CN1286127A - Friction-reducing element for string of racket - Google Patents
Friction-reducing element for string of racket Download PDFInfo
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- CN1286127A CN1286127A CN00126050A CN00126050A CN1286127A CN 1286127 A CN1286127 A CN 1286127A CN 00126050 A CN00126050 A CN 00126050A CN 00126050 A CN00126050 A CN 00126050A CN 1286127 A CN1286127 A CN 1286127A
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- string
- musical instrument
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- antifriction
- fabric
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B51/00—Stringing tennis, badminton or like rackets; Strings therefor; Maintenance of racket strings
- A63B51/10—Reinforcements for stringing
- A63B51/11—Intermediate members for the cross-points of the strings
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- Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
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Abstract
A fluoropolymer element for insertion between the strings of a tennis racquet or similar sports device to facilitate the relative movement of the strings under the force of impact of a ball or other object.
Description
The present invention relates to a kind of antifriction element, this element is inserted in the contact point place between the sport racket string of a musical instrument, thereby reduces the friction between the square stance string of a musical instrument in play.
In the braiding structure of the similar racket that tennis racket and other motion is used, the described string of a musical instrument is a layout at an angle mutually, is generally the right angle, as the situation of tennis racket just.For the string of a musical instrument along a direction trend is made a distinction with the string of a musical instrument that moves towards along other direction, a direction is appointed as " X " direction, and another direction is " Y " direction.Usually require the string of a musical instrument of x and y direction freely to move mutually in the racket.Move freely the time of contact that has increased ball and this racket, help control like this, and in ball contact racket, reduce athletic vibration sense.Braiding structure depends on the reaction of the active force that do not apply along this braiding structure plane and the stretching and the elasticity of the string of a musical instrument also depends on the interaction between the string of a musical instrument and the string of a musical instrument.Main interaction occurs in the intersection point place that intersects between the string of a musical instrument, and these points are called crosspoint or contact point.Interactional degree depends on the flexibility ratio that the string of a musical instrument of x and y direction moves mutually at the place, crosspoint.Under an extreme case, these strings of a musical instrument can be bonding at these places, crosspoint, and the string of a musical instrument of x and y direction just can not relatively move like this.If these strings of a musical instrument are by bonding, coefficient of friction will determine the string of a musical instrument of x and y direction that applies under the power effect to move mutually so for how many frees degree.The string of a musical instrument that coefficient of friction is very low, especially under the situation of high load capacity, its interaction that intersects the string of a musical instrument will be very little.
Make used material such as gutstring, nylon wire and the Kapton line of the sport racket string of a musical instrument and all have relative high friction coefficient.People once proposed the whole bag of tricks by reducing the friction between these intersection strings of a musical instrument, made these strings of a musical instrument easier relatively moving of its place, crosspoint.Deutsche Bundespatent No.3,133,231 have described a kind of tennis racket string of a musical instrument that is coated with fluoropolymer.The shortcoming of this string of a musical instrument is, has adopted expensive fluoropolymer on the whole piece string of a musical instrument, but only is in the effect that obtains to reduce to rub in small size moves under the power effect of tennis bump.U.S. Patent No. 3,921,979 have described the small components that is carved with groove on opposed surface, and these grooves are vertical mutually.These elements are inserted in the place, crosspoint between the racket gut, and these strings of a musical instrument are placed in these grooves.This structure makes that these strings of a musical instrument are can be more easily vertical mutually to be moved, no matter and impact all effective on x or y string of a musical instrument direction.Under such a case, have only a cover string of a musical instrument in the contact area, promptly the x or the y string of a musical instrument laterally move.Yet when active force applied with any other angle, the two cover strings of a musical instrument all must move.These elements just can hinder this moving, and have in fact just pinned these string of a musical instrument crosspoints.U.S. Patent No. 4,368,886 have described a kind of absorbent patch that is used to be inserted in place, string of a musical instrument crosspoint, and it is lubricated by adding oil.It is motionless that this pad keeps under the effect of a scotch, and the element of this scotch and U.S. Patent No. 3,921,979 is very alike.Can reckon with refueled and can in use lose light in one day, thereby reduce the effect of these pads.Oil also can attract dirt and dust.
One object of the present invention is to provide the device of better and more permanent antifriction, so that the sport racket string of a musical instrument at their place, crosspoint, is subjected to all relatively moving easily under the situation from the impact of all angles.
In one embodiment, the present invention relates to a kind of at least one face has the topped reinforced composite material of polymer film, and wherein said composite conforms to described string of a musical instrument shape.
In another embodiment of the invention, antifriction element between a kind of contact point that is used to insert the sport racket string of a musical instrument is provided, it comprises polymer fabrics, it is characterized in that, the surface area of described element is greater than the surface area of described contact point between the described string of a musical instrument.
In another embodiment of the invention, antifriction element between a kind of contact point that is used to insert the sport racket string of a musical instrument is provided, it comprises that at least one face has the topped reinforced composite material of polymer film, it is characterized in that the surface area of described element is greater than the surface area of described contact point between the described string of a musical instrument.
Another embodiment of the invention, relate to the antifriction element between a kind of contact point that is used to insert the sport racket string of a musical instrument, it comprises the polymer fabrics of putting between the thin polymer film, it is characterized in that, the surface area of described element is greater than the surface area of described contact point between the described string of a musical instrument.
