CN1274200C - Moisture loss prevention method during cut flower vacuum precooling course - Google Patents
Moisture loss prevention method during cut flower vacuum precooling course Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a method for preventing water loss in the processes of flower cutting and vacuum precooling. The present invention is characterized in that the bases of cut and tidied flower stems are tidily cut and put in a container in which sufficient solution is filled; the dosage of the solution is sufficient enough to guarantee that the bases of the cut flower stems are immersed in the solution; meanwhile, a temperature sensing probe is inserted into the solution, and a container in which cut flowers are filled is put in a vacuum tank; a vacuum pump is started for reducing the pressure of the vacuum tank, and the temperature of the solution reaches a preset temperature; the vacuum pump is closed, and the pressure is slowly released to normal pressure. The method can reduce the loss of the flowers in a transport process and reduce moisture loss. The method solves the long distance transport problems of the cut flowers, and promotes the development of the domestic trade and the international trade of the cut flowers in China.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to cut-flower and adopt the back technical field, be specifically related to cut-flower transportation fresh-retaining field.
Background technology
Flower industry is one of industry most active in world today's agricultural.At present, global fresh flower is consumed 50,000,000,000 dollars, and wherein cut-flower is 40,000,000,000 dollars.China has become the country of flower planting area maximum in the world, and flower planting area reached 430,000 hm in 2003
2, wherein, the cut-flower cultivated area reaches 2.4 ten thousand hm
2, produce 6700000000 of cut-flowers per year.
China cut-flower is produced area and is accounted for 30% of world's gross area, but the volume of trade only accounts for 1.3% of world's total trade, and one of them important reasons is exactly that loss in China's cut-flower long-distance transportation is up to 40%.Adopt the simple and easy backwardness of post-processing technology, limited Chinese cut-flower outlet to a certain extent.Simultaneously, annual because the loss that the post-harvest fresh-keeping improper measures causes also brings enormous economic loss for the operator.Compare with developed country flower freshness, transportation circulation chain, the flowers of China are adopted back transportation circulation and still are in the extensive style operational phase, especially lack advanced cutflower preservation pattern in the long-distance transportation process, the intermediate links loss is too much, has hindered the further sustainable development of the industry of flowers and plants.
Cut-flower adopts that dehydration is wilted after regular meeting runs into, mashed leaf, flower fade, and comes off, a series of problems such as petal can not be opened, the fast development of disease and propagation.This is because cut-flower is fresh goods, and the back vital movement of gathering does not stop as yet, and cut-flower is adopted physiological metabolisms such as back respiration, transpiration, is that cut-flower is adopted the key factor that the back quality descends.Colored material is suffered under the prerequisite of injury from low temperature, and creating lower temperature environment is the key that cut-flower is adopted back circulation preservation technique.Therefore, general cut-flower all needs precooling after gathering.Precooling is in order to remove field heat fast before transportation or storage.This heat must be removed rapidly, otherwise to the storages of flowers and transport totally unfavorable.Cut-flower itself carries a large amount of field heats when gathering, removing field heat before storing rapidly is the first step of creating good temperature environment, also is the main purpose of precooling.If directly vanning refrigeration or transportation very easily damages the flower material with regard to being difficult to reduce to desired low temperature rapidly without precooling.Studies show that gather back as do not remove field heat rapidly and placed 1 day down at normal temperature (20 ℃) of flowers is equivalent to reduce under the condition of the suitable storage temperature (as 0 ℃) of flowers 5 to 7 days storage life.If the flowers after gathering just directly enter warehouse or transport vehicle without precooling, not only need warehouse or transport vehicle that very big cold is provided, and, directly enter in Ku Nei or the car for a long time temperature without the flowers of precooling and can not fall owing to warehouse and transport vehicle are not fully loadedly to have the flowers of a large amount of field heats to design for dealing with.Because goods Wen Yuku temperature differs bigger, Yi Zaiku pushes up a large amount of water droplets that condense, and these water droplets soak into flowers, can cause rotten.
