CN1283447C - 携带液体和蒸汽的波纹燃料管道和方法 - Google Patents
携带液体和蒸汽的波纹燃料管道和方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种燃料输送管道(10)，它具有波纹或盘旋结构，所述波纹或盘旋结构含有通过浅的倾斜侧壁(24)互连的多个交替脊线(20)和谷线(22)，该燃料输送管道(10)包括含炭黑的丙烯腈-丁二烯橡胶的导电里层(12)；含四氟乙烯-六氟丙烯-偏氟乙烯三元共聚物或氟代共聚物的共混物的含氟热塑性阻挡层(14)，其中该共聚物中的至少一种显示出含氟热塑性特征；弹性的丙烯腈-丁二烯橡胶衬里层(16)；和氯化聚乙烯覆盖层(18)。
Description
技术领域
本发明一般地涉及橡胶管，和尤其涉及燃料输送管，如燃料注入管、燃料排放管和燃料注入颈管。更特别地，本发明涉及用作机动车燃料管的具有波纹结构的多层管道，和涉及制造这种波纹管的方法。
背景技术
位于燃料注入口和机动车的燃料罐之间的燃料管和尤其燃料输送管，通常由对燃料蒸汽显示出降低的渗透性的材料组成。例如，共同转让的Shifman等的美国专利No.6203873公开了由具有弹性特征的第一氟代共聚物和具有热塑性特征的第二氟代共聚物的共混物制造的燃料输送软管。这种管道不仅满足对燃料蒸汽低的渗透标准，而且相对便宜地生产，显示出良好的使用寿命，密封很好，具有良好的低温性能和良好的推进(push-on)值。尽管Shifman公开的管道抗弯折和抗皱，同时能以常规的模塑技术形成，但最终的管道具有相对有限的挠性。
由于生产燃料管通常使用的材料具有这样有限的挠性，尤其若管道是直管，以便在安装过程中使管道配合的话，管道的任何弯曲，将必然导致弯折，这种弯折会阻碍燃料的路径。解决该问题的一种方式是使软管预成形，以呈现非常复杂的结构，这种复杂的结构是由于与可获得的有限空间相适合所必须的各种角度和曲线的多次弯曲导致的。生产这类管道的常规方法是将未固化的管道挤出到具有所需的最终软管结构的枢轴(pin)或芯轴(mandrel)上。然后将负载的芯轴放置在硫化机内，在此硫化或固化管道，已硫化或固化的管道从枢轴或芯轴中取出时，保留所需的形状，然后备用于在机动车中安装。预成形管道的一个特别的缺点是未固化的管道负载在芯轴或枢轴上和固化的管道从芯轴或枢轴上卸载常常在管道弯曲时引入应力，从而引起在最终的管道内壁内形成撕裂或空穴。
解决该问题的另一方法是提供具有波纹结构的管道，条件是所使用的材料可适于成波纹状。波纹管道是已知的，和这种软管多年来用于真空吸尘器上。这些真空吸尘器软管可以或者可以不用螺旋状金属增强丝网增强。例如在Dillon的美国专利Nos.4490200、Keith的5927757和Schaerf1的6142188中公开了这种波纹真空吸尘器软管。
已开发出其中至少一根管道包括波纹管类结构的双管结构的软管。例如，日本已审实用新型公报(KOKOKU)No.1-31839公开了一种挠性管道，它包括波纹管状金属挠性管道和塑料外管，其中这两种管道在其终端紧密连接；日本未审实用新型公报(KOKAL)No.58-42484公开了一种挠性复合管道结构，它包括波纹管状外管和同心分布在外管内的波纹管状内管，和内管的波纹小于外管的波纹；和日本未审实用新型公布(KOKAL)No.50-80621公开了一种机动车燃料注入软管，它包括直管状导向软管和覆盖该导向软管外周的波纹管状保护软管。因此，希望提供不具有上述缺点的燃料管道。
在Tukahara等的美国专利No.5829483中公开且援引了以上引证的日本已审/未审实用新型公报。此外，Tukahara等的美国专利No.5829483公开了15个独立的实施方案，其中软管包括具有外部端的橡胶外部软管组件和由树脂形成的内部软管，该内部壁软管同轴地布置在外部组件内。密封这两种软管，在外部橡胶层和内部树脂层之间形成管状空气层。
现有技术教导的已有的多种独立的软管结构可在外部和里层之间产生不充足的密封。此外，这种软管结构要求生产多根独立的软管和要求额外的步骤，使内部软管以同心的方式充分地与外层配合并将它们密封在一起。因此，希望提供单一的管状结构，其具有满意的抗燃性、能防止燃料渗透，且在没有要求管状结构以特定形状预成形的情况下，具有在机动车内安装的足够的挠性。
发明公开
本发明的主要目的是提供燃料管道和尤其燃料输送管道，所述管道由典型地在这种燃料管道的制造中使用且允许在没有现有技术的缺点的情况下，制造这种管道的材料形成。
