CN1272404C - Low-tar biomass gasifying method and apparatus - Google Patents
Low-tar biomass gasifying method and apparatus Download PDFInfo
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- CN1272404C CN1272404C CN 200510043836 CN200510043836A CN1272404C CN 1272404 C CN1272404 C CN 1272404C CN 200510043836 CN200510043836 CN 200510043836 CN 200510043836 A CN200510043836 A CN 200510043836A CN 1272404 C CN1272404 C CN 1272404C
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a biomass gasifying method and a device. A thermal cracking process of solid biomass and a cracking gasification process of a thermal cracking product are separated, and the biomass is converted into combustible gas which has very low tar content. The biomass is conveyed into a thermal cracking reactor, no oxidizing agents are led into the reactor, and thermal cracking reaction is carried out at the temperature of 400 to 650 DEG C. The thermal cracking product comprises thermal cracking gas and carbon residue, the thermal cracking product enters a cracking gasification device to have incomplete oxidation combustion reaction with oxidizing agents led into the cracking gasification device, and a high temperature region of 900 to 1100 DEG C is formed. Heavy hydrocarbon substances of tar are cracked into micromolecule gas. The cracked gas and a glowing carbon layer in the lower part have reduction reaction, and then, the gas leaves the gasification device. After being purified and cooled, high temperature gas is used by users. The generated gas contains the very low tar content; therefore, subsequent purifying equipment is simple, no secondary pollution from tar liquid is generated, and the adapting range of raw material is wide. The generated fuel gas can be used in civil use and can be directly used for generating electricity.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind ofly produce the method and apparatus of inflammable gas, a kind of specifically low-tar biomass gasifying method and device from biomass.
Background technology
Biomass are organic substances that plant generates by photosynthesis, and its reserves are abundant, exist extensively, and be a kind of important renewable energy.Growing tension along with oil shortage, power supply situation, the development and utilization of biomass energy has caused people's great attention, it utilizes form varied, can be divided into biological process and thermochemistry transformation approach substantially, and gasifying biomass is a kind of of thermochemistry switch technology.
Gasifying biomass is to utilize thermochemical method to make biomass under anoxic condition redox reaction take place, and produces the inflammable mixture of compositions such as hydrogen, carbon monoxide and methane.Its main gasification installation has fixed-bed gasification furnace and fluidized-bed gasification furnace.Fixed-bed gasification furnace reaction in furnace speed is slow, and it is little to handle the material amount, and it is not very strict that the pre-treatment of raw material is required, and gasification technology is relatively ripe; Fluidized-bed gasification furnace reaction in furnace speed is fast, and it is big to handle the material amount, and the general requirement raw material pulverizing relatively is suitable for maximizing and produces.But just at present, two kinds of coal-tar middle oil content of equipment for gasification gas generation process are generally very high, make follow-up treating plant become very complicated, influenced the use of combustion gas to a certain extent.
What the employing of processing tar was more at present is catalystic pyrolysis in aerogenesis after washing method and the gas generation process.WATER-WASHING METHOD is by water is removed the most of tar in the combustion gas, and this method cost is low, simple to operate, but exists not enough: a large amount of water source of (1) waste, and easily cause the secondary pollution of tar liquid; (2) tar of disposing can not utilize, and causes the waste of the energy.Catalystic pyrolysis uses cheap rhombspar or Wingdale etc. as catalyzer, but this mode ubiquity catalyst carbon deposit problem influences work-ing life, and need manipulation of regeneration, the equal more complicated of equipment and technology, the production cost of combustion gas improves, and coke tar cracking is not thorough.
At above-mentioned situation, the present invention has carried out research in depth to biomass gasification process coal-tar middle oil formation mechanism and cracking condition, develop low-tar biomass gasifying method and device, made most tar in reaction process, be cracked into low hydrocarbon combustion gas, reduced basic tar content in the combustion gas.Adopt high temperature filtration, indirect refrigerative method purifying gas, the secondary pollution that can not produce tar water.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of low-tar biomass gasifying method and gasification reactor apparatus thereof with extensive adaptability to raw material.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this: pyrolytic reaction at first takes place in biomass material in pyrolysis reactor under 400-650 ℃ of condition, pyrolysis product directly enters the pyrolysis gasification device, with the oxygenant generation oxidizing fire reaction that feeds, form one 900-1100 ℃ high-temperature zone, this moment, macromole heavy hydrocarbon material was cracked into micro-molecular gas, leave gasifier after the red-hot carbon-coating generation reduction reaction in gas after the cracking and bottom, obtain the very low inflammable gas of tar content.