Another embodiment of the invention relates to the antifriction element between a kind of contact point that is used to insert the sport racket string of a musical instrument, it comprises the two-layer fluoropolymer fabric of putting into about 45 degree shop each other, and one deck fluoro-containing copolymer film between them, and embedding contains between the fluorine film again.
Another embodiment of the invention relates to the tennis racket that combines with above-mentioned any one or all embodiments.
Above-mentioned and other purpose of the present invention, feature and advantage can be better understood from following detailed explanation in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and all explanations all provide in the mode of embodiment, rather than the present invention is made qualification.
Fig. 1 is a kind of perspective view of antifriction element of the present invention of disc format, and the measured value of having drawn A and B limits the ratio of its diameter and thickness.
Fig. 2 is the form of parallelogram for the perspective view of another embodiment of antifriction element of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view strength, illustrates according to antifriction element of the present invention and the nemaline uniformity of string.
Fig. 4 is the side view of Fig. 3.
Fig. 5 plane that amplifies greatly that to be a series of y racket guts intersect with the x racket gut, antifriction element of the present invention is inserted in the contact point place between the string of a musical instrument.
Fig. 6 a and 6b represent the top view and the cross-sectional view strength of the preferred embodiments of the invention respectively, and the fabric that inserts between the thin polymer film is described.
Fig. 7 is the perspective view of the saddle sheet of the ABS plastic pad of prior art or Comparative Examples A.
Fig. 8 is the PTFE pad among the comparative example B or the perspective view of saddle sheet.
The further scope of application of the present invention will become clearer from detailed description given below.Yet will be appreciated that, because for those of ordinary skills, the various changes and improvements that draw in scope of the present invention and the essence from these describe in detail are conspicuous, though this detaileds description illustrated in the mode of the preferred embodiment invented.
This invention provides the x that inserts sport racket and antifriction element between the y string of a musical instrument, is beneficial to racket gut with moving mutually from active force at any angle.This element can be made by the polymer that has low-friction coefficient arbitrarily, preferred fluoropolymer, and (per) fluoropolymer is better, and (PTFE) is best for the tetrafluoro Natene.Term " coefficient of friction " comprises the confficient of static friction and the coefficient of kinetic friction as you know, and the value of these coefficients can be not identical usually.Here this term is only on qualitative meaning, and its estimated value judges according to sense of touch, need not to distinguish static friction and dynamic friction.Word " point " is used for representing the place that an x string of a musical instrument and a y string of a musical instrument intersect and contact here.As everyone knows, described " point " is not the infinitesimal point on how much.It has the zone of a qualification.
In one embodiment, the present invention relates to the antifriction element between a kind of contact point that is inserted in the sport racket string of a musical instrument, it comprises the forming polymer that the shape with the described string of a musical instrument matches, and the surface area of wherein said element is greater than the surface area of described contact point between the described string of a musical instrument.
Antifriction element according to the present invention can be relative thin and flat form, as disk 10 (Fig. 1), ovalize dish or parallelogram, comprises flat square or flat rectangle 10 (Fig. 2).Yet in all situations, the pliability of antifriction element of the present invention will be enough to adapt with the circumferential surface of applied racket gut.Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view strength, and this view is represented the uniformity of this antifriction element 10 and racket gut 20 shapes.Fig. 4 is the side view of Fig. 3, and this view is represented the antifriction element 10 that is on the appropriate location and matches with the surface of the string of a musical instrument 20 of the present invention.
The sub-fraction of total view that Fig. 5 intersects respectively for x and y racket gut 20a and 20b the figure shows the crosspoint place of antifriction element 10 at the x and the y string of a musical instrument, and the layout between their contact point.
The element of making according to the present invention, surprising characteristics are that they needn't be molded as a kind of accurate shape, as U.S. Patent No. 3,921, the element described in 979.As long as (or diameter and thickness than),, get final product more preferably greater than 15 better greater than 10 more preferably greater than 5 greater than 3 these elements its slenderness ratio, still is not greater than 50 in all situations.Slenderness ratio is the longest lineal measure measured value A of this element and the ratio of its thickness B, i.e. slenderness ratio=A/B.The measured value of two kinds of different embodiments definition of the present invention slenderness ratio has been shown in Fig. 1 and 2.
For the impact from all directions being provided sufficient friction reduce effect, the area of antifriction element should be a bit larger tham the surface area of contact point between the string of a musical instrument at least, and preferably the ratio of the surface area of the surface area of this element and these string of a musical instrument contact points is greater than 1.01; Promptly to can be compared to the contact area at place, crosspoint of the x and the y string of a musical instrument most big by 1% for the area on a surface contacting with a string of a musical instrument of this element.More preferably the area of antifriction element is no more than 75% greatly than a contact point area of the string of a musical instrument.Have been found that A is that 3mm and B are 0.1 better to the element effect of 0.5mm, this size is easy to insert between the racket gut of diameter 50mils (1.25mm) order of magnitude.For the string of a musical instrument of other diameter, preferably the thickness of these elements is 0.01 to 0.4 times of the applied string of a musical instrument diameter of this element.The thickness of these elements is that 0.02 to 0.2 times words of the applied string of a musical instrument diameter of this element are better.In the x situation different with the diameter of the y string of a musical instrument, the thickness of antifriction element is mainly relevant with the less string of a musical instrument of diameter.