强加于机动车工业上的环境规章限制可从机动车的燃料体系中渗透出的燃料蒸汽量。对于机动车的设计师来说，比任何以往更难以选择恰当的聚合物以提供高的性能、长的使用寿命和降低的燃料渗透率，同时维持成本在可接受的水平下。典型地，燃料输送和燃料蒸汽管由丁腈橡胶制造作为管道，但这种管道对燃料具有高的渗透率。使用氟代弹性体作为管道内壁制造其它管道，但这种管道对燃料蒸汽具有较高的渗透率。生产对液体和蒸汽二者具有降低的渗透率的燃料输送管道的尝试包括使用波纹聚酰胺和氟烃热塑性管道。
根据本发明，提供输送液体和蒸汽燃料的单一的管状组件，其中管状结构防止或显著降低燃料蒸汽的渗透。该管状组件具有波纹或盘旋的结构，所述结构显示出作为燃料管道必须的强度，且具有很大的挠性，足以在不必以预定形状成形的情况下生产。
由可容易地以波纹或盘旋结构形成的一种或多种材料制造本发明的波纹或盘旋管道，这种材料满足目前对燃料蒸汽渗透率的标准，且具有满意的抗燃性特征。
在本发明的优选实施方案中，管状结构是多层结构，所述多层结构包括内部导电的丁腈橡胶(NBR)、四氟乙烯-六氟丙烯-偏四氟乙烯(THV)共聚物层，所述共聚物层围绕内部导电的NBR层的外表面；与THV层外表面周边相邻的第二NBR衬里层；和在第二NBR衬里层的外表面上的保护覆盖层。
附图简述
根据优选实施方案以及权利要求和附图的下述说明，可看出本发明的特征及其技术优点，其中：
图1说明了根据本发明的优选实施方案的多层管道结构的局部剖视图，其中为了说明的目的，拆开了管道的各层；和
图2说明了形成图1的波纹管道的芯轴。
优选实施方案的详细说明
根据本发明，燃料管道，如燃料输送管、燃料注入管或燃料排放管的特征在于，在管状结构的至少一部分上形成波纹或盘旋，以提供其挠性，以便管道不必以在机动车内安装的特定形状预成形。管道内的波纹或盘旋结构允许挠性管道容易弯曲或被构造以装配在允许的空间内，且在制造工艺中不要求额外的步骤预成形管道。波纹管道的交替脊线(crest)从管道的外表面向外延伸约0.254-2.54cm(0.1-1.0英寸)。
如图1所示，本发明的管道10含有所示的四层材料层：导电里层12、阻挡层14、弹性衬里层16和覆盖层18。图1中进一步示出了管道显示出许多波纹或盘旋，这些波纹或盘旋具有通过浅的倾斜侧壁24互连的交替脊线20和谷线(valley)22。这些波纹或盘旋提供给管道一定量的挠性，以便可容易地弯曲管道并成型为各种结构。对于波纹来说，典型的是，波纹区域内的各种结构的强度至少与在非波纹区域内的强度一样大。
通过在波纹枢轴(图2)上放置未固化的管状结构，从而形成管道10，所述波纹枢轴具有通过在芯轴26内建造的倾斜侧壁24a互连的脊线20a、和谷线22a。在芯轴上的管道然后经历固化工艺，从而引起固化的管道显示出波纹或盘旋。
已发现，通过剧烈的测试，波纹或盘旋管道结构具有与标准的固化燃料管道产品类似的性能。
再次参考图1，本发明的管道10包括形成管道内壁的最里层12。优选地，最里层12是丁腈橡胶、热塑性氟弹性体，如六氟丙烯-偏氟乙烯，或六氟丙烯-偏氟乙烯-四氟乙烯共聚物，聚氯乙烯及其共混物。最优选，最里层12是弹性丁腈橡胶，如丁腈橡胶(NBR)层。工业上的共同做法是，使最里层12导电，以防止燃料沿着管道内表面流动中产生的静电累积。已知随时间流逝，这种静电累积引起管道内针孔形成，从而允许燃料经空穴泄漏。典型地，通过配混任何公知的导电剂到形成最里层所使用的材料内，使最里层12导电。尽管炭黑是优选的导电剂，但意识到，可使用任何已知的导电剂提供最里面的弹性层导电性。尽管添加的导电剂如炭黑的用量不是特别关键，但过量的某些导电剂如炭黑倾向于使材料更难以加工。在蒸汽或通风应用中，管道的最里层不需要导电。
阻挡层14优选由氟代热塑性三元共聚物如四氟乙烯-六氟丙烯-偏氟乙烯三元共聚物形成。典型地，氟代热塑性三元共聚物的氟含量为约70-75wt％。已发现四氟乙烯-六氟丙烯-偏氟乙烯三元共聚物如商购于Dyneon的Dyneon THV提供良好的结果。
其中至少一种氟代共聚物以氟代热塑性共聚物为特征的至少两种氟代共聚物的共混物也可用作阻挡层14。典型地，该共混物含有与约80-20wt％的一种或多种具有弹性特征的氟代共聚物共混的约20-80wt％的一种或多种具有热塑性特征的氟代共聚物。例如，氟代共聚物的共混物可含有与含四氟乙烯、六氟丙烯和/或偏氟乙烯的氟代弹性体共聚物或三元共聚物共混的包括四氟乙烯-六氟丙烯-偏氟乙烯的氟代热塑性三元共聚物。优选地，当使用共混物作为阻挡层14时，共混物的氟代塑性组分是四氟乙烯-六氟丙烯-偏乙烯三元共聚物，和共混物中的氟代弹性体组分是六氟丙烯-偏氟乙烯共聚物或偏氟乙烯-六氟丙烯-四氟乙烯三元共聚物。优选地，氟代弹性体组分的氯含量为约65-73％。六氟丙烯-偏氟乙烯的氟代弹性体以名称Viton A、Viton E45或Viton 60商购于DuPont。偏氟乙烯-六氟丙烯-四氟乙烯的氟代弹性体以名称Fluorel FT 2350或FE 5830QD商购于3M。
