CN1266448C - Plane strain measurement sensor - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a plane strain measuring sensor. At least two bolt holes or positioning slot holes are axially arranged on the upper surface of a multi-directional supporting post, and radial holes corresponding to and communicated with the axial bolt holes or the positioning slot holes on the upper surface are processed on the same plane in the radial direction of a side surface. One end of at least two connecting rods is respectively arranged in the radial holes of the multi-directional supporting post, and the other end is connected with sensors on the same plane in different directions. Laboratory tests and bridge load tests prove that the present invention has the advantages of reasonable design, high sensitivity, easy calibration, small linearity error, strong anti-interference ability, strong moisture-resistant ability, good stability, variable gauge length, extensive application range, etc. After connected with a static strain gauge or a dynamic strain gauge, the present invention can be used to measure strain in the same plane in different direction of various building components, such as highway bridges, railroad bridges, etc., and can also be used to measure strain of metal members in the same plane in different directions.

Description

Plane strain measurement sensor

Technical field

The invention belongs to the equipment technical field of measuring relative displacement, be specifically related to plane strain measurement sensor.

Background technology

In bridge and the detection of various building structure construction quality, service life assessment, the disease analysis of causes, new structural shape experimental study, strain normally needs one of Main physical amount of observing.The method that measurement buildings strain is at present adopted mainly contains two kinds.A kind of is foil gauge, during use foil gauge is directly sticked on the detected position of works.Work such as paster, bonding wire, mounting are usually carried out in the high-altitude of several meters and even tens meters, and difficulty is bigger, and quality is difficult to guarantee, efficient is quite low, and measured value influenced by environment temperature and ambient humidity very big, often the drift of the measured value of some point is very big, measurement data is with a low credibility.Another is arc strainometer, the primary structure of this strainometer is to be bonded with foil gauge on the bigger and thick arcuate bombing leaf of a slice volume ratio, arcuate bombing leaf needs special metal die to make, processed complex, the production cost height, the rigidity of arcuate bombing leaf is big, and is influential to the strain on sensor component surface, the data out of true of being demarcated, poor stability.Particularly this strainometer two ends all stick on the bearing, can not take off two end bearings simultaneously during dismounting, thereby cause the strainometer sensitive part stressed very big, and strainometer is impaired easily, cause correction factor to change, and make measuring result error bigger.

The patent No. is 200320109969.X, the denomination of invention Chinese patent for " two cantilever xoncrete structure strain measurement meter ", adopts an end and the strain transducer of connecting rod to link, the other end and bearing link.The strain measurement meter of this structure, on-the-spot test through laboratory and bridge construction room, two cantilever xoncrete structure strain measurement meters are compared with foil gauge, prove it have highly sensitive, be easy to demarcate, linear error is little, long-time stability good, gauge length is variable, production cost is low, applied widely, humidity-proof ability strong, stable output signal, advantage such as easy to use, but this strain measurement meter, can only the measurement structure thing strain of the direction in surface, to the strain of the different directions in the same plane, can't test.In addition, this pair of cantilever xoncrete structure strain measurement meter, thermofin is not set in sensor, in test process, because of temperature variation, the spring leaf that is provided with in the sensor deforms because of temperature variation, and spring leaf is the directly distortion of the tested member of impression under load, the foil gauge that spring leaf is provided with is experienced the distortion output strain signal of spring leaf, and is bigger to the strain data influence of being surveyed.Therefore, to the development of different directions strain transducer in the same plane of building structure, be the technical matters that buildings strain testing technical field need solve.

Summary of the invention

Technical matters to be solved by this invention is to overcome the shortcoming of above-mentioned concrete strain meter, provide a kind of reasonable in design, highly sensitive, be easy to demarcate, the same model output sensitivity is identical, linear error is little, antijamming capability is strong, good stability, gauge length plane strain measurement sensor variable, applied widely.

Solving the problems of the technologies described above the technical scheme that is adopted is: an end of connecting rod connects with pillar, the other end connects with sensor.Pillar of the present invention is multidirectional pillar, in the upper surface of multidirectional pillar axially is processed with 2 screws or location notch hole, radially same plane, side at least, be processed with radial hole corresponding with axial screw of upper surface or location notch hole and that link, an end of at least two connecting rods is separately positioned in the radial hole of multidirectional pillar, the other end respectively with same plane in the sensor of different directions link.Sensor of the present invention is: the upper end in housing is provided with the upper end cover that output plug is installed, the lower end is provided with bottom end cover, in housing, be provided with left spring sheet and right spring leaf, be provided with cushion block between left spring sheet and the right spring leaf, be arranged with lower cushion block, the top of left spring sheet and right spring leaf is arranged in the stiff end fixture block under the upper end cover, the lateral surface of left spring sheet and right spring leaf or medial surface are provided with 4 or 8 foil gauges that are connected with output plug by lead, on left spring sheet and right spring leaf, also be provided with and the joining auxiliary connecting rod of connecting rod, also be provided with housing thermofin and bottom end cover thermofin and potentiometer in housing, potentiometer is connected with foil gauge by lead.

