CN1289540A - 雷公藤杀虫剂及其制造方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种雷公藤杀虫剂及其制法,是将雷公藤的根皮经一定的加工过程,可制成可湿性粉剂、乳油、水乳剂及微乳剂等剂型的雷公藤杀虫剂。本发明的杀虫剂药效显著、高选择性、低毒低残留,害虫不易对其产生抗药性,该杀虫剂制造工艺简单,成本低廉,符合目前农药的发展趋势,适宜于推广应用。
Description
本发明属于农药加工领域，具体地说是一种雷公藤杀虫剂及其制造方法。
雷公藤(Tripterygium wilfordii Hook)为卫矛科雷公藤属植物，又名黄藤根、霹雳木、菜虫药，为多年生藤本植物，是我国特有的植物种类，主要分布在长江中下游地区，如浙江、安徽、湖北、湖南、贵州、云南、福建、台湾等地，多生长在海拨300～600米的山坡沟地等地形的灌木丛林中，目前采用扦插繁殖技术已实现了大面积人工种植雷公藤。
雷公藤在我国很早以前就用于医学和防治各种害虫，很多书中均有记载，但以清朝赵学敏编著的《本草纲目》记载最为详细。中医上用来治肿胀、水肿、黄白疸、疟疾等，民间多用于防治蔬菜上多种咀爵式口器害虫。前人对雷公藤杀虫植物的研究已做了不少工作，已知雷公藤根皮粉物对猿叶甲有拒食、胃毒作用；雷公藤的根皮粉及抽提物对菜粉蝶、蓖麻夜蛾、蝽尺蠖等多种鳞翅目幼虫以及豆平腹蝽、铁甲虫、二十八星瓢虫等害虫有拒食、胃毒麻痹作用，对甘蔗棉蚜、棉大卷叶螟、苋菜螟有触杀作用，对小菜蛾、菜青虫、苹果卷叶蛾的防治效果很好；另外把雷公藤根皮粉加工成粉剂或液体制剂可用于防治鱼上的寄生虫，杀灭蚊子、蟑螂和家蝇等卫生害虫。
西北农林科技大学无公害农药研究服务中心科研人员经过近二十多年的系统研究，采用生物活性追踪和化学分离技术相结的方法，从雷公藤中分离出21个具有杀虫活性的化合物，并鉴定了它们的分子结构。同时也掌握了化合物的分子结构与杀虫活性的关系。确定了雷公藤中主要杀虫活性成份是雷公藤定碱(Wilforodine)和雷公藤内酯醇(Triptolide)。但是，迄今未发现有以雷公藤为原料，制造植物性杀虫剂的报道。
本发明的目的在于以雷公藤为原料，配制出一种植物性杀虫剂。
以下详述本发明的实施过程。
一种植物杀虫剂，其特征在于含有雷公藤(TripterygiumWilfordii Hook)。
本发明的杀虫剂以雷公藤根皮为原料，经一定的加工过程，可以制成雷公藤可湿性杀虫粉剂、乳油、水乳剂、微乳剂。
雷公藤根皮经一定的加工过程，与农药助剂及填料可制成雷公藤可湿性杀虫粉剂，其各有效成份的重量百分比例为：
雷公藤组织细粉 50～80％
填料 15～40％
农药助剂 5～15％
可湿性粉剂中采用的填料可以是滑石粉、白碳黑、硅澡土、膨润土中的一种或几种，农药助剂可以是十二硫基硫酸钠、分散剂N、木质素黄酸钠、洗衣粉、辛基磷酸钠、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯基乙醚、羧甲基纤维素等的一种或几种混合物。
雷公藤可湿性粉剂的制造方法是：
A．将雷公藤根皮，用植物组织粉碎机粉碎至1-5mm的粗粉碎物。
B．将步骤A所得的粉碎物用高能粉碎机粉碎至95％过325目筛，和填料、农药助剂按比例充分混合后即制成雷公藤可湿性杀虫粉剂。
雷公藤根皮粉碎物经溶剂提取，其提取物可用于配制雷公藤杀虫乳油、水乳剂及微乳剂，这三种剂型中各组份的重量百分比例为：
A．乳油
雷公藤提取物 10～50％
溶剂 35～70％
乳化剂 5～20％
