CN1270178C - A fire hazard detecting integrated model experiment checkout apparatus - Google Patents
A fire hazard detecting integrated model experiment checkout apparatus Download PDFInfo
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- CN1270178C CN1270178C CN 02112849 CN02112849A CN1270178C CN 1270178 C CN1270178 C CN 1270178C CN 02112849 CN02112849 CN 02112849 CN 02112849 A CN02112849 A CN 02112849A CN 1270178 C CN1270178 C CN 1270178C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a detection device for a fire detection integrated simulation experiment, which is characterized in that the left lower corner of a left passage is provided with a gas intake opening 1 with a valve f1, and the left upper corner of the left passage is provided with a gas discharge opening 12 with a valve f3. A valve f2 is arranged in the left passage. A blower 2, a heater 3, a dust adding interface 4 and a humidification interface 5 are arranged in a lower passage. A right passage is provided with a standard gas lead-in opening 6 and an aerosol lead-in opening 7. The communication positions of all devices and the passages are respectively provided with electromagnetic valves f4, f5, f6 and f7. A probe head of a detected fire detector 11 is arranged in an upper passage, a flow equalization plate 9 is arranged at the right of the upper passage, and an observation window 10 is arranged on the wall of the upper passage. The middle of the right passage is connected with a smoke collecting cover 8 with a valve f8. The valves f1 and f3 are opened, the valve f2 is closed, or the valves f1 and f3 are closed, and the valve f2 is opened. The device can work in an open loop or closed loop mode. The device can be adopted to save experiment raw materials and reduce waste gas discharge pollution. The device provides a favorable analysis basis for the smoke and gas of a simulation fire, and accurately detects various kinds of performance of the fire detector.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to the analogue experiment installation of fire detector Performance Detection.
Background technology:
The quality of fire detector quality directly influences the safety of people's lives and properties, and is therefore, very important to the fire detector performance detection.Detector performance detects can two kinds of methods: a kind of is to produce fire smoke by the Actual combustion combustible, thereby detects therein; Another kind is by designing a cover experimental provision simulated fire flue gas, therein fire detector being carried out Performance Detection then.A kind of method in back is a kind of detection method of rising recently in the world, and the research of this respect is also less, brings great convenience but give experiment or engineering staff because of its distinctive advantage, has caused related scientific research personnel's concern.The 8th proceedings (International Interflam Conference of international Fire Science of holding in Scottish Edinburg in 1999 and engineering, 8th Proceedings.1999Volumel) 1999 the 1st volume 454-456 pages or leaves " carry out Performance Detection to combination type fire detector " in analogue experiment installation a kind of detection analogue experiment installation mentioned in (Evaluating Multi-Sensor Fire Detectors In the FireEmulator/Detector Evaluator) literary composition, because this experimental provision is the passage of both ends open, the fire smoke that simulation generates is discharged with waste gas immediately by after the test section, gas flow temperature that the flue gas that its simulation generates can reach and temperature rise rate need to select the bigger well heater of power by the maximum heating power decision of well heater; Because its simulated flue gas can not reuse, also causing needs in the experimentation to consume more experimental raw, and the waste gas that enters environment is many, is unfavorable for environmental protection; In addition, this experimental provision is not established exhaust fume collecting hood, and inconvenience inserts the fire smoke that Actual combustion generates, and can not easily the fire smoke of simulated fire flue gas with the Actual combustion generation be compared.
Summary of the invention:
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of can be with the fire hazard detecting integrated model experiment checkout apparatus of open loop or the work of closed loop dual mode.