Multidirectional pillar upper surface of the present invention be processed with 2 screw or location notch holes that link with radial hole at least, best upper surface at multidirectional pillar axially is processed with a, b, c, d, six screws of e, f or location notch hole forward or backwards successively, a, b, c, d, six screws of e, f or location notch hole respectively with radially same plane, the side of multidirectional pillar in corresponding a ', b ', c ', d ', six holes of e ', f ＇ link.

The a that axially processes successively forward or backwards at the upper surface of multidirectional pillar of the present invention, b, c, d, e, six screws of f or location notch hole, a screw or location notch hole and b screw or location notch hole, b screw or location notch hole and c screw or location notch hole, central angle between c screw or location notch hole and d screw or the location notch hole is 45 °, central angle between d screw or location notch hole and e screw or the location notch hole is 105 °, central angle between e screw or location notch hole and f screw or the location notch hole is 60 °, central angle between f screw or location notch hole and a screw or the location notch hole is 60 °, the a ' that radially processes in the same plane of forward in the side of multidirectional pillar, b ', c ', d ', e ', six holes of f ＇, a ' hole and a screw or location notch hole link, b ' hole and b screw or location notch hole link, c ' hole and c screw or location notch hole link, d ' hole and d screw or location notch hole link, e ' hole and e screw or location notch hole link, f ＇ hole and f screw or location notch hole link.

4 foil gauges that are arranged on left spring sheet and the right spring leaf of the present invention are: 2 foil gauges are being set on the lateral surface of left spring sheet or 2 foil gauges are being set on the medial surface or 1 foil gauge respectively is set on lateral surface and medial surface, 2 foil gauges are being set on the lateral surface of right spring leaf or 2 foil gauges are being set on the medial surface or 1 foil gauge respectively is set on lateral surface and medial surface, 2 foil gauges on the left spring sheet and 2 foil gauges on the right spring leaf connect into bridge circuit, and potentiometer is connected with the bridge circuit that foil gauge is linked to be.8 foil gauges that the present invention is arranged on left spring sheet and the right spring leaf are: 4 foil gauges are being set on the lateral surface of left spring sheet or 4 foil gauges are being set on the medial surface or 2 foil gauges respectively are set on lateral surface and medial surface, 4 foil gauges are being set on the lateral surface of right spring leaf or 4 foil gauges are being set on the medial surface or 2 foil gauges respectively are set on lateral surface and medial surface, connect into bridge circuit after 4 foil gauges on the left spring sheet and per 2 series connection of 4 foil gauges on the right spring leaf, potentiometer is connected with the bridge circuit that foil gauge is linked to be.

The present invention is arranged on 4 foil gauges on left spring sheet and the right spring leaf or is: 4 foil gauges are set or at medial surface 4 foil gauges are set at the lateral surface of left spring sheet and connect into bridge circuit, potentiometer is connected with the bridge circuit that foil gauge is linked to be.Of the present inventionly be arranged on 4 foil gauges on left spring sheet and the right spring leaf or be: 4 foil gauges are set or at medial surface 4 foil gauges are set at the lateral surface of right spring leaf and connect into bridge circuit, potentiometer is connected with the bridge circuit that foil gauge is linked to be.

The present invention compares with available coagulation soil strain measurement meter, adopted multidirectional pillar, sensor connects with multidirectional pillar by connecting rod, different directions connects 2 connecting rods at least with multidirectional pillar in the isoplanar of tested member, the other end at connecting rod connects 1 sensor, makes the present invention can measure the strain of different directions in the same plane of member.Increase is provided with thermofin and potentiometer in sensor, has improved the output stability of sensor, makes with the output sensitivity of batch sensor identical.The present invention tests through lab investigation and through bridge load, that proof the present invention has is reasonable in design, highly sensitive, be easy to demarcate, linear error is little, humidity-proof ability is strong, be subjected to advantages such as influence of temperature change is little, output stability good, gauge length is variable, applied widely, the present invention is with after statical strain indicator or dynamic strain indicator are connected, can detect the strain of different directions in the same planes of various building members such as highway bridge, railroad bridge, also can detect the strain of different directions in the same plane of hardware.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of inventive embodiments 1.

Fig. 2 is the front view of multidirectional pillar 3 among Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is the vertical view of Fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is the A-A cut-open view of Fig. 2.

Fig. 5 is the structural representation of sensor 1 among Fig. 1.

Fig. 6 is the electronic circuit schematic diagram of foil gauge among Fig. 5.

Fig. 7 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the invention 2.

Fig. 8 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the invention 3.

Embodiment

The present invention is described in more detail below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, but the invention is not restricted to these embodiment.

Embodiment 1

Fig. 1 has provided the structural representation of 45 ° of perpendicular type plane strain measurement sensors of the present invention embodiment.In Fig. 1～6, plane strain measurement sensor of the present invention is by sensor 1, connecting rod 2, multidirectional pillar 3, limits screw 4 and connect and constitute.

