CN1289898C - Thermocouple type continaous temperature measuring cable - Google Patents
Thermocouple type continaous temperature measuring cable Download PDFInfo
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- CN1289898C CN1289898C CN03140326.3A CN03140326A CN1289898C CN 1289898 C CN1289898 C CN 1289898C CN 03140326 A CN03140326 A CN 03140326A CN 1289898 C CN1289898 C CN 1289898C
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- heat
- conducting wires
- temperature coefficient
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000011664 signaling Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical compound [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese dioxide Chemical compound O=[Mn]=O NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001915 proofreading effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013178 mathematical model Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000615 nonconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011540 sensing material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- Measuring Temperature Or Quantity Of Heat (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a thermocouple type continuous temperature measuring cable which comprises a pair of thermocouple conducting wires, a pair of common metal conducting wires and three functional conducting wires, wherein the thermocouple conducting wires are isolated by thermosensitive semiconductor material, and metal shielding layers and insulating layers are coated outside the thermocouple conducting wires; the common metal conducting wires are isolated by the thermosensitive semiconductor material, and insulating layers are coated outside the common metal conducting wires; the functional conducting wires are used for providing heating position signals of the cable, two of the functional conducting wires are the conducting wires with high resistance and different linear resistivity, and another common metal conducting wire is the conducting wire with low resistance; the functional conducting wires are isolated by the thermosensitive semiconductor material, and insulating layers are coated outside the functional conducting wires. The present invention has the function of error correction so that the problem of measuring errors existing in a low temperature area of the cable can be solved and measuring signals are not influenced by the heated length of the cable; the present invention can provide position signals of heated points of the cable so as to accurately alarm, and can improve the sensitivity and the measuring range of the temperature measuring cable by using the novel thermosensitive semiconductor material.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to thermocouple type temperature probe technology, specifically is real-time continuous to export the maximum temperature signal and a kind of thermocouple type continuous temperature measurement cable that is subjected to the position signalling of focus of area to be monitored.
Background technology
Thermopair is made up of two different plain conductors of composition, and a terminal shortcircuit of a pair of thermopair is joined, and other end open circuit when the short circuit node is heated, then can be measured and the heating temperature corresponding voltage signal at open end.The alloying component standardization of thermopair becomes a kind of economical and practical thermometric sensing material now.
Report to the police for the thermometric along the line that utilizes thermopair to carry out the area to be monitored, people adopt the semiconducting insulation material of negative temperature coefficient that thermocouple wire is isolated, and constitute cable for measuring temperature.When cable for measuring temperature certain section along the line was heated, the resistance of the semiconducting insulation medium between this place's thermocouple wire reduced and forms " temporarily " thermopair node.The key of making this cable for measuring temperature is the negative temperature coefficient heat-sensitive semiconductor material of selecting to isolate thermocouple wire.People once repaid and had tried different negative temperature coefficient heat-sensitive semiconductor materials, and for example, the cable for measuring temperature of the development eighties adopts manganese dioxide as negative temperature coefficient heat-sensitive semiconductor material (seeing United States Patent (USP) 4647710).Several cable for measuring temperature of being made by different negative temperature coefficient heat-sensitive semiconductor materials are arranged in the market.
Existing thermocouple type cable for measuring temperature all adopts a pair of thermopair to make with different negative temperature coefficient heat-sensitive semiconductor materials.When the temperature of measured zone is lower, as be lower than 150 ℃, and cable for measuring temperature is heated length more in short-term, measuring error is very big.Its reason is that the resistance of negative temperature coefficient heat-sensitive semiconductor material can not drop to the very small resistor suitable with metal when being heated, and the resistance of " node " varies with temperature, and the resistance that the voltage signal that thermopair produces when being heated and " node " are located is relevant.
In addition, traditional cable for measuring temperature can't determine to be subjected to the position of focus, promptly can not provide the position signalling that is subjected to focus.Can provide the thermocouple type continuous temperature measurement cable of the position signalling that is subjected to focus not see that so far relevant document discloses.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome existing cable for measuring temperature above shortcomings, a kind of thermocouple type continuous temperature measurement cable is provided, it can real-time continuous export the interior maximum temperature signal of area to be monitored scope, and the position signalling that is subjected to focus is provided.
