CN1288729C - 半导体封装件及其制法 - Google Patents

半导体封装件及其制法 Download PDF

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CN1288729C
CN1288729C CNB031019501A CN03101950A CN1288729C CN 1288729 C CN1288729 C CN 1288729C CN B031019501 A CNB031019501 A CN B031019501A CN 03101950 A CN03101950 A CN 03101950A CN 1288729 C CN1288729 C CN 1288729C
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黄建屏
王愉博
黄致明
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Siliconware Precision Industries Co Ltd
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Abstract

一种半导体封装件及其制法,设有多条开口的绝缘材料层,在各该开口中敷设焊料;接着在该绝缘材料层及焊料上依序形成第一铜层及第二铜层,使该第一及第二铜层图案化后形成多条导电迹线,各该导电迹线具有终端,在各导电迹线的终端上敷设金属层;然后,接置至少一芯片在导电迹线上,并借导电组件如焊线等电性连接该芯片至敷设有金属层的终端;最后形成封装胶体包覆芯片、导电组件及导电迹线,使绝缘材料层及焊料外露出该封装胶体,外露的焊料作为半导体封装件的输入/输出端。上述封装结构中,导电迹线能够弹性地布设,有效缩短焊线弧长,改善封装件的电路布局性及电性连接品质。

Description

半导体封装件及其制法
技术领域
本发明是有关一种半导体封装件及其制法,特别是关于一种不需要使用基座、并能改善电路布局性(Routability)的半导体封装件以及制造该半导体封装件的方法。
背景技术
一般使用导线架(Lead Frame)的半导体封装件(SemiconductorPackage),例如四边扁平无管脚(Quad Flat Non-lead,QFN)封装结构等,是在作为芯片承载件(Chip Carrier)的导线架上粘设半导体芯片,且导线架的管脚外露出包覆芯片的封装胶体,使外露的管脚作为半导体封装件的输出/输入(Input/Output,I/O)端,与外界装置,例如印刷电路板(Printed Circuit Board,PCB)形成电性连接,使芯片通过该外界装置进行运作。
这种QFN半导体封装件可见于美国专利第6,130,115、6,143,981及6,229,200号中,如图6所示,是将至少一个芯片20,借助胶粘剂(Adhesive,未图标)粘置在导线架21的芯片座(Die Pad)210上,并使该芯片20通过多条焊线(Bonding Wire)22,电性连接到多条围绕芯片座210的管脚211;然后,在导线架21上形成以树脂材料(如环氧树脂,Epoxy Resin)制成的封装胶体(Encapsulant)23,使其包覆该芯片20、焊线22及导线架21,而管脚211的至少一表面212外露出封装胶体23。
