CN1269282C - 在高效照明系统中使用的电源控制装置 - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
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- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
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- H02J9/061—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems for DC powered loads
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- H02J9/062—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems for AC powered loads
- H02J9/065—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems for AC powered loads for lighting purposes
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- H01R25/00—Coupling parts adapted for simultaneous co-operation with two or more identical counterparts, e.g. for distributing energy to two or more circuits
- H01R25/006—Coupling parts adapted for simultaneous co-operation with two or more identical counterparts, e.g. for distributing energy to two or more circuits the coupling part being secured to apparatus or structure, e.g. duplex wall receptacle
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
- H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
一种DC电源系统,能够向所有最终用途供电例如维持需要DC电源的照明灯具的正常照明状态以及其它DC可兼容的负载运行。一电源控制和变换装置由公用电站或类似AC电源接收AC电功率并将AC功率变换为DC功率,并按低DC电压将DC电功率输送到照明灯具或其它DC可兼容的最终用途。可以将替代的一或多个DC电源连接到该装置并且在该装置内部与变换电源组合向负载供电。一种备用可重新充电蓄电池用作另一DC电源并且在线路电源中断过程中维持供电。另一DC电源例如光电池或DC电源可供选择连接到电源控制装置,以便按适当比例向DC负载提供DC电功率。在另一实施例中,可以将各种电源例如燃气驱动的废热发电装置连接到该电源装置上以便提供DC电功率。这种装置还可以用在没有AC电网电源的孤立用电场合。
Description
本发明涉及领域是低压直流(DC)高效不间断照明和DC电源系统,能够同时利用多个交流(AC)和DC电源进行工作。
不间断电源作为辅助设备是公知的,特别是当用于计算机装置时要经受线路功率短暂中断,以使得数据不会丢失或损害;以及应用照明完整性较为重要的紧急照明系统中。由于通常蓄电池存储量的要求较高和高的蓄电池单位成本的原因,许多电源的蓄电池的存储能力有限。因此,常规的不间断装置的工作时间可能对于长时间的故障断电,不能维持。还利用AC电源按相似的方式保护一些专用照明系统,用于关键场合,例如医院中的手术室。这些系统不管是利用蓄电池还是AC辅助电源都势必复杂化并相对昂贵,因此,仅限于最为重要的应用场合。考虑到成本,很多这类系统还要在输出性能和耐久性方面作出牺牲。即使不考虑这些问题,仅对一些特定的应用场合保证数量有所降低的辅助紧急照明或其它供电要求,并利用封装的“添加式的”系统来供电,这些系统仅在电源故障断电的过程中接入使用而对于正常的一般照明需要则不启用,这种封装件经常在楼梯间内使用,并由一封装有电池、主充电器、功率传感装置以及一或两个光输出容量有限的简单的泛光灯的简单箱体组成。
