CN1273030A - 发散挥发性物质的垫片 - Google Patents

发散挥发性物质的垫片 Download PDF

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CN1273030A
CN1273030A CN99119783A CN99119783A CN1273030A CN 1273030 A CN1273030 A CN 1273030A CN 99119783 A CN99119783 A CN 99119783A CN 99119783 A CN99119783 A CN 99119783A CN 1273030 A CN1273030 A CN 1273030A
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layer
pad
metal
carrier layer
volatile materials
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S·J·弗莱申斯基
N·弗努克
L·J·布兹
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SC Johnson and Son Inc
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SC Johnson and Son Inc
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
    • A01M13/00—Fumigators; Apparatus for distributing gases
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L9/00—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air
    • A61L9/015—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air using gaseous or vaporous substances, e.g. ozone
    • A61L9/02—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air using gaseous or vaporous substances, e.g. ozone using substances evaporated in the air by heating or combustion
    • A61L9/03—Apparatus therefor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
    • A01N25/18—Vapour or smoke emitting compositions with delayed or sustained release
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N53/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing cyclopropane carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
    • Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
    • Y10T428/249955—Void-containing component partially impregnated with adjacent component
    • Y10T428/249958—Void-containing component is synthetic resin or natural rubbers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
    • Y10T442/2525—Coating or impregnation functions biologically [e.g., insect repellent, antiseptic, insecticide, bactericide, etc.]
    • Y10T442/2541—Insect repellent

Abstract

本发明公开了用于发散挥发性蒸汽如杀虫剂的垫片。该垫片是多层的。一层是浸泡了挥发性物质的载体层。该层固定到至少一层金属层上。金属层为加热器传热,从而减少过热点。在其它实施方案中,加入附加层以进一步散热或使温度逐步降低。两层之间可形成空隙。