弹性衬里层16典型地是下述材料，该材料，尤其当硫化时，具有引起它容易粘着到外部覆盖层和阻挡THV层这两层上的性能。优选地，管状衬里层16是提供耐热、耐燃料和相对于软管具有挠性的弹性体。这种弹性材料是本领域公知的。弹性衬里层16典型地是选自丁腈橡胶、表氯醇橡胶、乙烯-丙烯酸酯橡胶和类似物中的非导电材料。优选地，弹性衬里层16是丁腈橡胶。
软管的外部覆盖层18是用于这种用途的任何商业上已知的材料的保护层，如弹性体、热塑性聚合物、热固性聚合物和类似物。典型地，保护层18是具有良好耐热性、耐油性、耐候性和阻燃性的合成弹性体。优选地，外部覆盖层18是选自丁苯橡胶(SBR)；丁腈橡胶(NBR)如丁二烯-丙烯腈橡胶；氯化聚乙烯；乙烯基乙烯-丙烯酸橡胶；丙烯酸橡胶；表氯醇橡胶如Hydrin200；获自DuPont的表氯醇和环氧乙烷的共聚物；氯丁橡胶(CR)；聚氯乙烯；乙烯-丙烯共聚物；乙烯-丙烯-二烯烃三元共聚物(EPDM)；超高分子量聚乙烯及其共混物中的合成弹性体。
本发明的管状结构可进一步含有增强层28，所述增强层28提供最终的管道物理强度。典型地，增强层是选自玻璃纤维、棉纤维、聚酰胺纤维、聚酯纤维和人造丝纤维中的材料。优选地，增强层是芳族聚酰胺如Kevlar或Nomex，二者均由DuPont制造。增强层可以被针织、编织或扭绞，形成增强层。在本发明的优选方面中，增强层被扭绞。典型地，增强层位于阻挡THV层14和弹性衬里层16之间，或在弹性衬里层16与覆盖层18之间；然而，它也可位于导电层12和THV阻挡层14之间。在一些条件下，可使用大于一种增强材料。尽管增强层可以是管道结构的优选组分，但它不是关键的，和可以或者可以不在一些管道的制造中使用，这取决于制造者的要求。
可使用本领域已确定的任何硫化剂如过氧化物、多元醇、多胺等，硫化本发明的管状结构10。这些过氧化物硫化剂包括例如过氧化二枯基、2，5-二甲基-2，5-二(过氧叔丁基)己炔-3等。多元醇硫化剂包括例如六氟偏异丙基双(4-羟苯基)氢醌、偏异丙基双(4-羟苯基)氢醌或类似物。多胺硫化剂包括六亚甲基二胺氨基甲酸酯、脂环二胺氨基甲酸酯等。所使用的硫化剂的用量通常是本领域中常规使用的。典型地，取决于硫化剂，使用约0.5-10％的硫化剂。
已参考其优选实施方案，详细地描述了本发明，显而易见的是，在没有脱离所附权利要求中定义的本发明的精神和范围的情况下，各种改性和改变是可能的。
Claims (12)
1.一种在机动车中用作燃料输送管道的管状结构，所述管状结构(10)的特征在于：
内部导电层(12)；
阻挡层(14)；
衬里层(16)；和
覆盖层(18)，其中所述管状结构(10)在该管状结构的至少一部分外表面上显示出波纹或盘旋的结构。
2.权利要求1的管状结构，其特征在于，所述波纹或盘旋结构具有通过从管道(10)的外表面向外延伸的浅的倾斜侧壁(24)互连的交替脊线(20)和谷线(22)，其中所述交替的脊线(20)从管道的外表面径向向外延伸0.254-2.54cm。
3.权利要求1或2的管状结构，其特征在于所述内部导电层(12)包括丁腈橡胶、热塑性塑料、聚氯乙烯及其共混物，和丙烯腈-丁二烯橡胶，且所述导电层(12)含有导电材料。
4.权利要求3的管状结构，其特征在于所述导电材料是炭黑。
5.权利要求1或2的管状结构，其特征在于，所述阻挡层(14)是四氟乙烯-六氟丙烯-偏氟乙烯三元共聚物。
6.权利要求1或2的管状结构，其特征在于，所述阻挡层(14)包括至少两种氟代共聚物的共混物，其中至少一种氟代共聚物的特征是为含氟热塑性的，其中所述阻挡层(14)包括与80-20wt％的具有含氟弹性特征的第二氟代共聚物共混的20-80wt％的具有含氟热塑性特征的第一氟代共聚物，其中所述第一氟代共聚物是含四氟乙烯-六氟丙烯-偏氟乙烯的氟代热塑性三元共聚物，和所述第二共聚物是含两种或多种四氟乙烯、六氟丙烯和偏氟乙烯的氟代弹性体共聚物或三元共聚物，其中所述第一氟代热塑性三元共聚物具有70-75wt％的氟含量，和所述第二氟代弹性体共聚物或三元共聚物具有65-73wt％的氟含量。
7.权利要求1或2的管状结构，其特征在于，所述弹性衬里层(16)是选自丁苯橡胶、丁二烯-丙烯腈橡胶、氯化聚乙烯、乙烯基乙烯-丙烯酸橡胶、丙烯酸橡胶、表氯醇橡胶、表氯醇和环氧乙烷的共聚物、氯丁橡胶、聚氯乙烯、乙烯-丙烯共聚物、乙烯-丙烯-二烯烃三元共聚物、超高分子量聚乙烯及其共混物中的合成弹性体，和丙烯腈-丁二烯橡胶；且所述覆盖层(18)是选自丁苯橡胶、丁腈橡胶、氯化聚乙烯、乙烯基乙烯-丙烯酸橡胶、丙烯酸橡胶、表氯醇橡胶、氯丁橡胶、聚氯乙烯、乙烯-丙烯共聚物、乙烯-丙烯-二烯烃三元共聚物、超高分子量聚乙烯及其共混物中的合成弹性体。
