used to measure the signal strength. If one of the base stations 12 and 14 receivers As soon as a signal is returned that is stronger than the signal strength reported by the original base station, the handover is performed to that base station.

In addition, its own mobile station can start a handover called mobile assistance. Each base station sends an indication signal to identify it in other base stations. The mobile station is equipped with a search receiver, in addition to performing other In addition to the function, it is also used to scan the transmission of the indication signals of adjacent base stations 12 and 14. If one of the adjacent base stations 12 and 14 is found to be stronger than the predetermined threshold value , Then mobile station 18 will send a message of this result to the current base station 16.

A method of interaction between a mobile station and a base station that allows the mobile station to communicate through one or more base stations 12, 14, and 16. During this method, the mobile station identifies and measures the received indication signals. Signal strength. This information will be transmitted by the base station and the mobile station communicating with the MSC. The MSC starts or terminates the connection of the mobile base station according to the received information, so it will affect the delivery of mobile assistance. When the mobile station communicates through more than one base station at the same time, the previous procedure is also considered as a `` soft '' transfer. During the soft handover, the MSC can combine or select between signals. The signal While being movable between different units, it is received by each base station and the mobile unit in communication. In the same way, the MSC can reply signals from the PSTN to each base station and the mobile unit in communication. If the mobile station is located in the convergence area of two or more base stations and not in the same cellular system (also -18- 200306125 invention description page (15) is not controlled by the same MSC), the delivery of action assistance will be more complicated. A method for performing handover between base stations in different systems will be described with reference to FIG. 2, which represents the type of the outline of the cellular communication network 30, which includes the control of a CDMA mobile switching center MSCc. CDMA cellular system (such as IS-95 IX) and GSM cellular system under the control of a GSM mobile switching center MSCg. In Figure 2, representative base stations B1 A to B5A have been illustrated. , Respectively set in the range of the units Cl A to C5 A of the CDMA system, and the five base stations B1B to B5B are set respectively in the range of the units C1B to C5B of the GSM system. For the convenience of explanation, although the units C1A to C5A and C1B to C5B are represented in a circular manner, I should understand that those units can be designed in other ways, and the type will depend on the terrain and terrain of the area in which they are set. . The following C1A to C3A and C1B to C3B can be called "border" units, because these units are closer to the boundary between the first and second cellular systems. This design provides the remainder in each system. The unit of) can be called "internal π unit. The following description will refer to the mobile station, which has the ability to receive and respond to signals from the base station within the scope of the CDMA and GSM cellular systems. However, Carefully consider when using any type of communication system, such as CDMA One, CDMA 2000, CDMA 2000 lx, CDMA 3x, High Data Rate Principle (HDR), CDMA lxEV, CDMA 1XEVD0, TDMA, TDSCDMA, W-CDMA, GPRS, and Others. In the end, configure the mobile station with dual-band radios to have different operating frequencies of two cellular systems. 200306125 (16) Description of the invention Continued page Adjustable receiving circuit, a schematic diagram of such a mobile station In the accompanying Figure 3, as indicated there, the mobile station 40 includes a CDMA transmission and reception link (Chain) 46 and a GSM transmission and reception via a multiplexer 44 The antenna 4 2 of the channel 48, the transmission / reception links 46 and 48 are common CDMA and GSM systems, respectively, and the output of the link is appropriately demodulated and converted to the common base frequency circuit 50, and Receive the data transmitted by the baseband circuit 40. The transmit / receive links 46 and 48 are controlled by the controller 5 2 in these links, and respond to the control signals from the CDMA and GSM systems. Links are switched, therefore, in this specific embodiment, two links cannot operate at the same time, while in another implementation, two links can operate at the same time. In another implementation In the example, a mobile station with a single radio is configured to have a tunable reception link to one of two cellular systems. The outline of such a mobile station is shown in Figure 5 accompanying the figure, as shown in As indicated there, the mobile station 53 contains an antenna 54, a multiplexer 55 connected to the CDMA transmission and reception link 56 (if this is a CDMA phone), otherwise, the mobile station 53 will be connected to the GSM transmission and reception Link 5 7, the transmit / receive links 56 and 57 are For common CDMA and GSM systems, the link output is properly demodulated and converted to the common baseband circuit 5 8 and receives the data transmitted by the baseband circuit 58. The transmission / reception chain is not link 5. 6 is the link 57, which is controlled by the controller 59. Referring to Figure 2, the CDMA Mobile Switching Center (MSCc) controls the call from the public switched telephone network (PSTN) to the appropriate base station A to B5 A. Route to the designated base station, and the CDMA mobile switching center MSCc is also 20 · 200306125 Invention description title page (17) Controls the mobile station from the convergence area of the first cell system through at least one base station to the PSTN. Call route, CDMA mobile switching center MSCc operates in the same way to manage the operations of base stations B1B to B5B, and arrange call routes between PSTN and GSM cellular systems, control messages and similar messages through the data link in the system 3 4. Communication between MSCc and MSCg.