As mentioned above, this antifriction element can be the disk shape, diameter is A (Fig. 1) in this case, or avette or oval disk, major axis is A in this case, or parallelogram, and diagonal is A (Fig. 2) in this case, or other regular or irregular polygon or shaped form arbitrarily, the longest in this case linear dimension is A.The thickness of element is B (Fig. 1 and Fig. 2) in each case.Because the diversity of shape and simplicity all are suitable for this element, so this element is just made, or come out by cutting from light sheet or coiled material material little waste or not waste easily by a direct molding of simple mould.This polymer element can be the form of braiding, woven or supatex fabric, a kind of that thinly slice, that squeeze out or flat film of extruding, for purpose of the present invention, the expansion polymer of regarding film as, perforate or the closed-cell foam plate of for the object of the invention, regarding film as, or two or more complex of these materials all can.These materials, especially thin-film material can be single shaft or biaxial orientation.Can comprise one or more fillers in the material of these forms, rub to reduce wearing and tearing or to reduce, or the both reduce.
In another embodiment of the invention, be provided for inserting the antifriction element between the contact point of the sport racket string of a musical instrument, it comprises polymer fabrics.This fabric can be braiding, woven or non-woven, but preferably has directional characteristic plain weave or other weaving mode is woven, and racket gut can partly be embedded between the yarn of fabric like this.This fabric can weave enough loosely so that the fabric yarn that allows to hold racket gut moves.Preferably this fabric is fixed, and unclamps or otherwise splits preventing.This can finish by fabric heating and pressurization that Teflon 303JPTFE fluoropolymer water dispersed resin is made.This fabric carries out sintering with the temperature of 700 (370 ℃), then cool to room temperature when keep-uping pressure under the pressure 400psi of appropriateness (2.7Mpa).Can also make this fabric yarn locate to be bonded together in their crosspoints preventing by heat and pressure and unclamp,, perhaps be in contact with one another and locate coating adhesive at yarn if especially yarn is the situation that the PTFE by modification makes.U.S. Patent No. 5,731,394 have described the PTFE of modification.
Another embodiment of the invention relates to a kind of string of a musical instrument sport racket, this racket comprises the antifriction element between the contact point that is inserted in these strings of a musical instrument, described element comprises its topped reinforced composite material that thin polymer film is arranged of one side at least, it is characterized in that described composite is consistent with the shape of the described string of a musical instrument.Shown in Fig. 6 a and 6b, the structure that also to propose this polymer element 10 can be a kind of complexity as with solution or by the weaving or supatex fabric of hot extrusion coated polymer, perhaps be laminated to thin polymer film 11, or the non-woven polymer structure is as expanding PTFE.Can also adopt a kind of metal forming as strengthening material with one layer of polymeric coating, or with the metal forming of thin polymer film lamination, or have the metal forming of polymer and fabric.This fabric can be an any materials, but preferably nylon and polyester material, the fluoropolymer fabric is better, and the PTFE fabric is best.This fabric can only have polymer on a face, as Fig. 6 b, 11, all have fluoropolymer polymer but be preferably on two faces of this fabric, as Fig. 6 b, 11 and 13.
Can adopt multiply cloth, but preferably adopt two-layerly, and preferably second layer fabric is to be arranged in like this on the ground floor fabric: the x of the x of second layer fabric and y yarn discord ground floor fabric and y yarn are on same direction.Preferably the x of ground floor fabric becomes a 45 (in same plane) with the y yarn with the x of second layer fabric with the y yarn.If adopted two-layer fabrics, be preferably in so and insert the one layer of polymeric thin layer between this two fabric layers.
Can be suitable for fluoropolymer, comprise the polymer that constitutes by at least a Fluorine containing olefine monomer in the present invention's use.Available fluoropolymer comprises homopolymers or the copolymer that forms from fluorochemical monomer, as PVF; Vinylidene fluoride; Trifluoro-ethylene; CTFE (CTFE); 1, the 2-difluoroethylene; Tetrafluoroethene (TFE); Hexafluoropropene (HFP); Perfluoro (alkyl vinyl ether), for example perfluoro (methyl vinyl ether) (PMVE), perfluoro (ethyl vinyl ether) (PEVE), and perfluoro (propyl vinyl ether) is (PPVE); Perfluoro (1, the 3-dioxole); Perfluoro (2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxole) (PDD); Perfluoro (cyclobutenyl vinyl ethers); F (CF
2)
nCH
2OCF=CF
2, wherein n is 1,2,3,4 or 5; R
4CH
2OCF=CF
2, R wherein
4Be hydrogen or F (CF
2)
m-, and m is 1,2 or 3; And R
5OCF=CH
2, R wherein
5Be F (CF
2)
z-, and z is 1,2,3 or 4; Perfluorobutyl ethylene (PFBE); 3,3,3-trifluoro propene, and 2-trifluoromethyl-3,3,3-three fluoro-1-propylene.Preferred fluorochemical monomer comprises PVF, vinylidene fluoride, TFE, HFP, PMVE, PEVE, PPVE, CTFE and PDD.
Fluorochemical monomer can form copolymer with one or more other fluorochemical monomers or other monomer (for example not being the hydrocarbon monomer of fluorochemical monomer) polymerization.If form copolymer, but so selected monomer must be copolymerization.Can comprise propylene and ethene with the no fluorine monomer of the combined copolymerization of fluorochemical monomer.Such copolymer example is Tefzel (ETFE).