现有技术的这些系统,即使在结构上更复杂和精心设计,由于成本在性能上也会做出牺牲,并且在提高照明质量、效率方面未能有所贡献,或者在关键的供电中断期间除了使其进行有限的不间断运行之外在以其它方式在提高电源使用价值方面未做工作,不能认为是用于常规照明或其它最终用途的等效的或经济的替代方案。
本发明的一个目的是提供一种不间断照明系统和/或最终用途电源系统,其可更通用,并可以通过例行替换用于常规建筑物或办公室照明以及其它最终用途,在这些场合其好象准备用于满足常规最终用途(end-use)需求,没有牺牲最终用途的性能。
本发明的另一个目的是实现运行费用比常规白炽灯和荧光灯照明系统更低的高效运行。
本发明的再一目的是利用较小容量的蓄电池保证较长时间的不间断供电(3小时以上)。
本发明的再一个目的是提供对于蓄电池的最佳管理,延长固定式蓄电池的寿命、降低维护费用和实现更经济运行。
本发明的再一个目的是提供到替代性能源设备例如太阳能光电池(PV)板、燃料电池、以及其它类似的DC电源装置的可兼容的经济的连接,并且针对向一或多个输出负载的供电管理这些能源,同时,将蓄电池维持在优选的性能参数范围内。
本发明的再一个目的是提供一种提高安全性的系统,通过在室温下使在电源控制装置和照明灯具或其它DC最终用途装置之间的两个12伏铅酸蓄电池系统按标称26.6伏低压运行来实现。也可以使用其它的蓄电池系统,为了使蓄电池实现最佳运行和长寿命,对输出供电电压进行调节,同时向一适宜的DC可兼容的负载供电。
本发明的再一目的是通过进行动态高功率因数校正保证高的供电质量以及按相似方式实现AC供电线路的低的总谐波畸变。
本发明的再一个目的是通过按照低压运行同时还利用常规的建筑物布线和导线尺寸而形成很小的电压降,来得到更大的总体应用价值和提高供电质量。
本发明的再一个目的是保证对于照明和其它最终用途的建筑物总体供电的完整性,通过利用在AC电路断路器和最终用途之间的模块式独立的在线电源供电装置,使得这种完整性不受区域性的和集中的破坏例如轰炸和有限的自然灾害的影响,这样利用简单的标准化元件增加了系统和子系列的完整性。
本发明的再一个目的是提供一种通用的电源接口,其接收两种即AC和DC的多个电源,并按共用方式将它们输向照明和/或最终用途场合。
本发明的再一个目的是提供一种电源接口,其单一地接收AC或DC的多个电源,并且没有其它电源,按照常规的最终用途的质量要求,保证照明和/或最终用途用电。
本发明的再一目的提供一种方法和一种装置来实现本发明,作为电源接口,其中在按照常规标准高压AC布线和电缆尺寸的建筑物中可以采用低压DC运行。
本发明的再一个目的是提供一种模块结构,使得各电源装置能串联,以便通过增加单个的电源装置设计电路来满足更高的DC工作电压。
按这些目的和其它目的,可以明了,本发明包含一种高效照明系统应用,通过利用通常的照明灯具结合各种DC电子镇流器按照本发明规定的电压要求来维持正常的照明水准和条件,这些镇流器与要求DC电源的气体放电灯结合使用。
该系统包含一电源控制装置,用于接收来自电源的AC和/或DC电功率,并按所需的低压DC电功率输送到照明灯具或DC可兼容的最终用途。当连接到AC电源上时,该电源控制装置将该电源的AC电功率变换为与固定式可重新充电的蓄电池供电系统的长期“浮动(float)”电压要求相兼容的稳压低DC电压。
在上述的电源控制装置中,优选的是所述替代DC电源是AC变DC电压调节能量变换器,其将一种能源变换为可电兼容的DC电压。
在上述的电源控制装置中,优选的是所述替代DC电源是一太阳能光电池盘。
在上述的电源控制装置中,优选的是所述替代DC电源是一光电燃料电池。
在上述的电源控制装置中,优选的是所述替代DC电源是以矿物燃料作为燃料的内燃机械驱动的DC发电机。
在上述的电源控制装置中,优选的是燃气DC废热发电机是一热光电式废热发电机。
在上述的电源控制装置中,优选的是所述的燃气DC废热发电机是一燃料电池发电机。
在上述的电源控制装置中,优选的是所述的蓄电池与一电压调节能量变换器组合成电源组合,所述电压调节能量变换器将一个能量源转变为可电兼容的直流电压。
在上述的电源控制装置中,优选的是所述电源组合按比例将功率输送到所述的负载。
在上述的电源控制装置中,优选的是所述直流发电机与所述交流电源构成一个电源组合作为一电负载调平器,由此减少了来自电设施产生源的峰功率,导致需求负荷降低。
在上述的电源控制装置中,优选的是该电路确保供给AC和DC电压调节变换器的AC电流和电压波形作为时间函数有相同的幅度。
在上述的电源控制装置中,优选的是所述电源控制装置和所述替代性DC电源被配置靠近多DC负载的照明网络且围绕其中心,所述多个DC负载形成一集群。
在上述的电源控制装置中,优选的是所述集群是将低压电缆长度以及因此使功率消耗电压降至最小电平的一种集群。
