CN111272137A - Testing device for detecting shear deformation of bridge bearing and application - Google Patents
Testing device for detecting shear deformation of bridge bearing and application Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
- G01B21/32—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring the deformation in a solid
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
- G01B21/22—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes
Abstract
The invention aims to provide a testing device for detecting the shear deformation of a bridge bearing, which comprises: an upper horizontal bar; the lower horizontal rod is arranged right below the upper horizontal rod and is parallel to the upper horizontal rod; the distance adjusting mechanism is respectively connected with the upper horizontal rod and the lower horizontal rod and can adjust the vertical distance between the upper horizontal rod and the lower horizontal rod; the upper measuring rod is fixed on one side of the upper horizontal rod or sleeved on the periphery of the upper horizontal rod; the lower measuring rod is fixed on one side of the lower horizontal rod or sleeved on the periphery of the lower horizontal rod, is arranged below the upper measuring rod and is parallel to the upper measuring rod; a distance measuring mechanism. The invention can simultaneously measure the height, the horizontal displacement and the shear deformation angle gamma of the support, has larger measurable height range, can evaluate the damage grade of the support by testing the three parameters, estimates the pressure and the horizontal force born by the support, evaluates whether the stress state of the support, including the vertical compression amount and the horizontal shear deformation amount of the support, exceeds the standard limit value, and further evaluates whether the vertical support reaction force and the horizontal friction force exceed the allowable value of the support.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of detection and defect evaluation of bridge plate type rubber supports, in particular to a test device for detecting shear deformation of a bridge support and application thereof.
Background
At present, highway infrastructure in China is in a rapid development period, particularly, a highway is under large-scale construction, most bridges on the highway adopt prefabricated assembled T-beams, small main beams and hollow plates, the span of the bridge is mostly distributed between 16-40 m, the height of a support is usually between 4.2-15 cm, the bridges have the common advantages of relatively low manufacturing cost, mature construction technology, fast progress and easy quality control, but have common defects, such as the need of using a large number of plate-type rubber supports, when the rubber supports are installed improperly or have quality defects, cracks, aging and overlarge shear deformation are easy to occur, from the condition of field investigation, almost all plate-type rubber supports of in-service bridges have shear deformation to a certain degree, and the shear deformation of part of the rubber supports even reaches 45 degrees or more, so that the stress and internal force transmission functions of the supports are seriously influenced, potential safety hazards are generated to the operation of the bridge. At present, an inclinometer and a straight steel ruler are usually adopted to measure the shearing deformation parameters of a support respectively, the test data of the inclinometer and the straight steel ruler are usually only the deformation of a local area, and the reliability of the overall evaluation is low, if the inclinometer is leaned against the side surface of the support to be measured, the inclination of the inclinometer is required to be close to the measurement and only can represent the deformation of the local area to be tested, the bridge support with a wider pier cap beam cannot be close to the measurement, in addition, the inclinometer usually has the height of about 8cm, the measurement cannot be carried out on a shorter support, and the reliability of the test result is poorer for a support with the.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a testing device for detecting the shear deformation of a bridge bearing and application thereof, which can be used for measuring the height of the bearing, the horizontal displacement and the shear deformation angle gamma simultaneously, and has a larger measurable height range.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a test device for detecting shear deformation of a bridge beam support, comprising:
an upper horizontal bar;
the lower horizontal rod is arranged right below the upper horizontal rod and is parallel to the upper horizontal rod;
the distance adjusting mechanism is respectively connected with the upper horizontal rod and the lower horizontal rod and can adjust the vertical distance between the upper horizontal rod and the lower horizontal rod;
the upper measuring rod is arranged on one side of the upper horizontal rod or sleeved on the periphery of the upper horizontal rod, and the front part of the upper measuring rod can stretch or move left and right along the upper horizontal rod;
the lower measuring rod is arranged on one side of the lower horizontal rod or sleeved on the periphery of the lower horizontal rod, is arranged below the upper measuring rod and is parallel to the upper measuring rod, and the front part of the lower measuring rod can stretch or move left and right along the lower horizontal rod;
the distance measuring mechanism comprises an upper horizontal distance measuring instrument, a lower horizontal distance measuring instrument, a height distance measuring instrument, three reflectors and a data acquisition terminal, wherein the upper horizontal distance measuring instrument is arranged at the front part of an upper horizontal rod, the lower horizontal distance measuring instrument is arranged at the front part of a lower horizontal rod, the height distance measuring instrument and one of the reflectors are respectively arranged in the middle parts of the upper horizontal rod and the lower horizontal rod or the lower horizontal rod and the upper horizontal rod, the height distance measuring instrument is positioned right above or right below the reflectors, and the other two reflectors are respectively arranged at the front parts of the upper measuring rod and the lower measuring rod; and the data acquisition terminal is respectively connected with the upper horizontal distance meter, the lower horizontal distance meter and the height distance meter.
Further, the upper horizontal distance meter is positioned right above the lower horizontal distance meter; the distance between the reflector plate arranged on the upper measuring rod and the front end point of the upper measuring rod is equal to the distance between the reflector plate arranged on the lower measuring rod and the front end point of the lower measuring rod.
Further, the height distance meter is integrated with a temperature sensing device.