When the mobile station is set within the range of the internal unit of the CDMA system, the mobile station will be planned to listen to the indication signals transmitted by each nearby (internal and / or border) base station, and then the mobile station will compare the nearby base stations. The strength of the indicator signal transmitted by the station to determine which internal call, when the mobile station is close to the boundary of the internal unit, the handover of the mobile assistance can begin by referring to US Patent No. 5,267,261 described above.

There is a different situation when the mobile station is set in one of the boundary cells C 1 A to C3 A or C1B to C3B. For example, consider a case where the mobile station is set in cell C2A, but close to cell C2B, In this example, the mobile station can receive useful semaphores from the base station B2B, and then report back to the base station B2B and any other base stations that communicate with the mobile station. The useful signal quantity will be received by the determined action or base station by measuring one or more measurable parameters of the received signal (such as signal strength, signal-to-noise ratio, frame elimination rate). (Frame erasure rate, bit error rate, and / or relative time delay). This mechanism is similar to US Patent No. 5,697,055 described above. If both systems are CDMA systems, then the delivery mechanism described in US Patent No. 5,697,055 will be able to effectively achieve the unit C2A and unit-21- 200306125 (18) Invention description continued delivery between C2B, but there are One problem is that there is currently no mechanism for handing over calls from the CDMA network to the GSM network using the air interface, and the GSM authentication cannot be performed because the CDMA mechanism cannot transfer the required data for GSM authentication. Encryption in GSM is different from encryption in CDMA. If new messages are added to the air interface that supports dual-mode mobile stations, then it must be modified to support these new messages, which is annoying. The answer to this question is to use a message that generally contains instructions to enable the mobile station to transfer from the CDMA network to the GSM network. The general message must be able to transmit the required data to achieve GSM authentication and encryption, and more preferably other The supplementary features in GSM should also be supported by general information. On the other hand, the GSM protocol established in the current GSM system must be completely maintained in order to minimize any changes. Part of the handover operation includes establishing the identity of the subscriber, and once the remote father has completed, we must maintain the transmission of signals and the confidentiality of the data of the physical connection (password). The definition of these subscriber identity and the operational requirements have been established. Described in GSM 02.09. The authentication method can also be used to set a cryptographic key, so the authentication method will be performed after the network has established the identity of the phone user and before the channel is encrypted. In order to achieve its own authentication method and the management of authentication and encryption keys in the system , So the functionality of both networks is necessary. With this in mind, the idea of using tunnelling technology can work at any time (during delivery and non-delivery situations) and can be uni-directional or bi-directional. A type of wear-through technology is a message called Application Data Transfer Service (ADDS), and the short information is -22-200306125 (19) Invention Description The burst message obviously passes through the scope of the CDMA system and is generally not borrowed. The dual mode mobile station is checked by the GSM base station controller BSC. ADDS messages and data bursts of data (payload) are only available on the mobile service of the network: it is transmitted in other network components (such as SMS, OTASP), and the system uses it to transmit on the network and mobile station GSM information without the need for CDMA BSCc or changes. In the network configuration shown in Figure 2, ADDS messages are transferred data, such as from MSCc to BSCc to action and authentication data. The mobile station then uses what is called a mobile worship message to transport the MSCg that transfers the data to the GSM network. This makes some small changes to enable it to translate the MAP message and control the mobile station. Of course, other options for transferring data are also used by the mobile station. At the boundary between the CDMA and GSM systems (for example, in the unit C2B), the mobile station starts the delivery process by sending out, and the mobile station of the notified MSCc will deliver to the GSM system. A unit database (not shown) can be used for procedures. The database is used to provide a basic station in the GSM network, so it can be implemented between CDMA MSC and GSM. In the GSM system, two types can be used. The type of delivery, non-synchronous, easy to perform synchronous delivery is more popular. Mobile stations were informed that the delivery will have a synchronous delivery within GSM, GSM parameters, but must be provided by the use of a service center (MSC) Or the position server, between the end-to-end is BTSc to do anything to transport the time information of the GSM station] protocol (MAP) only needs the data of the MSCg and is feasible. C2A and close messages return to MSCc status, so that the behavioral part of the delivered information is transferred to the action. That is synchronous and, so the line. After the mobile station receives -23- 200306125 (20) I invented the sequence of receiving and delivering the performance pages, the mobile station first sent some access bursts to the GSM base station controller BSCg until it received a MAP transfer message behind it ( It will be passed back to the CDMA MSCc, enabling GSM authentication to take place and provided to the mobile station). GSM has a procedure for synchronous delivery and data burst, which helps BSCg get the time of the mobile station. Therefore, the ADDS message contains a "action time" message, that is, a specific time for the delivery to be designated, but once the data has been When received, the mobile station will begin normal transmission.