The mode of precooling is a lot, and water-cooled, air-cooled, differential pressure precooling and vacuum pre-cooling are arranged usually.Wherein air-cooled (being the high wind precooling) method is simple, and setup fee is low.Shortcoming is that cooling velocity is slow, for example carnation, babysbreath drops to 5.6 ℃ and 2.8 ℃ from 24.6 ℃ and 22.1 ℃ needs 12 and 10 hours respectively, and energy consumption height.The cooling velocity of differential pressure precooling is faster than air-cooled, in the precooling process damage of flower is also lacked than air-cooled.Its shortcoming is that operation is taken a lot of work, and reduces the occupancy load of freezer.Vacuum pre-cooling is by decompression, makes water evaporates carry evaporation latent heat and makes the cooling of colored material, and this method cooling is fast, and the cooling degree is controlled easily, if can cooperate timely transportation can reduce the required high cost of construction large cold storage.But its shortcoming is that the easy dehydration of middle flower material is wilted in processing procedure, if by the spraying moisturizing, water droplet easily is sticky with petal, causes breeding and the diffusion of bacterium, causes the rotten of cut-flower.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the shortcoming that problem that above-mentioned precooling mode exists and the easy dehydration of vacuum pre-cooling are wilted, adopt the main path that back flower material is lowered the temperature with vacuum pre-cooling as cutting, dynamic by cut-flower variation of temperature in the research vacuum pre-cooling, the approach of flower material moisture loss and moisturizing in the vacuum pre-cooling, the invention provides fast cooling in a kind of cut-flower vacuum pre-cooling, prevent the method for moisture loss, it is characterized in that, the cut-flower stem culm base of putting in order had one's hair trimmed to pack into fill in the container of solution, the consumption of solution should guarantee that cut-flower stem culm base submerges in the solution, simultaneously temperature-sensing probe is inserted in the solution, the container that cut-flower is housed is put into vacuum tank, start vavuum pump, make vacuum tank be depressured to predetermined vacuum, solution temperature reaches precooling end-temperature, closes vavuum pump, and slowly is pressed onto normal pressure again.
Wherein the consumption of solution submerges 4-8 centimetre cut-flower stem stalk to be advisable.Solution is too many, and temperature descends slow, and energy consumption is many; Solution causes slosh because pressure changes very little, and the stem culm base breaks away from liquid level easily and do not inhale water.
Wherein employed solution can be water, preferably locates liquid in advance, and used temperature sensing device is a Wen Yi.
The setting of predetermined temperature is relevant with the origin of cut-flower.If cut-flower originates in the torrid zone, as Moth orchid, dendrobium etc., precooling end-temperature 13-15 ℃, preferably 14 ℃, vacuum is 9-11mmHg, preferably 10mmHg.Use the doubly pre-place of 1.8-2.2 liquid concentration, preferably 2.0 times of pre-place liquid concentration; If cut-flower originates in the subtropics, as sword lily etc., precooling end-temperature 6-8 ℃, preferably 7 ℃, vacuum is 8-9mmHg, preferably 8.5mmHg.Use the doubly pre-place of 1.3-1.7 liquid concentration, preferably 1.5 times of pre-place liquid concentration; If cut-flower originates in the temperate zone, as Chinese rose, carnation, babysbreath, lily etc., precooling end-temperature 2-5 ℃, preferably 3 ℃, vacuum is 7.2-8.0mmHg, preferably 7.5mmHg.Use the doubly pre-place of 0.8-1.2 liquid concentration, preferably 1.0 times of pre-place liquid concentration.Here so-called pre-place liquid concentration multiple, be to be benchmark with the pre-place liquid concentration that routine is used, be 1 times of pre-place liquid concentration, for example, 1000 milliliters of conventional pre-place liquid that use are that its stoste 100 ml solns are dissolved in 900 ml waters, and the compound method of 1000 milliliters of 2 times of liquid concentration is that 200 ml solns are dissolved in stoste in 800 ml waters.
Wherein pressed again best 10-13 minute, the time is oversize, and energy consumption is big, the time too the solution in the jacket and shorts flowers container can splash.
Because cut-flower origin area is different, its low temperature tenability limit is also different.Usually, torrid zone flower low temperature tenability limit wants high, secondly is the subtropics flower, secondly is the temperate zone flower again, and what can restrain oneself low temperature is the frigid zone flower, but general commercial cut-flower does not almost have the frigid zone flower, with the origin decision precooling end-temperature of cut-flower.Vacuum is determining cause precooling end-temperature and different really, i.e. the corresponding reduction of precooling end-temperature and vacuum; And vacuum influences the working concentration of pre-place liquid, when promptly vacuum is low, locates the corresponding reduction of liquid working concentration in advance.
The difficult point of flower material cooling promptly as long as stem stalk temperature is dropped to required temperature, just can guarantee that the positive branch flower drops to required temperature at the stem stalk.Cut-flower is inserted in the solution, when solution drops to temperature required in the reduced vacuum condition, just can will be scheduled to temperature required solution and fully suck in the stem stalk, just can very fast cut-flower stem stalk temperature be dropped to required temperature by this method by the slow process of pressing again.If do not keep the skin wet in the process of vacuum pre-cooling, the cut-flower tissue is outside owing to pressure reduces serious dehydration; If by the spraying moisturizing, water droplet easily is sticky with petal, causes breeding and the diffusion of bacterium, cause rotting of cut-flower, and stem stalk temperature is not easy to descend, if stem stalk temperature is dropped to predetermined temperature, flower can cause injury from low temperature.And by stem culm base suction, can overcome the problems referred to above fully, and cut-flower do not need to be put in the water after adopting, even mild dehydration is arranged, can not inhale water because stem stalk conduit stops up yet, and replenished in the vacuum pre-cooling process.