如图7A所示,上述导线架21的管脚211的设置数目是大致对应布设在芯片20的作用表面200上的焊垫201的数目,使各焊垫201借焊线22电性连接到对应的管脚211。再有,围绕芯片座210的管脚211是与芯片座210相距有一预定距离,因此,焊接在芯片20与管脚211间的焊线22的弧长,要大于管脚211与芯片座210间的距离,才能有效地电性连接芯片20到管脚211。然而,如图7B所示,当要使用高度集成化(Highly Integrated)的芯片20′时,即该芯片20′具有数量较多或密度较高的焊垫201,相对地需要布设较多的管脚211,使管脚211与芯片座210间的距离及焊线22′的弧长增加;过长的焊线22′不仅使焊线(Wire Bonding)作业的困难提升,而且在形成封装胶体23的模压(Molding)作业进行时,过长的焊线22′易受树脂模流的冲击,产生偏移(Sweep)或移位(Shift)现象,偏移或移位的焊线可能彼此触碰,导致短路(Short)问题,影响电性连接品质;再有,若管脚与芯片座间相距过远,则可能使焊线作业难以进行,造成无法通过焊线,电性连接芯片至管脚或导线架的情况。
为缩短焊线弧长或管脚与芯片座间的距离,出现如图8所示的半导体封装结构。如图所示,在各管脚211上,以半蚀刻(Half-Etching)的方式形成朝芯片座210方向延伸的延伸部213,它用以缩短管脚211与芯片座210间的距离,使高度集成化的芯片20′能够借具有适当弧长的焊线22,电性连接至管脚211的延伸部213。
然而,这种封装结构的缺点是,形成延伸部213将使导线架21′的制作难度提高、成本增加;再有,进行焊线作业时,管脚211的延伸部213易产生移动(Dislocation),难以精确地在其上焊设焊线22,因而造成焊线作业的困难。
另外如美国专利第5,830,800及6,072,239号发明的一种无基座的半导体封装件,其工序大致是如图9A至9D所示的那样。首先,在图9A中,制备一个铜制的载具(Carrier)30,并在该载具30的一表面上接设一个光罩(Mask)31,该光罩31开设有多条开口310,使载具30的预定部位借该开口310外露。接着,在图9B中,以电镀的方式在各光罩31的开口310中形成接点或终端(Terminal)32,然后从载具30上移除光罩31,使载具30及接点32外露。在图9C中,依序进行粘晶(DieBonding)及焊线作业,将一芯片33粘置在载具30上,并形成多条焊线34以电性连接芯片33至接点32;然后,进行一模压作业,以在载具30上形成用以包覆芯片33及焊线34的封装胶体35。最后,在图9D中,以蚀刻(Etching)等方式移除载具30,使接点32原先与载具30触接的表面320外露出封装胶体35,外露的接点32则作为半导体封装件的输入/输出端,与外界装置(未图标)电性连接,如此就完成半导体封装件的制造工序。
这种半导体封装件的优点在于无需使用基座(如预制的导线架等),封装胶体35不需要与导线架21接合,从而避免封装胶体35与导线架间21产生脱层(Delamination)。然而,这种封装件未摆脱现有技术的缺点,就是当芯片33上布设的焊垫数量或密度提高时,相对地需要形成较多接点32,使接点32与芯片33间的距离增加,此时将产生类似图7B所示的问题,如因焊线过长而导致偏移、移位及短路等问题,因而影响电性连接品质。
因此,如何解决上述问题,如何提供一种能够弹性地布设导电迹线,能有效缩短焊线弧长的半导体封装结构,改善电路布局性及电性连接品质,是刻不容缓的问题。
发明内容
本发明的主要目的在于提供一种半导体封装件及其制法,能够弹性地布设半导体封装件中的导电迹线(Conductive Trace),进而能有效缩短用以电性连接芯片至该导电迹线的焊线弧长,改善半导体封装件的电路布局性(Routability)及电性连接品质。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种半导体封装件及其制法,它不需要使用基座,从而能降低半导体封装件的制造成本。
为达成上述及其它目的,本发明一种半导体封装件包括:一绝缘材料层,在其预定部位上开设有多条贯穿绝缘材料层的开口;一焊料,敷设在各该绝缘材料层的开口中;一第一铜层,形成在该绝缘材料层及焊料上;一第二铜层,利用该第一铜层作为导电层而电镀形成在该第一铜层上,使该第一及第二铜层图案化以形成多条导电迹线,各该导电迹线的一侧形成一终端,相对另一侧则电性连接至该焊料;至少一芯片,接置在该导电迹线的预定部位上,并电性连接至该终端;以及一封装胶体,包覆该芯片及导电迹线,使该绝缘材料层及焊料外露出该封装胶体。
