CN1270753A - 液体电加热容器 - Google Patents

液体电加热容器 Download PDF

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CN1270753A
CN1270753A CN 98809016 CN98809016A CN1270753A CN 1270753 A CN1270753 A CN 1270753A CN 98809016 CN98809016 CN 98809016 CN 98809016 A CN98809016 A CN 98809016A CN 1270753 A CN1270753 A CN 1270753A
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约翰·C·泰勒
基思·B·多伊尔
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Abstract

一种液体电加热容器(2)具有一个由300系列不锈钢制成的加热壁部件(6),加热壁部件具有一个层叠在其干侧的厚膜加热器(4)。

Description

液体电加热容器
本发明涉及液体电加热容器,例如水壶或热水罐,尤其涉及(但又不局限于)在容器基底部分下侧具有一个加热器的容器。
最新的一代水壶或热水罐采用的是被称之为“厚膜”的加热器。“厚膜”加热器及其制造方法在本领域是熟知的,在此就不必再详细描述了。在WO96/18331和WO96/17497中有举例说明。简短地说,厚膜加热器包括一个施加(例如印刷)到一个位于一个金属基片上的电绝缘层上的电阻加热轨迹。金属基片本身可以是容器的一个整体部分,也可以是安装于用以封闭位于容器基底上的开口的独立的金属板件。后一种结构尤其适用于塑料壁容器。
考虑到它们的机械性能、热膨胀和导热性能的原因,在这样的应用中,所谓的400系列不锈钢已被用作金属基底的材料。虽然可以假定这样的钢具有令人满意的耐腐蚀性,事实上,已发现当被浸泡在水中时,它们易受凹痕和裂缝腐蚀(pitting and crevice corrosion)和表面锈蚀(surface rusting),除非将他们在制造过程中产生的表面氧化物彻底清除。这种腐蚀作用由于不锈钢的重复加热和冷却而被加重。因此,除非经过处理,否则接触水的金属基片表面将被侵蚀,这是不允许的。
本发明设法克服上述问题,从第一个方面,本发明提供一种具有加热壁部件的液体电加热容器,壁部件由300系列不锈钢制成,壁部件具有一个层叠在其干侧的厚膜加热器。
这样,根据本发明,一个厚膜加热器被层叠到300系列不锈钢壁部件的干侧,最好是容器的基底。300系列不锈钢比400系列不锈钢更易延展且更耐腐蚀,但由于与绝缘材料之间热膨胀系数配合不当,而会导致绝缘层的过应力甚至使绝缘层从钢上分离,因此300系列不适合作为厚膜加热器的基片。然而,绝缘材料可以被成功地层叠到适合作为厚膜加热器基片的其它钢如400系列不锈钢上。因而,本发明是为了更好地利用300系列和400系列不锈钢各自的性能。
壁部件可以是容器的一个整体部分,它可以全部由300系列不锈钢制造。然而,可选择地,壁部件可以是一个例如安装在一个位于塑料容器底上的一个开口上的分离或独立部件。层叠状的壁部件本身构成一个加热器,因此从另一方面,本发明提供一个用于液体加热容器的电加热器,包括一个由300系列不锈钢制成的板件和一个厚膜加热器,所述厚膜加热器包括一个金属基片,一个位于所述基片上的电绝缘层,一个位于绝缘层上的电阻加热轨迹,厚膜加热器的金属基片被层叠在板件的一侧上。
壁部件或加热器板件最好是一种304或316不锈钢,例如316L不锈钢。这些材料常被用于金属质的液体加热容器并且在使用中能保持一个良好的不锈外观。
壁部件或加热器板件的特定材料很大程度上取决于它们所承受的温度和功率密度。对于低温、低功率,可以采用一种304不锈钢,对于高温、高功率,可以采用一种更耐金属超应力引起的腐蚀的钢,像316不锈钢这样的钢,例如316L不锈钢。
厚膜加热器的金属基片可以由任何一种适当的材料制成,例如一种430不锈钢,尤其是430S17不锈钢。一种可选择的材料是低碳钢,例如含碳很低(<0.1%)的低碳钢或VE级低碳钢。
金属基片可以以任何适当的方法层叠到容器基底或加热器板件之上,例如钎焊。
为提高容器基底或加热器板件上的热传导,一层热传导材料,例如铝、铜或其合金,可以夹在金属基片和容器基底或加热器板件之间。