Another problem with the transfer between CDMA and GSM is that CDMA and GSM use two different methods and keys. The authentication methods in GSM and CDMA IX are basically the same, but the keys have different sizes. CDMA IX has Additional procedures such as unique challenge and calculation methods are used to prevent channel hijacking and retransmission attacks, respectively. The use of the CDMA physical layer in the GSM system does not require significant modifications to the GSM MSCg. The GSM authentication method should be reused on the CDMA physical layer. This provides the advantage of the system, that is, it is not necessary to support two different authentication centers. Type, two types of SIM cards, and so on. The authentication procedure consists of a series of exchanges between the system and the mobile station. The system transmits the unexpected number RAND to the mobile station, and then the mobile station calculates a result SRES, such as the signature of the well-known RAND number, which uses a Algorithm (such as A3 algorithm). The A3 algorithm uses RAND and a unique telephone user authentication key Ki to calculate the SRES. First, when the customer agrees to the service and stores it in the telephone user identity module (SIM) and the system's home-specific location register (HLR), it will The telephone user authenticates the key Ki for distribution. Ki is a private key during the encryption process and is never transmitted over the network. Finally, -24- 200306125 (21) Description of the invention Continuation page The mobile station sends the signature SRES to the system and tests Its effectiveness. I should note that the use of the cryptographic key and the authentication procedure are not related to the transmission method. Figure 4 accompanying the figure illustrates how to complete the authentication in the GSM MSC. The authentication key in GSM is called Ki, and it has 128 The bit length, the network generates a random number (RAND), which is also 128 bits long. RAND and Ki are input to the A3 algorithm, which calculates the 32-bit result (SRES) from the input data. The RAND number is transmitted to the mobile station through an air message. In the GSM system, each mobile station contains a smart card, also known as a telephone subscriber identity module (SIM) card. The standard SIM authentication instruction is Detailed instructions In GSM 11.11, if these instructions do not interfere with the correct functioning of the GSM application, these instructions will be able to provide execution. If the SIM is removed from the mobile station during a call, the call will end immediately, as described by GSM 1 Μ 1 definition. The SIM of the mobile station also uses the A3 algorithm to calculate the SRES for the received RAND number, and stores the duplicate Ki. The calculated result is SRES, and it should be the same as the SRES calculated by the network. Therefore, the result SRES will be sent by the mobile station to In the network, it will be compared with the SRES value calculated by the network. If the two SRES values are the same, the mobile station is reliable. In the system of Figure 2, the RAND number will be transmitted on the air interface using the ADDS message. And will return the result SRES. The SRES value can also be used in the well-known A8 algorithm to calculate the 64-bit encryption or cryptographic key Kc, generate the Kc key by GSM authentication, and encrypt the algorithm by the SIM of the mobile station, and replace it The private long code mask used for the physical layer of CDMA is generally produced by the CDMA CAVE algorithm of -25-200306125 (22) Invention Description. The 64-bit Kc key corresponds to a 42-bit private long encoding, and is used as a π private long encoding mask, a basis to generate sound privacy. The private long encoding mask bypasses (: 1) 1 ^ 8 messages and has