The multidirectional pillar 3 of present embodiment be shaped as right cylinder, center at multidirectional pillar 3 is processed with center pit, be processed with a successively at the axial forward of the upper surface of multidirectional pillar 3, b, c, d, e, six screws of f, also can be processed into location notch hole, a screw and b screw, b screw and c screw, central angle between c screw and the d screw is 45 °, central angle between d screw and the e screw is 105 °, central angle between e screw and the f screw is 60 °, central angle between f screw and a screw is 60 °, side at multidirectional pillar 3 radially is processed with a ' in the same plane of forward, b ', c ', d ', e ', six holes of f ＇, a ' hole and a screw link, b ' hole and b screw link, c ' hole and c screw link, d ' hole and d screw link, e ' hole and e screw link, f ＇ hole and f screw link, a ', b ', c ', d ', e ', six holes of f ＇ are used for installing connecting rods 2, a, b, c, d, e, six screws of f are used for installing qualification screw 4, six roots of sensation connecting rod 2 is separately fixed at a ', b ', c ', d ', e ', in six holes of f ＇, limit screw 4 connecting rod 2 is fixed in the radial hole.As axially being processed into location notch hole at multidirectional pillar 3 upper surfaces, available connector key or pin are fixed on connecting rod 2 in the radial hole.It is identical with timing faller gill row that a, b, c, d, six screws of e, f also can be arranged its angle each other by inhour, the arrangement in a ', b ', c ', d ', e ', six holes of f ＇ and a, b, c, d, the corresponding arrangement of six screw inhours of e, f.

Present embodiment radially is installed with three connecting rods 2 with limiting screw 4 respectively in a ', the b ' in the same plane of forward, the c ' hole in multidirectional pillar 3 sides, the other end at every connecting rod 2 is connected with a sensor 1, structure perpendicular type plane strain measurement sensor at 45, each sensor 1 is connected with strainmeter by cable.

In Fig. 5,6, the sensor 1 of present embodiment is to be connected by housing 1-1, upper end cover 1-2, left spring sheet 1-3, output plug 1-4, last cushion block 1-5, upper right foil gauge 1-6, stiff end fixture block 1-7, right spring leaf 1-8, bottom right foil gauge 1-9, auxiliary connecting rod 1-10, lower cushion block 1-11, bottom end cover 1-12, potentiometer 1-13, bottom end cover thermofin 1-14, nut 1-15, housing thermofin 1-16, lower-left foil gauge 1-17, upper left foil gauge 1-18 to constitute.

Upper end in housing 1-1 is equipped with upper end cover 1-2, the lower end is equipped with bottom end cover 1-12, the left side of the symmetrical center line in housing 1 is equipped with left spring sheet 1-3, the right side is equipped with right spring leaf 1-8, left spring sheet 1-3 and right spring leaf 1-8 are used to experience the relative displacement of tested member, and generation deformation, on between left spring sheet 1-3 and the right spring leaf 1-8 cushion block 1-5 is installed, under lower cushion block 1-11 is installed, the top of left spring sheet 1-3 and right spring leaf 1-8 is inserted and secured in the stiff end fixture block 1-7, stiff end fixture block 1-7 is installed in upper end cover 1-2 below, the thickness of left spring sheet 1-3 and right spring leaf 1-8 is 0.6mm, the length of left spring sheet 1-3 and right spring leaf 1-8 is 60mm, and the distance between left spring sheet 1-3 and the right spring leaf 1-8 is 5mm.By changing left spring sheet 1-3 and the thickness of right spring leaf 1-8 or the length of left spring sheet 1-3 and right spring leaf 1-8, adjust output sensitivity of the present invention and strain measurement scope at an easy rate, can produce the sensor 1 of various different output sensitivities.On the lateral surface of left spring sheet 1-3, be bonded with upper left foil gauge 1-18, be bonded with lower-left foil gauge 1-17 down, on the lateral surface of right spring leaf 1-8, be bonded with upper right foil gauge 1-6, be bonded with bottom right foil gauge 1-9 down.Side in housing 1-1 is bonded with housing thermofin 1-16, on bottom end cover 1-12, be bonded with bottom end cover thermofin 1-14, when bottom end cover thermofin 1-14 and housing thermofin 1-16 are used for outer atmospheric temperature and change, can not cause that upper left foil gauge 1-18, lower-left foil gauge 1-17, upper right foil gauge 1-6, bottom right foil gauge 1-9 deform and influence measuring accuracy.Potentiometer 1-13 is installed on the bottom end cover 1-12 in housing 1-1, upper left foil gauge 1-18, lower-left foil gauge 1-17, upper right foil gauge 1-6, bottom right foil gauge 1-9 connect into bridge circuit, and the A of bridge circuit, B, C, D end will connect A, B, C, the D end of strainmeter by output plug 1-4.When the output sensitivity of calibration sensor, by adjusting the resistance variations of potentiometer 1-13, can change the size of output sensitivity of the present invention, thereby the output sensitivity that guarantees the same model sensor is identical.The bottom of left spring sheet 1-3 and right spring leaf 1-8 is equipped with auxiliary connecting rod 1-10 by thread connection in housing 1-1, the left end of auxiliary connecting rod 1-10 is fixed on the bottom of left spring sheet 1-3 and right spring leaf 1-8 with nut 1-14, the right-hand member of auxiliary connecting rod 1-10 stretches out outside the right flank of housing 1-1, right-hand member at auxiliary connecting rod 1-10 is processed with screw, and screw is used for passing through thread connection with the end of connecting rod 2.When measuring the strain of member, sticking with glue of bottom end cover 1-12 and multidirectional pillar 3 is connected on the detected concrete component surface.When component surface produces stretching or compression deformation, relative displacement takes place between sensor 1 and the multidirectional pillar 3, by connecting rod 2 left spring sheet 1-3 and right spring leaf 1-8 are deformed, upper left foil gauge 1-18, the lower-left foil gauge 1-17, upper right foil gauge 1-6, the bottom right foil gauge 1-9 that are bonded in left spring sheet 1-3 and the right spring leaf 1-8 outside experience left spring sheet 1-3 and right spring leaf 1-8 distortion size, 1-4 outputs to strainmeter through output plug, by calibration coefficient, can measure the strain value at the tested position of member.