Available in the present invention polymer comprises TFE and CTFE homopolymers; The copolymer of TFE or CTFE and above-mentioned one or more other fluorochemical monomers, wherein said other fluorochemical monomer is no more than 1% of whole polymer weight; And TFE or CTFE and percentage by weight are the copolymer of one or more other fluorochemical monomers of 1 to 99, wherein, preferably percentage by weight is one or more other fluorochemical monomers of 1 to 50, percentage by weight is that one or more other fluorochemical monomers of 1 to 20 are better, and percentage by weight is that one or more other fluorochemical monomers of 1 to 10 are best.In all cases, the numerical value of percentage by weight all refers to mix the amount of comonomer in the polymer.
Kind and ratio fluorine-containing from other and the polymer unit that not fluorine-containing monomer obtains can have the scope of broad according to physics of being explored or chemical property.Therefore, as known in the art, polymer of the present invention can be plastics or elastomer, and in general unit kind and the ratio according to the monomer derived of forming this polymer major part decides.Preferably polymer is plastics, that is to say that their glass transition temperature (Tg) is greater than 25-30 ℃.Preferably this Tg is greater than 35 ℃.Have the Tg on this element serviceability temperature, for the polymer that forms this element surface, more important than the polymer that forms this element internal.
In the operable fluoropolymer, because (per) fluoropolymer is lower than the coefficient of friction of non-(per) fluoropolymer, so (per) fluoropolymer is better according to the present invention.Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is best, because of its its coefficient of friction in all fluoropolymers minimum.
In any of these structure, can adopt one or more fillers, rub to improve antiwear property or to reduce, or the both have.Typical filler comprises the PTFE powder, graphite, boron nitride and molybdenum bisuphide.The filler percentage by weight is counted 0.1-20 with gross weight, is preferably 1-10.
This fact of fluoropolymer meeting creep promptly slowly flows under load, is known, and is disadvantageous in many applications.A surprising aspect of antifriction element manufactured according to the present invention is that this creep of fluoropolymer is an advantage to a certain extent.The antifriction element that is inserted in the place, crosspoint between the x and the y string of a musical instrument is subjected to the active force of the string of a musical instrument in its surface.The part creep of fluoropolymer makes these elements consistent with the shape of the string of a musical instrument under this load effect, and the result can be installed to this element on these strings of a musical instrument, and these elements are maintained static.
Yet the specified point creep above is unwelcome.Before the string of a musical instrument does not also arrive its service life, be unwelcome if the creep that element cut by the string of a musical instrument occurs.The aspect that creep is useful can obtain by adopting aforesaid composite construction, and overcomes its shortcoming.For example if make element separately by film, the element of making by film-fabric laminate (Fig. 6 a and 6b) preferably, film-fabric-film laminate is better.Film restriction is formed the silk of fabric or fiber movement and is made it to keep stable, and this fabric defines the degree of film creep.Any fabric is all effective, but the fluoropolymer fabric is more effective, may be because they have bigger compatibility with preferred fluoro-containing copolymer film.Fluorine-containing fabric can be weaved by Teflon multifilament fiber (being produced by Dupont) and form, or by Goretex fiber (by W.L.Gore ﹠amp; Associates, Elkton MD, USA produces).Best by the fabric that 100 to 400 denier fibers are woven into.The directional characteristic of the fabric that is woven, promptly their maximum intensity is along both direction, x-and y-axle.For multi-direction intensity, can adopt direction that two-layer fabrics makes fiber one deck to be arranged on another layer each other in one 45 ° angle.Similar multi-direction intensity can obtain by the individual layer braided fabric or with the multiaxis woven fabric.
Embodiment
Used element is to be about 0.125 inch (3.2mm), the thick disc-shape of 5-20mils (0.13-0.51mm) with bin stock punching press described in the embodiment or the diameter sheared among these embodiment.The contact area of circular gasket between the string of a musical instrument of 51mil (1.3mm) is 0.00067 square inch (0.935 square millimeter).The commercially available pad of making by ABS (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS)) plastics or the contact area of the saddleback and the string of a musical instrument be 0.010 square inch (6.4 square millimeters) (Fig. 7).The saddleback of making by Teflon PTFE and the contact area of the string of a musical instrument be 0.0078 square inch (5.0 square millimeters) (Fig. 8).Performance and the measuring method measured have been provided below.
Coefficient of friction: this term only uses qualitatively.Adopt the text description value, and in addition by firmly forefinger being placed on this element or being cut on the raw material surface of this element, and carry out friction test, thus an estimated value obtained.Adopt 1 to 10 grade and keep the score, 10 represent lowest friction coefficient.
Wear resistance: this is by every now and then several elements being taken off from tennis racket between the operating period at racket, and checks with magnifying glass or light microscope, thereby measure.If this element produces a hole, so just think that it has reached the end in its service life.The time that this element can use before producing a hole is long more, and it is just good more then to estimate.Adopt 1 to 10 grade and keep the score, 10 representation elements use not wearing and tearing afterwards in a year with the frequency of playing three hours tennises weekly.
Pliability: this is with the finger nail test and measures in tennis racket.It is 10 that an element that does not produce impression is kept the score.Nail contacts gently and keeps the score with regard to the element that produces dark impression is 1.Intermediate object program is medium each score value.
Durability: how long this pad can be kept perfectly, and that is to say whether the hole to occur in string of a musical instrument crosspoint and measure.