Common cut-flower must be put into water and carry out preliminary treatment before precooling.After cut-flower left plant, the phenomenon of wilting because of water deficit can appear usually.For making cut-flower keep better profile, after Ying Zaiqi gathers, put into water as early as possible and carry out preliminary treatment, prevent the cut-flower moisture loss, cause wilting.Just begun the flower of wilting, in water, soaked about 1 hour and just can recover normal cell turgor.And the present invention does not need this link.
Vacuum precooling freshness retaining technology not only temperature fall time fast (general only need 20 to 30 minutes), efficient height, lowering temperature uniform, precooling degree is easy to control, and owing to reduced air pressure, the oxygen concentration of flowers tissue is reduced, the concentration that ethene discharges also reduces, and can keep the flowers freshness effectively and prolong storage period.But the vacuum pre-cooling mass disposal is spent material, not influenced by packing, adapts to this class surface area of flowers and the big article precooling freshness retaining of volume ratio especially.But the vacuum precooling freshness retaining process can cause the flowers phenomenon of losing water.Approximately the every decline of temperature is 10 ℃, and the moisture 1% that scatters and disappears drops to 5 ℃, approximately dehydration 3% as temperature from 30 ℃.If the flowers dehydration is serious, surface pores is open, can cause freshness to descend, and causes the wilting phenomenon.The material of will spending that has before the vacuum pre-cooling is sprayed water comprehensively at present, be to use before the precooling humidifier that flowers are carried out spraying humidification equably, have enough moisture before making the flowers precooling, but the spraying water droplet easily be sticky with petal, cause breeding and the diffusion of bacterium, cause rotting of cut-flower.Water supplementing method of the present invention, promptly cut-flower is put into cut-flower in the container of moisture (also can be to locate liquid in advance) earlier before precooling, puts into vacuum tank together with container then and carries out vacuum pre-cooling.The cooling rate of colored material is accelerated greatly, and made the approaching unanimity of cooling rate each other.This makes cut-flower vacuum pre-cooling fast cooling become possibility.In addition, the colored material that vacuum pre-cooling suction is handled after pumped down, again by low pressure in the process that normal pressure recovers because the inside and outside pressure reduction that forms of flower material impels colored material to absorb moisture, the moisture that loses when replenishing the decompression cooling effectively.We contain clear water with institute and change cutting flower pretreating liquid in this technology, then spend material fast Absorption to locate liquid in advance, this measure of vacuum pre-cooling is finished simultaneously promoted multiple actions such as cooling, additional dehydration, the liquid absorption of the pre-place of promotion, thereby the storage transportation of cut-flower is played an important role.Vacuum pre-cooling and the rehydration technology of combining have remedied the too much deficiency of flower material dehydration in the precooling, make the colored material can fast cooling, effective rehydration again, the new way of having opened up vacuum pre-cooling.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, further set forth the present invention.Should be understood that these embodiment only to be used to the present invention is described and be not used in and limit the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1:
Chinese rose of cut flower ' Sa Mansha ' is available from Kunming Dou Nan peasant household.Harvesting standard is the index 3 of blooming, and gets 1900 altogether.With above-mentioned colored material by the scape length of 40cm, stay 2～3 pairs of blades, deburring, 20 is a bundle.Every processing is established 3 combinations altogether with spending 15 to prick (300).
Treatment combination 1--0+ suction
The pre-place of treatment combination 2--freezer precooling+suction liquid
The pre-place of treatment combination 3--vacuum pre-cooling+suction liquid
The vacuum pre-cooling processing method: the cut-flower stem culm base of putting in order had one's hair trimmed to pack into to be filled in the container of 0.8 times of pre-place liquid concentration, the consumption of solution should guarantee that cut-flower stem culm base submerges in 0.8 times of pre-place liquid concentration 4 centimetres, simultaneously temperature-sensing probe is inserted in the pre-place liquid, the container that cut-flower is housed is put into vacuum tank, start vavuum pump, making vacuum tank be depressurized to vacuum is 7.2mmHg, makes solution temperature reach 5 ℃ of predetermined temperature, close vavuum pump, and slowly be pressed onto normal pressure again.In the time of vacuum pre-cooling, record vacuum and flower material stem stalk variations in temperature are dynamic.
Wherein, the forecooling method of contrast is conventional freezer forecooling method, promptly allows colored material absorb pre-place liquid 12 hours under 5 ℃ of low temperature; Inhaling pre-place liquid is will spend material to insert before precooling to fill in the Plastic Drum of a certain amount of pre-place liquid, together puts into vacuum tank together with Plastic Drum again.Precooling process is divided into pumped down (about 14 minutes) and multiple pressure (12 minutes) two stages of venting.The purpose of last stage is to make colored material fast cooling, and after-stage then is to promote flower material stem foot to absorb moisture by multiple the pressure, replenishes the moisture loss in the vacuum pre-cooling.