在上述的电源控制装置中,优选的是所述集群是,即使在所述中心电源不论发生何种中断的情况下,保证对于供电区域当地的供电完整性的一种方式。
在上述的电源控制装置中,优选的是所述集群由常规高压AC电缆供电,其中,该电缆相对于所述支持DC的电缆具有成比例的较长长度。
在上述的电源控制装置中,优选的是所述集群使用多个电源控制装置,每一所述电源控制装置具有其自身的集群并且集中由单一常规高压AC电缆供电,该电缆相对于所述DC后援电缆具有成比例的较长长度。
在上述的电源控制装置中,优选的是所述的蓄电池与能量变换器成电源组合形式,用于向所述DC可兼容的一或多个负载供电。
在上述的电源控制装置中,优选的是所述蓄电池与一能量变换器成电源组合形式组合,运行时向DC可兼容的一或多个负载供电,正像在一非电网孤立维持的电源系统中一样,没有中央电网提供的AC电源的支持。
在上述的电源控制装置中,优选的是所述电源控制装置在对于在中央电网电源之外的所有替代电源而言的所述电网中作为一中央电源控制点,以及其中所述电源控制装置还利用当地的AC发电站电源。
根据本发明的另一方面,提供一种在高效照明系统中使用的电源控制装置,用于通过利用照明灯具要求直流电源来维持正常的照明用电,所述电源控制装置包含:交流连接装置,用于由一个网络电源接收交流功率;或者作为替代,至少一个直流连接装置,用于接收来自至少一个替代直流电源的直流功率,输出连接装置,用于将所需的直流电功率输送到所述照明灯具内;AC变DC电压调节变换器,用于将所述交流电功率变为直流电功率;控制装置,用于控制AC变DC电压调节变换器;控制装置改变电压调节变换器,以便将来自交流电源或直流电源的电力引到照明负载。
蓄电池在备用基础上向电源控制装置按照所需低DC电压提供电功率。在作为按铅酸蓄电池结构实例的蓄电池连接到电源控制装置,使得在正常由电网或类似AC电源提供AC电功率的过程中,利用电源控制装置可以将蓄电池维持全充和“浮动”状态。
电源控制装置还用于在AC电功率发生故障中断的过程中为了不间断地维持DC工作电源由蓄电池向DC可兼容照明灯具或可兼容的最终用途输送所需的DC电功率。
电源控制装置可以为多个,每个连接到其自身的蓄电池和/或替代性DC电源,用于维持具有多个房间和区域要求的建筑物中的照明或最终用途供电。
一可供选择的DC电功率的光电池(PV)电源可以连接到电源控制装置,用于按比例适当降低由所述电网或类似交流电源取得的电功率数量。该控制装置还能将过剩的PV功率(不是电负载所需的)输送到可选择连接的蓄电池而不会超过它的安全极限并且满足稳定长期运行的要求。如果电源应用不包含蓄电池,控制装置将按类似方式利用AC电源按比例维持负载运行,同时不超过运行极限值。
在控制装置的高度稳压的DC电压降至蓄电池电压以下的情况下,正如在AC电源中断来自控制装置的经变换的DC电压的情况,蓄电池在备用的基础上将低的DC电压提供给负载。否则电源控制装置利用来自AC电网电源的电功率,维持蓄电池在全充和备用“浮动”状态下。
按照本发明的一种方案,利用电源控制装置将AC输入功率变换为经稳压的DC“浮动”电压,没有利用蓄电池或辅助DC电源,以此满足低压DC照明。通过利用电源控制装置提供的最佳电压控制和很高的AC向DC变换的效率,利用它的开关式电压调节器结构以及进一步通过取消在DC镇流器中的相似的AC向DC变换元件,正像在常规的电子镇流器设计中一样,可以实现高效气体放电灯照明。虽然在本发明中开关式电压调节是优选的,但本发明并不局限于这种电压调节方式。
电源控制装置还可包含防止DC电流超过预定限值同时仍输送功率的线路。电源控制装置还可以包含其它用于检测短路的线路,使得电源控制装置能中断DC功率输送,直到短路消除。
这种用于维持向需要直流电功率的照明灯具正常供电的系统包含电源控制装置,用于接收来自DC电源的DC电功率并将所需的DC电功率输送到照明灯具,以及一个将AC电功率变换为DC电功率的电源控制装置。
在用于偏远用户,例如不能接入常规AC电源的偏远设施,的另一实施例中,高效照明系统利用需要DC电功率的照明灯具来维持正常的照明条件。该偏远系统包含一电源控制装置,用于由适当的辅助DC电源例如光电池板来接收DC电功率并将所需的低压DC电功率输送到偏远设施照明灯具和/或可兼容的最终用途以及蓄电池。该电源控制装置还用于控制蓄电池的充电使之达到最大和最佳充电状态。
蓄电池还在备用基础上向电源控制装置按所需的低DC电压提供电功率。蓄电池连接到电源控制装置,同时在DC电源可以得到,比如经数小时的日照之后由该光电池板输入功率而得到时,由电源控制装置维持蓄电池在充电状态。
此外,当不能由辅助DC电源或一光电池板得到功率时例如当由于特定的原因比如夜间和云层持续遮盖期间PV电源没有能量来源的情况下,在这些时期控制电源控制装置将所需的DC电功率由蓄电池输向照明灯具。