45 ° of perpendicular type plane strain measurement sensors of present embodiment are applicable in tested member principal strain orientation roughly clearly and can measure the strain value at the tested position of member under the situation, and the principle stress of its measuring point is calculated by following formula:

${\mathrm{\&sigma;}}_1=\left(\frac{E}{1-\mathrm{\&mu;}}\right)A+\left(\frac{E}{1+\mathrm{\&mu;}}\right)\sqrt{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="B"\; filenames="C20041007312000212.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">B</figure-callout>}}^2+{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="C"\; filenames="C20041007312000212.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">C</figure-callout>}}^2}$

${\mathrm{\&sigma;}}_2=\left(\frac{E}{1-\mathrm{\&mu;}}\right)A-\left(\frac{E}{1+\mathrm{\&mu;}}\right)\sqrt{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="B"\; filenames="C20041007312000212.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">B</figure-callout>}}^2+{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="C"\; filenames="C20041007312000212.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">C</figure-callout>}}^2}$

${\mathrm{\&tau;}}_{\mathrm{MAX}}=\left(\frac{E}{1+\mathrm{\&mu;}}\right)\sqrt{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="B"\; filenames="C20041007312000212.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">B</figure-callout>}}^2+{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="C"\; filenames="C20041007312000212.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">C</figure-callout>}}^2}$

E is the elastic modulus of construction material in the formula, and μ is the Poisson's ratio of construction material.

A, B, C are determined by table 1.

A, B, C parameter list in 45 ° of perpendicular type principle stresses of table 1 computing formula

Annotate: ε in the table _{0 °}Be the actual measurement strain value of sensor in 0 ° of direction, ε _{45 °}Be the actual measurement strain value of sensor in 45 ° of directions, ε _{90 °}Be the actual measurement strain value of sensor in 90 ° of directions.

Embodiment 2

In Fig. 2,3,4,7, the plane strain measurement sensor of present embodiment is by multidirectional pillar 3, four connecting rods 2, four sensors 1, limits screw 4 and be connected into fan type plane strain measurement sensor.In a, the b of multidirectional pillar 3 upper surfaces, c, d screw, be equipped with and limit screw 4 and respectively four connecting rods 2 are fixedly mounted in a ', b ' in the same plane of multidirectional pillar 3 side forwards, c ', the d ' hole, the other end at every connecting rod 2 is connected with a sensor 1, constitute fan type plane strain measurement sensor, each sensor 1 is connected with strainmeter by cable.The structure of sensor 1 and multidirectional pillar 3 is identical with embodiment 1.Present embodiment fan type plane strain measurement sensor is applicable under the roughly clear and important situation in tested member principal strain orientation, and can measure the strain value at the tested position of member, the principle stress of its measuring point is calculated by following formula:

${\mathrm{\&sigma;}}_1=\left(\frac{E}{1-\mathrm{\&mu;}}\right)A+\left(\frac{E}{1+\mathrm{\&mu;}}\right)\sqrt{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="B"\; filenames="C20041007312000212.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">B</figure-callout>}}^2+{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="C"\; filenames="C20041007312000212.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">C</figure-callout>}}^2}$

${\mathrm{\&sigma;}}_2=\left(\frac{E}{1-\mathrm{\&mu;}}\right)A-\left(\frac{E}{1+\mathrm{\&mu;}}\right)\sqrt{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="B"\; filenames="C20041007312000212.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">B</figure-callout>}}^2+{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="C"\; filenames="C20041007312000212.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">C</figure-callout>}}^2}$

${\mathrm{\&tau;}}_{\mathrm{MAX}}=\left(\frac{E}{1+\mathrm{\&mu;}}\right)\sqrt{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="B"\; filenames="C20041007312000212.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">B</figure-callout>}}^2+{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="C"\; filenames="C20041007312000212.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">C</figure-callout>}}^2}$

E is the elastic modulus of construction material in the formula, and μ is the Poisson's ratio of construction material.

A, B, C are determined by table 2.

A, B, C parameter list in the table 2 fan type principle stress computing formula

Annotate: ε in the table _{0 °}Be the actual measurement strain value of sensor in 0 ° of direction, ε _{45 °}Be the actual measurement strain value of sensor in 45 ° of directions, ε _{90 °}Be the actual measurement strain value of sensor in 90 ° of directions, ε _{135 °}Be the actual measurement strain value of sensor in 135 ° of directions.