乳油中的溶剂选用二甲苯、甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、乙酸乙酯中的一种或几种，乳化剂选用辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚、苯乙酚聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醚、十二烷基苯磺酸钙、十八醇聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚一种或几种。
乳油的制造方法是：首先将雷公藤粉碎至1～5mm的粗粉碎物，再用溶剂提取，浓缩提取物至一定浓度，浓缩的提取物和乳化剂、溶剂按比例混合均匀即得雷公藤杀虫乳油。
B．水乳剂
雷公藤提取物 10～30％
水 40～60％
溶剂 5～20％
乳化剂 5～15％
共乳化剂 0．2～5％
水乳剂中的溶剂选用二甲苯、乙醇、乙酸乙酯等中的一种或几种；乳化剂选用烷基聚乙二醇醚、烷基苯基聚乙二醇醚、聚氧乙烯山梨醇糖醇酐酯、聚氧乙烯脂肪酸酯等中的一种或几种；共乳化剂选用丁醇、异丁醇、十二烷醇-1、十四烷醇-1、十八烷醇-1等链烷醇类的一种或几种。
水乳剂的制造方法是：将雷公藤提取物、溶剂和乳化剂、共乳化剂加在一起，在常温下高速搅拌，即得雷公藤水乳剂。
C．微乳剂
雷公藤提取物 10～40％
水 40～50％
乳化剂 10～20％
微乳剂中采用的乳化剂有苯乙烯酚聚氧乙烯醚、聚乙烯苯乙基酚醚油酸酯、王基酚聚氧乙烯醚、联苯酚聚氧乙烯醚等中的一种或几种。
微乳剂的制造方法是：先将乳化剂溶于水中，在搅拌情况下向其中滴加雷公藤提取物，在45～50℃恒温搅拌1小时，冷却至室温即可得雷公藤杀虫微乳剂。
本发明可通过如下实施例给出：
实施例1：称取雷公藤根皮60kg，粉碎至95％过325目筛，将该组织细粉同25kg白碳黑、5kg木质素磺酸钠、5kg洗衣粉、5kg分散剂N充分混合后即可得60％雷公藤可湿性杀虫粉剂。该粉剂200～800倍液，可防治菜青虫、小菜蛾、甘兰夜蛾、槐尺蠖，粘虫等害虫，防效可达90％以上，残效期7-10天。
实施例2：称取雷公藤根皮100kg，粉碎至1-5mm的粗粉，用工业乙醇150kg在60℃提取24小时，真空条件下浓缩提取物至10kg，和异丁醇10kg、二甲苯80kg，王基酚聚氧乙烯醚10kg充分混合，即得10％雷公藤杀虫乳油。该制剂800～1000倍，可有效地防治苹果黄蚜、梨星毛虫、苹果红蜘蛛、菜青虫、小菜蛾等多种害虫，也可用于防治玉米象、赤拟谷盗、麦蛾、谷蠹等各种贮粮害虫。实施例3：称取雷公藤根皮100kg，粉碎至1～5mm的粗粉，用乙酸乙酯在60℃下提取48小时，用真空浓缩提取物至10kg，加入10kg的1-苯基-1二甲基乙烷，再加50kg13．3％聚乙烯醇水溶液，15％烷基聚二醇醚、5％异丁醇于常温下以7000r／min搅拌5min，得10％雷公藤水乳剂。该制剂1000倍液可有效防治各种咀爵式和刺吸式口器害虫，同时也能防治蚊子、苍蝇等卫生害虫。
实施例4：称取雷公藤根皮100kg，粉碎至1～5mm的粗粉，用氯仿在60℃下提取15小时，用真空浓缩提取物至10kg。用70kg水和15kg苯乙基聚氧丙烯醚，5kg的十二烷基苯磺酸钙混合均匀，在40℃高速搅拌下滴加入提取物，恒温下再搅拌30分钟，冷却至室温即得10％雷公藤杀虫微乳剂。该制剂1000倍液可防治蔬菜及果树上的主要害虫，也对鱼上的寄生虫，如车轮虫，指环虫等特别有效。
Claims (7)
1．一种植物杀虫剂，其特征在于含有雷公藤(TripterygiumWilfordii Hook)。
2．根据权利要求1所述的杀虫剂，其特征在于雷公藤可与填料、农药助剂配制成可湿性粉剂，各组份的重量百分比为：