By amateurish competitor or the determined tennis racket performance of professional athlete: measure by following steps: a) player feels that how long and make match degree more easily time that tennis stops on racket; B) when ball from racket keep to the side the racket performance of when bounce-back have how good; C) when the sensation of ball when clashing into this racket into about 40 ° to about 50 ° angles into about 45 ° angle with the plane of racket face with respect to the string of a musical instrument.
Produce the different elements of forming, and assess and keep the score according to above-mentioned test.Provided the composition of these elements in the following embodiments.The assessment of these elements and keeping the score the results are given in the table 1.
Comparative Examples A
Similar duroplasts pad described in 979 or saddle sheet (Fig. 7) in the brand shop of locality, have been bought and U.S. Patent No. 3,921.It is a square prism 30, has the groove 35 that shaping processes that passes through of two surface opposite.This pad is injection-molded ABS (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer) plastic production, and it is by GutermanInternational, Inc., Worcester, MA, USA.Sell.The contact area of a monochord line in the elongated slot of this element is 0.0099 square inch (6.36 square millimeters).The result shows that ABS has great friction coefficient, lacks flexibility, and serviceability is unsatisfactory relatively.
Comparative example B
Make (Fig. 8) with similar second pad of Comparative Examples A by Teflon proplast.On a face of this pad 30, produce a groove 35, and on opposite face, produce the groove 36 in an equilateral triangle cross section vertical with groove 35.The contact area of a monochord line in the groove of this element is 0.0079 square inch (5.06 square millimeters).As desired to PTFE, its coefficient of friction is more much better than ABS.Yet this can only improve performance with respect to the Comparative Examples A moderate.
Embodiment 1
This element is the PTFE band shape that cuts into, for example can be from Wayne, obtain among the Norton Co. of NJ.Plain film is improved with respect to comparative example's structure, but the pressure of the string of a musical instrument can cause wearing and tearing soon.
Embodiment 2
This element is by making among the unsintered Goretex G18 (0.125 inch (3.17mm) is thick).The enough hands of this sheet energy are told laminate layers and are obtained institute's required thickness.It lacks antiwear property.
Embodiment 3
This element is by the HS-10 porous PTFE, and according to U.S. Patent No. 3,556,161 EXAMPLE V is made.It is similar to Goretex and performance is also similar.Also lack antiwear property, the result lacks durability.
Embodiment 4
This element is to be made by the PTFE that is filled with polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), and this material can be from Teleflex Co., Sheffield, and CT obtains.The PPS that is added can improve antiwear property, is cost to increase coefficient of friction still.
Embodiment 5
This element is by NXT70, and the chemical modification polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is made, and is cut into band shape, and it can be from Norton Co., and Wayne NJ obtains.The result is similar to the result of embodiment 1.
Embodiment 6
This element is made into as described in the embodiment 5, but before using, come out by " pressure-sizing ", promptly,, when keeping this pressure, be cooled to 300 ℃ then to make it closely and to make it hard 350 ℃ and 2000psi (13MPa) pressurization down.Pressure-sizing improves antiwear property.The same with 5 as embodiment 1, this element that is made of atresia PTFE finishes to demonstrate good performance before its service life in creep or wearing and tearing.
Embodiment 7
This element be with percentage by weight be the FEP that forms of 5% boron nitride co-extruded (copolymer of tetrafluoroethene and hexafluoropropene can be from Dupont Co., Wilmington, Delaware, USA obtains, as FC01) film, form through cutting.Its thickness is 18mils (460 μ m).Its coefficient of friction is than the coefficient of friction height of PTFE sample.Because the coefficient of friction of well-known PTFE is minimum in all fluoropolymers, so this is reckoned with.This can reflect from the element made according to this example poor-performing of comparing with the element that adopts PTFE.
Embodiment 8
This element is with Teflon PFA 340 (copolymer of tetrafluoroethene and perfluor (alkyl vinyl ether)), can obtain from Dupont Co.) film is cut into.Its performance is the same with the performance of FEP.
Embodiment 9
This element is the condition according to embodiment 6, makes the imporosity by the HS-10 of sintering PTFE.The elimination of hole has improved antiwear property, thereby obtains the performance structure the same with the PTFE film, but has better wear-resistant ability.
This element is by being cut into through be heated to 235 ℃ of Teflon PFA 340 films (can obtain) of 24 hours from Dupont Co..Heat ageing can not improved performance.Its performance is similar to embodiment 8.
Embodiment 11
This element is to be cut into by Teflon PFA 340 films that are filled with carbon (a kind of test film that is crushed to carbon black by PFA).The interpolation carbon black can not improve the performance of PFA.Its performance is similar with 10 to embodiment 8.
This element is to be cut into from the tube of material of being made by Teflon 6C (Dupont Company), and thickness is 18mils (450 μ m).This PTFE sample has good performance, and antiwear property is enough for long match.
Embodiment 13
This element be by Teflon 6C on solid copper AWG16 lead (0.051 inch, diameter is 1.30mm), the insulating materials of the Teflon 6C lead that forms with 40 feet per minute clocks (12.2 meters/minute) extruding is cut into.On two sides of this lead, vertically cut and take out insulator.Because the diameter of racket gut and copper conductor is much the same, so this pad cooperates fine with the string of a musical instrument.It is how to be installed on the string of a musical instrument that Fig. 3 and 4 demonstrates this element.This PTFE sample is better than embodiment 12 a little.