Embodiment 3

In Fig. 2,3,4,8, the plane strain measurement sensor of present embodiment is by multidirectional pillar 3, three connecting rods 2, three sensors 1, limits screw 4 and be connected into 60 ° of isogonism type plane strain measurement sensors.In a, the e of multidirectional pillar 3 upper surfaces, f screw, be equipped with and limit screw 4 and respectively three connecting rods 2 are fixedly mounted in a ', e ' in the same plane of multidirectional pillar 3 side forwards, the f ＇ hole, the other end at every connecting rod 2 is connected with a sensor 1, each sensor 1 is connected with strainmeter by cable, constitutes 60 ° of isogonism type plane strain measurement sensors.The structure of sensor 1 and multidirectional pillar 3 is identical with embodiment 1.60 ° of isogonism types of present embodiment plane strain measurement sensor is applicable under the unclear situation in tested member principal strain orientation, and can measure the strain value at the tested position of member, the principle stress of its measuring point is calculated by following formula:

${\mathrm{\&sigma;}}_1=\left(\frac{E}{1-\mathrm{\&mu;}}\right)A+\left(\frac{E}{1+\mathrm{\&mu;}}\right)\sqrt{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="B"\; filenames="C20041007312000212.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">B</figure-callout>}}^2+{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="C"\; filenames="C20041007312000212.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">C</figure-callout>}}^2}$

${\mathrm{\&sigma;}}_2=\left(\frac{E}{1-\mathrm{\&mu;}}\right)A-\left(\frac{E}{1+\mathrm{\&mu;}}\right)\sqrt{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="B"\; filenames="C20041007312000212.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">B</figure-callout>}}^2+{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="C"\; filenames="C20041007312000212.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">C</figure-callout>}}^2}$

${\mathrm{\&tau;}}_{\mathrm{MAX}}=\left(\frac{E}{1+\mathrm{\&mu;}}\right)\sqrt{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="B"\; filenames="C20041007312000212.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">B</figure-callout>}}^2+{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="C"\; filenames="C20041007312000212.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">C</figure-callout>}}^2}$

E is the elastic modulus of construction material in the formula, and μ is the Poisson's ratio of construction material.

A, B, C are determined by table 3.

A, B, C parameter list in the table 360 ° isogonism type principle stress computing formula

Annotate: ε in the table _{0 °}Be the actual measurement strain value of sensor in 0 ° of direction, ε _{60 °}Be the actual measurement strain value of sensor in 60 ° of directions, ε _{120 °}Be the actual measurement strain value of sensor in 120 ° of directions.

Embodiment 4

In Fig. 3,4, the plane strain measurement sensor of present embodiment is by multidirectional pillar 3, two connecting rods 2, two sensors 1, limits screw 4 and be connected into.In a of multidirectional pillar 3 upper surfaces, c screw, be equipped with and limit screw 4 and respectively two connecting rods 2 are fixedly mounted in a ' in the same plane of multidirectional pillar 3 side forwards, the c ' hole, the other end at every connecting rod 2 is connected with a sensor 1, and each sensor 1 is connected with strainmeter by cable.The structure of sensor 1 and multidirectional pillar 3 is identical with embodiment 1.The plane strain measurement sensor of present embodiment is applicable under the situation about determining in tested member principal strain orientation (drawing, press member), and can measure the strain value at the tested position of member, the principle stress of its measuring point is calculated by following formula:

σ ₁＝Eε _0°

σ ₂＝Eε _90°

E is the elastic modulus of construction material in the formula, ε _{0 °}Be the actual measurement strain value of sensor in 0 ° of direction, ε _{90 °}Be the actual measurement strain value of sensor in 90 ° of directions.

Embodiment 5

In above embodiment 1～4, bonding 2 foil gauges on the medial surface of left spring sheet 1-3 in the sensor 1, bonding 2 foil gauges on the medial surface of right spring leaf 1-8,2 foil gauges on the left spring sheet 1-3 and 2 foil gauges on the right spring leaf 1-8 connect into bridge circuit, potentiometer 1-13 is connected with the bridge circuit that foil gauge is linked to be, and potentiometer 1-13 is identical with embodiment 1 with the connected mode of the bridge circuit that foil gauge is linked to be.The connection relation of other parts and other parts is identical with embodiment 1.

Embodiment 6

In above embodiment 1～4, each bonding 1 foil gauge on the lateral surface of left spring sheet 1-3 in the sensor 1 and the medial surface, each bonding 1 foil gauge on the lateral surface of right spring leaf 1-8 and the medial surface, 2 foil gauges on the left spring sheet 1-3 and 2 foil gauges on the right spring leaf 1-8 connect into bridge circuit, potentiometer 1-13 is connected with the bridge circuit that foil gauge is linked to be, and potentiometer 1-13 is identical with embodiment 1 with the connected mode of the bridge circuit that foil gauge is linked to be.The connection relation of other parts and other parts is identical with embodiment 1.

Embodiment 7

In above embodiment 1～4, on the lateral surface of left spring sheet 1-3 in the sensor 1 bonding 4 foil gauges or on medial surface bonding 4 foil gauges, also can be on the lateral surface of right spring leaf 1-8 bonding 4 foil gauges or on medial surface bonding 4 foil gauges, 4 foil gauges on the left spring sheet 1-3 or 4 foil gauges on the right spring leaf 1-8 connect into bridge circuit, potentiometer 1-13 is connected with the bridge circuit that foil gauge is linked to be, and potentiometer 1-13 is identical with embodiment 1 with the connected mode of the bridge circuit that foil gauge is linked to be.The connection relation of other parts and other parts is identical with embodiment 1.