Furthermore, interval adjustment mechanism includes vertical supporting rod and high locking unit, the upper end and the last horizontal rod of vertical supporting rod are connected, high locking unit is connected with lower horizontal rod, high locking unit can reciprocate and can be fixed with vertical support pole along vertical supporting rod.
Furthermore, the distance adjusting mechanism further comprises a balance rod and a horizontal sliding block; the number of the balance rods is two, the balance rods are connected in a cross mode through pin shafts, and the pin shafts can move up and down along the vertical supporting rods; the upper end and the lower end of the balancing rod are both connected with horizontal sliding blocks, and the upper horizontal rod and the lower horizontal rod are both provided with horizontal rod sliding grooves for accommodating the horizontal sliding blocks to move; and limiting blocks are arranged at the positions of the two outer sides of the horizontal sliding block in the horizontal rod sliding groove.
Furthermore, a spring is arranged in a horizontal rod sliding groove of the upper horizontal rod, the outer end of the spring is connected with the inner end of the horizontal sliding block, and the inner end of the spring is connected with a fixing block in the middle of the horizontal rod sliding groove.
Furthermore, the height locking unit comprises a fixing clamp and a locking clamp which are connected together, the fixing clamp can be clamped into the middle of the lower horizontal rod in a matching mode and is sleeved on the periphery of the vertical supporting rod, the locking clamp is sleeved on the periphery of the vertical supporting rod in a matching mode, and the locking clamp is screwed down to enable the lower horizontal rod to be fixed with the vertical supporting rod.
Further, the device also comprises an upper level device and a lower level device which are respectively arranged on the side surfaces of the upper measuring rod/the upper horizontal rod and the lower measuring rod/the lower horizontal rod so as to adjust the horizontal state of the upper measuring rod and the lower measuring rod.
The invention also provides application of the test device for detecting the shear deformation of the bridge bearing in testing the shear angle, the height and the horizontal displacement of the bearing and evaluating the damage grade of the bearing.
Further, when the front end point of the lower measuring rod is used as a reference point, the upper horizontal distance meter measures the distance d between the upper horizontal distance meter and the reflector plate at the front end of the upper measuring rod1The lower horizontal distance meter measures the distance d between the lower horizontal distance meter and the reflector plate at the front end of the lower measuring rod2The horizontal displacement ds ═ d of the support base upper surface relative to the support base lower surface1-d2；
When the front end point of the measuring rod is used as a reference point, the horizontal displacement dx of the lower surface of the support relative to the upper surface of the support is d2-d1；
The support shear deformation angle γ is:
or
Height variation △ h-h0-h, wherein h0Denotes the height of the support before mounting, h is the effective height of the support, h ═ h' + delta1+δ2H' is the distance between the height distance meter and the reflector plate obtained by measurement of the height distance meter; when the reflector plate for height direction distance measurement is arranged on the upper measuring rod, delta1Indicating the distance, delta, of the reflector plate from the top surface of the upper measuring rod for height-wise distance measurement2And the distance from the center of the height distance measuring instrument to the bottom surface of the lower measuring rod is shown. When the reflector for height direction distance measurement is arranged on the lower measuring rod, delta1Indicating the distance, delta, of the reflector plate from the bottom surface of the lower measuring rod for height-wise distance measurement2Indicating the distance from the center of the height rangefinder to the top surface of the upper measuring rod.
The utility model provides a testing arrangement for detecting bridge beam supports shear deformation, when using, with the testing arrangement card between girder and support base stone, paste in the girder bottom surface above the measuring stick through the adjustment of interval adjusting device, paste in support base stone top surface below the lower measuring stick, paste the front end of going up the measuring stick in support one side top simultaneously, the measuring stick front end is pasted in support homonymy bottom down, it can calculate the support height to measure its vertical distance between its and the reflector plate through high distancer, measure the horizontal distance between its and the reflector plate through upper horizontal distancer and lower horizontal distancer and can calculate the horizontal displacement volume of support, can calculate shear deformation angle gamma through horizontal displacement volume and support height.
The invention has the following advantages:
(1) the invention can be used for measuring the height of the support, the horizontal displacement and the shear deformation angle gamma simultaneously, and data acquisition is carried out through the data acquisition terminal, so that the short-distance measurement and the long-distance measurement can be carried out, and the invention has various functions and convenient operation. In addition, the damage grade of the support can be further evaluated by testing the three parameters, the pressure and the horizontal force borne by the support are estimated, and the stress state of the support is evaluated.
(2) The method is applicable to the detection of the plate type rubber support of most bridges, has wide application range and wide measurement range, can be applied to the measurement of the rubber support with the height of more than 4.5cm, and has small influence on the measurement by the size of the pier cap beam and high accuracy.
(3) The invention has the advantages of simple structure, reasonable design, low use cost and convenient operation.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic front view of a testing apparatus according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a left side view of the structure of fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic front view of a supporting framework according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic front view of an upper measuring rod according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic top view of the structure of fig. 4.
Fig. 6 is a schematic front view of a lower measuring rod according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic top view of the structure of fig. 6.