这种半导体封装件的制法包括下列步骤:制备一金属载具;敷设一绝缘材料层在该金属载具的一表面上,并在该绝缘材料层的预定部位开设多条贯穿该绝缘材料层的开口;敷设一焊料在各该绝缘材料层的开口中;形成一第一铜层在该绝缘材料层及焊料上;利用该第一铜层作为导电层而在该第一铜层上电镀形成一第二铜层,并利用蚀刻方式图案化该第一及第二铜层以形成多条导电迹线,使各该导电迹线的一侧形成一终端,相对另一侧则电性连接至该焊料;接置至少一芯片在该导电迹线的预定部位上,并电性连接该芯片至该终端;形成一封装胶体以包覆该芯片及导电迹线;以及移除该金属载具,使该绝缘材料层及焊料外露。
上述半导体封装件的优点在于不需要使用基座(如预制的导线架、基板等)作为芯片承载件,使芯片接设在导电迹线上,且使导电迹线能够适应芯片的集成化程度或焊垫的分布情况,弹性地布设并能深入与芯片焊连的焊线的布设区域,有效缩短用以电性连接芯片至导电迹线的终端的焊线弧长,缩短芯片与导电迹线间的电性连接路径,能改善半导体封装件的电路布局性及电性连接品质,摒除现有因焊线过长而导致短路、焊线作业困难等缺点;同时,无需使用基座也能降低半导体封装件的制造成本。
附图说明
图1显示本发明实施例1的半导体封装件的剖视图;
图2显示图1所示的半导体封装件的仰视图;
图3A至3G显示图1所示的半导体封装件的工序步骤示意图;
图4显示本发明实施例2的半导体封装件的剖视图;
图5显示本发明实施例3的半导体封装件的剖视图;
图6显示现有半导体封装件的剖视图;
图7A及7B显示图6所示的半导体封装件的上视图;
图8显示另一个现有半导体封装件的剖视图;以及
图9A至9D显示又一个现有半导体封装件的工序步骤示意图。
具体实施方式
以下即配合图1至图5,详细说明本发明的半导体封装件及其制法。
实施例1
本发明提供一种无基座的半导体封装件,是使用绝缘(Dielectric)材料层,以在该绝缘材料层上弹性地布设导电迹线(Conductive Trace),从而能有效缩短焊线(Bonding Wire)的弧长,提高封装件的电路布局性(Routability)及电性连接品质。如图1及图2所示,这种半导体封装件包括一绝缘材料层10,在其预定部位开设有多条贯穿绝缘材料层10的开口100;焊料(Solder)11,敷设在各该绝缘材料层10的开口100中;第一薄铜层12,形成在绝缘材料层10及焊料11上;第二铜层13,敷设于第一薄铜层12上,使第一薄铜层12及第二铜层13形成有多条导电迹线(Conductive Trace)130,各导电迹线130具有终端(Terminal)131;一金属层141,敷设在各导电迹线130的终端131上;至少一个芯片15,借助胶粘剂(Adhesive,未图标)粘置在导电迹线130的预定部位上;多条焊线16,用以电性连接芯片15至敷设有金属层141的终端131;以及封装胶体(Encapsulant)17,用以包覆芯片15、焊线16及导电迹线130,使绝缘材料层10及焊料11外露出封装胶体17。
上述半导体封装件能够从图3A至3G所示的工序步骤制成。
首先,在图3A中,制备金属载具(Carrier),例如铜板(Cu Plate)18。接着,在该铜板18的一表面上敷设绝缘材料层10,该绝缘材料层10可以用环氧树脂(Epoxy Resin)、聚酰亚胺(Polyimide)或特弗龙(polytetrafluoroethylene,PTFE)等不具导电性的材料制成。然后,在绝缘材料层10的预定部位,开设多条贯穿绝缘材料层10的开口100,使部分铜板18借该开口100外露,绝缘材料层10的开口100是后续用于形成半导体封装件的输入/输出(Input/Output,I/O)端的部位。