Embodiment 8

In above embodiment 1～4, bonding 4 foil gauges on the lateral surface of left spring sheet 1-3 in the sensor 1, bonding 4 foil gauges on the lateral surface of right spring leaf 1-8, connect into bridge circuit again after 4 foil gauges on the left spring sheet 1-3 and two series connections of 4 every same positions of foil gauge on the right spring leaf 1-8, the bridge circuit that is linked to be after potentiometer 1-13 and the foil gauge series connection is connected, and potentiometer 1-13 is identical with embodiment 1 with the connected mode of the bridge circuit that foil gauge is linked to be.The connection relation of other parts and other parts is identical with embodiment 1.

Embodiment 9

In above embodiment 1～4, bonding 4 foil gauges on the medial surface of left spring sheet 1-3 in the sensor 1, bonding 4 foil gauges on the medial surface of right spring leaf 1-8, connect into bridge circuit again after 4 foil gauges on the left spring sheet 1-3 and two series connections of 4 every same positions of foil gauge on the right spring leaf 1-8, the bridge circuit that is linked to be after potentiometer 1-13 and the foil gauge series connection is connected, and potentiometer 1-13 is identical with embodiment 1 with the connected mode of the bridge circuit that foil gauge is linked to be.The connection relation of other parts and other parts is identical with embodiment 1.

Embodiment 10

In above embodiment 1～4, each bonding 2 foil gauge on the lateral surface of left spring sheet 1-3 in the sensor 1 and the medial surface, each bonding 2 foil gauge on the lateral surface of right spring leaf 1-8 and the medial surface, connect into bridge circuit after 4 foil gauges on the left spring sheet 1-3 and per two series connections of 4 foil gauges on the right spring leaf 1-8, the series connection mode of foil gauge is: 1 foil gauge series connection on 1 foil gauge on the left spring sheet 1-3 lateral surface and the right spring leaf 1-8 medial surface on the opposite position connects into bridge circuit after 1 foil gauge series connection on 1 foil gauge on the right spring leaf 1-8 lateral surface and the left spring sheet 1-3 medial surface on the opposite position.The bridge circuit that is linked to be after potentiometer 1-13 and the foil gauge series connection is connected, and potentiometer 1-13 is identical with embodiment 1 with the connected mode of the bridge circuit that foil gauge is linked to be.The connection relation of other parts and other parts is identical with embodiment 1.

In order to verify beneficial effect of the present invention, the applicant entrusts highway engineering inspection center of Xian Road Communication Univ. and foil gauge to carry out contrast test the embodiment of the invention 1, embodiment 2, embodiment 3 plane strain measurement sensors, ten thousand stockaded village's bridges have carried out loading test to embodiment 1 plane strain measurement sensor in the Xuzhou City, and various test situation are as follows:

One, contrast test

Concrete prism sample dimensions: 400mm * 600mm * 1500mm

Concrete design label: C50

Surveying instrument: the TDS-602 data collecting instrument, produce by Japan;

Loading equipemtn: the 5000KN pressure testing machine, produce by Changchun;

Foil gauge: BQ120-100AA is produced by Hanzhong Zhonghang Electrical Measuring Instrument Co Ltd;

Environment temperature: 26 ℃;

Sensor: 45 ° of perpendicular type plane strain measurement sensors, fan type plane strain measurement sensor, 60 ° of isogonism type plane strain measurement sensors;

Method of testing: GB/T50081-2002 (standard for test methods of mechanical properties of ordinary concrete);

TestDate: 2004.05.06

Test result:

1, the strain value at 45 ° of perpendicular type plane strain measurement sensors and the tested position of foil gauge contrast test concrete component

Test result sees Table 4.

45 ° of perpendicular type plane strain measurement sensors of table 4 and three average tests of foil gauge be table as a result

Load kN	ε 0°(με)		ε 45°(με)		ε 90°(με)		Maximum error (μ ε)
								Sensor	Foil gauge	Sensor	Foil gauge	Sensor	Foil gauge
	100	0	1	0	1	0								1	1
700							16	15	-38	-35	-72	-69	-3
	1300	32	29	-77	-74	-145								-142	3
1900							48	44	-115	-116	-217	-215	4
	2500	63	60	-154	-149	-290								-286	-5
3100							79	75	-193	-189	-364	-359	-5
	100	1	5	-1	-3	-2								-5	5

Conclusion: 45 ° of perpendicular type plane strain measurement sensor measurement data are linear, and maximum linear error 1.57% is more identical with the foil gauge measurement data; When load is unloaded to initial in advance when value added from maximal value, the measurement data of perpendicular type plane strain measurement sensor is zero substantially, the measuring accuracy height; In test process, the measurement data of perpendicular type plane strain measurement sensor is stable, no drift phenomenon, three measurement data good reproducibilities, maximum error 2.1%.

2, the strain value test result at fan type plane strain measurement sensor and the tested position of foil gauge contrast test concrete component sees Table 5.