Above-mentioned vacuum pre-cooling and absorb process such as pre-place liquid and finish after, will spend material to pack in the polyethylene film packaging bag, pack in the corrugated case of liner polystyrene dividing plate together with packaging bag.In 17-20 ℃ constant heat storage, deposited 72 hours, the traffic condition in simulation air transport and railway air conditioning compartment, period detecting flower material stem stalk variations in temperature is dynamic.
After the transportation simulation finishes, measure O in the packaging bag
2And CO
2Concentration is unpacked then, detects flower material situation.Every processing is got 40 and is carried out the slotting observation of bottle, 10 flag detail records wherein.Bottle is transplanted a cutting part at natural room temperature (19 ℃～22 ℃), fully sprinkles water in ground, adds that to carry out bottle under the condition of 40W fluorescent lamp slotting daytime.Changing water next day of during this time cuts.
Observation project and method
(1) vacuum is measured with the vacuum measurement instrument of 400mmHg (Torr) measurement category, is spaced apart 1 minute.
(2) temperature comprises colored material temperature (containing flower and stem stalk) and water temperature.Fixed with semiconductor point temperature instrumentation.
(3) the curved footpath of rate, curved footpath rate=curved footpath flower number/confession examination flower sum * 100%
(4) bottle insert the life-span from bottle insert to the flower dew heart or petal fades, the fate till beginning to lose ornamental value such as variable color.
Vacuum pre-cooling absorbs pre-place liquid simultaneously, only with 5 ℃ of pre-cooling purposes that just reached expection in 30 minutes.As seen from Table 1, the contrast that is later than of neck phenomenon is bent in the vacuum precooling freshness retaining measure, and bottle is inserted life-span comparison according to prolongation.
Result of the test shows: vacuum pre-cooling has reached fast cooling simultaneously, replenished dehydration and has absorbed the triple purposes of antistaling agent in conjunction with absorbing antistaling agent.In the circulation practice, can carry out the fast processing of antistaling agent by this method.
Embodiment 2:
Cut-flower carnation ' Isac ' and ' Dona ' are available from Guandu District Dou Nan village, Kunming peasant household.Harvesting standard is for blooming 2 grades of indexes, and the amount of gathering amounts to 3600.Colored material in one's hands is put in order, and length is 40cm, 20 of every bundles.Handling process is with the Chinese rose cut-flower.6 treatment combinations are respectively:
Treatment combination 1--vacuum pre-cooling+do not feed water;
Treatment combination 2--vacuum pre-cooling+water spray;
Treatment combination 3--vacuum pre-cooling+suction;
The pre-place of treatment combination 4--vacuum pre-cooling+suction liquid
Treatment combination 5--0+ suction
The pre-place of treatment combination 6--freezer precooling+suction liquid
Method for supplementing water in the vacuum pre-cooling is established water spray and is absorbed water two and handles, and not give the additional measure (not feeding water) of any moisture in contrast.
The vacuum pre-cooling processing method: the cut-flower stem culm base of putting in order had one's hair trimmed to pack into to be filled in the container of 1.2 times of pre-place's liquid concentration or water, the consumption of solution should guarantee that cut-flower stem culm base submerges in 1.2 times of pre-place's liquid concentration or the water 5 centimetres, temperature-sensing probe is inserted in pre-place's liquid or the water simultaneously, the container that cut-flower is housed is put into vacuum tank, start vavuum pump, making vacuum tank be depressurized to vacuum is 7.5mmHg, make solution temperature reach 3 ℃ of predetermined temperature, close vavuum pump, and slowly be pressed onto normal pressure again (pressing 10 minutes time again).
Bottle cutting part temperature is 18 ℃～25 ℃; In order to increase relative air humidity fully watering on the floor; With 40 watts of fluorescent lamp light fillings.Change the water beta pruning next day of during this time.
Fresh weight variation after observation project vacuum and temperature, precooling front and back and the storage, the index of blooming, flower variable color rate, burnt limit rate, flower shape mutation rate, flower abnormal opening rate and bottle are inserted the life-span etc.
In the vacuum pre-cooling process, absorb water simultaneously and inhale the colored material of pre-place liquid, cooling rapidly, temperature is reduced to 8 ℃ behind the vacuum pre-cooling; But the colored material cooling rate that does not feed water is slow, and identical precooling time and deflation time (the about 20 minutes altogether) temperature of bleeding is only reduced to 18 ℃.As seen, suction and the pre-place of absorption liquid are beneficial to colored material cooling in the vacuum pre-cooling process.
Flower material fresh weight changes before and after the vacuum pre-cooling
As seen from Table 3, to absorb the colored material fresh weight total loss rate of pre-place liquid simultaneously minimum for vacuum pre-cooling; Xi Shui processing is simultaneously taken second place; It is the highest that vacuum pre-cooling does not feed water.