A kind of low-tar biomass gasifying method of the present invention comprises the steps:
(1) biomass are sent into pyrolysis reactor, and by outer thermal source heating, the non-oxidation agent feeds, and under 400-650 ℃ of condition pyrolytic reaction takes place;
(2) pyrolysis product (comprising pyrolysis gas and carbon residue) directly enters the pyrolysis gasification device, incomplete oxidizing fire reaction takes place with the oxygenant that feeds, form one 900-1100 ℃ high-temperature zone, this moment, the macromole heavy hydrocarbon material of so-called tar was cracked into micro-molecular gas;
(3) gas that produces behind the Pintsch process leaves gasifier after reducing through the red-hot carbon-coating in bottom, forms the very low inflammable gas of tar content;
In order to realize aforesaid method, the present invention has adopted the substep gasification installation of being made up of pyrolysis reactor and pyrolysis gasification device.At first quality is loose, the mixed and disorderly biomass of profile are sent in the pyrolysis reactor by doser, under the thermal source effect outside, pyrolytic reaction takes place, pyrolysis product (comprising pyrolysis gas and carbon residue) directly enters in the pyrolysis gasification device, the oxygenant generation imperfect combustion reaction of pyrolysis product and feeding, form the high-temperature zone, gas behind the Pintsch process through the red-hot carbon-coating in bottom and with its generation reduction reaction after enter in the oxidant preheater by the outlet of pyrolysis gasification device, enter high-temperature filter and combustion gas water cooler behind the preheated oxidant successively after purifying cooling, deliver to the user by the combustion gas transfer roller and use.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1, gasifying biomass schema Fig. 2, the pusher pyrolysis reactor structure iron of cylinder
Among the figure: the 1-biomass material; 2-pyrolysis reactor material inlet; 3-pyrolysis reactor drive-motor; The 4-spiral propeller; The outer thermal source of 5-; 6-pyrolysis reactor material outlet; The 7-pyrolysis product; The import of 8-pyrolysis gasification implements material; 9-pyrolysis gasification device high-temperature zone; 10-pyrolysis gasification device thermal insulation layer; 11-pyrolysis gasification device fire grate; 12-pyrolysis gasification device ash output hole; The hot gas outlet of 13-; The import of 14-hot oxidant; 15-is the oxygenant of preheating not; The 16-oxidant preheater; The 17-hot precipitator; The 18-water coolant; 19-combustion gas water cooler; The 20-cooling backwater; 21-combustion gas handling machinery; Combustion gas after 22-purifies; The 23-material feeding box; The 24-roller; 25-fries plate; The outer thermal source of 26-; The 27-gear ring; The 28-feed box; The 29-support roller; The 30-gear; The 31-motor
Pyrolysis reactor, pyrolysis gasification device, oxidant preheater, hot precipitator, combustion gas are cold But all there is pipeline to link to each other between device and the combustion gas conveyer, forms a continuous technical process; This The pyrolysis apparatus of invention has adopted two kinds of different mechanically-propelled sides according to the difference of feed throughput Formula, a kind of is as shown in Figure 1 screw-pushing type pyrolysis reactor, another kind is such as Fig. 2 institute The pusher pyrolysis reactor of the cylinder that shows, the material quantity that this pyrolysis reactor is processed is than first kind The mechanically-propelled mode is much bigger. The outer thermal source of described pyrolysis reactor can be electrical heating, also can To be the heating of flue gas or other thermal source.
Embodiment
Embodiment one:
With the Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae is gasified raw material, need not to pulverize, pack in the doser (2), in pyrolysis reactor, feed hot smoke pre-heating native system, to 550 ℃, starter motor (3), the beginning charging, the about 50kg/h of input speed, Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae enters in the pyrolysis reactor, screw propulsion under the effect of mechanical force, pyrolytic reaction takes place, pyrolysis product (comprising pyrolysis gas and carbon residue) all enters in the pyrolysis gasification device, the hot oxidant that feeds with top control is that incomplete oxidizing fire reaction takes place air (14), form a high-temperature zone (9), about 1000 ℃, at this moment, macromolecular heavy hydrocarbon material at high temperature is cracked into micro-molecular gas, unburnt carbon residue drops on the fire grate (11) of below, the gas after the cracking through the red-hot carbon-coating in below and with its generation reduction reaction after, enter in the oxidant preheater (16) through air outlet (13), behind the preheated oxidant, combustion gas enters high-temperature filter (17) successively, in the combustion gas water cooler (19),, deliver to the user by combustion gas handling machinery (21) and use through purifying cooled combustion gas (22).The combustion gas that produces can be civilian, also can be directly used in generating.The dust collection chamber of the ash that has reacted below fire grate falls into the pyrolysis gasification device discharged by ash output hole (12).The inflammable gas composition that obtains is: CO 11.67%, CO