结合附图可以更好地理解本发明,其中:
图1是用于照明的基本电源系统的方块图,表示电源的主要输入和输出连接。
图2是用作不间断照明系统的基本电源系统的原理方块图,该系统连接有电池系统但没有辅助DC电源例如光电池(PV)输入。
图3是利用称之为集群的概念设计的单纯照明电路结构的线路设计图,这种结构避免低压载流电缆过长,以及来自低压DC电源模块的电压降;
图4是4个电源模块的系统的线路设计图,其能适应更大照明区域的要求,避免低压运行电缆过长和电压下降,同时由单一AC高压线路和电路断路器来承担供电。
图5是图2中所示的照明系统但另有一PV盘的方块示意图;
图6是具有一般的电源输入和输出连接部分的电源控制装置的正视图;
图7是对于与电源控制装置相兼容的两盏灯的低压DC气体放电镇流器的接线图和技术要求;
图8是对于与电源控制装置相兼容的单盏灯的低压DC气体放电镇流器的接线图和技术要求;
图9是电池容器封装的正视图;
图10是电源控制装置的方块图,表示一般的电源输入和输出连接部分,以及电源控制装置的内部功能;以及
图11是利用天然气废热发电作为另一个DC电源的另选能源的照明系统的方块图。
图1是由本发明支持的不间断照明系统的主要组成部分的方块图。这种系统还可用于其它DC可兼容的负载,这些负载经设计以利用本发明电源的输出电压。其可安装在需要常规建筑物照明或其它最终用途装置的各种场合。与紧急照明或其它紧急电源系统不同,这种装置是一种能提供全面服务的、高质量的最终用途的电源产品。其可为一般的装置,灯具和一些DC可兼容的装置发挥作用,而不会在常规的电源故障的过程中以它的输出性能为代价。这样通过蓄电池使正常的保持供电功能能持续延长若干小时,而不会由于失去照明或者可能有其它供电要求而影响各种作业。将整个系统联系在一起的关键子系统是电源控制装置(PCU)1,其通常利用常规的AC网络电源来维持最终用途用电并且将一选用的蓄电池2保持在最佳充电状态。当用于支持照明时,该照明灯具3是气体放电灯如荧光灯管,它们利用需要由电源控制装置1沿线5提供的DC输入低压(通常为26.6伏)的电子镇流器。其它的灯具类型也可以采用,例如白炽灯。在电源因故障而中断的过程中,DC线路5由蓄电池2供电。
图2是表示利用常规三心线电缆网络向PCU1提供120到277伏(AC)电压的用电盘6的原理方块图。蓄电池箱体7正常包含两组串联的24/27尺寸的深度放电铅酸蓄电池8,并通过30安熔断器9以及电缆10和11连接到PCU1。至所有的照明灯具和可兼容的最终用途3的连线处于正常的26.6伏(DC)工作电压之下。在该规范实施例中,每个PCU1可以按照或接近所使用的蓄电池的设计运行电压,向10个双管48英寸T8荧光灯具或20个单管灯具3或等效的电流25安的DC负载供电。
图3表示利用墙壁16隔开的由单一PCU1维持的典型的办公室照明设施15的接线设计图。隔间区17通常用作放置容量相对小的蓄电池2的小室。AC线4引到PCU1,由于PCU1尺寸小,可以便利地安装在吊顶暗室。到照明灯具的DC线5也置于吊顶暗室中,由于接近PCU1,这种接线提供了到照明灯具3的短的接线路径。低压连接的照明载荷的这种配置形成一综合的集群,可根据单一支持的高压AC线路加以多次复制,如图4中所示,同时使载荷维持电压降最小。
PCU1的电量输入适合于宽范围的连续AC电压供电,其适应范围为由110到277伏(AC)的输入电压。根据该AC输入电压,在交流有效值电流范围为2.6到6.6安的情况下,向PCU1提供的输入功率标称值为725瓦。输入AC电流的等效范围将视AC输入电压的变化而改变。由于PCU1的功率因数高校正到0.99,可以预定使用一个20安的电路断路器和12号线来支持许多PCU,并且它们相应的照明容量利用120伏线路最大能支持3个PCU。相似地,对于约4000瓦的总DC功率输出和4300瓦的AC输入,利用277伏线路可以承担6个单元装置。
图4表示具有墙壁16的办公室区19的接线设计图,该区包含8个小的办公室和4个大的办公室。其包含使用4个单独的不间断照明系统,这4个系统采用位于在4个中心隔间17内的4个PCU1和4个蓄电池模块2。4个PCU经来自配电箱20的AC配电电缆4由在电力盘6中的单个220伏AC电路断路器供电。每个照明系统向10个双管灯具3供电。
对于PCU1可有几种不同的供电方式。图5表示一不间断照明系统,其包含AC用电盘6,装有蓄电池8和熔断器9的蓄电池箱体7,蓄电池8和熔断器9经电缆10、11连接到PCU1;以及还包含光电池板(PV)25。这种方式使得太阳能成为通向AC线路的辅助供电能源,同时将装有蓄电池8的蓄电池盒7作为在交流故障中断和日照变化的情况下的补充电源。