Embodiment 3:
' Deep Blue ' is available from Chinese holly fresh flower company of Kunming SAST for the cut-flower naringi crenulata.Harvesting standard is that sepal opens more than 80%, altogether 5500g flower material.
Processing method arrangement flower material, the long 60cm of scape, 500g is a bundle, is divided into 7 processing.Treatment combination is:
Treatment combination 1--vacuum pre-cooling+do not feed water
Treatment combination 2--vacuum pre-cooling+water spray
Treatment combination 3--vacuum pre-cooling+suction
Treatment combination 4--vacuum pre-cooling+precooling process is inhaled pre-place liquid
Treatment combination 5--vacuum pre-cooling+deflation course is inhaled pre-place liquid
Treatment combination 6--0+0
The pre-place of treatment combination 7--freezer precooling+suction liquid
Handle the back 17 ℃ of following simulate 72 hours, take out bottle and insert and observe.
The vacuum pre-cooling processing method: the cut-flower stem culm base of putting in order had one's hair trimmed to pack into to be filled in the container of 1.0 times of pre-place's liquid concentration or water, the consumption of solution should guarantee that cut-flower stem culm base submerges in 1.0 times of pre-place's liquid concentration or the water 6 centimetres, temperature-sensing probe is inserted in pre-place's liquid or the water simultaneously, the container that cut-flower is housed is put into vacuum tank, start vavuum pump, make vacuum tank be depressurized to 8.0mmHg, make solution temperature reach 2 ℃ of predetermined temperature, close vavuum pump, and slowly be pressed onto normal pressure again (pressing 13 minutes time again).
Bottle is transplanted a cutting part and is fully sprinkled water, adds daytime that to carry out bottle under the condition of 40W fluorescent lamp slotting on natural room temperature (19 ℃～22 ℃), ground.Change the water beta pruning next day of during this time.
Observe vacuum and slotting life-span of variations in temperature, fresh weight percent of loss and bottle in the mensuration project vacuum pre-cooling.Wherein, bottle is inserted the fate till the life-span yellow or little calyx sheet occur and occurs wilting to the stem wing and stem stalk from referring to insert from bottle, and the gained result is the mean of 10 colored materials.
Suction of vacuum and variations in temperature vacuum pre-cooling or the pre-place of absorption liquid in the vacuum pre-cooling, flower material cooling rate is very fast.
The fresh weight percent of loss sees Table 4.Suction simultaneously or the pre-place of absorption liquid can both reduce the moisture loss in the precooling effectively in the vacuum pre-cooling.
The slotting life appraisal of bottle as can be seen from Table 5, vacuum precooling freshness retaining transportation and the transportation of normal pressure precooling freshness retaining are simulated the same, have all obtained good effect.
Do not have fresh weight loss in vacuum pre-cooling, during bottle was inserted, the contrast flower material stem wing and stem stalk up to 60%, were whole flavescence at the 4th day at bottle xanthate ratio on the slotting same day, if absorb pre-place liquid simultaneously in precooling, all kept light green tall and straight during whole bottle is inserted, until exsiccation.The comprehensive assessment bottle is inserted the life-span, and contrast flower material has only 4 days, but the colored material of fresh-keeping transportation technology was up to 16 days.
Embodiment 4:
Cut-flower babysbreath ' perfection ' is available from Kunming Guandu District six township Zi Jun village peasant household.That gathers spends 30% Xiao Hua open, and 10% Xiao Hua wilts.Get 15kg flower material altogether.
Above-mentioned colored material directly is transported to Chinese holly fresh flower company of Kunming SAST from the place of production, arrangement once more, and every is left 5～6 branches, removes withered and yellow Xiao Hua as far as possible, is a bundle with 250g, and with the wrapping paper wrapping, every processing is with spending 2.5Kg.Carry out following 6 treatment combinations then respectively:
Treatment combination 1--vacuum pre-cooling+do not feed water;
Treatment combination 2--vacuum pre-cooling+water spray
Treatment combination 3--vacuum pre-cooling+suction
The pre-place of treatment combination 4--vacuum pre-cooling+suction liquid
Treatment combination 5--0+ suction
The pre-place of treatment combination 6--freezer precooling+suction liquid.
The vacuum pre-cooling processing method: the cut-flower stem culm base of putting in order had one's hair trimmed to pack into to be filled in the container of 0.9 times of pre-place liquid concentration, the consumption of solution should guarantee that cut-flower stem culm base submerges in 0.9 times of pre-place liquid concentration 4 centimetres, simultaneously temperature-sensing probe is inserted in the pre-place liquid, the container that cut-flower is housed is put into vacuum tank, start vavuum pump, make vacuum tank be depressurized to vacuum 7.8mmHg, make solution temperature reach 4 ℃ of predetermined temperature, close vavuum pump, and slowly be pressed onto normal pressure again (pressing 11 minutes time again).Handle the back 15 ℃ of following simulate 72 hours, take out bottle and insert and observe.