FIG. 8 is a schematic top view of an upper horizontal bar in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a schematic top view of a lower horizontal rod according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 10 is a front view schematically illustrating the height locking device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of an application structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 12 is a schematic view of the use structure of embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 13 is a schematic sectional structure view of the assembly of the upper horizontal rod and the upper measuring rod.
Fig. 14 is a schematic sectional structure view of the upper measuring stick movable groove.
Fig. 15 is a schematic sectional structure view of the lower measuring stick movable groove.
The device comprises a reflector 1, an upper horizontal rod 2, an upper horizontal distance meter 3, an upper horizontal device 4, a spring 5, a horizontal sliding block 6, an upper measuring rod 7, a lower measuring rod 8, a balancing rod 9, a height locking unit 10, a fixing clamp 1001, a locking clamp 1002, a vertical supporting rod 11, a height distance meter 12, a lower horizontal device 13, a lower horizontal distance meter 14, a lower horizontal rod 15, a horizontal rod sliding groove 16, a limiting block 17, a pin shaft 18, a vertical rod sliding groove 19, a main beam 20, a sliding support 21, a support cushion stone 22, a cap beam 23, a measuring rod movable groove 24, a measuring rod baffle plate 25, a first movable groove A26, a second movable groove A27, a third movable groove A28, a first movable groove B29, a second movable groove B30 and a third movable groove B31.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples, but the scope of the invention as claimed is not limited to the following examples.
A test device for detecting shear deformation of a bridge deck, as shown in fig. 1-3, comprising: the device comprises an upper measuring rod 7, a lower measuring rod 8, an upper horizontal rod 2, a lower horizontal rod 15, a distance adjusting mechanism and a distance measuring mechanism. Wherein: the upper horizontal rod 2 is transversely arranged; a lower horizontal rod 15 which is arranged right below the upper horizontal rod 2 and is parallel to the upper horizontal rod 2; the upper measuring rod 7 is fixed on one side of the upper horizontal rod 2 or sleeved on the periphery of the upper horizontal rod 2, the front part of the upper measuring rod 7 can stretch or move left and right along the upper horizontal rod 2, if the upper measuring rod is of a telescopic structure, the upper measuring rod 7 and the upper horizontal rod 2 are fixedly connected by adopting the prior art, if the upper measuring rod is of a structure capable of moving left and right along the upper horizontal rod 2, a measuring rod movable groove 24 is arranged in the upper measuring rod 7 to accommodate the upper horizontal rod 2, so that the upper measuring rod 7 can move left and right by taking the upper horizontal rod 2 as a fixed point; the lower measuring rod 8 is fixed on one side of the lower horizontal rod 15 or sleeved on the periphery of the lower horizontal rod 15, is arranged below the upper measuring rod 7 and is parallel to the upper measuring rod 7, the front part of the lower measuring rod is telescopic or can move left and right along the lower horizontal rod 15, and the structure principle of the lower measuring rod is the same as that of the upper measuring rod 7; the distance adjusting mechanism is respectively connected with the upper horizontal rod 2 and the lower horizontal rod 15 and can adjust the vertical distance between the upper horizontal rod 2 and the lower horizontal rod 15; the distance adjusting mechanism, the upper horizontal rod 2 and the lower horizontal rod 15 form a supporting framework, the upper measuring rod 7 and the lower measuring rod 8 are supported, and meanwhile, the distance between the upper measuring rod 7 and the lower measuring rod 8 is adjusted by adjusting the distance between the upper horizontal rod 2 and the lower horizontal rod 15. The distance measuring mechanism comprises an upper horizontal distance meter 3, a lower horizontal distance meter 14, a height distance meter 12, three reflectors 1 and a data acquisition terminal, wherein the upper horizontal distance meter 3 is arranged in front of an upper horizontal rod 2, the lower horizontal distance meter 14 is arranged in front of a lower horizontal rod 13, the height distance meter 12 and the reflectors 1 are respectively arranged in the middle of the upper horizontal rod 2 and the lower horizontal rod 15 or the lower horizontal rod 15 and the upper horizontal rod 2, and in order to test the height, the height distance meter 12 is arranged right above or right below the reflectors 1, namely when the height distance meter 12 is arranged on the upper horizontal rod 2, the reflectors 1 are arranged on the lower horizontal rod 15, the height distance meter 12 is arranged right above the reflectors 1, otherwise, the reflectors are arranged right below the reflectors 1. The other two reflection sheets 1 are respectively arranged at the front parts of the upper measuring rod 7 and the lower measuring rod 8. The data acquisition terminal is connected with the upper horizontal distance meter 3, the lower horizontal distance meter 14 and the height distance meter 12 respectively so as to acquire data measured by the upper horizontal distance meter 3, the lower horizontal distance meter 14 and the height distance meter 12, and the data acquisition terminal can be a computer or a mobile phone, and the connection of the data acquisition terminal with the upper horizontal distance meter 3, the lower horizontal distance meter 14 and the height distance meter 12 is in the prior art. The height-measuring device 12 is generally fixedly connected to the upper horizontal rod 2 or the lower horizontal rod 15, or is designed to be detachably connected, and the upper horizontal distance-measuring device 3, the lower horizontal distance-measuring device 14, and the reflector plate 1 can be arranged in the same manner.