This fire hazard detecting integrated model experiment checkout apparatus, comprise a circular passage of erectting, well heater 3 is equipped with at lower channel middle part, and its left is equipped with the blower fan 2 facing to the well heater blowing, and it is right-hand to be provided with respectively the dust that joins with dust generating means and humidifier and to add incoming interface 4 and humidification interface 5; Right passage is provided with respectively calibrating gas access port 6 and the gasoloid access port 7 that joins with calibrating gas access device and aerosol generating device; The switch of described blower fan and well heater, regulate button and all drawn and be installed on the control panel; Solenoid valve f4, f5, f6 and f7 are equipped with respectively in described dust generating means, humidifier, calibrating gas access device and aerosol generator and channel connection place, and the switch control knob of these solenoid valves is also all drawn and installed concentratedly on control panel; The probe of detected fire detector 11 is installed on the upper channel inner top, be attached with the sensing element that thermal resistance, anemoscope, hygrometer, Tobacco pipe with ion generator densimeter, optical density (OD) are taken into account gas composition analyzer at detector probe, wherein thermal resistance, anemoscope and hygroscopic signal lead connect Displaying Meter; Rightmost at upper channel is equipped with homogenizing plate 9; It is characterized in that being provided with left passage and will connect into closed circular passage by the open channel that lower channel, right passage and upper channel constitute, and establish the air intake opening 1 that has valve f1 in the left passage lower left corner, the exhausr port 12 that has valve f3 is established in the passage upper left corner, a left side, and left channel middle is equipped with valve f2.
Can also connect an exhaust fume collecting hood 8 that has valve f8 in right channel middle; Can be provided with view window (10) on the wall of described upper channel.
When valve f1, f3 are opened, when f2 closed, experimental provision formed the working method that is made of open channel lower channel, right passage and upper channel; When valve f1, f3 are closed, when f2 opened, experimental provision formed the working method of closed circular passage.
When experimentizing, selecting the working method of experimental provision earlier is that (f1, f3 open open type, f2 closes) or enclosed (f1, f3 close, f2 opens), select several in blower fan, well heater, dust generator, humidifier, aerosol generator, the calibrating gas access device for use or all carry out the simulation of fire smoke according to the needs that detect then; Owing to be circumscribed with an exhaust fume collecting hood in right channel middle, can the flue gas that Actual combustion generates be inserted experimental channel by exhaust fume collecting hood in case of necessity; By selecting thermal resistance, anemoscope, hygrometer, the gas composition analyzer of around tested fire detector, installing for use, can measure temperature, speed, humidity and all gases constituent concentration of fire detector flue gas of living in respectively; Can measure smoke density simultaneously by Tobacco pipe with ion generator densimeter, optical densitometer; Thereby the time dependent situation of these parameters in the parameters size of flue gas and the whole experiment around when but the composite measurement fire detector sends alerting signal finally detects the serviceability situation of tested fire detector.
Can only compare with the detection analogue experiment installation of open loop approach work with existing, experimental provision of the present invention makes whole experimental channel become loop-like owing to be provided with left passage, and can be by three valve f1 of control, f2, the switching of f3 makes that this experimental provision can (f1, f3 open with open loop, f2 closes) or closed loop (f1, f3 close, and f2 opens) dual mode work.
When experimental provision is worked with open loop approach, each heater heats all be gas under the room temperature that just enters from air intake opening; And when working with closed-loop fashion, heater heats be the gas of the higher temperatures of returning through test section after being heated the last time; If gas is elevated to same temperature, latter's heat much less that need provide then than the former.So closed-loop fashion can adopt the smaller power heating, and can reduce the requirement to bringing-up section tube wall heat-barrier material, thereby can reduce cost.The air-flow that this needs analog temperature constantly to raise when temp.-determined type or rate-of-rise detector are carried out Performance Detection adopts this experimental provision more suitable with closed-loop fashion work.
Because the various fire smoke compositions that air-flow carries when adopting this experimental provision work with closed-loop fashion can be repeated to utilize, test used raw material thereby can save greatly, as the gentle colloidal sol raw material of various calibrating gas etc.When gas fire detector is carried out Performance Detection, need the ever-increasing process of certain gas composition concentration of simulation.If adopt the operate in open loop state mode, must constantly increase the adding speed of gas; And when adopting this experimental provision to work with closed-loop fashion, only needing to add the last air-flow that possesses this kind of finite concentration gas that once loops back from test section required increment can reach, can save used gas greatly, also reduced the waste gas that enters in the environment, so also just reduced pollution environment.In like manner, when the process that the simulation aerosol concentration constantly raises, closed-loop fashion can be saved used gasoloid raw material greatly than open loop approach.