Fully sprinkle water, add daytime on natural room temperature (19 ℃～22 ℃), ground and carry out bottle under the condition of 40W fluorescent lamp and insert.Change the water beta pruning next day of during this time.
The variation of before and after vacuum and temperature, the precooling and storage back fresh weight, storage back packaging bag composition of gases within, little the flowers are in blossom spends sum, Xiao Hua wilted percent, the withered handle rate of Xiao Hua etc.
Observation shows, absorbs water simultaneously in the vacuum pre-cooling process and inhales the colored material that pre-place liquid is handled, and precooling is rapid, and temperature is reduced to 6 ℃ after the precooling; And the colored material that does not feed water and spray water, cooling rate is slow, and identical precooling is bled and deflation time (about 20 minutes altogether) temperature is only reduced to 13 ℃.This shows that suction and the pre-place of absorption liquid help the cooling of flower material in the vacuum pre-cooling process.
As seen from Table 6, to absorb the colored material fresh weight total loss rate of pre-place liquid simultaneously minimum for vacuum pre-cooling; The treatment combination that normal pressure is inhaled pre-place liquid down takes second place, and the percent of loss of vacuum pre-cooling water spray is the highest.
Found out that by table 7 it is 9 days that vacuum pre-cooling synthetical preservation technology flower material bottle is inserted the life-span, than long 1 day of freezer precooling comprehensive preservation, but contrast only had 3 days.
The above results shows, vacuum pre-cooling absorbs pre-place liquid technology simultaneously and obtains well transportation simulate effect, and its effect slightly is better than the effect that freezer precooling normal pressure absorbs pre-place liquid, and as seen moisturizing is extremely important in the vacuum pre-cooling, and the action effect of locating liquid in advance is also very obvious.
Embodiment 5:
The cut-flower dendrobium is available from Kunming Dou Nan peasant household.Harvesting standard is the index 3 of blooming, and gets 800 altogether.With the scape length that above-mentioned colored material is pressed 50cm, every processing is established 3 combinations altogether with spending 400.
Treatment combination 1--0+ suction
The pre-place of treatment combination 2--freezer precooling+suction liquid
The pre-place of treatment combination 3--vacuum pre-cooling+suction liquid
The vacuum pre-cooling processing method: the cut-flower stem culm base of putting in order had one's hair trimmed to pack into to be filled in the container of 2.0 times of pre-place liquid concentration, the consumption of solution should guarantee that cut-flower stem culm base submerges in 2.0 times of pre-place liquid concentration 5 centimetres, simultaneously temperature-sensing probe is inserted in the pre-place liquid, the container that cut-flower is housed is put into vacuum tank, start vavuum pump, make vacuum tank step-down vacuum 10mmHg, make solution temperature reach 14 ℃ of predetermined temperature, close vavuum pump, and slowly be pressed onto normal pressure again.In the time of vacuum pre-cooling, record vacuum and flower material stem stalk variations in temperature are dynamic.
Wherein, the forecooling method of contrast is conventional freezer forecooling method, promptly allows colored material absorb pre-place liquid 12 hours under 14 ℃ of low temperature; Inhaling pre-place liquid is will spend material to insert before precooling to fill in the Plastic Drum of a certain amount of pre-place liquid, together puts into vacuum tank together with Plastic Drum again.Precooling process is divided into pumped down (about 14 minutes) and multiple pressure (12 minutes) two stages of venting.The purpose of last stage is to make colored material fast cooling, and after-stage then is to promote flower material stem foot to absorb moisture by multiple the pressure, replenishes the moisture loss in the vacuum pre-cooling.
Above-mentioned vacuum pre-cooling and absorb process such as pre-place liquid and finish after, will spend material to pack in the polyethylene film packaging bag, pack in the corrugated case of liner polystyrene dividing plate together with packaging bag.In 17-20 ℃ constant heat storage, deposited 72 hours, the traffic condition in simulation air transport and railway air conditioning compartment, period detecting flower material stem stalk variations in temperature is dynamic.
After the transportation simulation finishes, measure O in the packaging bag
2And CO
2Concentration is unpacked then, detects flower material situation.Every processing is got 40 and is carried out the slotting observation of bottle, 10 flag detail records wherein.Bottle is transplanted a cutting part at natural room temperature (19 ℃～22 ℃), fully sprinkles water in ground, adds that to carry out bottle under the condition of 40W fluorescent lamp slotting daytime.Changing water next day of during this time cuts.
Observation project and method
(1) vacuum is measured with the vacuum measurement instrument of 400mmHg (Torr) measurement category, is spaced apart 1 minute.
(2) temperature comprises colored material temperature (containing flower and stem stalk) and water temperature.Fixed with semiconductor point temperature instrumentation.
(3) the curved footpath of rate, curved footpath rate=curved footpath flower number/confession examination flower sum * 100%
(4) bottle insert the life-span from bottle insert to the flower dew heart or petal fades, the fate till beginning to lose ornamental value such as variable color.