Referring to fig. 11, the sliding support 21 is installed between the main beam 20 and the support cushion 22, the support cushion 22 is located on the hat beam 23, where the sliding support 21 refers to a support that conforms to the longitudinal displacement, the transverse displacement and the longitudinal and constant rotation angles generated by the deformation of the beam body, and generally uses a rubber support. Except for the sliding support 21, the bridge is provided with a fixed support which is used for limiting and limiting the movement of the beam body. The invention is used for measuring the shear deformation of the sliding support. When the device is used, the testing device is clamped between the main beam 20 and the support cushion stone 22, the upper surface of the upper measuring rod 7 is attached to the bottom surface of the main beam 20 through the distance adjusting device, the lower surface of the lower measuring rod 8 is attached to the top surface of the support cushion stone 22, meanwhile, the front end of the upper measuring rod 7 is attached to the top end of one side of the sliding support 21, and the front end of the lower measuring rod 8 is attached to the lower measuring rod at the bottom end of the same side of the sliding support 21 through stretching the front part of the upper measuring rod 8 forwards or moving the lower measuring rod 8 forwards (the lower measuring rod 8 is moved forwards in the figure 11). The height of the support can be calculated by measuring the vertical distance between the height distance meter 12 and the reflection sheet 1, the horizontal displacement of the sliding support 21 can be calculated by measuring the horizontal distance between the height distance meter and the reflection sheet 1 by the upper horizontal distance meter 3 and the lower horizontal distance meter 14, and the shear deformation angle gamma can be calculated by the horizontal displacement and the height of the support. The specific calculation method is as follows:
for the distance measurement in the horizontal direction, the specific method is as follows: in connection with the arrangement shown in fig. 1, the upper horizontal distance meter 3 is located directly above the lower horizontal distance meter 14, the distance between the two reflectors 1 and the front end of the measuring rod on which they are located is the same, which is not adjustable, and the height distance meter 12 is located directly below the reflectors 1. The method of performing the calculation in this way is: a. height of the support, for example, the height distance meter 12 is arranged in the middle of the lower horizontal rod 15, the height distance meter 12 and the reflector plate 1 for measuring distance in the height direction are used for measuring the height of the support, the distance between the height distance meter 12 and the reflector plate 1 is h', and meanwhile, the environmental temperature (for selecting the shear elastic modulus Ge of the support) is tested, the distance between the reflector plate 1 for measuring distance in the height direction and the top surface of the upper measuring rod 7 is a fixed value known during installation, and delta is used1Indicating that the distance from the center of the height gauge 12 to the bottom surface of the lower measuring rod 8 is also a fixed value known at the time of installation, in δ2The effective height of the support is h ═ h' + delta1+δ2(I) (ii) a b.c: when the front end point of the lower measuring rod is used as a reference point, the upper horizontal distance meter 3 measures the distance d between the upper horizontal distance meter 3 and the reflector 1 at the front end of the upper measuring rod 71The lower horizontal distance meter 14 measures the distance d between the lower horizontal distance meter 14 and the reflection sheet 1 at the front end of the lower measurement bar 82The horizontal displacement ds ═ d of the upper surface of the support relative to the lower surface of the support1-d2(II); conversely, when the front end point of the measuring rod 7 is used as a reference point, the horizontal displacement dx of the lower surface of the support relative to the upper surface of the support is d2-d1(III); c. shear deformation angle γ: measured shear deformation
Or
Height variation △ h-h0H (VI), wherein h0Indicating the height of the support before mountingThe above calculation method is applied to the following 2 specific embodiments.
Based on the test result, the invention can also apply the test device to the evaluation of the support disease grade, which specifically comprises the following steps:
the expression for the seat pressure N is:
the expression for the horizontal force T is:
the support compression upper limit delta expression is as follows:
and the corrected value of the horizontal displacement temperature difference of the support is △ L which is α. △ T.L.
△ h is the height difference (support change value, i.e. support compression) before and after the support is stressed, d is the horizontal deflection difference value of the upper end and the lower end of the support, i.e. dx or ds obtained by calculation according to formula (IV) or (V), or when the bridge has a longitudinal slope, the corrected dx is calculated by referring to the method of the following embodiment 21Or ds1△ h is compared with delta to evaluate whether the seat compression has exceeded an upper limit value, EeCalculating the compression elastic modulus of the rubber support according to relevant parameters of the support model; ebIs the volume elastic modulus of the support rubber body; a. thegIs the effective bearing area of the rubber support; rckThe standard value of the support pressure is obtained according to the support model; t is teThe total thickness of the support rubber layer is selected according to the support model; geThe support shear bending modulus is related to the environment temperature during detection, such as 1.0MPa at normal temperature and 1.2MPa at 0-minus 10 ℃, △ T is temperature difference (difference between the environment temperature and 25 ℃ during the test), L is the distance between the test support and the fixed support of the bridge, and α is the linear expansion coefficient of the reinforced concrete.
The combination mode of the horizontal distance measurement can be properly changed, and the technical personnel can change the modes which meet the requirements of measuring the shearing angle of the support, the height of the support and the horizontal displacement of the support based on the mode.