厚膜加热器最好具有安装热敏控制件的构件、电气插接构件或诸如此类的构件。至今,这种构件一般采用在加热器的金属基片上焊接许多安装支柱来实现。然而,这样做不仅花费高,而且例如当采用薄金属时,在加热器面向水的一侧还可能留下一个痕迹。根据本发明,金属基片可具有不存在痕迹问题的安装装置,因为基片面对水的一侧不被暴露在容器的内侧。这也意味着基片不需要连续,因此用于安装控制件的安装装置可以包括一个或多个从基片上冲压出来的凸片。这些凸片可以在基片上预冲压,并在加热器的制造过程中保持平面,然后在加热器被层叠到容器基底或加热器板件上之前被冲压出基片平面。
这种结构可以认为是新颖的。从另一方面,本发明提供一种厚膜加热器,所述厚膜加热器具有一个平的金属基片,一个位于基片上的电绝缘层以及一个位于绝缘层上的电阻轨迹,其中基片具有一个或多个凸片,该凸片可被弯曲出基片平面从而为控制件或诸如此类提供一个安装位置。
需要理解的是通过上述方法形成的凸片具有额外的优点就是可以释放出在层叠过程例如钎焊过程中产生的气体,由此减少了在层间形成气泡的可能性,气泡不仅降低了层间的结合,而且还起绝热的作用,导致加热器可能过热。
这本身可以被认为是一个新颖的和有创造性的构思。所以从又一方面,本发明提供了一种厚膜加热器装置,包括一个加热器支撑板件,一个用于承载加热轨迹的层叠在支撑板件上的加热器板件,加热器板件具有一个或多个便于在层叠过程中所产生的气体的放出的小孔。
下面参考附图以举例的方式对本发明的几个优选实施例进行描述,其中:
图1所示为体现本发明的一种液体加热容器的示意图;
图2所示为体现本发明采用第一种加热器的液体加热容器的局部分解示意图;
图3所示为体现本发明采用第二种加热器的液体加热容器的局部分解示意图;
图1所示为一种由0.4mm厚的304或316不锈钢制成的水加热容器2。容器主体以传统方式被拔成或拉成适当的形状。
厚膜加热器4被层叠在容器基底6的下侧。如局部放大示意图所示,厚膜加热器包括一个0.5-1.0mm厚的430S17不锈钢金属基片8,一个附着在基片8上大约50-100μm厚的绝缘层10,和一个附着在绝缘层10上大约为10-15μm,最好为13μm厚的电阻加热轨迹12。典型地,绝缘层通过一步或多步被丝网印刷到基片上,然后烧制,在轨迹12被典型地通过丝网印刷附着在绝缘层10上面后,加热器被再次烧制。轨迹上可以具有一个釉面层(未示出)。这样的厚膜加热器和它们的制造方法,在本领域是熟知的,这里就不必再详细描述。
基片8具有许多舌状凸片14用以将热敏感控制件16、电气接插件或诸如此类安装在加热器上。凸片先于加热器4的制造被冲压或确定在基片8上,然后,在将加热器层叠到基底6之前凸片被向下弯曲90度到图1所示的位置。当加热器被层叠(例如通过钎焊)到容器基底上后,控制件或诸如此类可以被安装在能被弯曲以固定控制件或诸如此类在位的凸片上。
如图2所示,根据本发明的一种加热器20包括一个由0.4mm厚的304或316钢制成的平板件22,其上通过一个钎焊层26层叠有一个厚膜加热器24。虽然此时厚膜加热器被层叠在一个以适当的紧固方式安装到一个塑料容器(未示出)的基底的一个开口上的板件22上,它和图1中描述的厚膜加热器是相同的。
钎焊可以以任何适当的方法实现。感应钎焊尤其是优选的方法。这样钎料粉或膏可以被涂覆在板件22与厚膜加热器的基片8的相对表面的一面或两面上,两个元件在压力(典型地为1吨)作用下被紧固在一起,交界面被感应加热以熔化钎焊材料。钎焊材料最好是高温钎料,例如熔点在600-700℃。因为加热器本身在制造过程中已被焙烧成到850-900℃,因此这样的温度在钎焊过程中将不会破坏加热器,而且这样的温度将大大高出加热器在使用中所经受的任何温度,即使是在误操作的情况下。
图3所示为根据本发明的又一个加热器30。
这个实施例包括一个0.3mm厚的316L不锈钢碟形板件32。板件的周边具有一个凹槽34,它可以用来通过在WO96/18331中描述的方法将板件32固定在一个塑料壶等的基底的一个开口上。
像图2所示的实施例那样,厚膜加热器4被层叠到板件32的下侧。然而在这个实施例中,一个1-2mm厚的铝板36被夹在板件32和厚膜加热器的金属基片之间。这一层可以用于提高加热器上的热量分布。各层可以分别通过钎焊材料层38、40焊在一起,或者通过其它的方法连接在一起,例如冷压。
需要理解的是本发明并不局限于上面所描述的具体结构。例如,虽然上文中描述的本发明是一种顶部开口的液体加热容器例如一个水壶或水罐,它还可应用于其它具有液体加热腔的容器。并且,加热壁部件不必是容器的基底,也可是需要给容器加热的任何壁部件。

Claims (16)