Vacuum pre-cooling absorbs pre-place liquid simultaneously, only with 5 ℃ of pre-cooling purposes that just reached expection in 30 minutes.As seen from Table 8, the contrast that is later than of neck phenomenon is bent in the vacuum precooling freshness retaining measure, and bottle is inserted life-span comparison according to prolongation.
Result of the test shows: vacuum pre-cooling has reached fast cooling simultaneously, replenished dehydration and has absorbed the triple purposes of antistaling agent in conjunction with absorbing antistaling agent.In the circulation practice, can carry out the fast processing of antistaling agent by this method.
Embodiment 6:
The cut-flower sword lily is available from Kunming Dou Nan peasant household.Harvesting standard is the index 3 of blooming, and gets 900 altogether.With the scape length that above-mentioned colored material is pressed 70cm, every processing is established 3 combinations altogether with spending 300.
Treatment combination 1--0+ suction
The pre-place of treatment combination 2--freezer precooling+suction liquid
The pre-place of treatment combination 3--vacuum pre-cooling+suction liquid
The vacuum pre-cooling processing method: the cut-flower stem culm base of putting in order had one's hair trimmed to pack into to be filled in the container of 1.5 times of pre-place liquid concentration, the consumption of solution should guarantee that cut-flower stem culm base submerges in the pre-place liquid 6 centimetres, simultaneously temperature-sensing probe is inserted in the pre-place liquid, the container that cut-flower is housed is put into vacuum tank, start vavuum pump, make vacuum tank be depressurized to vacuum 8.5mmHg, make solution temperature reach 7 ℃ of predetermined temperature, close vavuum pump, and slowly be pressed onto normal pressure again.In the time of vacuum pre-cooling, record vacuum and flower material stem stalk variations in temperature are dynamic.
Wherein, the forecooling method of contrast is conventional freezer forecooling method, promptly allows colored material absorb pre-place liquid 12 hours under 7 ℃ of low temperature; Inhaling pre-place liquid is will spend material to insert before precooling to fill in the Plastic Drum of a certain amount of pre-place liquid, together puts into vacuum tank together with Plastic Drum again.Precooling process is divided into pumped down (about 14 minutes) and multiple pressure (12 minutes) two stages of venting.The purpose of last stage is to make colored material fast cooling, and after-stage then is to promote flower material stem foot to absorb moisture by multiple the pressure, replenishes the moisture loss in the vacuum pre-cooling.
Above-mentioned vacuum pre-cooling and absorb process such as pre-place liquid and finish after, will spend material to pack in the polyethylene film packaging bag, pack in the corrugated case of liner polystyrene dividing plate together with packaging bag.In 17-20 ℃ constant heat storage, deposited 72 hours, the traffic condition in simulation air transport and railway air conditioning compartment, period detecting flower material stem stalk variations in temperature is dynamic.
After the transportation simulation finishes, measure O in the packaging bag
2And CO
2Concentration is unpacked then, detects flower material situation.Every processing is got 40 and is carried out the slotting observation of bottle, 10 flag detail records wherein.Bottle is transplanted a cutting part at natural room temperature (19 ℃～22 ℃), fully sprinkles water in ground, adds that to carry out bottle under the condition of 40W fluorescent lamp slotting daytime.Changing water next day of during this time cuts.
Observation project and method
(1.) vacuum is measured with the vacuum measurement instrument of 400mmHg (Torr) measurement category, is spaced apart 1 minute.
(2) temperature comprises colored material temperature (containing flower and stem stalk) and water temperature.Fixed with semiconductor point temperature instrumentation.
(3) bottle insert the life-span from bottle fade to petal from slotting, the fate till beginning to lose ornamental value such as variable color.
Vacuum pre-cooling absorbs pre-place liquid simultaneously, only with 5 ℃ of pre-cooling purposes that just reached expection in 30 minutes.As seen from Table 9, the contrast that is later than of neck phenomenon is bent in the vacuum precooling freshness retaining measure, and bottle is inserted life-span comparison according to prolongation.
Result of the test shows: vacuum pre-cooling has reached fast cooling simultaneously, replenished dehydration and has absorbed the triple purposes of antistaling agent in conjunction with absorbing antistaling agent.In the circulation practice, can carry out the fast processing of antistaling agent by this method.