Further, the embodiment provides an interval adjustment mechanism, interval adjustment mechanism includes vertical supporting rod 11 and height locking unit, the upper end and the last horizontal pole 2 of vertical supporting rod 11 are connected, height locking unit is connected with lower horizontal pole 15, height locking unit can reciprocate along vertical supporting rod 11 and can be fixed with vertical supporting rod 11, thereby make lower horizontal pole 15 can reciprocate along vertical supporting rod 11, the interval between adjustment and the last horizontal pole 2, it can to fix lower horizontal pole 15 through height locking unit when adjusting to suitable interval, generally height locking unit is connected with the middle part of lower horizontal pole 15, vertical supporting rod 11 also is connected with the middle part of last horizontal pole 2. The height locking unit is generally of a hollow cylindrical or columnar structure, and the diameter of the through hole in the middle is matched with the outer diameter of the vertical supporting rod 11, so that the height locking unit can be sleeved on the periphery of the vertical supporting rod 11 and can move up and down along the vertical supporting rod 11. As shown in fig. 10, the present embodiment further provides a preferred structure of the height locking unit 10, which includes a locking clamp 1002, the locking clamp 1002 is configured like a pipe clamp, and tightening of a bolt causes the locking clamp 1002 to be reduced in inner diameter, so that the lower horizontal rod 15 is locked. The embodiment further provides a preferable connection structure of the height locking unit and the lower horizontal rod 15, a fixing clip 1001 is further fixed on the locking clip 1002, the fixing clip 1001 can be clamped into the middle of the lower horizontal rod 15 in a matching manner, as shown in fig. 5, the fixing clip 1001 comprises inserting plates which are transversely arranged on two sides, a transverse slot is formed in the middle of the lower horizontal rod 15, the inserting plates can be inserted into the slot in a matching manner, so that the height locking unit and the lower horizontal rod 15 are connected together, and similarly, a through hole is formed in the middle of the fixing clip 1001 to be sleeved on the periphery of the vertical supporting rod 11.
Furthermore, in order to better maintain the stability of the overall structure of the supporting framework and to make the upper horizontal rod 2 and the lower horizontal rod 15 parallel, as shown in fig. 8 and 9, the distance adjusting mechanism further includes a balance rod 9 and a horizontal slider 6, two balance rods 9 are provided, which are respectively disposed on two sides of the vertical supporting rod 11 and are connected by a pin 18 to form a cross shape, the pin 18 can move up and down along the vertical supporting rod 11, the cross shape is a cross shape seen from the schematic view of the main structure, but the two balance rods 9 are not directly connected together, and only one balance rod 9 is disposed on one side of the balance rod 9, so as to prevent the signal sent to the reflector plate 1 by the height distance meter from being shielded by the balance rod 9. In the embodiment, a vertical rod sliding groove 19 is formed in the vertical supporting rod 11 to accommodate the movement of the pin shaft 18, so that the pin shaft 18 is ensured to move vertically and two balancing rods move synchronously; the upper end and the lower end of the balancing rod 9 are both connected with horizontal sliding blocks 6, and horizontal rod sliding grooves 16 are arranged on the two side faces of the upper horizontal rod 2 and the lower horizontal rod 15 to accommodate the movement of the horizontal sliding blocks 6. The triangular support structure can enable the support framework to be more stable as a whole. Furthermore, the horizontal rod sliding groove 16 is provided with a limiting block 17 at two outer sides of the horizontal sliding block 6 to control the moving range of the horizontal sliding block 6.
Furthermore, for better movement of the lower horizontal rod 15, a spring 5 is arranged in the horizontal rod sliding groove 16 of the upper horizontal rod 2, the outer end of the spring 5 is connected with the inner end of the horizontal sliding block 6, the number of the springs can be 2, the inner ends of the springs are respectively connected with a fixed block in the middle of the horizontal rod sliding groove 16 for fixation, and a through hole is formed in the middle of the limiting block 17 for accommodating the spring 5 to pass through at the position provided with the limiting block 17.
Further, in order to maintain the horizontal direction of the upper measuring rod 7 and the lower measuring rod 8, the present embodiment further includes an upper level device 4 and a lower level device 13, which are respectively disposed on the side surfaces of the upper measuring rod 7/the upper horizontal rod 2 and the lower measuring rod 8/the lower horizontal rod 15, so as to adjust the horizontal state of the upper measuring rod 7 and the lower measuring rod 8, thereby ensuring reliable height measurement data, and the level devices are in the prior art.