1.一种具有一个加热壁部件的液体电加热容器,所述壁部件由300系列不锈钢制成,并具有一个层叠在其干侧的厚膜加热器。
2.根据权利要求1所述的容器,其中所述壁部件是容器的基底。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的容器,其中所述壁部件与容器构成一个整体。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的容器,其中所述壁部件包括一个安装在容器壁的一个开口处的板件。
5.一种用于液体加热容器的电加热器,包括一个由300系列不锈钢制成的板件和一个厚膜加热器,该厚膜加热器包括一金属基片,一设在所述基片上的电绝缘层,和一设在绝缘层上的电阻加热轨迹,厚膜加热器的金属基片层叠在板件的一侧上。
6.根据上述任意一项权利要求所述的装置,其中所述300系列不锈钢是一种304或316不锈钢。
7.根据权利要求6所述的装置,其中所述316不锈钢是316L不锈钢。
8.根据上述任意一项权利要求所述的装置,其中所述厚膜加热器的金属基片是一种430不锈钢,例如430S17不锈钢。
9.根据权利要求1至7中任意一项所述的装置,其中厚膜加热器的金属基片是一种低碳钢。
10.根据上述任意一项权利要求所述的装置,其中层叠是以钎焊的方式实现。
11.根据上述任意一项权利要求所述的装置,其中一层热传导材料,例如铝、铜或其合金,被夹在所述厚膜加热器的金属基片和容器壁部件或板件之间。
12.根据上述任意一项权利要求所述的装置,其中厚膜加热器具有安装热敏控制件、电器插接件或诸如此类的装置。
13.根据权利要求12所述的装置,其中所述安装装置包括一个或多个从基片上冲压出来的凸片。
14.根据前面任意一项权利要求所述的装置,其中所述基片具有一个或多个小孔以便于在层叠过程中所产生的气体的放出。
15.一种厚膜加热器,包括一个平的金属基片,一设在金属基片上的电绝缘层,和一设在绝缘层上的电阻轨迹,其中所述基片具有一个或多个凸片,所述凸片可以被弯曲出基片平面以便为控制件或诸如此类提供一个安装位置。
16.一种厚膜加热器装置,包括一个加热器支撑板件,一个用于承载加热轨迹并层叠在支撑板件上的加热器板件,加热器板件具有一个或多个便于在层叠过程中所产生的气体的放出的小孔。
CN 98809016 1997-08-05 1998-08-05 液体电加热容器 Expired - Fee Related CN1124773C (zh)

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GBGB9716561.7A GB9716561D0 (en) 1997-08-05 1997-08-05 Electric heaters
GB9716561.7 1997-08-05
GB9716560.9 1997-08-05
GBGB9716560.9A GB9716560D0 (en) 1997-08-05 1997-08-05 Electric liquid heating vessels

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CN1124773C CN1124773C (zh) 2003-10-15

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CN100499944C (zh) * 2007-10-01 2009-06-10 卫民 一种厚膜电热器的制作方法
CN107770887A (zh) * 2016-08-22 2018-03-06 上海福沃机械有限公司 组合式电加热管
CN108087853A (zh) * 2017-12-19 2018-05-29 广东美的厨房电器制造有限公司 厚膜蒸汽发生装置和具有其的家用电器

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US20190357827A1 (en) 2003-08-01 2019-11-28 Dexcom, Inc. Analyte sensor
US20080119703A1 (en) 2006-10-04 2008-05-22 Mark Brister Analyte sensor
US8364231B2 (en) 2006-10-04 2013-01-29 Dexcom, Inc. Analyte sensor
WO2010114482A1 (en) * 2009-04-02 2010-10-07 Trimech Technology Pte Ltd Long thermode assembly
EP3575796B1 (en) 2011-04-15 2020-11-11 DexCom, Inc. Advanced analyte sensor calibration and error detection
EP2825096B1 (en) 2012-03-16 2023-04-26 Dexcom, Inc. Systems and methods for processing analyte sensor data
CN107495833A (zh) * 2017-10-10 2017-12-22 湖北华强日用玻璃有限公司 隔热保温玻璃电热壶的加热底盘
US11331022B2 (en) 2017-10-24 2022-05-17 Dexcom, Inc. Pre-connected analyte sensors
CN209606445U (zh) 2017-10-24 2019-11-08 德克斯康公司 预连接分析物传感器

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FR2692426B1 (fr) * 1992-06-11 1994-08-26 Seb Sa Plaque chauffante pour récipient chauffant, notamment pour bouilloire.
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CN100499944C (zh) * 2007-10-01 2009-06-10 卫民 一种厚膜电热器的制作方法
CN107770887A (zh) * 2016-08-22 2018-03-06 上海福沃机械有限公司 组合式电加热管
CN108087853A (zh) * 2017-12-19 2018-05-29 广东美的厨房电器制造有限公司 厚膜蒸汽发生装置和具有其的家用电器

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WO1999008485A9 (en) 2000-06-02
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