然后,在图3B中,以电镀(plating)等方式敷设一焊料11,例如锡/铅(Sn/Pb)合金等,在各绝缘材料层10的开口100中,使该焊料11沉积在外露出开口100中的铜板18上,且敷设在开口100中的焊料11厚度小于该开口100的深度较好。与铜板18触接的焊料11表面,将在后续工序中外露,作为半导体封装件的输入/输出端。这种电镀技术属于现有技术,故在此不重复说明。
接着在图3C中,用无电镀镀膜(Electroless Plating)或溅镀(Sputtering)等方式,在绝缘材料层10及焊料11上形成第一薄铜层12,使该第一薄铜层12覆盖住整个绝缘材料层10的表面以及所有敷设在开口100中的焊料11;第一薄铜层12的厚度约为1至3μm。用以形成第一薄铜层12的无电镀镀膜或溅镀技术属于现有技术,故在此不重复说明。
在图3D中,用电镀等方式在第一薄铜层上12敷设第二铜层13,该第二铜层13的厚度大于第一薄铜层12的厚度,约为15至20μm。接着,利用现有的曝光(Exposing)、显影(Developing)及蚀刻(Etching)等方式,使第一薄铜层12及第二铜层13图案化(Patterning),形成多条导电迹线130,使各该导电迹线130具有一终端131,该终端131是作为后续用来与芯片(未图标)电性连接的焊指(Bond Finger)。
或者,如图3D1所示,可视需要在借图案化形成的多条导电迹线130上敷设一绝缘层140,例如拒焊剂(Solder Mask)、聚酰亚胺(Polyimide)等绝缘胶,用来遮覆住导电迹线130,使导电迹线130的终端131外露出该绝缘层140,遮覆导电迹线130的绝缘层140起到保护导电迹线130的功效,而外露的终端131则供后续作为焊指之用。
然后,用电镀等方式在各导电迹线130的终端(或焊指)131上敷设一金属层141,该金属层141可以是银(Ag)层或镍/金(Ni/Au)合金层等,使用与电性连接芯片的导电组件(例如焊线,未图标)间具有良好的焊接性的材料较好,使该导电组件后续能够电性良好地焊设在焊指131上。
在图3E中,制备一芯片15,具有一作用表面(Active Surface)150及一相对的非作用表面(Non-active Surface)151,其作用表面150上布设有电子组件与电子电路(Electronic Element and Circuit,未图标)。进行一粘晶(Die Bonding)作业,借胶粘剂(Adhesive,未图标)将该芯片15的非作用表面151粘置在导电迹线130的预定部位上。
然后,进行一焊线(Wire Bonding)作业,形成多条焊线16使其焊接至芯片15的作用表面150与敷设在焊指131上的金属层141,使芯片15借焊线16电性连接到焊指131。
在图3F中,进行一模压(Molding)工序,将上述完成粘晶及焊线作业的半成品,置入常用封装模具(Encapsulation Mold,未图标)中,并注入树脂材料,例如环氧树脂等,使其填充在该封装模具的模穴(未图标)内,形成包覆芯片15、焊线16及导电迹线130的封装胶体17,在树脂材料固化(Cure)后,移除封装模具,则完成封装胶体17的工序,使该封装胶体17包覆的组件免受外界水气或污染源侵害。
最后,在图3G中,完成封装胶体17的工序后,进行一切单(Singulation)作业,使用切割刀具4切割封装胶体17;然后,以蚀刻的方式从绝缘材料层10上移除铜板18,使绝缘材料层10及开口100中的焊料11原先与铜板18触接的表面外露。如此即完成本发明的半导体封装件,如图1及2所示。外露的焊料11作为半导体封装的输入/输出端,与外界装置,例如印刷电路板(Printed Circuit Board,未图标)电性连接,使芯片15电性导通到印刷电路板上从而能进行运作。