雷公藤根皮细粉 50～80％
填料 15～40％
农药助剂 5～15％
填料可以是滑石粉、白碳黑、硅澡土、膨润土中的一种或几种；农药助剂可以是十二烷基硫酸钠、分散剂N、木质素黄酸钠、洗衣粉、辛基磷酸钠、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯基乙醚、羧甲基纤维素中的一种或几种混合物。
3．根据权利要求1所述的杀虫剂，其特征在于雷公藤根皮的提取物可与溶剂、乳化剂配制成乳油，其中各组份的重量百分比例为：
雷公藤提取物 10～50％
溶剂 35～70％
乳化剂 5～20％
4．根据权利要求1所述的杀虫剂，其特征在于雷公藤提取物可与水、乳化剂、共乳化剂配制成水乳剂，其各组份的重量百分比例为：
雷公藤提取物 10～30％
水 40～60％
溶剂 5～20％
乳化剂 5～15％
共乳化剂 0．2～5％
5．根据权利要求1所述的杀虫剂，其特征在于雷公藤根皮提取物可与水、乳化剂配制成微乳剂，其中各组份的重量百分比例为：
雷公藤提取物 10～40％
水 40～50％
乳化剂 10～20％
6．一种雷公藤可湿性粉剂的制造方法，其特征在于采用如下步骤：
A．将雷公藤根皮，用植物组织粉碎机粉碎至1～5mm的粗粉碎物；
B．将步骤A所得的粗粉碎物用高能粉碎机粉碎至95％过325目筛，和填料、农药助剂按比例充分混合后即制成雷公藤可湿性杀虫粉剂。
7．一种雷公藤杀虫乳油、水乳剂和微乳剂的制造方法，其特征在于采用如下步骤：
A．将雷公藤提取物，用植物组织粉碎机粉碎至1～5mm的粗粉碎物；
B．将步骤A所得的粗粉碎物用溶剂浸提，浸提物经真空浓缩至相当于1～2kg干粉／kg浓缩液；
C．步骤B中采用的溶剂为乙醇，乙酸乙酯、氯仿、石油醚、水中的任意一种或几种，提取温度为50～80℃，提取时间为6～48小时；
D．将步骤B所得的浓缩液和溶剂、乳化剂按比例于混配釜中搅拌均匀后即得雷公藤杀虫乳油；
E．将步骤B所得的浓缩液和溶剂、水、乳化剂、共乳化剂混合，在常温下高速搅拌均匀，即得雷公藤水乳剂；
F．将步骤B所得的浓缩液和水、乳化剂按比例于高速成剪切机中，在40～50℃温度下，搅拌均匀，即得雷公藤杀虫微乳剂。
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103814969A (zh) * | 2012-11-19 | 2014-05-28 | 柳喆熙 | 驱虫剂制备方法 |
| CN109645033A (zh) * | 2018-10-16 | 2019-04-19 | 杨广旦 | 雷公藤有机杀虫剂及其制备方法 |
| CN111713510A (zh) * | 2020-06-08 | 2020-09-29 | 西北农林科技大学 | 五倍子提取物用于制备植物源诱抗剂的应用及诱抗剂 |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103814969A (zh) * | 2012-11-19 | 2014-05-28 | 柳喆熙 | 驱虫剂制备方法 |
| CN109645033A (zh) * | 2018-10-16 | 2019-04-19 | 杨广旦 | 雷公藤有机杀虫剂及其制备方法 |
| CN111713510A (zh) * | 2020-06-08 | 2020-09-29 | 西北农林科技大学 | 五倍子提取物用于制备植物源诱抗剂的应用及诱抗剂 |
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