Thermocouple type continuous temperature measurement cable of the present invention is to realize like this, it comprises: a pair of thermocouple wire, isolate the external coated metal screen layer of thermocouple wire and insulation course or insulation course by the heat-sensitive semiconductive material of negative temperature coefficient between the described thermocouple wire; Also comprise, a pair of plain metal lead, the heat-sensitive semiconductive material with negative temperature coefficient between the described plain metal lead is isolated the external wrap insulate layer of plain metal lead; With, be used for determining three root functionality leads of cable heated position signal, wherein two is high-resistance wire, another root is the lead of low resistance, heat-sensitive semiconductive material with negative temperature coefficient between the described three root functionality leads is isolated, peripheral wrap insulate layer or metal screen layer and insulation course, the resistivity of described two high-resistance wires differs bigger, and the temperature coefficient of negative temperature coefficient heat-sensitive semiconductor material is bigger.
The present invention has proposed a kind ofly can provide the cable that is subjected to the focus position signalling simultaneously, it comprises two high-resistance wires and a low resistance lead, heat-sensitive semiconductive material with negative temperature coefficient between the described three root functionality leads is isolated, peripheral wrap insulate layer or metal screen layer and insulation course, the resistivity of described two high-resistance wires differs bigger, and the temperature coefficient of negative temperature coefficient heat-sensitive semiconductor material is bigger.
Thermocouple type cable for measuring temperature of the present invention has the position functions of error correction and definite heat affected zone, adopt the novel cable structure, can eliminate the measuring error problem that traditional thermocouple type cable for measuring temperature exists at low-temperature space, measuring-signal is not subjected to the influence of cable heated length, and the position signalling of cable heated point can be provided.
Between the function lead, adopt the heat-sensitive semiconductive material of novel negative temperature coefficient to isolate, improved cable for measuring temperature in the susceptibility of low-temperature space and the degree of accuracy of definite cable heated point position.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 has the thermocouple type cable for measuring temperature structural representation of error correcting function for the present invention;
Fig. 2 for the correcting circuit figure of plain metal lead of Fig. 1 to connecting;
Fig. 3 a, b can provide the construction of cable that is subjected to focus position signalling synoptic diagram for the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the thermocouple type cable for measuring temperature structural representation that has error correction and determine to be subjected to the focus position functions.
Embodiment
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the embodiment accompanying drawing.
In order to solve the error problem that existing cable for measuring temperature exists, the invention provides thermocouple type continuous temperature measurement cable A shown in Figure 1.This cable comprises two pairs of function leads, and wherein a pair of is thermocouple wire, isolates external coated metal screen layer 14 of thermocouple wire and insulation course 15, or insulation course 15 by the heat-sensitive semiconductive material 13 of negative temperature coefficient between the described thermocouple wire 11,12.Metal screen layer 14 can adopt industrial conventional method preparation, as metal wind cover or metal Membrane cover etc.This insulation course 15 is common electrical insulator layer, available conventional commercial run preparation, and material can be used insulating polymeric material, glass fibre etc.
Another is to being the plain metal lead, and the heat-sensitive semiconductive material 23 with negative temperature coefficient between the described plain metal lead 21,22 is isolated the external wrap insulate layer 25 of plain metal lead.
Above-mentioned cable for measuring temperature adds protective sleeve 4, and protective sleeve 4 can adopt metal tube, glass fibre or plastic material etc.
When above-mentioned cable for measuring temperature section was heated, the heat-sensitive semiconductive material resistance of negative temperature coefficient reduced generation interim " short circuit node ", and two thermocouple wires produce and the heating temperature corresponding voltage signal.A pair of plain metal lead is used for measuring the resistance of " short circuit node ", thereby thermocouple signal is proofreaied and correct.
During practical application, two leads of its thermocouple wire connect the instrument of measurement voltage signal or the terminal module of warning system.