Description

发散挥发性物质的垫片
本发明涉及发散挥发性物质，如防治害虫物质，包括但不限于杀虫剂和驱虫剂和香味剂。更具体地是涉及与电、燃气、可燃性液体或蜡为燃料的加热器或其他热源结合使用的含挥发性物质的垫片。用于本目的的一种电加热器是S.C.Johnson & Son，Inc.出售的，商标为FUYI VAPE的电加热器。
本领域已知，可用挥发性物质浸泡固体的多孔纤维素垫片或把挥发性物质放在盘状金属结构上。然后将这些垫片和盘放在加热器上，使得挥发性物质蒸发到空气中。
金属盘状结构存在的问题是典型的加热器会导致挥发性物质暴露在过热的环境中。这会导致挥发性物质过快用尽或在热降解过程中变质或被破坏。
垫片存在相似的问题，而且还有关于其暴露在加热器表面不同的温度下的问题。低价格的现有加热器通常沿其加热表面在某些点有较热区域。因此垫片会有不均匀和不充分的蒸发。
上述问题对于延长打算使用一周或更长时间的产品寿命是越来越重要了。仅仅添加额外的挥发物以增加产品的容量和寿命并不适用，因为延长挥发性物质暴露在过高温度下的时间会降解或破坏挥发性物质，并且在高温下，最初会有不成比例的挥发物蒸发掉，随后剩下不充足量的挥发物以有效量释放。
另一个设计中考虑的问题是，现有的加热器为了安全或其他原因，必须适合小加热器的装料口或孔，通常只能容纳具有小截面形状的板状插片。这样，任何解决延长寿命问题的方案需优先考虑现有加热器所强加的尺寸限制。
而另一个设计中要考虑的关键问题是价格。这种垫片通常用于具有一般平均年收入的国家。为了在这些国家更具实用性，垫片必须是便宜的。
由此可知存在改善挥发性物质发散装置的需要。
一方面，本发明提供了一种当加热时可用于发散挥发性蒸汽的垫片。该垫片具有一个载体层，该载体层是固体载体材料，挥发性物质放于其中，载体材料如此构造和排列以便加热时能发散出挥发性物质。还有固定在载体层的一面的第一金属层。第一金属层优选粘附固定在载体层的一面，尽管压接、铆接和其他使两层相连的方式也可以使用并包括在本发明的范围内。除非说明有相反结果，如本文所述，尽管粘结通常是优选的，相互固定的所有层都可以任何上述或等效的方式固定。当金属层相对于载体材料的一面被加热时，金属层沿其表面分布热量并将热量传递到载体上。
挥发性物质优选杀虫剂、驱虫剂、生长调节剂或其他防治昆虫物质。另一方面，挥发性物质可以是芳香剂、除臭剂或其他改进空气质量的物质。载体物质优选纤维素物质。
在第二实施方案中，垫片还具有固定到第一金属层与载体层相对的一面的非金属层。非金属层提供从加热器温度到挥发性物质经受温度的梯度降低。优选还具有第二金属层，所述第二金属层固定在非金属层与第一金属层相对的一面。这一实施方案提供了进一步的温度梯度降低和分布。
在另一实施方案中，距离挥发性物质最远的最后一层是非金属层，该层与加热器接触。这一实施方案特别适合用于温度控制不良的加热器。
在另一实施方案中，垫片具有非金属层，从其上延伸出支脚部分，优选向下延伸，远离挥发性物质；并且垫片还具有第二金属层粘附固定在与第一金属层相对的支脚上。通过这种排列，在非金属层和第二金属层之间形成空隙。这一实施方案特别适合用于偶尔出现高温的加热器。
本发明的垫片能更均匀地沿其表面传热，同时减少了可能由控制不良的加热器或设计用于温度不敏感的挥发物的加热器产生的过高温度。
本发明的这些和其他特征以及优点可从下列描述中看得更加清楚。下列描述是关于优选实施方案的。权利要求应当看作用来理解本发明的全部范围。
图1是本发明发散挥发性物质的垫片的垂直剖面图；
图2，3和4是与图1相似的图，显示其他三个实施方案；和
图5是图4实施方案的左视图和正视图。
图1以点线表示电加热器的部分10。加热器可为前文所述的FUYI VAPE加热器，只是该电热器通常使用的单层垫片被本发明的垫片代替。FUYI VAPE加热器是电阻加热器，具有一块扁平向上裸露的板10，在该板上或紧挨着该板放置本发明的垫片12(或12A或12B或12C)。FUYI VAPE加热器是用于举例说明，用于类似垫片的其他任何类型的加热器也可代替它来使用。
为了便于描述，指定热的加热器表面是“向下”的方向，而所指垫片的特征是互相在“更上面的”或“更下面的”或“在…上面”或“在…下面”。事实上，一些普通加热器的加热表面是垂直的，但这样的变化对于理解本发明的垫片并不重要。
垫片12上层是固体载体层14，优选由纸或其他多孔纤维素质的材料制成。其他固体多孔基质也可使用，如烧结玻璃、塑料珠、天然或合成纤维以及其它具吸收性和吸附性的物质。载体层14用挥发性物质16浸泡。当将垫片12放于加热器上加热时，挥发性物质就从其中释放出来。
在载体层14下面是第一金属材料层18，如铝层。优选通过粘合剂20将其固定在载体层14上。优选的粘合剂是一种聚合物粘合剂，如ManufacturerResources Inc.(New Berlin，威斯康星州)出售的粘合剂“711”。也可使用其他粘合剂，如耐高温的丙烯酸树脂类和聚氨酯类。选择粘合剂时，优选粘合剂是热稳定的并能将金属层粘合到非金属层上。而且，优选具有最低隔热性能的粘合剂。
第一金属层18沿其表面分散热量，然后传递到载体层14。这有助于减少过热部位并在某种程度上使温度逐步降低。
图2-5说明了其它实施方案，其中相似的元件用相似的后缀有A，B或C的对照数字表示。
参看图2，垫片12包括用挥发性物质16A浸泡的载体层14A以及第一和第二金属层18A和26A。还包括一低热导性物质层22A，如纤维垫、陶瓷、纤维素等。如果需要并正确地选择，用于载体层14A的同样物质还可用于层22A，虽然是不含挥发性物质的。优选粘合剂20A，24A和28A将各层固定在一起，它们可以均为“711”粘合剂或相似的粘合剂。实施方案12A呈现更加均匀的热量分散以及更显著的温度逐步降低。
除了没有金属层26A或插入粘合剂28A外，实施方案12B(图3所示)与实施方案12A相似。非金属材料22B与加热器直接接触。
除了低热导性非金属层22C具有由支脚32C和34C形成的空腔部分30C外，实施方案12C(图4和5所示)与实施方案12B有些相似。这种腔形成空隙，能更进一步地减少垫片中心附近的过热区域。第二金属层36C从一支脚32C延伸至另一支脚34C，该金属层用粘合剂38C和40C固定到支脚32C和34C上。腔的侧面可与空气相通，或如图所示侧面完全密封。
挥发性物质优选是已知的一种或混合的杀虫剂和驱虫剂。特别优选有机磷杀虫剂，类脂酰胺(lipidamide)类杀虫剂，天然驱避剂如香茅油，天然除虫菊酯类和除虫菊提取物和合成除虫菊酯。合适的合成除虫菊酯是丙烯除虫菊酯如右旋丙烯除虫菊酯，丙烯菊酯(Pynamin)，benfluthrin，氟氯菊酯，生物烯丙菊酯如Pynamin Forte，S-生物烯丙菊酯，右旋反式烯丙菊酯，S-生物烯丙菊酯(esbiol)，生物苄呋菊酯，乙氰菊酯，氟氯氰菊酯，β-氟氯氰菊酯，氯氟氰菊酯，λ-氯氟氰菊酯，氯氰菊酯，α-氯氰菊酯，β-氯氰菊酯，苯醚氰菊酯，溴氰菊酯，烯炔菊酯，高氰戊菊酯，甲氰菊酯，氰戊菊酯，氟氰戊菊酯，氟胺氰菊酯，噻嗯菊酯，氯菊酯，苯醚菊酯，左旋炔丙菊酯如EtoC，苄呋菊酯，七氟菊酯，胺菊酯或四溴菊酯。也可使用在U.S.4439415中公开的其他挥发性杀虫剂。本文全部引用该专利公开的内容作为参考，正如本文参考的所有专利或出版物所公开的内容一样。
最优选的是生物烯丙菊酯Pynamin Forte。对于特别需要的效果可通过下述方法来获得：将40mg活性成分溶于60mg烃类溶剂Isopar M(来自Exxon)中。用得到的100mg溶液浸泡基本上是平的垫片的纤维素部分，垫块的俯视尺寸是22mm×35mm。优选纤维素层厚为大约2.5mm并在浸泡前用10mg的711粘合剂粘合到0.5mm厚的铝箔上。
本发明的垫片中也可使用除臭剂，如基于萜烯的除臭芳香剂。而且，也可使用挥发性芳香剂、消毒剂或其他空气质量改进剂，如二醇类、丙二醇(trimethylene)和双丙甘醇(dipropylene)。此外，也可使用与所用基质和空气相容的有机酸。
本发明并不限于所示的具体实施方案。权利要求应当看作用于评价所要求发明的全范围。
本发明提供发散挥发性物质如杀虫剂的垫片。该垫片特别适用于长时间防治蚊子。