no different translation from that produced by the CAVE algorithm. In Kun Kun's CDMA / GSM network, this method is provided using the method of voice privacy. Unique authentication center and unique SIM type. GSM encrypts the frame level. Each frame uses a frame number and a 64-bit Kc key. The key is obtained by the method discussed in Figure 4. The frame number and Kc cover are used. The mask will be used in each frame. In the CDMA 1 X system, it is encrypted using a 42-bit private length code. In the hybrid system of Figure 2, a Kc key is used to obtain a 42-bit private length code mask. , And has a corresponding algorithm to correspond between Kc and the private long code, the corresponding action is performed in MSCc, and then tell the BSC to use the private long code 0 ADDS operation provides a terrestrial network element (such as MSC, SMS, PDC) and the transfer of transparent services between mobile stations. This system uses this operation to transfer the authentication information RAND to the MS and transfer SRES back to the MSC. The ADDS message operation is entered by the MSCc into the BSCc and provides information. The call channel is sent to the mobile station. The ADDs transfer operation is entered by the BSCc into the MSCc, and the provided data is transmitted by the mobile station to the network through the access channel. The ADDS transfer operation is entered by the MSCc into the BSCc, or from the BSCc to the MSCc. Information through transport (traffic) channel to send out between the mobile station and the network. The ADDS parameter has been defined as the "ADDS user part", which contains the 6-bit "data burst type" table application data message format. ADDS operation-26- 200306125 (23) Invention description continued page for using the ADDS user part Parameters to contain service-specific data, and the authentication operation uses the ADDS user part to carry authentication data. The described system uses a new type of data burst called GSM-MAP authentication. The table translates. I should note that this specific embodiment example can be executed no matter what storage exists about the authentication method existing on the receiving end or the database that the receiving end can use. The processor of this specific embodiment example can be used to implement a cryptographic method on one side. And the other party ’s implementation of another cryptographic method, because the two parties can communicate with each other through the media, so the practice of the basic specific embodiment example can be done without physically connecting the intermediate resources. get on. Those skilled in the art can understand that the logical blocks, modules, circuits, and algorithm steps that are different from the specific embodiment examples described here can be implemented by electronic hardware, computer software, or a combination of the two. Implementation, different description elements, blocks, modules, circuits and steps have been described in terms of their functions, whether the function is implemented in hardware or software, depends on the special application and design added to the system Depending on the limitations, skilled artisans understand the interchangeability of hardware and software in these environments and how to best perform the functions described in each particular application. For example, the different illustrated logical blocks, flowcharts, windows, and steps of the specific embodiment examples described herein can be implemented or can be implemented in hardware or software with a special application integrated circuit (ASIC), programmable logic device, Splitter or transistor logic, separate hardware components, such as first-in-first-out (FIFO) registers, processors that execute a set of firmware instructions, any common programmable 27-27 200306125 (24) Description of the invention