As shown in fig. 4-7, the front ends of the upper measuring rod 7 and the lower measuring rod 8 are made into two arc shapes to meet the requirement of measuring the shear deformation inclination angle of the support. This embodiment still specifically provides a preferred concrete structure of last measuring stick 7 and measuring stick movable groove 24 in the measuring stick 8 down, be provided with vertical measuring stick movable groove 24 in going up measuring stick 7 and the measuring stick 8 down, make and go up horizon bar 2 and lower horizon bar 15 and can insert respectively in measuring stick 7 and the measuring stick 8 down, and support the skeleton and can remove about along measuring stick movable groove 24, 24 front ends of measuring stick movable groove seal or be provided with measuring stick baffle 25 and support the scope that the skeleton activity moved forward with the restriction, the rear end of measuring stick is provided with the measuring stick baffle, with the scope of restriction support skeleton rearward movement, and simultaneously, when this structure setting can be convenient for use, go up horizon bar 2 and lower horizon bar 15 and insert measuring stick lower rod from upper boom 7 and lower measuring stick 8 rear end respectively. For making the displacement to the both sides direction of difficult emergence of upper horizontal pole 2 removal in upper measuring stick 7, the measuring stick movable groove of upper measuring stick 7 divide into the three-section from top to bottom, as dotted line and fig. 13 in fig. 3, 14 show, the upper segment is for being provided with first movable groove A26 respectively in measuring stick movable groove both sides, it is corresponding, the top surface both sides matching of upper horizontal pole 2 are provided with the upper horizontal pole cutting slips that upwards is outstanding, the middle section is second movable groove A27, can match the main part of inserting upper horizontal pole 2, the hypomere is third movable groove A28, the width is less than second movable groove A27, can match and insert vertical support rod 11. Similarly, in order to make the lower horizontal rod 15 not easily move in the lower measuring rod 8 and displace towards two sides, the measuring rod movable groove of the lower measuring rod 8 is also divided into three sections from top to bottom, as shown by the dotted line in fig. 3 and fig. 15, the upper section is a first movable groove B29 capable of being inserted into the vertical supporting rod 11 in a matching manner, the middle section is a second movable groove B30 capable of being inserted into the main body of the lower horizontal rod 15 in a matching manner, the lower section is provided with third movable grooves B31 respectively at two sides of the measuring rod movable groove, correspondingly, two sides of the bottom surface of the lower horizontal rod 1 are provided with downward protruding lower horizontal rod insertion strips in a matching manner, the third movable groove B bears the movement of the lower horizontal rod 15, and in addition, the middle part of the lower section is further provided with a socket.
In combination with the size of the support, the preferred size of some important parts is provided in the embodiment, and the test range of the test device is described in combination with the size, the length of each of the upper measuring rod 7 and the lower measuring rod 8 is 53-60 cm, the horizontal displacement difference value formed by the upper measuring rod 7 and the lower measuring rod 8 is 0-20 cm, and the maximum horizontal shear deformation of the support can be measured to be 20 cm. The total height H of the supporting framework is 20-25 cm, the length L1 of a movable groove of the measuring rod is 8-10 cm, the length L2 of a single horizontal rod sliding groove 16 is 6-8 cm, the lengths of the upper horizontal rod 2 and the lower horizontal rod 15 are both 30cm, the upper horizontal rod 2 and the lower horizontal rod 15 are both groove-shaped components processed by aluminum alloy light materials, the vertical supporting rod 11 is a hollow rectangular aluminum alloy light material with a sliding groove, the distance between the upper horizontal rod 2 and the lower horizontal rod 15 is 4.2-16 cm, and the actually measured support height range is 4.5-16.3 cm.
The estimation procedure is described below with reference to two embodiments:
example 1:
referring to fig. 11, the testing device is used in inspection work of a 3 × 30 m simply supported and then continuous box girder bridge plate type rubber support of a black bean river bridge, and the support is a GYZ400 × 84 plate type rubber support. The distance between the test support and the fixed support is 30 meters, and the top of the support shifts towards the direction of the large pile number.
S1, setting parameters: opening a computer, setting support shear deformation testing software, setting a bridge name and the number of a support to be checked by a built-in calculation method (calculating according to formulas (I), (II)/(III) and (IV)/(V)) for measuring the height, the horizontal displacement and the shear deformation angle gamma of the support, setting a reference point according to the inclination direction of the support, taking the front end of the measuring rod in the embodiment as the reference point, and selecting the item in the software; the model of the input support, and the contact mode of the input support and the beam (the direct contact mode of the common rubber support and the concrete is 1, and the contact mode of the common rubber support and the steel plate is 2). The bridge of the example is named as a black bean river bridge, the support is the No. 2 bridge of No. 1 pier No. 2 from left to right in the crossing direction, the number of the support can be written as No. 1D 2, D represents a large pile number direction support, and the small pile number direction can be marked by X; the model of the support is input GYZ400x84, and the support is contacted with a steel plate, and the mode 2 is selected.
S2, the total height of the testing device is 23cm, and the clear distance between the front end points of the upper measuring rod 7 and the lower measuring rod 8 and the outer edge of the vertical supporting rod 11 is 24 cm. When the height and the distance do not meet the requirements, the net distance between the front end of the measuring rod and the outer edge of the vertical supporting rod 11 can be increased by adjusting the front end position of the upper measuring rod 7. In the embodiment, the total effective height of the sliding support 21 and the support cushion 22 is 26.2cm, and the clearance meets the requirement of a testing device. And (3) turning on a power switch of the distance measuring instrument, and selecting and searching the distance measuring instrument on the computer to ensure that 2 horizontal distance measuring instruments and 1 height distance measuring instrument 12 can be found and connected.
The front end of the upper measuring rod 7 is propped against the top end of one side of the sliding support 21, the lower horizontal rod 15 is adjusted to enable the bottom of the lower measuring rod 8 to be at the same height as the bottom of the sliding support 21, meanwhile, the position of the lower measuring rod 8 is adjusted to enable the front end of the lower measuring rod 8 to be propped against the bottom end of the sliding support 21 on the same side, meanwhile, a level is observed, and the angle is adjusted to enable the testing device to be in a horizontal state.