8.权利要求1或2的管状结构，其特征在于，至少一层增强层(28)包括玻璃纤维、棉纤维、聚酰胺纤维、聚酯纤维和人造丝纤维，并由芳族聚酰的螺旋线组成，其中所述至少一层增强层(28)位于所述阻挡层(14)和所述弹性衬里层(16)之间，或位于所述弹性衬里层(16)和所述覆盖层(18)之间。
9.一种燃料输送管道，其显示出波纹或盘旋结构，所述波纹或盘旋结构具有通过浅的倾斜侧壁(24)互连的多个交替脊线(10)和谷线(22)，其中所述脊线(20)从所述燃料输送管道(10)的外表面径向向外延伸，所述燃料输送管道的特征在于：
含炭黑的丙烯腈-丁二烯橡胶导电里层(2)；
氟含量为70-75wt％的氟代共聚物阻挡层(14)，所述氟代共聚物阻挡层(14)包括四氟乙烯-六氟丙烯-偏氟乙烯三元共聚物，所述四氟乙烯-六氟丙烯-偏氟乙烯三元共聚物显示出含氟热塑性特征；
弹性的丙烯腈-丁二烯橡胶衬里层(16)；和
氯化聚乙烯覆盖层(18)。
10.权利要求9的燃料输送管道，其特征在于，至少一层增强层(28)是位于所述导电层(12)与所述阻挡层(14)之间或位于所述阻挡层(14)与所述覆盖层(18)之间的扭绞的芳族聚酰胺。
11.一种生产波纹或盘旋燃料输送管道(10)的方法，其特征在于：
提供在其上具有多个交替脊线(20a)和谷线(22a)的芯轴(26)，其中所述交替脊线和谷线通过多个浅的倾斜侧壁(24a)互连；
提供未固化的多层管状结构；
将所述未固化的多层管状结构推进到所述芯轴(26)上，提供显示出波纹或盘旋结构的管状结构，所述波纹或盘旋结构相当于所述芯轴的波纹或盘旋结构；和
硫化在所述芯轴(26)上的所述多层结构；和
从所述芯轴(26)上取下显示出所述波纹或盘旋结构的所述硫化的多层管状结构(10)，所述波纹或盘旋的多层管状结构(10)具有从所述管状结构的外表面向外径向延伸的多个交替的脊线(20)和谷线(22)。
12.权利要求11的方法，其特征在于，在所述芯轴(26)上的所述交替的脊线(20a)从所述芯轴的外表面向外径向延伸0.254-2.54cm，且所述多层结构(10)包括：
含炭黑的丙烯腈-丁二烯橡胶导电里层(12)；
氟含量为70-75wt％的氟代共聚物阻挡层(14)，所述氟代共聚物阻挡层(14)包括四氟乙烯-六氟丙烯-偏氟乙烯三元共聚物，所述四氟乙烯-六氟丙烯-偏氟乙烯三元共聚物显示出含氟热塑性特征；
弹性的丙烯腈-丁二烯橡胶衬里层(16)；和
氯化聚乙烯覆盖层(18)，和非必须的至少一层增强层(28)，所述增强层(28)位于所述导电层(12)和所述阻挡层(14)之间或位于所述阻挡层(14)和所述覆盖层(18)之间的扭绞的芳族聚酰胺。
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| CA (1) | CA2503192A1 (zh) |
| MX (1) | MXPA05004371A (zh) |
| WO (1) | WO2004037591A2 (zh) |
Families Citing this family (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6641884B1 (en) * | 2000-08-09 | 2003-11-04 | Teleflex Fluid Systems | Corrugated hose assembly |
| US20070134458A1 (en) * | 2004-02-06 | 2007-06-14 | Lovett Brad A | Aromatic polyamide tubing for vehicle applications |
| US20060127619A1 (en) * | 2004-12-10 | 2006-06-15 | Dimascio Ramon J | Hose construction containing NBR elastomer composition and fluoroplastic barrier |
| BRPI0613411A2 (pt) * | 2005-07-18 | 2011-01-11 | Bic Soc | fonte de combustìvel conectável a um sistema de célula de combustìvel, sistema de célula de combustìvel |