如图6中所示的是PCU1的正面图,其使PV板到PCU1的接线问题简化,没有采用像在常规的PV应用场合那样的复杂的AC功率调节器。PV板只不过连接到在PCU1上的两个PV输入端。这种方式通过利用AV线路、后备的蓄电池以及PV作为重迭的电源,实现高可靠性照明。
最简单的电源工作方式是当AC是仅有的输入电源、PCU1支持低压DC照明系统的时候。具有单独安装到AC线上的PCU1的这样一种系统是一种可行的高效照明系统,该系统具有极低的连接部分功率损耗,通过降低能耗,该系统可以自行承受这一损耗。通过将蓄电池子系统简单连接到上述基本系统,用户实现附加供电方式,满足维持照明的不间断DC供电的工作要求。再一种供电方式是通过利用没有蓄电池而具有AC输入和PV板的PCU1实现的。按照这种方式,PV部分最好由DC负载吸收,由AC输入提供补偿。
按照再一种供电方式,其中PCV1可以用于孤立电源系统,没有中央AC发电厂的电网支持。这样一种系统在远离AC电网的区域内是较理想的。对于这样一个系统,利用安装到一适当的PV板上的PCU1和适当的可重复充电的蓄电池,太阳光照明和其它的DC负载可以通过包含一由DC变为AC 60赫的功率逆变器来满足供电要求。
PCU1的优异之处在于它能以充分的灵活性支持多种供电方式同时满足照明和其它用电要求。其还可以向其它DC负载例如家用设备、微波炉,DC制冷装置等供电。此外,还可以作为替选方案从除光电池(PV)以外的很多其它的各种电源例如风力发电机或由发动机提供动力的DC发电机来供电。
图6表示具有带翼散热器28和连接端条29的PCU1的正视图。
图7和8分别表示关于两个灯具和一个灯具用DC镇流器的接线图和技术要求。
图9表示一具有外壳35,铰式盖36和锁37的蓄电池箱体7。它是一为密封型铅酸蓄电池而设计的热塑性箱体。
图10表示PCU1的方块图。AC输入由DC整流器例如桥式电路进行整流。功率因数校正装置用于在AC输入端处实现高的功率因数和低的总谐波畸变。控制装置和电压调节器通过一些电路例如脉冲宽度调制和DC到DC切换的电源布局相互配合,以便通过电源结合装置向照明镇流器或其它适当的DC负载提供标称26.6伏电压。图10还表明控制装置和电压调节器装置可以进一步相互配合,以便对PCU1的上工作电流进行限幅,以及在检测到短路时关断PCU1的直流输出。这种短路检测电路持续地和动态地起作用,因此可在任何时间重新复位到正常工作状态。包含一些可编程电压的其它电压也是可用的,例如13.3、26.6、39.9伏等,用以支持更高电压串联的蓄电池系统和控制要求。
蓄电池欠电压遮断装置在电荷缺乏的情况下断开蓄电池,以便防止过放电,过放电会促使蓄电池产生化学性和物理性的伤害。PV电压调节器和抑制器是一种功率调节器/控制器,用于抑制暂态电压,以及防止由PV板向蓄电池的过充电。
图11是一包含天然气废热发电(Cogeneiation)的照明供电系统的另一实施例。AC电源50通常由包括DC功率整流器51和控制装置52在内的PCU1整流为DC功率,或在其它情况下按照PCU1的工作指定。然而,以气体作为燃料的DC发电机53形式的废热发电机由天然气源54接收天然气作为基本能源,并将其变换为DC功率,以便维持建筑物照明系统55,例如电子镇流的荧光灯具。这种系统通过利用建筑物照明系统55改变用户要求可以形成更平衡更可预测的功率需求曲线,以气体能源作为补充,因此,来减轻由公用电站提供的峰值功率。这样可以降低需求电荷。
废热发电系统可以连续运行用以向照明负载55供电,并且不需要高成本的60赫的同步功率逆变器,以便通过AC电力线50返送。
燃气DC发电装置53通过PCU1的辅助DC输入端连接到建筑物照明系统55,使建筑物照明系统55投入工作。
正如在所提出的权利要求中所提出的,在不脱离本发明的范围的前提下,其它的实施例也可应用于本发明。
Claims (22)
1.一种电源系统,适用于照明和其它最终用途应用系统,用以利用常规的照明灯具维持正常的照明用电以及维持需要DC电源的其它最终用途的供电,所述电源系统包含:
电源控制装置,用于由一个电源接收AC交流电源或者由一电源接收替代DC电源,以及用于提供所需的经调节的低压DC电源输送到在所述照明灯具内的电压适配的一或多个灯和/或至少一个DC可兼容的最终用途的负载装置;
DC整流装置,对输入的AC电压进行整流;
功率因数校正装置,与所述DC整流装置相连,用于在AC输入端得到高的功率因数和低的总谐波畸变;
电压调节装置,与所述电源控制装置相连,对所述DC整流装置输出的电压进行调节,并通过电源结合装置向DC负载提供适合的电压;
蓄电池欠电压遮断装置,与所述电源结合装置相连,用于在电荷缺乏的情况下断开蓄电池,以便防止过放电;以及
光电池电压调节器和抑制器,与所述电源结合装置相连,用于抑制暂态电压,防止由光电池板向蓄电池过充电,