Three average tests of table 5 fan type plane strain measurement sensor and foil gauge are table as a result

Load kN	ε 0°(με)		ε 45°(με)		ε 90°(με)		ε 135°(με)		Maximum error (μ ε)
										Sensor	Foil gauge	Sensor	Foil gauge	Sensor	Foil gauge	Sensor	Foil gauge
	100	0	0	0	-1	0	1	0										1	1
700									15	14	-39	-38	-71	-73	-37	-35	-2
	1300	30	29	-79	-77	-143	-140	-74										-70	-4
1900									46	43	-119	-123	-216	-211	-113	-112	-5
	2500	61	58	-160	-164	-286	-280	-153										-150	-6
3100									77	78	-202	-196	-359	-353	-193	-196	-6
	100	0	2	-1	-5	1	-6	-2										-5	-6

Conclusion: fan type plane strain measurement sensor measurement data is linear, and maximum linear error 2.1% is more identical with the foil gauge measurement data; When load is unloaded to initial in advance when value added from maximal value, the measurement data of fan type plane strain measurement sensor is zero substantially, the measuring accuracy height; In test process, the measurement data of fan type plane strain measurement sensor is stable, no drift phenomenon, three measurement data good reproducibilities, maximum error 2.3%.

3, the strain value at 60 ° of isogonism type plane strain measurement sensors and the tested position of foil gauge contrast test concrete component test

Test result sees Table 6.

Three average tests of table 6 60 ° of isogonism types plane strain measurement sensor and foil gauge are table as a result

Load KN	ε 0°(με)		ε 60°(με)		ε 120°(με)		Maximum error (μ ε)
								Sensor	Foil gauge	Sensor	Foil gauge	Sensor	Foil gauge
	100	0	1	0	-1	0								0	1
700							15	15	-62	-64	-61	-57	-2
	1300	31	28	-126	-128	-123								-120	-3
1900							46	46	-191	-195	-186	-185	-4
	2500	63	60	-254	-258	-250								-245	-5
3100							79	82	-319	-324	-314	-309	-5
	100	-1	4	-1	-5	1								-3	-5

Conclusion: 60 ° of isogonism type plane strain measurement sensor measurement data are linear, and the maximum linear error is 1.9%, and is more identical with the foil gauge measurement data; When load is unloaded to initial in advance when value added from maximal value, the measurement data of isogonism type plane strain measurement sensor is zero substantially, the measuring accuracy height; In test process, the measurement data of isogonism type plane strain measurement sensor is stable, no drift phenomenon, three measurement data good reproducibilities, maximum error 1.8%.

Two, Xuzhou City's ten thousand stockaded village's axle loads carry test

1, ten thousand stockaded village's bridge overviews

Plucked string instrument with a fretted fingerboard Wan Luwan stockaded village bridge location is striden fourth ten thousand rivers in the north suburb, Xuzhou City, and southern bank is the urban district, and northern bank is the factories and miness district.Bridge superstructure is 3 holes, 20 meters assembled steel reinforced concretes freely-supported T beams, and substructure is stake column pier, platform, and the basis is a cast-in-situ bored pile.Bridge floor is: clean 12.0+2 * 1.5m walkway.Design load is: automobile-20 grade, trailer-100.Ten thousand stockaded village's bridge deck paving and expansion joint havocs, pavement cracking sedimentation behind the abutment, heavy vehicle bridge span structure vibration when the bridge is bigger, has been in dangerous user mode, is badly in need of detecting evaluation, so that take modification measures, guarantees this bridge safe operation.

2, testing tool

45 ° of perpendicular type plane strain measurement sensors are provided by Chang An University;

Strainmeter is produced by Japan;

Foil gauge: BQ120-100AA is produced by Hanzhong Zhonghang Electrical Measuring Instrument Co Ltd;

3, method of testing

Relevant criterion such as Ministry of Communications's " highway technical standard ", " the old bridge load-bearing capacity of highway authentication method ".

Check the shear resistance of this bridge T beam, at 2#, the 4# beam-ends maximum shear position of this bridge 45 ° of perpendicular type plane strain measurement sensors are installed simultaneously, the another side correspondence position pastes the perpendicular type strain rosette that three foil gauges are formed.Load and adopt three 30 tons (car weight+loadage) east wind dumpers, simulated automotive-20 grade load carries out static test.Process of the test is: close traffic, and------three cars are successively gone up to bridge floor assigned address (maximum shear operating mode), and---------overstrain is read in unloading---stopping 10min again---to record data to stablize 10min in the instrument zeroing; Repeat once again by above flow process.

4, test result

Test result sees Table 7, table 8.

</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>

Annotate: ε _{0 °}Be the actual measurement strain value of sensor in 0 ° of direction, ε _{45 °}Be the actual measurement strain value of sensor in 45 ° of directions, ε _{90 °}Be the actual measurement strain value of sensor in 90 ° of directions.

</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>

Annotate: ε _{0 °}Be the actual measurement strain value of sensor in 0 ° of direction, ε _{45 °}Be the actual measurement strain value of sensor in 45 ° of directions, ε _{90 °}Be the actual measurement strain value of sensor in 90 ° of directions.

Conclusion: 45 ° of perpendicular type plane strain measurement sensor measuring accuracy height, measurement data is affected by environment little, no drift phenomenon, the overstrain maximal value is 1 μ ε, good reproducibility, and twice is measured maximum error is 1 μ ε, measured data and theoretical value match, basically the actual loading situation that has reflected beam, on-the-spot installation is very convenient, has improved work on the spot efficient.The foil gauge measurement data is in disorder, and the drift phenomenon is serious, and the overstrain maximal value is 10 μ ε.