In sum, detection comprehensive simulation test experience device of the present invention can reduce equipment cost on the one hand, can save the used raw material of experiment on the other hand again greatly, thereby can save experiment fees greatly, and can reduce the waste gas that enters in the environment, reduce pollution environment.
But this experimental provision can not be designed to have only the closed loop working method, because some composition should not be recycled, as dust, if recycling, then can cause its heating properties to descend on the heater strip attached to well heater, even damage well heater.So during each closed loop end-of-job, should switch to the operate in open loop state mode, with the quick discharge line of simulated flue gas.
Because this analogue experiment installation is connected to exhaust fume collecting hood, actual flue gas can be collected in the experimental channel, generate similarities and differences reflection in the flue gas by the contrast fire detector in simulated fire flue gas and the actual burning that inserts, for simulated fire flue gas more realistically provides foundation.In addition, exhaust fume collecting hood also can be collected some undesired signals in the experimental channel, thereby the check detector is to the resistivity of this kind undesired signal.In a word, based on simulation means, be aided with exhaust fume collecting hood and insert the Actual combustion flue gas, these two kinds of methods combine, and can detect the performance of fire detector more accurately, all sidedly.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is the relative position figure of each several part in the detection comprehensive simulation test experience device of the present invention;
Below in conjunction with description of drawings the specific embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment:
Embodiment 1:
The present embodiment fire hazard detecting integrated model experiment checkout apparatus, as a whole approximate rectangle, sectional dimension are circulating line experimental stand and the operating platform thereof of 400mm * 400mm, the long 3.6m of whole pipe, high 2.35m, tube wall is a three-decker, inside and outside be corrosion resistant plate, therebetween is with the cotton heat-barrier material of silicon.As shown in Figure 1, tap into gas port 1 in the lower left corner of circulating line, the passage upper left corner gas port 12 that runs in, air intake opening 1 is equipped with valve f1 and f3 respectively with exhausr port 12, in left channel middle valve f2 is housed; Lower channel left dress blower fan 2, middle dress well heater 3, the right-hand dust that is provided with adds incoming interface 4 and humidification interface 5, joins with dust generating means and humidifier respectively, blower fan is facing to the well heater blowing during work, and blower fan, well heater have independently shift knob and size adjustment knob respectively; Right channel middle is equipped with gasoloid access port 6, hybrid standard gas access port 7 and smoke collecting port 8 respectively, and they join with aerosol generator, hybrid standard gas access device and exhaust fume collecting hood respectively; The switch of blower fan, well heater and adjusting button lead to the control panel of operating platform; Dust generating means, humidifier, aerosol generator, calibrating gas access device and aerosol generator and channel connection place are provided with solenoid valve f4, f5, f6, f7 and f8 respectively, thereby whether the adding of every kind of composition of may command, the switch control knob of these solenoid valves is also concentrated to draw and is installed on the control panel, like this, each of these instruments can both be controlled its Push And Release independently, thereby can determine which plants hybrid analog-digital simulation fire product by as required.Here, what lower channel and right passage were adorned all is the required instrument of simulated fire flue gas, is referred to as analog section; Upper channel is a test section, in the junction of analog section and test section (being the right of upper channel) homogenizing plate 9 is housed, and this homogenizing plate is that a block size is the steel plate of 400mm * 400mm, the circular hole that to be evenly distributed with 30 * 30 diameters on it be 10mm.Tested detector 11 is loaded on the test section inside top, near the detector sensing element, thermal resistance has been installed, anemoscope, hygrometer, the Tobacco pipe with ion generator densimeter, optical density (OD) is taken into account gas composition analyzer, to wherein thermal resistance, anemoscope and hygroscopic signal are linked into the input end of intelligent display meter, intelligent display meter can be presented at the relevant parameters value on the panel in real time, and export the standard signal of 0～5V, these standard signals and Tobacco pipe with ion generator densimeter, one of the standard signal output that optical density (OD) is taken into account gas composition analyzer is linked on the data collecting card that inserts in the main frame, obtains test section each point relevant temperature in the evaluation and test process by upper layer software (applications) in the mode of data acquisition at last, speed, humidity, the detailed delta data of the concentration of smoke density and all gases composition.Long 1.55m is installed on the front end face in the test section, and the view window 10 of high 0.35m is so that fire detector is to the induction situation of various flue gases in the observation experiment process.