Embodiment 14
This element is that the insulating materials by Teflon 62 leads is cut into, and this wire insulation material can be from Atlantic Tubing, Chestnut Ridge, and NY obtains.It and embodiment 12 the same being cut into.Its thickness is 16mils (410 μ m).It is how to be installed on this string of a musical instrument that Fig. 3 and 4 demonstrates this element.This material relatively has different performances with Teflon 6C.Yet the difference of polymer can not influence the characteristic of comparing its test specimen with embodiment 12.
Embodiment 15
This element is formed by the Zamaxx mat cutting of Teflon PFA fluoropolymer resin carbon fiber-reinforced, that produced by DuPont.This element is handled according to the condition of embodiment 6.Pressure-sizing has improved antiwear property, but this element is easy to come off in the racket use.
Embodiment 16
The band shape that this element is whittled into by the carbon filling PTFE blank that contains 5% carbon black cuts into.This blank is at Chestnut Run, Wilmington, and Delaware, the Dupont laboratory of USA manufactures out.Materials similar can obtain from Norton Company.Carbon is filled can not improve antiwear property.Its performance is good during the short life of these elements.
Embodiment 17
The band shape that this element is whittled into by the PTFE blank that contains 15% glass fibre is cut into.This blank is at Chestnut Run, Wilmington, and Delaware, the Dupont laboratory of USA manufactures out.Materials similar can obtain from Norton Company.The existence of glass fibre has increased coefficient of friction.The reduction of comparing performance with embodiment 1 or 10 shows that how important the effect of low-friction coefficient is.
Embodiment 18
This element is that cutting after the Goretex leafing of embodiment 12 is formed.Carry out sintering and cooling according to the condition of embodiment 6.The Goretex of sintering has improved its wearability, hardness and durability.
Embodiment 19
This element is that the Goretex/Zamaxx pad/Goretex laminate cutting of making under the condition by embodiment 6 forms.The Goretex layer thickness is 0.001 inch (25 μ m).Racket gut can not be kept these element long enough time, thereby can not estimate its performance.
This element is from forming according to the condition sintering of embodiment 6 and the Goretex/PTFE fabric of cooling/Goretex laminate cutting.The Goretex model is G18, and thickness is 7mils (175 μ m).The model of Teflon PTFE fiber is from Stern andStern, Hornell, the 187-30 of NY (the Teflon weaving yarns by 225 daniers forms).This Teflon -fibrage casting die has improvement than independent Goretex (embodiment 18).
Embodiment 21
This element is that Goretex/PTFE fabric/Goretex/PTFE fabric/Goretex laminate cutting of adopting the condition as among the embodiment 19 to make forms.The thickness of the Goretex layer of outside is 7mils (175 μ m).The thickness of the Goretex layer of the inside is 3mils (75 μ m).This fabric that is to say that to knit into about 45 ° of weave shops mutually intersection is stranded.This structure has improved antiwear property and durability.Its scoring is the highest in all kinds.
Embodiment 22
The same among this element configurations and the embodiment 21 just replaces Goretex with NXT70.
Embodiment 23
Goretex /polyester textile/Goretex laminate cutting that this element is made from the condition that adopts as the embodiment 19 forms.The model of polyester fiber is from Stern ﹠amp; Stern, Hornell, the thickness of 15886 (being weaved by 220 to 440 Denier yarns) this Goretex layer of NY is 7mils (175 μ m).Though can see slight leafing, the scoring of the PTFE fibre structure of this element and embodiment 20 is the same.
Embodiment 24
This element is to be formed by the thick glass fibre cutting of 6mil with the PTFE dipping.Producer is Chemfab, Merrimack, NH.This structure has reduced antiwear property.This fabric fibre separates easily.
Embodiment 25
This element is to be formed by the glass fibre of Goretex /dipping/Goretex laminate cutting, and the glass fibre that is adopted among this glass fibre and the embodiment 24 is the same, and this laminate and embodiment 19 be the same to be made.The property class of this structure and embodiment 24 seemingly.
Embodiment 26
NXT70/PTFE fabric/Goretex /PTFE fabric/NXT70 laminate the cutting that the same condition is made from adopt embodiment 21 of this element forms.These fabrics are spread with mutual weave at 45 and are knitted, and that is to say that intersection is stranded.In the test of all kinds, obtain highest score.This structure is identical with 22 performance with embodiment 21 at least, may be better a little aspect antiwear property.
Embodiment 27
This element is from forming with the embodiment 19 the same 50 μ m Goretex /Zamaxx that make/50 μ m Goretex laminate cuttings, and this Zamaxx carried out pressure-sizing before lamination.The thickness of Goretex layer is 2mils (50 μ m).The same with among the embodiment 19, this element can not remain in the racket.
Embodiment 28
This element is by forming with the similar laminate cutting of the laminate of embodiment 27, and just wherein the thickness of one deck Goretex layer is 7mils (175 μ m).Its performance is all best in all test approaches.
Embodiment 29
Do not adopt any element among this embodiment.Changing into and be coated with model on the string of a musical instrument of tennis racket is MP1100 (being made by DuPont) superfine powder.This embodiment shows that this string of a musical instrument of handling with PTFE is not enough to reduce friction or provides superperformance.In addition, dust is tedious thing.