Bridge diagram shown in a pair of plain metal lead map interlinking 2 of correction usefulness.This bridge diagram comprises the resistance R that two resistances equate
1, R
1', and resistance R
0, resistance R
1, R
1' be serially connected with external power supply V
ETwo ends, resistance R
0A termination external power supply positive pole, two plain metal leads are received resistance R respectively in the practical cut cable
0The other end and the external power supply negative pole between, R
0Resistance equal in the practical cut cable plain metal lead to the resistance value of loop under no heating status, resistance R
1, R
1' common port and resistance R
0Other end output calibration signal V
m
The mathematical modulo pattern (1) of proofreading and correct thermocouple output signal is as follows:
Wherein, V
EBe an external power supply, R
1, R
1' be general resistive element, R
1And R
1' resistance equate.
R
0Be resistive element or serial resistance group, R
0Resistance equal in the practical cut cable plain metal lead to the resistance value of loop under no heating status, R
0When installing, system can set.
V
mBe the voltage signal of measuring, the signal of thermopair loop output proofreaied and correct with this signal.
V
TrueFor the voltage signal after proofreading and correct, determine the cable heated temperature with this voltage signal.
V
ThermoThe voltage signal that records for thermocouple circuit in the cable.
R
dBe the instrument in connection thermopair loop or the internal resistance of terminal module.
This corrective system is simple and practical.V in the formula (1)
E, R
0And R
dSet when all setting up, only need measurement voltage signal V in system
mCan draw the correction coefficient to the thermopair output voltage, in electronic system, voltage is the easiest accurate measurement, and voltage signal can be imported computing machine or single card microcomputer is handled, and calibrated signal promptly can be used for accurately monitoring and report to the police.
Need explanation a bit, the correcting circuit of cable design of the present invention and mathematical model are applicable to the cable for measuring temperature that any heat-sensitive semiconductive insulating material is made, can eliminate cable according to the cable of the design's preparation and be subjected to length, therefore the error that heating temperature causes can realize accurate warning.
In order to determine to be subjected to hotspot location, the invention provides can provide the cable that is subjected to focus position signalling B shown in Fig. 3 a, the b
1, B
2Cable B shown in Fig. 3 a
1Comprise three root functionality leads; wherein two is high- resistance wire 31,32; another root is a low resistance lead 30; heat-sensitive semiconductive material 33 with negative temperature coefficient between the described three root functionality leads is isolated; peripheral wrap insulate layer 35, this protective seam can be common insulating polymeric material or glass fibre or metal tube etc.
With reference to cable B shown in Fig. 3 b
2,, serve as that the basis is at insulation course 35 Nei Tejia layer of metal film or wire netting 34, in order to wrap up thermo-sensitive material and to make it to contact with low resistance lead 30 with Fig. 3 a structure in order to increase the contact area of heat-sensitive semiconductive material 33 and lead 30.
Described two high-resistance wires the 31, the 32nd are made by any conductive material, but require resistance higher, and both resistivity differ bigger.Two high- resistance wires 31,32 can adopt Ni respectively described in the specific embodiment
75Cr
20Al
2.5Fe
2.5And Ni
60Cr
16Fe
24Lead, or other high-resistance wire.Described low resistance lead 30 is the plain metal lead, as aluminium or copper conductor etc., but ground connection in the practicality.
The resistance per unit length rate of supposing high-resistance wire 31 is ρ
1' the resistance per unit length rate of high-resistance wire 32 is ρ
2, lead 30 ground connection of a low-resistivity, the distance between measurement point and the cable heated point is L.
When practical, measure described lead 31,30 resistance in circuit, draw R
11Measure described lead 32,30 resistance in circuit, draw R
12If the cable section is heated, the distance between measurement point and the cable heated point can be calculated by following formula:
L＝(R
11-R
12)/(ρ
1-ρ
2)………………………(2)
Need explanation a bit, utilize the construction of cable shown in Fig. 3 a, the b and formula (2) when determining receptor site, need to adopt the bigger negative temperature coefficient heat-sensitive semiconductor material of temperature coefficient.