It is to dry facing to the cylinder that dust is housed that is rolling that is covered with aperture all around by small-sized hair-dryer that described dust generating means promptly adds the dirt device, dust is blowed to one the 100 close net of purpose, thereby the dust that can see through close net joins in the experimental channel; Change the dust that the close net of different orders can add the different-grain diameter scope.
Described exhaust fume collecting hood is similar to an inverted funnel, adorns a miniwatt blower fan at the top of funnel and is inhaled into pipeline to help flue gas.
When carrying out the Performance Detection of fire detector, selecting the working method of experimental provision earlier is open type (f1, f3 open, and f2 closes) or enclosed (f1, f3 close, and f2 opens); Determine according to the needs that detect which kind of fire process needs simulate, increase process or constantly increase process of certain gas concentration etc. as: temperature-rise period, aerosol concentration, thereby select to insert several in blower fan, well heater, dust generator, humidifier, aerosol generator, the calibrating gas access device or all carry out the simulation of fire smoke; By exhaust fume collecting hood the flue gas that Actual combustion generates is inserted experimental channel in case of necessity, thermal resistance, anemoscope, hygrometer, gas composition analyzer by installing around tested fire detector measured temperature, speed, humidity and all gases constituent concentration of fire detector flue gas of living in respectively simultaneously; Can also measure smoke density simultaneously by Tobacco pipe with ion generator densimeter, optical densitometer in addition, thereby the time dependent situation of these parameters in the parameters size of flue gas and the whole experiment around when but the composite measurement fire detector sends alerting signal finally detects the serviceability of tested fire detector.
With can only be with the contrast of the detection analogue experiment installation of open loop approach work, this experimental provision makes whole experimental channel become loop-like by increasing by one section passage (being left passage), simultaneously by three valve (f1 three positions settings, f2, f3) make that whole experiment device can be with open loop (f1, f3 opens, f2 closes) or closed loop (f1, f3 closes, f2 opens) dual mode work, wherein the closed loop working method is the groundwork mode of this experimental provision, air-flow constantly circulates in experimental channel when the simulated fire product, and the various fire smoke compositions that carry of air-flow can be repeated to utilize like this; But the operate in open loop state mode also is indispensable.
Can work in two ways and can reduce requirement the well heater peak power.Temperature signal is a kind of signal of interest of fire smoke, and therefore, the temperature sensitive type fire detector is widely used at present; To temp.-determined type fire detector (when temperature value surpasses certain threshold value, reporting to the police) when carrying out Performance Detection, the air-flow that needs temperature of simulation constantly to raise, if analogue experiment installation is with open loop approach work, then because each air-flow that enters from the left end of blower fan all is the fresh air under the room temperature, expect such temperature-rise period, then must constantly increase the heating power of well heater, when the heating power of well heater is transferred to maximum, the air-flow that is produced also just has the highest temperature, promptly under this working method, in gas velocity one regularly, the maximum temperature that air-flow can reach in the experimental channel is that peak power by well heater determines.When carrying out Performance Detection, require the simulation heating rate constantly to increase temperature-rise period to rate-of-rise detector (reporting to the police when the slope that raises when temperature surpasses certain value), so just can detect the warning when what value heating rate reach of this fire detector.Under the operate in open loop state mode, gas velocity one regularly, its temperature rise rate that can reach also is that the maximum heating power by well heater is determined.Like this, when wanting to reach a higher temperature or the long ever-increasing temperature-rise period of heating rate of a period of time continuity, then the peak power to well heater has higher requirement.But if under closed-loop fashion work, simulate this temperature-rise period, then can reduce requirement greatly to heater power, this is because when this kind mode is worked, air-flow constantly circulates in circulating line, like this, what enter bringing-up section