Table 1
| Embodiment | Component type | Coefficient of friction | Antiwear property | Pliability | Durability | Performance Score | Observe |
| Discoid | |||||||
| ???A | The prismatic element of ABS | ????1 | ????10 | ????1 | ????10 | ????1 | The coefficient of friction height, when ball clashed into racket with 45, the string of a musical instrument pinned easily |
| ???B | The prismatic element of PTFE | ????10 | ????10 | ????2 | ????10 | ????3 | |
| ???1 | Cutting PTFE sheet | ????10 | ????2 | ????10 | ????2 | ????10 | |
| ???2 | The Goretex that does not have sintering | ????10 | ????1 | ????1 | ????1 | ????3 | |
| ???3 | The HS-10 porous PTFE | ????10 | ????3 | ????10 | ????2 | ????5 | |
| ???4 | PPS fills PTFE | ????3 | ????4 | ????7 | ????3 | ????3 | |
| ???5 | NXT70 is cut into band shape | ????10 | ????3 | ????10 | ????2 | ????10 | |
| ???6 | NXT is cut into band shape, pressure-sizing | ????10 | ????4 | ????9 | ????3 | ????10 | |
| ???7 | Be filled with the FEP of 5wt%BN | ????6 | ????3+ | ????7 | ????4 | ????5 | |
| ???8 | The PFA film | ????6 | ????3+ | ????7 | ????4 | ????5 | |
| ???9 | The HS-10 of sintering does not have hole | ????10 | ????7 | ????10 | ????6 | ????10 | |
| ???10 | At 235 ℃ of PFA films that wore out 24 hours down | ????6 | ????3+ | ????7 | ????3 | ????5 | |
| ???11 | The PFA film, carbon is filled | ????6 | ????3+ | ????7 | ????3 | ????5 | |
| ???12 | Teflon 6C tubular material | ????10 | ????7 | ????10 | ????6 | ????10 |
| ????13 | The insulating materials of Teflon 6C lead | ????10 | ????7 | ????10 | ????6 | ????10 | |
| ????14 | The insulating materials of Teflon 62 leads | ????10 | ????7 | ????10 | ????6 | ????10 | |
| ????15 | Zamac pressure-sizing (PFA) | ????6 | ????10 | ????1 | ????1 | ????1* | This element is deviate from the use |
| ????16 | The PTFE band that is cut into, carbon is filled | ????10 | ????1 | ????10 | ????1 | ????10+ | |
| ????17 | The PTFE band that is cut into, glass is filled | ????4 | ????3 | ????10 | ????3 | ????5 | |
| ????18** | The Goretex of sintering cools off under pressure | ????10 | ????8 | ????10 | ????6 | ????10 | |
| Laminate | |||||||
| ????19 | Goretex on each face of Zamac does not have sintering, cools off under pressure | ????10 | ????10 | ????10 | ????1 | ????1* | This element is deviate from the use |
| ????20** | Goretex on each face of PTFE Woven fabric, sintering cools off under pressure | ????10 | ????9 | ????10 | ????8 | ????10 | |
| ????21*** | Be similar to embodiment 20 but have two-layer PTFE fabric and the Goretex between this tissue layer each other in 45 | ????10 | ????10 | ????10 | ????10 | ????10 | |
| ????22*** | Be similar to embodiment 21, but replace Goretex with the thick NTX70 of 3mil (75 μ m) | ????10 | ????10 | ????10 | ????8 | ????10 | |
| ????23 | Goretex on each face of polyester textile, sintering, and under pressure, cool off | ????10 | ????9 | ????10 | Success of the test test in two months continues | ????9 | Goretex has leafing slightly from fabric |
| ????24 | The glass fabric of PTFE dipping | ????10 | ????1 | ????10 | ????1 | ????3 | Glass fibre is separated from each other and makes it to cut very soon |
| ????25 | Goretex (75 μ m are thick) on each face of the glass fabric of PTFE dipping | ????10 | ????1 | ????10 | ????2 | ????3 | Similar to embodiment 24 |
| ???26*** | Spread the PTFE Woven fabric of putting two-layer each other in 45, NXT70 (75 μ m) is arranged on each face and Goretex is arranged between these fabrics | ????10 | ????10 | ????10 | ????10 | ????10 | |
| ????27 | The Zamac of the Goretex layer pressure-sizing that its each face and 50 μ m are thick, sintering, cold under pressure | ????10 | ????10+ | ????10 | ????1 | ????1* | This element is deviate from the use |
| ???28*** | Be similar to embodiment 26, but the thick Goretex of 50 μ m arranged on a face and the thick Goretex of 175 μ m is arranged on another side | ????10 | ????10+ | ????10 | ????10 | ????10 | |
| ????29 | Be coated in the PTFE powder in the tennis racket | ????1 | ????10 | ????1 | ????2 | ????2 | Dust is boring |
* come off between the string of a musical instrument easily in play.
* is for long-time match, and the crosspoint of the outward flange string of a musical instrument that is used for racket is very suitable.If be used near the racket centre, this element will be worn very soon so, and the string of a musical instrument is contacted with the string of a musical instrument.
* * is very suitable for all string of a musical instrument crosspoints, allows to use for a long time, promptly about 1 year.
The present invention now has been described in detail in detail, and obviously same invention can change in many ways.This change can not be considered to break away from the spirit and scope of the invention, and all these belong to conspicuous change to those skilled in the art, all will be included in the following claim.
Claims (16)
1. an antifriction element that is used to insert between the sport racket string of a musical instrument contact point comprises that its at least one face with the topped reinforced composite material of thin polymer film, is characterized in that described composite is consistent with the shape of the described string of a musical instrument.
2. an antifriction element as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described polymer thin film comprises fluoropolymer.