Software and processor, a field-effect programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, or any combination of them. The processor is very advantageous as a microcontroller, but another option, the processor Can be used as a general processor, controller, microcontroller or state machine. The software can reside in RAM memory, flash memory, ROM memory, EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, hard disk, removable disk, CD-ROM, DVD-ROM, scratchpad, Or any other petrographic or optical storage media_. Those who are familiar with this technology will be able to appreciate that the information, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips can be fully referenced. The voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, electromagnetic fields, or electromagnetic fields described above can be completely referenced. Particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination are advantageous. Therefore, by referring to the invention described in the preferred embodiments, we can fully understand that the specific embodiment discussed is only an example, and for those who have the appropriate knowledge and skills, as in the attached patent and

Modifications and changes can be made under the same conditions without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. ^ Explanation of symbolic representations 10 System controllers and switches 12, 14, 16 Base station 1 8, 40, 5 3 Mobile stations 20A, 20B, 22A, 22B, 24A, 24B Arrow 34 Data link in the system-28- 200306125 (25) Description of invention Continued 42,54 Antenna 44.5 5 Dual multiplexer 46.5 6 Coded multi-directional proximity (CDMA) transmission and reception link 48,57 GSM transmission and reception link 5 0,5 8 Fundamental frequency circuit 52,59 controller

Claims (1)

200306125 The second and different method of patent application and moving platform is based on one of the free information systems: The two-cell communication mobile station is included in the system from the first cell communication system by the second cell. Inclusive. The channel is a first base mobile switching control signaling device for a call frequency cellular communication system. The method 1. A method for a system having a row of first mobile switching controllable by a first mobile switching console. The base station is connected to the second base station, which is one of the cellular communication systems controlled by the second mobile switching console. The party generates a password of the mobile station to allow the mobile station to use it during the communication of the first system. The password key is borrowed. Generated by giving the private key of the mobile station of the second cellular communication system and the random number generated by the communication system; transmitting the cryptographic key to the first mobile system; and I generating a private long code of the mobile station to allow the mobile station to It can be used during communication of the communication system. 2. If the method of the first scope of the patent application, the channel for transferring data between the first system and the mobile station, and it includes the channel that uses the transferred data to send the cryptographic key to the system. Method in which the channel. 4. For the method in the first scope of the patent application, the first system includes a first mobile switching console to control the console, and the second cellular communication system includes a second base station controlled by the second mobile station. The wireless communication method includes: measuring a parameter of a signal transmitted by the first base station at a mobile station, measuring a parameter of a signal transmitted by the second base station at a mobile station; 200306125 When the conditions are determined, the mobile station sends a signal quality message to the first mobile switching console via the first base station; the first mobile switching console generates the channel request information for the second mobile switching console; The mobile switching console sends the information to the mobile station; the mobile station on the first mobile switching console generates the channel request message for the second mobile switching console; and the mobile station sends the channel request message to the second mobile switching control. station. 5. If the method of patent application No. 4 is included, it also includes generating channel information in the second mobile switching console and confirming the channel of the mobile station in the second mobile communication system. 6. If the method in the scope of patent application No. 5 is still included in the confirmed channel, communication is established between the mobile unit and the second base station. 7. If the method of claim 6 of the patent application scope further includes interrupting communication between the mobile unit and the first base station. 8. The method as described in item 4 of the patent application, wherein the parameter is equivalent to the signal strength. 9. The method of claim 4 in which the first cellular communication system is a coded multidirectional proximity (CDMA) system. 10. The method of claim 9 in which the second cellular communication system is a GSM system. 11. A mobile station, comprising: a transceiver chain that can be used to receive and transmit base station signals in a cellular communication system; and 20030625 _ Application for Patent Continued A controller for: receiving a cellular communication system The generated random signal; and a cryptographic input for a mobile station, which can be used during the communication of the cellular communication system, and the cryptographic key is generated by the private key assigned to the second cellular communication system and the received random number. 12. An apparatus for a system having a mobile station, one of the first cellular communication systems controlled by a free first action switching console is connected to a first base station controlled by a second action switching console The second base station, which is one of the second different cellular communication systems, includes: a device for generating a cryptographic key of a mobile station, so that the mobile station can use during the communication of the second cellular communication system, and the cryptographic key is borrowed Generated by the mobile station from the private key assigned to the mobile station of the second cellular communication system and a random number generated by the second cellular communication system; a device for a cryptographic key used to communicate with the first mobile system; and The mobile station's private long-coded device allows the mobile station to be used during the communication of the first cellular communication system. 13. For a device in the scope of claim 12, the first system includes a channel for transferring data between the system and the mobile station, and the device further includes a channel that uses the transferred data to send a cryptographic key to the system. 14. The device of claim 13 in which the channel is a calling channel. 15. The method of claim 12 in which the first cellular communication system is a CDMA system. 16. The method according to item 15 of the patent application scope, wherein the second cellular communication system is a GSM system.