上述半导体封装件的优点在于,不需要使用基座(如预制的导线架、基板等)作为芯片承载件,使芯片接设在导电迹线上,且能够适应芯片的集成化程度或焊垫的分布情况,使导电迹线弹性地布设、并能深入与芯片焊连的焊线的布设区域,有效缩短用以电性连接芯片至导电迹线的终端(焊指)的焊线的弧长,缩短芯片与导电迹线之间的电性连接路径,改善半导体封装件的电路布局性及电性连接品质,摒除现有的因焊线过长而导致短路、焊线作业困难等缺点;同时,不需要使用基座也能降低半导体封装件的制造成本。
实施例2
图4显示本发明实施例2的半导体封装件。如图所示,此实施例的半导体封装件的结构大致与上述实施例1相似,不同之处在于,实施例2的芯片15是以覆晶(Flip-Chip)方式接设在导电迹线130上;也就是,在进行粘晶作业时,芯片15的作用表面150是朝向导电迹线130、并借多个焊块(Solder Bump)16′电性连接到导电迹线130的终端131,在此,该终端131作为与焊块16′焊连的焊垫(Bond Pad)。同时,可在导电迹线130上敷设一绝缘层140以遮覆住导电迹线130,使终端131外露出该绝缘层140,与焊块16′连接。
与以焊线导接芯片与导电迹线的结构相比,利用焊块16′的覆晶技术,能够进一步缩短芯片15与导电迹线130间的电性连接路径,更能确保芯片15与导电迹线130间的电性连接品质。
再有,芯片15的非作用表面151能够选择性地外露出包覆芯片15的封装胶体17,使芯片15运作产生的热量,能够借该外露的非作用表面151有效散逸到外界,进而改善半导体封装件的散热效率。
实施例3
图5显示本发明实施例3的半导体封装件。如图所示,实施例3的半导体封装件结构大致与上述实施例1相似,不同之处仅在于,实施例3的半导体封装件还具有多条植设在外露的焊料11上的焊球(Solder Ball)19,这种布设有焊球19的封装结构称为球栅阵列(Ball GridArray,BGA)结构,使焊球19作为半导体封装件的输入/输出端与外界装置(未图标)电性连接。

Claims (36)

1.一种半导体封装件的制法,其特征在于,该制法包括下列步骤:
制备一金属载具;
敷设一绝缘材料层在该金属载具的一表面上,并在该绝缘材料层的预定部位开设多个贯穿绝缘材料层的开口;
敷设一焊料在各该绝缘材料层的开口中;
形成一第一铜层在该绝缘材料层及焊料上;
利用该第一铜层作为导电层而在该第一铜层上电镀形成一第二铜层,并利用蚀刻方式图案化该第一及第二铜层以形成多条导电迹线,使各该导电迹线的一侧形成一终端,相对另一侧则电性连接至该焊料;
接置至少一芯片在该导电迹线的预定部位上,并电性连接该芯片至该终端;
形成一封装胶体,包覆该芯片及导电迹线;以及
移除该金属载具,使该绝缘材料层及焊料外露。
2.如权利要求1所述的半导体封装件的制法,其特征在于,该制法还包括敷设一金属层在各该导电迹线的终端上的步骤,使该芯片电性连接至该敷设有金属层的终端。
3.如权利要求2所述的半导体封装件的制法,其特征在于,该金属层是一银层。
4.如权利要求2所述的半导体封装件的制法,其特征在于,该金属层是一镍/金合金层。
5.如权利要求1所述的半导体封装件的制法,其特征在于,该制法还包括敷设一绝缘层在该多条导电迹线上的步骤,使各该导电迹线的终端外露出该绝缘层。
6.如权利要求5所述的半导体封装件的制法,其特征在于,该绝缘层是一拒焊剂层。
7.如权利要求5所述的半导体封装件的制法,其特征在于,该绝缘层是一聚酰亚胺层。
8.如权利要求1所述的半导体封装件的制法,其特征在于,该金属载具是用铜制成。
9.如权利要求1所述的半导体封装件的制法,其特征在于,该绝缘材料层是选自环氧树脂、聚酰亚胺及特弗龙组成组群的材料制成。
10.如权利要求1所述的半导体封装件的制法,其特征在于,该焊料是锡/铅合金。
11.如权利要求1所述的半导体封装件的制法,其特征在于,该焊料、第二铜层及金属层是以电镀方式敷设。