The influence in life-span is inserted in the combination of table 1 different disposal to the cut rose flower bottle
| Treatment combination | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| The slotting life-span of bottle (my god) | 4.2 | 5.7 | 7.2 |
The combination of table 2 different disposal is to the influence of cut rose flower elbow rate
| Treatment combination | The slotting fate of bottle | |||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | |
| 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 40 | 100 | 100 |
| 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 20 | 100 | 100 |
| 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 80 | 80 |
Table 3 carnation different disposal combination vacuum pre-cooling weight change relatively
| Treatment combination | Preceding heavy (g) | Back heavy (g) | Percent of loss (%) |
| 1 | 5925 | 5625 | 3.9 |
| 2 | 5990 | 6100 | -1.8 |
| 3 | 5910 | 6270 | -6.1 |
| 4 | 5790 | 6140 | -6.4 |
| 5 | 5700 | 5521 | 3.1 |
| 6 | 6180 | 5994 | 0.3 |
Table 4 naringi crenulata cut-flower different disposal combination vacuum pre-cooling weight change relatively
| Treatment combination | Preceding heavy (g) | Back heavy (g) | Percent of loss (%) |
| 1 | 5320 | 5155 | 3.1 |
| 2 | 5480 | 5665 | -3.4 |
| 3 | 5090 | 5340 | -4.9 |
| 4 | 5760 | 6088 | -5.7 |
| 5 | 5420 | 5628 | -4.4 |
| 6 | 5310 | 5374 | -1.2 |
| 7 | 5245 | 5392 | -2.8 |
The influence in life-span is inserted in the combination of table 5 different disposal to cut-flower naringi crenulata bottle
| Treatment combination | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
| The slotting life-span of bottle (my god) | 4 | 6 | 8 | 16 | 12 | 2 | 15 |
Table 6 cut-flower babysbreath different disposal combination vacuum pre-cooling weight change relatively
| Treatment combination | Preceding heavy (g) | Back heavy (g) | Percent of loss (%) |
| 1 | 1620 | 1575 | 2.8 |
| 2 | 1884 | 1775 | 5.8 |
| 3 | 1615 | 1653 | -2.4 |
| 4 | 1600 | 1680 | -5.0 |
| 5 | 1635 | 1655 | -1.2 |
| 6 | 1825 | 1876 | -2.8 |
The influence in life-span is inserted in the combination of table 7 different disposal to the babysbreath bottle
| Treatment combination | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
| The slotting life-span of bottle (my god) | 5 | 3 | 6 | 9 | 3 | 8 |
The influence in life-span is inserted in the combination of table 8 different disposal to the dendrobium bottle
| Treatment combination | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| The slotting life-span prolongation of bottle (my god) | 0 | 5 | 6 |
The influence in life-span is inserted in the combination of table 9 different disposal to the sword lily bottle
| Treatment combination | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| The slotting life-span prolongation of bottle (my god) | 0 | 3 | 4 |
Claims (5)
1, prevent the method for moisture loss in a kind of cut-flower vacuum pre-cooling process, its process is as follows: the cut-flower stem culm base of putting in order is had one's hair trimmed and packed into to be filled in the container of pre-place liquid, the consumption of pre-place liquid should guarantee that cut-flower stem culm base submerges in the pre-place liquid, simultaneously temperature-sensing probe is inserted in the pre-place liquid, the container that cut-flower is housed is put into vacuum tank, start vavuum pump, make vacuum tank be depressured to predetermined vacuum, make pre-place liquid temp reach precooling end-temperature, close vavuum pump, and slowly be pressed onto normal pressure again, it is characterized in that: for the cut-flower that originates in the torrid zone, described precooling end-temperature is 13-15 ℃, and described vacuum is 9-11mmHg, and described pre-place liquid concentration is 1.8-2.2 times; For original semi-tropical cut-flower, described precooling end-temperature is 6-8 ℃, and described vacuum is 8-9mmHg, and described pre-place liquid concentration is 1.3-1.7 times; For the cut-flower that originates in the temperate zone, described precooling end-temperature is 2-5 ℃, and described vacuum is 7.2-8.0mmHg, and described pre-place liquid concentration is 0.8-1.2 times.
2, the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, the consumption of described pre-place liquid submerges in the solution 4-8 centimetre for making cut-flower stem stalk.
3, the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, replaces pre-place liquid with water.
4, the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, described temperature sensing device is a Wen Yi.
5, the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, the described time of pressure again is 10-13 minute.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN 200410009442 CN1274200C (en) | 2004-08-19 | 2004-08-19 | Moisture loss prevention method during cut flower vacuum precooling course |
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| CN 200410009442 CN1274200C (en) | 2004-08-19 | 2004-08-19 | Moisture loss prevention method during cut flower vacuum precooling course |
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| CN102273509A (en) * | 2011-07-21 | 2011-12-14 | 上海理工大学 | Method for preventing bean milk from being splashed during vacuum cooling |
| CN105158113B (en) * | 2015-10-26 | 2017-10-27 | 石河子大学 | Blade fast transfer device for accurate measurement fresh weight |
| CN112005755A (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2020-12-01 | 云南锦苑花卉产业股份有限公司 | Post-harvest treatment, storage and transportation method of cut flower Chinese rose |
| CN114793669B (en) * | 2021-12-08 | 2023-04-18 | 中国农业大学 | Cut flower pre-refrigeration house control system and method |
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