| DE102007058721B4 (de) * | 2007-12-06 | 2014-02-13 | Veritas Ag | Mehrschichtige Leitung |
| US8091588B2 (en) * | 2008-05-30 | 2012-01-10 | Fluid Routing Solutions, Inc. | Metallic tubular structure |
| CN103097794B (zh) * | 2010-08-25 | 2016-03-30 | 大金工业株式会社 | 软管 |
| WO2014061558A1 (ja) * | 2012-10-17 | 2014-04-24 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | 積層体 |
| JP5999428B2 (ja) * | 2012-12-25 | 2016-09-28 | 矢崎総業株式会社 | 線状アッセンブリー |
| CA2966116C (en) | 2013-08-12 | 2019-10-29 | Prinsco, Inc. | System and method of inspecting inner smooth wall of corrugated dual wall pipe |
| EP2894380B1 (en) | 2014-01-10 | 2017-11-22 | ContiTech USA, Inc. | Low permeation curb pump hose |
| US9876240B2 (en) | 2014-04-07 | 2018-01-23 | Intelligent Energy Limited | Multi-functional fuel cable |
| CN104613247A (zh) * | 2015-01-28 | 2015-05-13 | 柳州市颖航汽配有限公司 | 一种汽车液压转向系统中油泵和变速箱间的低压胶管 |
| EP3205493B1 (de) * | 2016-02-10 | 2018-10-17 | Veritas Ag | Schlauchleitung für ein fluid und verfahren zum herstellen einer solchen schlauchleitung |
| KR102075034B1 (ko) * | 2018-12-14 | 2020-02-10 | 주식회사 이앤코 | 기관차의 엔진을 위한 연료 공급 시스템 |
| JP2024084156A (ja) * | 2021-03-31 | 2024-06-25 | 日本ゼオン株式会社 | ゴム積層体およびホース |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3921674A (en) * | 1974-03-18 | 1975-11-25 | Dayco Corp | Hose construction and method of making same |
| US4490200A (en) * | 1982-04-05 | 1984-12-25 | Dillon Joseph C | Flexible, non-kinkable hose and method for making the same |
| US5829483A (en) * | 1992-10-30 | 1998-11-03 | Toyoda Gosei Co., Ltd. | Hose |
| GB9703196D0 (en) * | 1997-02-15 | 1997-04-02 | Smiths Industries Plc | Hose asemblies |
| US6203873B1 (en) * | 1998-05-22 | 2001-03-20 | Dayco Products, Inc. | Blends of fluoroelastomer interpolymers with thermo fluoroplastic interpolymers and the use of such blends in hoses |
| JP2000274562A (ja) * | 1999-03-24 | 2000-10-03 | Tokai Rubber Ind Ltd | 積層コルゲートチューブ |