215.67%, CH
43.88%, O
20.56%, H
213.72%, C
2Above composition 0.97%, N
253.53%; Fuel gases calorific value is 4.98MJ/Nm
3
Embodiment two:
Raw material is changed to corn stalk, handles through hay cutter, length gets final product below 10cm, and the about 35kg/h of input speed, pyrolytic reaction actuator temperature are about 400 ℃, and the high-temperature zone of pyrolysis gasification device is controlled at 900 ℃, and all the other steps and method are with embodiment one.The gas ingredients that obtains is: CO12.24%, CO
219.65%, CH
42.58%, O
20.74%, H
216.48%, C
2Above composition 0.64%, N
247.67%; Fuel gases calorific value is 4.68MJ/m
3
Embodiment three:
Raw material is changed to corn cob, need not to pulverize, the about 70kg/h of input speed, pyrolytic reaction actuator temperature are 650 ℃, and the high-temperature zone of pyrolysis gasification device is controlled at 1050 ℃, and all the other steps and method are with embodiment one.The gas ingredients that obtains is: CO 13.49%, CO
217.63%, CH
42.49%, O
20.57%, H
220.1%, C
2Above composition 0.64%, N
245.81%; Fuel gases calorific value is 5.17MJ/m
3
Embodiment four:
Raw material is changed to corn cob, need not to pulverize, use the pusher pyrolysis reactor of cylinder shown in Figure 2, the about 800kg/h of input speed, pyrolytic reaction actuator temperature are 500 ℃, and the high-temperature zone of pyrolysis gasification device is controlled at 1000 ℃, and all the other steps and method are with embodiment one.The gas ingredients that obtains is: CO 12.49%, CO
218.13%, CH
42.56%, O
20.65%, H
219.68%, C
2Above composition 0.72%, N
245.77%; Fuel gases calorific value is 5.09MJ/m
3
The invention has the advantages that:
1. the present invention separates pyrolysis and two processes of gasification, and quality is loose, the mixed and disorderly life of profile Material by pyrolysis reactor, has overcome in the past fixed-bed gasification furnace under the effect of mechanical force Easily produce bridge formation, cavity, react unsettled shortcoming. Biomass material does not need degree of depth preliminary treatment, The raw material wide accommodation.
2. the present invention separates pyrolysis and two processes of gasification, and quality is loose, the mixed and disorderly life of profile Material is through after the pyrolysis, the bulk density of the carbon of formation and mobile have more greatly than raw material change See, thermal decomposition product can enter reduction section by the combustion zone at an easy rate, forms stable burning Reduction reaction, and can avoid because reacting the uneven local coking phenomenon that causes.
3. tar content is very low in the fuel gas of the present invention's generation, after so greatly having simplified Continuous cleaning equipment has been eliminated the secondary pollution of tar liquid.
Claims (3)
1, a kind of low-tar biomass gasifying method is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
(1) biomass material is sent in the pyrolysis reactor, the non-oxidation agent feeds, and under 400-650 ℃ of condition pyrolytic reaction takes place;
(2) pyrolysis product comprises that pyrolysis gas and carbon residue enter in the pyrolysis gasification device, with the oxygenant that feeds incomplete oxidizing fire reaction takes place, and forms one 900-1100 ℃ high-temperature zone;
(3) leave gasifier after the red-hot carbon-coating generation reduction reaction in gas behind the Pintsch process and pyrolysis gasification device bottom.
2, a kind of low-tar biomass gasifier that is used for the described method of claim 1, it is characterized in that: pyrolysis and two processes of gasification are separated, and pyrolysis reactor is made up of opening for feed (2), discharge port (6), outer thermal source (5), spiral thruster (4) and drive-motor (3); The pyrolysis gasification device is made up of material inlet (8), ash output hole (12), hot oxidant import (14), hot gas outlet (13), thermal insulation layer (10), fire grate (11) and high-temperature zone (9); All there is pipeline to link to each other between pyrolysis reactor, pyrolysis gasification device, oxidant preheater (16), hot precipitator (17), combustion gas water cooler (19) and the combustion gas handling machinery (21), forms a successive technological process.
3, a kind of low-tar biomass gasifier according to claim 2 is characterized in that: the thruster of described pyrolysis reactor is the drum-type thruster.
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| CN 200510043836 CN1272404C (en) | 2005-06-16 | 2005-06-16 | Low-tar biomass gasifying method and apparatus |
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| CN1272404C true CN1272404C (en) | 2006-08-30 |
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Cited By (1)
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| CN101294707B (en) * | 2007-04-27 | 2011-09-14 | 韩枫 | Biomass fuel thermal decomposition vaporization combustion method |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101294707B (en) * | 2007-04-27 | 2011-09-14 | 韩枫 | Biomass fuel thermal decomposition vaporization combustion method |
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