from the blower fan right-hand member no longer is the fresh keeping chamber warm air that enters outside pipeline, but the thermal current that has just looped back again through test section, it carried out heating by well heater, thereby than the fresh ambient air temperature height that enters.Therefore, to this thermal current further heating with begin to heat institute's heat requirement from the fresh surrounding air that enters and compare, the heating power that needs well heater to provide is compared much smaller.Might as well begin to warm to the required heat of a certain temperature T to a certain quantitative air-flow from room temperature and call and definitely add heat, then the heat that begins to warm to same temperature T and need from the last round of temperature value that has been heated to is called and adds heat relatively.The needed heat of each heated air stream is and definitely adds heat when open loop approach is worked like this, and when closed-loop fashion is worked the required heat of each heated air stream for adding heat relatively.Add heat relatively and be far smaller than and definitely add heat, therefore can reduce peak power requirement greatly well heater.The peak power that reduces well heater requires can reduce the expense of purchasing well heater on the one hand, adopts low power well heater can reach the effect of high-power well heater; On the other hand, can be reduced in of the requirement of well heater present position to the pipe insulation material.
The closed loop working method can be saved the used raw material of experiment greatly than operate in open loop state mode, as the gentle colloidal sol raw material of various calibrating gas etc.The reason of its saving and above-mentioned advantage are similar, and still, its economic benefits of bringing are but saved considerably beyond the above-mentioned funds that bring.
In the fire generating process, tend to discharge some gases, as CO, CO
2, NO
2, HCN, H
2, the rate of diffusion of gas is far longer than the rate of diffusion of smog, and therefore, gas fire detector can detect fire more in early days compared with sense cigarette, heat fire detector, and gas fire detector is also more and more used by people.When gas fire detector is carried out Performance Detection, need in test section, to simulate the ever-increasing process of certain gas (promptly this kind gas fire detector is surveyed this gas) concentration, same as above, if under the open loop form, work, then must constantly increase the speed that gas adds, like this, the gas that consumes is many on the one hand, and gas enters in the environment immediately through behind the test section simultaneously, mentions above, the fire gases that needs simulation to produce is toxic mostly, can produce environment to pollute.If in closed-loop fashion work, then because discharge immediately of the gas that injects, but in circulating line, circulate, repeatedly utilize, only need during experiment at firm rate request through raising according to concentration in the existing certain density gas of test section, add a certain amount of gas, just can realize the process that above-mentioned concentration constantly raises, thereby gas fire detector is carried out Performance Detection.Here also can introduce the notion of absolute gas addition and relative gas addition, relatively the gas addition be far smaller than absolute gas addition (particularly for concentration increase slowly, the experiment of longer duration).The gas flow that has consumed when therefore having significantly reduced experiment has also just reduced the gas flow that is discharged in the atmosphere.In like manner, when the simulation aerosol concentration constantly increased process, the closed loop working method was also saved gasoloid generation raw material greatly than operate in open loop state mode.Because it is quite expensive be able to control the gasoloid generation raw material of its particle size (as: 0.13,0.22,0.33,0.54 micron) more exactly, some calibrating gas is (as NO in addition
2) also expensive, therefore, adopt the closed loop working method to save experiment fees widely, demonstrate fully the economy of this experimental provision.
In addition, this experimental provision can not be designed to have only the closed loop working method, because some composition is not suitable for also need not be recycling, as dust, if recycling, then can on the heater strip attached to well heater its heating properties descended, even damage well heater.So during the closed loop end-of-job, also must switch to the operate in open loop state mode, with the simulated flue gas discharge line.Therefore, this experimental provision is designed to have the form of dual mode work, can switch easily by valve f1, f2 and f3 between them.