Claims (8)

1.一种加热时发散挥发性蒸汽的垫片，该垫片含有：
a.其中放有挥发性物质的固体载体层，该载体层如此构造和排列以便于在加热时发散出挥发性物质；和
b.固定在载体层一面的第一金属层，借此，当加热金属层与载体层相对的一面时，该金属层沿其表面传热并将热量传递至载体层。
2.权利要求1所述的垫片，其中挥发性物质选自杀虫剂，驱虫剂，昆虫生长调节剂和它们的组合物。
3.权利要求1所述的垫片，其中所述的载体层是纤维素质材料。
4.权利要求1所述的垫片，还含有：
a.非金属层，该非金属层固定在第一金属层与载体层相对的一面；和
b.第二金属层，该第二金属层固定在非金属层与第一金属层相对的一面。
5.权利要求1所述的垫片，还含有非金属层，该非金属层固定在第一金属层与载体层相对的一面。
6.权利要求5所述的垫片，其中所述载体层的厚度与第一金属层基本相同。
7.权利要求5所述的垫片，其中所述非金属层上延伸出支脚部分，并且该垫片还含有第二金属层，该第二金属层粘合固定在与第一金属层相对的支脚上。
8.权利要求7所述的垫片，其中在所述非金属层和所述第二金属层之间形成空腔部分。
CN99119783A 1999-05-07 1999-08-30 发散挥发性物质的垫片 Pending CN1273030A (zh)

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US09/307,150 US6309986B1 (en) 1999-05-07 1999-05-07 Mat for dispensing volatile materials
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CN100376153C (zh) * 2003-02-13 2008-03-26 约翰逊父子公司 两阶段的发散垫片
CN105994442A (zh) * 2016-06-25 2016-10-12 广西柳州昊邦日化有限公司 电蚊香片
CN107810954A (zh) * 2017-10-25 2018-03-20 成都彩虹电器（集团）股份有限公司 一种白色蚊香及其制备方法

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ES2188535T3 (es) 2003-07-01
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BRPI0006945B8 (pt) 2021-06-22
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AU4502900A (en) 2000-11-21
DE60001303T2 (de) 2004-01-22
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US6309986B1 (en) 2001-10-30
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