S3, starting the upper horizontal distance meter 3, the lower horizontal distance meter 14 and the height distance meter 12, and running test software, wherein test results are shown in a table 1:
TABLE 1 Black bean river bridge support test result table
Through temperature correction, the detection data of each time are converted to a normal temperature state, namely unified 25 ℃, then data comparison is carried out, the change conditions of stress and deformation of the support can be analyzed and evaluated, a function degradation comparison curve can be drawn through the detection data of many years, and the function degradation condition of the support can be evaluated and predicted.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 12, the testing device is used in the inspection work of the plate type rubber support of a 3 × 30 m Longji pond bridge simply supported and then continuous T-beam bridge, and the support adopts a GYZ450 × 99 plate type rubber support. The distance between the test support and the fixed support is 30 meters, and the top of the support shifts towards the direction of the large pile number.
S1, setting parameters: opening a computer, setting support shear deformation testing software, setting a bridge name and the number of a support to be checked by a built-in calculation method for measuring the height, the horizontal displacement and the shear deformation angle gamma of the support (according to formulas (I), (II)/(III) and (IV)/(V)), setting a reference point according to the inclination direction of the support, taking the front end of the measuring rod in the embodiment as the reference point, and selecting the item in the software. The bridge of the embodiment is named as a gold-tunnel bridge, the support is the No. 2 bridge with No. 2 piers and No. 3 piers spanning from left to right, the number of the support can be written as No. 2D 2, D represents the support in the direction of a large pile number, and the direction of a small pile number can be marked by X; the model of the support is input GYZ450x99, and the support is contacted with a steel plate, and the mode 2 is selected.
S2, the total height of the testing device is 23cm, and the clear distance between the front end points of the upper measuring rod 7 and the lower measuring rod 8 and the outer edge of the vertical supporting rod 11 is 24 cm. When the height and the distance do not meet the requirements, the net distance between the front end of the measuring rod and the outer edge of the vertical supporting rod 11 can be increased by adjusting the front end position of the upper measuring rod 7. In the embodiment, the total effective height of the sliding support 21 and the support cushion 22 is 30.1cm, and the clearance meets the requirement of a testing device. The bridge has a longitudinal slope, the bottom of the bridge has 1% of slope, the upper surface of the upper measuring rod can not be tightly attached to the bottom surface of the main beam 20, the distance between the upper horizontal rod and the lower horizontal rod can be properly reduced under the condition that the device is ensured to be in a horizontal state, and if the upper end of the device is moved to the point A. And (3) turning on a power switch of the distance measuring instrument, and selecting and searching the distance measuring instrument on the computer to ensure that 2 horizontal distance measuring instruments and 1 height distance measuring instrument 12 can be found and connected.
The front end of the upper measuring rod 7 is propped against the top end of one side of the sliding support 21, the lower horizontal rod 15 is adjusted to enable the bottom of the lower measuring rod 8 to be at the same height as the bottom of the sliding support 21, meanwhile, the position of the lower measuring rod 8 is adjusted to enable the front end of the lower measuring rod 8 to be propped against the bottom end of the sliding support 21 on the same side, meanwhile, a level is observed, and the angle is adjusted to enable the testing device to be in a horizontal state.
Firstly, measuring the distance h from the upper end of the support to the lower end plane by a steel tape1And then inputting the height parameter of the support in the tablet personal computer, and checking, wherein the specific calculation process after checking is as follows: first, h, dx/ds, γ were calculated by the method of example 1, and then h was used1Correcting the horizontal displacement to be dx1Or ds1The calculation formula is h1Tan gamma, i.e. the final output shear deformation angle gamma is measured by the device, and the final output support height is measured by the steel tape h1The final output horizontal displacement adopts the corrected horizontal displacement dx1Or ds1。
When the environment temperature is not 25 ℃, the horizontal displacement of the support needs to be corrected by adopting the support horizontal displacement temperature difference correction value, the support shear angle and the support horizontal force are corrected according to the support horizontal displacement after the temperature difference correction, and the support shear angle and the support horizontal force after the temperature difference correction are output.
S3, starting the upper horizontal distance meter 3, the lower horizontal distance meter 14 and the height distance meter 12, and running test software, wherein test results are shown in a table 2:
table 2 Longji pond bridge support testing result table
Through temperature correction, the detection data of each time are converted to a normal temperature state, namely unified 25 ℃, then data comparison is carried out, the change conditions of stress and deformation of the support can be analyzed and evaluated, a function degradation comparison curve can be drawn through the detection data of many years, and the function degradation condition of the support can be evaluated and predicted.