所述电源控制装置向一个或多个电负载供电,无论是否利用替代DC电源向所述至少一个DC可兼容负载供电。
2.如权利要求1所述的电源控制装置,其特征在于所述替代DC电源是一可重新充电的蓄电池,以及所述AC电源有故障时,所述蓄电池继续向所述至少一个DC可兼容的负载供电,其中,利用所述电源控制装置的所述经调节的输出电压,使处于静止备用方式的所述可重新充电的蓄电池以最佳方式保持充电状态。
3.如权利要求1所述的电源控制装置,其特征在于所述替代DC电源是AC变DC电压调节能量变换器,其将一种能源变换为可电兼容的DC电压。
4.如权利要求1所述的电源控制装置,其特征在于所述替代DC电源是一太阳能光电池盘。
5.如权利要求1所述的电源控制装置,其特征在于所述替代DC电源是一光电燃料电池。
6.如权利要求1所述的电源控制装置,其特征在于所述替代DC电源是以矿物燃料作为燃料的内燃机械驱动的DC发电机。
7.如权利要求1所述的电源控制装置,其特征在于所述替代电源是同时产生电力和热力的燃气DC废热发电机。
8.如权利要求7所述的电源控制装置,其特征在于所述燃气DC废热发电机是一热光电式废热发电机。
9.如权利要求7所述的电源控制装置,其特征在于所述的燃气DC废热发电机是一燃料电池发电机。
10.如权利要求1所述的电源控制装置,其特征在于所述替代DC电源产生所需的DC电源。
11.如权利要求2所述的电源控制装置,其特征在于所述的蓄电池与一电压调节能量变换器组合成电源组合,所述电压调节能量变换器将一个能量源转变为可电兼容的直流电压。
12.如权利要求11所述的电源控制装置,其特征在于所述电源组合按比例将功率输送到所述的负载。
13.权利要求7的电源控制装置,其中所述直流发电机与所述交流电源构成一个电源组合作为一电负载调平器,由此减少了来自电设施产生源的峰功率,导致需求负荷降低。
14.如权利要求2所述的电源装置,其特征在于该电路确保供给AC和DC电压调节变换器的AC电流和电压波形作为时间函数有相同的幅度。
15.如权利要求1所述的电源控制装置,其特征在于所述电源控制装置和所述替代性DC电源被配置靠近多DC负载的照明网络且围绕其中心,所述多个DC负载形成一集群。
16.如权利要求15所述的电源控制装置,其特征在于所述集群是将低压电缆长度以及因此使功率消耗电压降至最小电平的一种集群。
17.如权利要求15所述的电源控制装置,其特征在于所述集群是,即使在所述中心电源不论发生何种中断的情况下,保证对于供电区域当地的供电完整性的一种方式。
18.如权利要求15所述的电源控制装置,其特征在于所述集群由常规高压AC电缆供电,其中,该电缆相对于所述支持DC的电缆具有成比例的较长长度。
19.如权利要求15所述的电源控制装置,其特征在于所述集群使用多个电源控制装置,每一所述电源控制装置具有其自身的集群并且集中由单一常规高压AC电缆供电,该电缆相对于所述DC后援电缆具有成比例的较长长度。
20.如权利要求2所述的电源控制装置,其特征在于所述的蓄电池与能量变换器成电源组合形式,用于向所述DC可兼容的一或多个负载供电。
21.如权利要求2所述的电源控制装置,其特征在于所述蓄电池与一能量变换器成电源组合形式组合,运行时向DC可兼容的一或多个负载供电,正像在一非电网孤立维持的电源系统中一样,没有中央电网提供的AC电源的支持。
22.如权利要求2所述的电源控制装置,其特征在于所述电源控制装置在对于在中央电网电源之外的所有替代电源而言的所述电网中作为一中央电源控制点,以及
其中所述电源控制装置还利用当地的AC发电站电源。
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-
1997
- 1997-03-19 US US08/820,496 patent/US6933627B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1998
- 1998-03-18 MY MYPI98001183A patent/MY124174A/en unknown
- 1998-03-19 IL IL12707098A patent/IL127070A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-03-19 ES ES98913102T patent/ES2322406T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-03-19 EP EP98913102A patent/EP0919077B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-03-19 AT AT98913102T patent/ATE421180T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-03-19 TR TR1998/02379T patent/TR199802379T1/xx unknown