12.如权利要求1所述的半导体封装件的制法,其特征在于,该第一铜层是以无电镀镀膜的方式形成。
13.如权利要求1所述的半导体封装件的制法,其特征在于,该第一铜层是以溅镀方式形成。
14.如权利要求1所述的半导体封装件的制法,其特征在于,该第一铜层的厚度小于该第二铜层的厚度。
15.如权利要求14所述的半导体封装件的制法,其特征在于,该第一铜层的厚度是1至3微米。
16.如权利要求14所述的半导体封装件的制法,其特征在于,该第二铜层的厚度是15至20微米。
17.如权利要求1所述的半导体封装件的制法,其特征在于,该第一及第二铜层的图案化是利用曝光、显影及蚀刻方式而形成多条导电迹线。
18.如权利要求1所述的半导体封装件的制法,其特征在于,该金属载具是以蚀刻方式移除。
19.如权利要求2所述的半导体封装件的制法,其特征在于,该芯片是借多条焊线电性连接至该终端。
20.如权利要求2所述的半导体封装件的制法,其特征在于,该芯片是借多个焊块电性连接至该终端。
21.如权利要求1所述的半导体封装件的制法,其特征在于,该制法还包括植设多个焊球在该外露的焊料上的步骤。
22.一种半导体封装件,其特征在于,该半导体封装件包括:
一绝缘材料层,在其预定部位开设多条贯穿绝缘材料层的开口;
一焊料,敷设在各该绝缘材料层的开口中;
一第一铜层,形成在该绝缘材料层及焊料上;
一第二铜层,利用该第一铜层作为导电层而电镀形成在该第一铜层上,使该第一及第二铜层图案化以形成多条导电迹线,各该导电迹线的一侧形成一终端,相对另一侧则电性连接至该焊料;
至少一芯片,接置在该导电迹线的预定部位上,并电性连接至该终端;以及
一封装胶体,用以包覆该芯片及导电迹线,使该绝缘材料层及焊料外露出该封装胶体。
23.如权利要求22所述的半导体封装件,其特征在于,该半导体封装件还包括:一金属层,敷设在各该导电迹线的终端上,使该芯片电性连接至该敷设有金属层的终端。
24.如权利要求23所述的半导体封装件,其特征在于,该金属层是一银层。
25.如权利要求23所述的半导体封装件,其特征在于,该金属层是一镍/金合金层。
26.如权利要求22所述的半导体封装件,其特征在于,该半导体封装件还包括:一绝缘层,敷设在该多条导电迹线上,使各该导电迹线的终端外露出该绝缘层。
27.如权利要求26所述的半导体封装件,其特征在于,该绝缘层是一拒焊剂层。
28.如权利要求26所述的半导体封装件,其特征在于,该绝缘层是一聚酰亚胺层。
29.如权利要求22所述的半导体封装件,其特征在于,该绝缘材料层是选自环氧树脂、聚酰亚胺及特弗龙组成组群的材料制成。
30.如权利要求22所述的半导体封装件,其特征在于,该焊料是锡/铅合金。
31.如权利要求22所述的半导体封装件,其特征在于,该第一铜层的厚度小于该第二铜层的厚度。
32.如权利要求31所述的半导体封装件,其特征在于,该第一铜层的厚度是1至3微米。
33.如权利要求31所述的半导体封装件,其特征在于,该第二铜层的厚度是15至20微米。
34.如权利要求23所述的半导体封装件,其特征在于,该芯片是借多条焊线电性连接至该终端。
35.如权利要求23所述的半导体封装件,其特征在于,该芯片是借多个焊块电性连接至该终端。
36.如权利要求22所述的半导体封装件,其特征在于,该半导体封装件还包括:多个焊球,植设在该外露的焊料上。
CNB031019501A 2003-01-30 2003-01-30 半导体封装件及其制法 Expired - Fee Related CN1288729C (zh)

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CN100442465C (zh) * 2005-09-15 2008-12-10 南茂科技股份有限公司 不具核心介电层的芯片封装体制程
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