Claims (5)

1, a kind of plane strain measurement sensor, one end of connecting rod (2) connects with pillar, the other end connects with sensor (1), it is characterized in that: said pillar is multidirectional pillar (3), in the upper surface of multidirectional pillar (3) axially is processed with 2 screws or location notch hole, radially same plane, side at least, be processed with radial hole corresponding with axial screw of upper surface or location notch hole and that link, an end of at least two connecting rods (2) is separately positioned in the radial hole of multidirectional pillar (3), the other end respectively with same plane in the sensor (1) of different directions link; Said sensor (1) is: the upper end in housing (1-1) is provided with the upper end cover (1-2) that output plug (1-4) is installed, the lower end is provided with bottom end cover (1-12), in housing (1-1), be provided with left spring sheet (1-3) and right spring leaf (1-8), be provided with cushion block (1-5) between left spring sheet (1-3) and the right spring leaf (1-8), be arranged with lower cushion block (1-11), the top of left spring sheet (1-3) and right spring leaf (1-8) is arranged in the stiff end fixture block (1-7) under the upper end cover (1-2), the lateral surface of left spring sheet (1-3) and right spring leaf (1-8) or medial surface are provided with 4 or 8 foil gauges that are connected with output plug (1-4) by lead, on left spring sheet (1-3) and right spring leaf (1-8), also be provided with and the joining auxiliary connecting rod of connecting rod (2) (1-10), also be provided with housing thermofin (1-16) and bottom end cover thermofin (1-14) and potentiometer (1-13) in housing (1-1), potentiometer (1-13) is connected with foil gauge by lead.

2, according to the described plane strain measurement sensor of claim 1, it is characterized in that: said multidirectional pillar (3) upper surface be processed with 2 screw or location notch holes that link with radial hole at least, wherein the upper surface at multidirectional pillar (3) axially is processed with a, b, c, d, six screws of e, f or location notch hole forward or backwards successively, a, b, c, d, six screws of e, f or location notch hole respectively with radially same plane, the side of multidirectional pillar (3) in corresponding a ', b ', c ', d ', six holes of e ', f ' link.

3, according to the described plane strain measurement sensor of claim 2, it is characterized in that: the said a that axially processes successively forward or backwards at the upper surface of multidirectional pillar (3), b, c, d, e, six screws of f or location notch hole, a screw or location notch hole and b screw or location notch hole, b screw or location notch hole and c screw or location notch hole, central angle between c screw or location notch hole and d screw or the location notch hole is 45 °, central angle between d screw or location notch hole and e screw or the location notch hole is 105 °, central angle between e screw or location notch hole and f screw or the location notch hole is 60 °, central angle between f screw or location notch hole and a screw or the location notch hole is 60 °, the a ' of processing in the same plane of forward radially in the side of multidirectional pillar (3), b ', c ', d ', e ', six holes of f ', a ' hole and a screw or location notch hole link, b ' hole and b screw or location notch hole link, c ' hole and c screw or location notch hole link, d ' hole and d screw or location notch hole link, e ' hole and e screw or location notch hole link, f ' hole and f screw or location notch hole link.

4, according to the described plane strain measurement sensor of claim 1, it is characterized in that said 4 foil gauges that are arranged on left spring sheet (1-3) and the right spring leaf (1-8) are: 2 foil gauges are being set on the lateral surface of left spring sheet (1-3) or 2 foil gauges are being set on the medial surface or 1 foil gauge respectively is set on lateral surface and medial surface, 2 foil gauges are being set on the lateral surface of right spring leaf (1-8) or 2 foil gauges are being set on the medial surface or 1 foil gauge respectively is set on lateral surface and medial surface, 2 foil gauges on the left spring sheet (1-3) and 2 foil gauges on the right spring leaf (1-8) connect into bridge circuit, and potentiometer (1-13) is connected with the bridge circuit that foil gauge is linked to be; Said 8 foil gauges that are arranged on left spring sheet (1-3) and the right spring leaf (1-8) are: 4 foil gauges are being set on the lateral surface of left spring sheet (1-3) or 4 foil gauges are being set on the medial surface or 2 foil gauges respectively are set on lateral surface and medial surface, 4 foil gauges are being set on the lateral surface of right spring leaf (1-8) or 4 foil gauges are being set on the medial surface or 2 foil gauges respectively are set on lateral surface and medial surface, connect into bridge circuit after 4 foil gauges on the left spring sheet (1-3) and per 2 series connection of 4 foil gauges on the right spring leaf (1-8), potentiometer (1-13) is connected with the foil gauge that is linked to be bridge circuit.

5, according to the described plane strain measurement sensor of claim 1, it is characterized in that said 4 foil gauges that are arranged on left spring sheet (1-3) and the right spring leaf (1-8) are: 4 foil gauges are set or at medial surface 4 foil gauges are set at the lateral surface of left spring sheet (1-3) and connect into bridge circuit, potentiometer (1-13) is connected with the foil gauge that is linked to be bridge circuit; Saidly be arranged on 4 foil gauges on left spring sheet (1-3) and the right spring leaf (1-8) or be: 4 foil gauges are set or at medial surface 4 foil gauges are set at the lateral surface of right spring leaf (1-8) and connect into bridge circuit, potentiometer (1-13) is connected with the foil gauge that is linked to be bridge circuit.

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