- 1998-03-19 AR ARP980101241 patent/AR012112A1/es not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-03-19 DE DE69840471T patent/DE69840471D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-03-19 BR BR9804830A patent/BR9804830A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-03-19 AU AU67731/98A patent/AU748683B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1998-03-19 JP JP54086698A patent/JP2001504680A/ja active Pending
- 1998-03-19 CN CNB988006561A patent/CN1269282C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-03-19 WO PCT/US1998/005836 patent/WO1998041793A2/en active IP Right Grant
- 1998-06-02 TW TW87103995A patent/TW436598B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1999
- 1999-12-16 HK HK99105938A patent/HK1020809A1/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2004
- 2004-12-08 US US11/007,965 patent/US7224131B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2007
- 2007-05-14 US US11/803,310 patent/US20070222298A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU748683B2 (en) | 2002-06-13 |
JP2001504680A (ja) | 2001-04-03 |
HK1020809A1 (en) | 2000-05-19 |
AU6773198A (en) | 1998-10-12 |
IL127070A (en) | 2002-05-23 |
MY124174A (en) | 2006-06-30 |
EP0919077B1 (en) | 2009-01-14 |
DE69840471D1 (de) | 2009-03-05 |
IL127070A0 (en) | 1999-09-22 |
TR199802379T1 (xx) | 2001-05-21 |
US7224131B2 (en) | 2007-05-29 |
AR012112A1 (es) | 2000-09-27 |
TW436598B (en) | 2001-05-28 |
ES2322406T3 (es) | 2009-06-19 |
WO1998041793A3 (en) | 1999-03-18 |
ATE421180T1 (de) | 2009-01-15 |
EP0919077A2 (en) | 1999-06-02 |
US20070222298A1 (en) | 2007-09-27 |
WO1998041793A2 (en) | 1998-09-24 |
US6933627B2 (en) | 2005-08-23 |
BR9804830A (pt) | 2000-01-11 |
US20050099138A1 (en) | 2005-05-12 |
US20020003379A1 (en) | 2002-01-10 |
EP0919077A4 (en) | 2004-11-24 |
CN1229533A (zh) | 1999-09-22 |
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