In order to determine to be subjected to hotspot location and correcting measuring error, the invention provides the construction of cable shown in Figure 4.This cable is by cable B shown in cable A shown in Figure 1 and Fig. 3 a
1Combine.Comprising: a pair of thermocouple wire, isolate external coated metal screen layer 14 of thermocouple wire and insulation course 15 by the heat-sensitive semiconductive material 13 of negative temperature coefficient between the described thermocouple wire 11,12;
A pair of plain metal lead, the heat-sensitive semiconductive material 23 with negative temperature coefficient between the described plain metal lead 21,22 is isolated the external wrap insulate layer 25 of plain metal lead;
And; be used for determining three root functionality leads of cable heated position; as shown in Figure 3; wherein two is high- resistance wire 31,32; another root is a low resistance lead 30, and the heat-sensitive semiconductive material 33 with negative temperature coefficient between the described three root functionality leads is isolated peripheral wrap insulate layer 35; this protective seam can be common insulating polymeric material, glass fibre or metal tube.In order to increase the contact area of heat-sensitive semiconductive material 33 and lead 30, can and make it contact with lead 30 (seeing Fig. 3 b) at insulation course 35 Nei Tejia layer of metal film or wire netting 34 parcel thermo-sensitive materials.
Described two high-resistance wires the 31, the 32nd are made by any conductive material, but require resistance higher, and both resistivity differ bigger.
Cable for measuring temperature shown in Figure 4 both can have been eliminated the error that produces owing to be heated length and heating temperature, and the position signalling of cable heated point can be provided again, and then the position of definite cable heated point.
The present invention's the various embodiments described above are at any concrete heat-sensitive semiconductive material, all can play the rectification building-out effect to the cable of the heat-sensitive semiconductive material that adopts various negative temperature coefficients.But effective temperature-measuring range of the performance impact cable for measuring temperature of heat-sensitive semiconductive material, sensitivity (being minimum voltage-measurable signal) etc.For determining to be subjected to hotspot location, especially need the bigger negative temperature coefficient heat-sensitive semiconductor material of temperature coefficient.
The selection of the heat-sensitive semiconductive material of negative temperature coefficient is one of key of preparation cable for measuring temperature, and we have discovered a kind of heat-sensitive semiconductive material of negative temperature coefficient of better performances, and its composition is as follows:
V
+4 1-x-yV
+5 xM
yO
δ
Wherein: M is a magnesium-yttrium-transition metal, as neodymium (Nd) or iron (Fe) or nickel (Ni) or manganese (Mn) etc., V
+ 4Be 4 valency vanadium, V
+ 5Be 5 valency vanadium, O is an oxygen, 0≤x≤0.8,0≤y≤0.3,0≤x+y≤0.8,2≤δ＜5.
The present invention adopts the heat-sensitive semiconductive material of above-mentioned novel negative temperature coefficient, can produce the cable that is used to determine to be subjected to hotspot location, and can improve the susceptibility of cable for measuring temperature, especially when alarm temperature during less than 100 ℃.
Claims (9)
1, a kind of thermocouple type continuous temperature measurement cable comprises a pair of thermocouple wire, it is characterized in that: isolate the external coated metal screen layer of thermocouple wire and insulation course or insulation course by the heat-sensitive semiconductive material of negative temperature coefficient between the described thermocouple wire; Also comprise,
A pair of plain metal lead, the heat-sensitive semiconductive material with negative temperature coefficient between the described plain metal lead is isolated the external wrap insulate layer of plain metal lead; With,
Be used for determining three root functionality leads of cable heated position signal, wherein two is high-resistance wire, another root is the lead of low resistance, heat-sensitive semiconductive material with negative temperature coefficient between the described three root functionality leads is isolated, peripheral wrap insulate layer or metal screen layer and insulation course, the resistivity of described two high-resistance wires differs bigger, and the temperature coefficient of negative temperature coefficient heat-sensitive semiconductor material is bigger.
2, according to the described thermocouple type continuous temperature measurement of claim 1 cable, it is characterized in that: described two high-resistance wires are made by any conductive material, both linear resistivity differences, and described low resistance lead is the plain metal lead.