This analogue experiment installation also is provided with exhaust fume collecting hood, actual flue gas can be collected in the experimental channel, thus the serviceability of detection of fires detector in actual flue gas.By the similarities and differences reflection of contrast fire detector in simulated fire flue gas and actual fire smoke, the fire smoke that can simulate this experimental provision and the degree of closeness of actual fire smoke are analyzed, for simulated fire flue gas more realistically provides better foundation.When the various parameters of two kinds of flue gases all quite near the time, actual flue gas can be used as the checking of simulated flue gas success; When some parameter of two kinds of flue gases there are differences, actual flue gas can be how the operation simulation experimental provision just can simulate fire smoke more true to nature provides certain foundation.In addition, exhaust fume collecting hood also can be collected some undesired signals in the experimental channel, as, cooking fire undesired signal by the generation of calcination animal fat, thereby the check detector, finally to how improving detector improves its antijamming capability and plays facilitation the resistivity of this kind undesired signal.In a word, based on simulation means, be aided with exhaust fume collecting hood and insert actual flue gas, these two kinds of methods combine, can be accurately, the comprehensive various performances of detection of fires detector.
Claims (3)
1, a kind of fire hazard detecting integrated model experiment checkout apparatus, comprise a circular passage of erectting, well heater (3) is equipped with at the lower channel middle part, its left is equipped with the blower fan (2) facing to well heater blowing, and it is right-hand to be provided with respectively the dust that joins with dust generating means and humidifier and to add incoming interface (4) and humidification interface (5); Right passage is provided with respectively calibrating gas access port (6) and the gasoloid access port (7) that joins with calibrating gas access device and aerosol generating device; The switch of described blower fan and well heater, regulate button and all drawn and be installed on the control panel; Solenoid valve (f4), (f5), (f6) and (f7) are equipped with respectively in described dust generating means, humidifier, calibrating gas access device and aerosol generator and channel connection place, and the switch control knob of these solenoid valves is also all drawn and installed concentratedly on control panel; The probe of detected fire detector (11) is installed on the upper channel inner top, be attached with the sensing element that thermal resistance, anemoscope, hygrometer, Tobacco pipe with ion generator densimeter, optical density (OD) are taken into account gas composition analyzer at detector probe, wherein thermal resistance, anemoscope and hygroscopic signal lead connect Displaying Meter; Rightmost at upper channel is equipped with homogenizing plate (9); It is characterized in that being provided with left passage and will connect into closed circular passage by the open channel that lower channel, right passage and upper channel constitute, and establish the air intake opening (1) that has valve (f1) in the left passage lower left corner, the exhausr port (12) that has valve (f3) is established in the passage upper left corner, a left side, and left channel middle is equipped with valve (f2).
2, fire hazard detecting integrated model experiment checkout apparatus as claimed in claim 1 is characterised in that at the middle part of described right passage to connect an exhaust fume collecting hood (8) that has valve (f8).
3, fire hazard detecting integrated model experiment checkout apparatus as claimed in claim 1 is characterised in that to be provided with view window (10) on the wall of described upper channel.
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| CN 02112849 CN1270178C (en) | 2002-04-04 | 2002-04-04 | A fire hazard detecting integrated model experiment checkout apparatus |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN 02112849 CN1270178C (en) | 2002-04-04 | 2002-04-04 | A fire hazard detecting integrated model experiment checkout apparatus |
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| CN1270178C true CN1270178C (en) | 2006-08-16 |
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Cited By (1)
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| CN101476973B (en) * | 2008-12-30 | 2010-06-23 | 中国科学技术大学 | Flue gas plume movement simulated experiment apparatus in thermal stratification surroundings |
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| CN103170081A (en) * | 2013-04-11 | 2013-06-26 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七�三研究所 | On-line detection system for automatic fire-fighting executing devices |
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| CN111220653A (en) * | 2020-03-01 | 2020-06-02 | 中国民用航空飞行学院 | Lithium cell flue gas disaster research platform |
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2002
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101476973B (en) * | 2008-12-30 | 2010-06-23 | 中国科学技术大学 | Flue gas plume movement simulated experiment apparatus in thermal stratification surroundings |
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