| US6142188A (en) * | 1999-10-29 | 2000-11-07 | Dayco Products, Inc. | Corrugated flexible hose |
| JP2002276862A (ja) * | 2001-01-12 | 2002-09-25 | Tokai Rubber Ind Ltd | 低透過燃料系ホース |
-
2002
- 2002-10-22 US US10/277,421 patent/US20040076783A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2003
- 2003-10-15 JP JP2004546869A patent/JP2006504036A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-10-15 BR BR0315619-2A patent/BR0315619A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-10-15 MX MXPA05004371A patent/MXPA05004371A/es unknown
- 2003-10-15 CA CA002503192A patent/CA2503192A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-10-15 AU AU2003284229A patent/AU2003284229A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-10-15 CN CNB2003801019679A patent/CN1283447C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-10-15 WO PCT/US2003/032642 patent/WO2004037591A2/en active Application Filing
- 2003-10-15 KR KR1020057006845A patent/KR20050065614A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-10-15 EP EP03776408A patent/EP1560702A2/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-10-16 AR ARP030103774A patent/AR041643A1/es not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2503192A1 (en) | 2004-05-06 |
| AU2003284229A1 (en) | 2004-05-13 |
| KR20050065614A (ko) | 2005-06-29 |
| JP2006504036A (ja) | 2006-02-02 |
| BR0315619A (pt) | 2005-08-23 |
| AR041643A1 (es) | 2005-05-26 |
| EP1560702A2 (en) | 2005-08-10 |
| WO2004037591A3 (en) | 2004-06-17 |
| WO2004037591A2 (en) | 2004-05-06 |
| CN1708394A (zh) | 2005-12-14 |
| US20040076783A1 (en) | 2004-04-22 |
| MXPA05004371A (es) | 2005-07-05 |
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| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
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Owner name: LIQUID CHANNEL TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD. Free format text: FORMER OWNER: DAYCO PRODUCTS LLC Effective date: 20071207 |
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