3, according to the described thermocouple type continuous temperature measurement of claim 1 cable, it is characterized in that: cable for measuring temperature adds the protection jacket layer.
4, according to the described thermocouple type continuous temperature measurement of claim 1 cable, it is characterized in that: described a pair of plain metal lead is received a bridge diagram that is used to proofread and correct the thermopair loop output signal.
5, according to the described thermocouple type continuous temperature measurement of claim 4 cable, it is characterized in that: described bridge diagram comprises the resistance R that two resistances equate
1, R
1', and resistance R
0, resistance R
1, R
1' be serially connected with the two ends of external power supply, resistance R
0A termination external power supply positive pole, two plain metal leads are received resistance R respectively in the practical cut cable
0The other end and the external power supply negative pole between, R
0Resistance equal in the practical cut cable plain metal lead to the resistance value of loop under no heating status, resistance R
1, R
1' common port and resistance R
0The other end be the correction signal output terminal.
6, according to the described thermocouple type continuous temperature measurement of claim 1 cable, it is characterized in that: the heat-sensitive semiconductive material composition of described negative temperature coefficient is:
V
+4 1-x-yV
+5 xM
yO
δ
Wherein, M is a magnesium-yttrium-transition metal, V
+ 4Be 4 valency vanadium, V
+ 5Be 5 valency vanadium, O is an oxygen; 0≤x≤0.8,0≤y≤0.3,0≤x+y≤0.8,2≤δ＜5.
7, according to the described thermocouple type continuous temperature measurement of claim 6 cable, it is characterized in that: the magnesium-yttrium-transition metal in the described heat-sensitive semiconductive material is neodymium or iron or nickel or manganese.
8, a kind ofly can provide the cable that is subjected to the focus position signalling, it is characterized in that: comprise two high-resistance wires and a low resistance lead, heat-sensitive semiconductive material with negative temperature coefficient between the described three root functionality leads is isolated, peripheral wrap insulate layer or metal screen layer and insulation course, the resistivity of described two high-resistance wires differs bigger, and the temperature coefficient of negative temperature coefficient heat-sensitive semiconductor material is bigger.
9, describedly according to Claim 8 can provide the cable that is subjected to the focus position signalling, it is characterized in that: described two high-resistance wires are made by any conductive material, both linear resistivity differences, and described low resistance lead is the plain metal lead.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN03140326.3A CN1289898C (en) | 2003-08-29 | 2003-08-29 | Thermocouple type continaous temperature measuring cable |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN03140326.3A CN1289898C (en) | 2003-08-29 | 2003-08-29 | Thermocouple type continaous temperature measuring cable |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1590977A CN1590977A (en) | 2005-03-09 |
| CN1289898C true CN1289898C (en) | 2006-12-13 |
Family
ID=34597327
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN03140326.3A Expired - Lifetime CN1289898C (en) | 2003-08-29 | 2003-08-29 | Thermocouple type continaous temperature measuring cable |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101425348B (en) * | 2007-11-01 | 2012-11-07 | 杰伊·维克托 | Cable structure |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2008006250A1 (en) * | 2006-07-07 | 2008-01-17 | Weishe Zhang | An analogue line type wire cable of temperature sensing for detecting fire |
| CN102146792B (en) * | 2010-12-03 | 2013-11-06 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Temperature and pressure monitoring cable with protection pipe and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN103674301B (en) * | 2012-09-03 | 2017-07-28 | 詹姆斯·P·辛格 | Multifunctional linear temperature sensor with composite structure |
| CN103499398B (en) * | 2013-10-09 | 2016-01-13 | 浙江伦特机电有限公司 | Linear thermometric cable |
| CN113884599A (en) * | 2021-10-18 | 2022-01-04 | 中煤科工集团沈阳研究院有限公司 | Beam tube monitoring system based on thermistor temperature measurement and temperature revision method |
-
2003
- 2003-08-29 CN CN03140326.3A patent/CN1289898C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101425348B (en) * | 2007-11-01 | 2012-11-07 | 杰伊·维克托 | Cable structure |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1590977A (en) | 2005-03-09 |
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