3. an antifriction element as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the surface area of described element is bigger than the surface area of the described contact point between the described string of a musical instrument.
4. an antifriction element as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that, the ratio of the surface area of described element and the surface area of described contact point is approximately between the 1.01-1.75.
5. an antifriction element as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the slenderness ratio of described element arrives in about 50 the scope about 3.
6. an antifriction element as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that, described element be shaped as disc, oval dish type or parallelogram.
7. an antifriction element as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described strengthening material comprises polymer fabrics.
8. an antifriction element as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described element comprises polymer fabrics layer and fluoro-containing copolymer film layer.
9. an antifriction element as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described element comprises the polymer fabrics layer that inserts between the polymer film layer.
10. one kind as claim 8 or 9 each described antifriction elements, it is characterized in that, described polymer fabrics comprises the two-layer described fabric in the same plane, and this two-layer fabrics is that like this put the shop: the direction of the fibre composition of described wherein one deck fabric and the fibre composition direction of another layer tissue layer are into about 45 ° angle.
11. an antifriction element as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that, also comprises the polymer film layer between tissue layer.
12. an antifriction element as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, two faces of described strengthening material are all topped thin polymer film.
13. antifriction element as claimed in claim 11, it is characterized in that, described polymer fabrics comprises the two-layer described fabric in the same plane, and this two-layer fabrics is that like this put the shop: the direction of the direction of the fibre composition of described wherein one deck tissue layer and the fibre composition of another layer tissue layer is into about 45 ° angle.
14. an antifriction element as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described strengthening material comprises metal forming.
15. an antifriction element that inserts between the sport racket string of a musical instrument contact point comprises two-layer fluoropolymer fabric of putting with about 45 shop each other and the fluoro-containing copolymer film between them, and embeds between the fluoro-containing copolymer film.
16. sport racket that the string of a musical instrument is made, comprise the antifriction element that inserts between the string of a musical instrument contact point, described element comprises the topped reinforced composite material that thin polymer film is arranged on its at least one face, it is characterized in that described composite is consistent with the shape of the described string of a musical instrument.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US15057899P | 1999-08-25 | 1999-08-25 | |
| US60/150,578 | 1999-08-25 | ||
| US61546600A | 2000-07-13 | 2000-07-13 | |
| US09/615,466 | 2000-07-13 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1286127A true CN1286127A (en) | 2001-03-07 |
Family
ID=26847810
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN00126050A Pending CN1286127A (en) | 1999-08-25 | 2000-08-25 | Friction-reducing element for string of racket |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1078655B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2001095950A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1286127A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE60025091T2 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109276862A (en) * | 2018-12-07 | 2019-01-29 | 邬惠林 | Shuttlecock cross claps line pad |
Family Cites Families (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB191324856A (en) * | 1913-09-19 | 1914-04-02 | Fernand Gratieux | Improvements in and relating to Rackets. |
| FR640448A (en) * | 1927-09-05 | 1928-07-12 | Tennis racket training | |
| FR721797A (en) * | 1931-08-20 | 1932-03-08 | Elastic wedges to be interposed in the network formed by the strings of tennis rackets, and instrument for performing this operation | |
| GB1049328A (en) | 1962-07-13 | 1966-11-23 | Du Pont | Porous structures of polytetrafluoroethylene resins |
| DE7244104U (en) * | 1972-12-01 | 1977-08-11 | Dischinger, Gebhard, 7801 Wolfenweiler | Tennis racket with strings |
| CH570176A5 (en) | 1972-12-01 | 1975-12-15 | Dischinger Gebhard | |
| DE2922631C2 (en) * | 1979-06-02 | 1985-12-05 | Werner 8313 Vilsbiburg Fischer | String protection particles for a tennis racket covering |
| AU5326179A (en) * | 1979-11-28 | 1981-06-04 | Christo Aldrich | Reinforcing insert between strings |
| AT367305B (en) * | 1980-07-18 | 1982-06-25 | Graf Roland | INTERMEDIATE PIECE FOR TENNIS RACKET COVERS |
| DE3133231A1 (en) | 1981-08-21 | 1983-03-10 | Otto 8000 München Schwertl | Tennis string, its production and use for stringing a tennis racket |
| DE8715155U1 (en) * | 1987-11-14 | 1988-01-14 | Brownwood International Inc., Widen, Aargau | String protectors for a tennis racket |
| BE1005108A3 (en) * | 1991-07-17 | 1993-04-20 | Marc Laloo | Improvement to tennis racket, method for stringing tennis rackets and theapplication of string protection device |
| FR2687324A1 (en) * | 1992-02-14 | 1993-08-20 | Siguier Max | Racket equipped with stringing, such as a tennis racket |
-
2000
- 2000-08-14 EP EP00306923A patent/EP1078655B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-08-14 DE DE60025091T patent/DE60025091T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-08-17 JP JP2000247824A patent/JP2001095950A/en active Pending
- 2000-08-25 CN CN00126050A patent/CN1286127A/en active Pending
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109276862A (en) * | 2018-12-07 | 2019-01-29 | 邬惠林 | Shuttlecock cross claps line pad |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2001095950A (en) | 2001-04-10 |
| DE60025091T2 (en) | 2006-08-31 |
| EP1078655A2 (en) | 2001-02-28 |
| DE60025091D1 (en) | 2006-02-02 |
| EP1078655B1 (en) | 2005-12-28 |
| EP1078655A3 (en) | 2003-12-03 |
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