Claims (10)
1. A testing arrangement for detecting bridge beam supports shear deformation, characterized by, includes:
an upper horizontal bar;
the lower horizontal rod is arranged right below the upper horizontal rod and is parallel to the upper horizontal rod;
the distance adjusting mechanism is respectively connected with the upper horizontal rod and the lower horizontal rod and can adjust the vertical distance between the upper horizontal rod and the lower horizontal rod;
the upper measuring rod is arranged on one side of the upper horizontal rod or sleeved on the periphery of the upper horizontal rod, and the front part of the upper measuring rod can stretch or move left and right along the upper horizontal rod;
the lower measuring rod is arranged on one side of the lower horizontal rod or sleeved on the periphery of the lower horizontal rod, is arranged below the upper measuring rod and is parallel to the upper measuring rod, and the front part of the lower measuring rod can stretch or move left and right along the lower horizontal rod;
the distance measuring mechanism comprises an upper horizontal distance measuring instrument, a lower horizontal distance measuring instrument, a height distance measuring instrument, three reflectors and a data acquisition terminal, wherein the upper horizontal distance measuring instrument is arranged at the front part of an upper horizontal rod, the lower horizontal distance measuring instrument is arranged at the front part of a lower horizontal rod, the height distance measuring instrument and one of the reflectors are respectively arranged in the middle parts of the upper horizontal rod and the lower horizontal rod or the lower horizontal rod and the upper horizontal rod, the height distance measuring instrument is positioned right above or right below the reflectors, and the other two reflectors are respectively arranged at the front parts of the upper measuring rod and the lower measuring rod; and the data acquisition terminal is respectively connected with the upper horizontal distance meter, the lower horizontal distance meter and the height distance meter.
2. The testing device for detecting shear deformation of a bridge deck according to claim 1,
the upper horizontal distance meter is positioned right above the lower horizontal distance meter;
the distance between the reflector plate arranged on the upper measuring rod and the front end point of the upper measuring rod is equal to the distance between the reflector plate arranged on the lower measuring rod and the front end point of the lower measuring rod.
3. The testing device for detecting shear deformation of a bridge deck according to claim 2,
the height distance meter is integrated with a temperature sensing device.
4. The testing device for detecting shear deformation of a bridge deck according to claim 2,
the interval adjusting mechanism comprises a vertical supporting rod and a height locking unit, the upper end of the vertical supporting rod is connected with the upper horizontal rod, the height locking unit is connected with the lower horizontal rod, and the height locking unit can move up and down along the vertical supporting rod and can be fixed with the vertical supporting rod.
5. The testing device for detecting shear deformation of a bridge deck according to claim 4,
the distance adjusting mechanism further comprises a balance rod and a horizontal sliding block; the number of the balance rods is two, the balance rods are connected in a cross mode through pin shafts, and the pin shafts can move up and down along the vertical supporting rods; the upper end and the lower end of the balancing rod are both connected with horizontal sliding blocks, and the upper horizontal rod and the lower horizontal rod are both provided with horizontal rod sliding grooves for accommodating the horizontal sliding blocks to move; and limiting blocks are arranged at the positions of the two outer sides of the horizontal sliding block in the horizontal rod sliding groove.
6. The testing device for detecting shear deformation of a bridge deck according to claim 5,
and a spring is arranged in the horizontal rod sliding groove of the upper horizontal rod, the outer end of the spring is connected with the inner end of the horizontal sliding block, and the inner end of the spring is connected with the fixed block in the middle of the horizontal rod sliding groove.
7. The testing device for detecting shear deformation of a bridge deck according to claim 4,
the height locking unit comprises a fixing clamp and a locking clamp which are connected together, the fixing clamp can be clamped into the middle of the lower horizontal rod in a matching mode and is sleeved on the periphery of the vertical supporting rod, the locking clamp is sleeved on the periphery of the vertical supporting rod in a matching mode, and the locking clamp is screwed down to enable the lower horizontal rod to be fixed with the vertical supporting rod.
8. The testing device for detecting shear deformation of a bridge deck according to claim 2,
the device also comprises an upper level device and a lower level device which are respectively arranged on the side surfaces of the upper measuring rod/the upper level rod and the lower measuring rod/the lower level rod so as to adjust the horizontal state of the upper measuring rod and the lower measuring rod.
9. The use of the test device for detecting the shear deformation of a bridge bearing according to any one of claims 2 to 8 for testing the shear angle of the bearing, the height of the bearing, the horizontal displacement of the bearing and evaluating the damage grade of the bearing.
10. Use according to claim 9, characterized in that:
when the front end point of the lower measuring rod is used as a reference point, the upper horizontal distance meter measures the distance d between the upper horizontal distance meter and a reflector plate at the front end of the upper measuring rod1The lower horizontal distance meter measures the distance d between the lower horizontal distance meter and the reflector plate at the front end of the lower measuring rod2The horizontal displacement ds ═ d of the support base upper surface relative to the support base lower surface1-d2；
Front end of the above measuring rodWhen the point is taken as a reference point, the horizontal displacement dx of the lower surface of the support relative to the upper surface of the support is d2-d1；
The support shear deformation angle γ is:
or
Height variation △ h-h0-h, wherein h0Denotes the height of the support before mounting, h is the effective height of the support, h ═ h' + delta1+δ2H' is the distance between the height distance meter and the reflector plate obtained by measurement of the height distance meter; when the reflector plate for height direction distance measurement is arranged on the upper measuring rod, delta1Indicating the distance, delta, of the reflector plate from the top surface of the upper measuring rod for height-wise distance measurement2The distance from the center of the height distance measuring instrument to the bottom surface of the lower measuring rod is represented; when the reflector for height direction distance measurement is arranged on the lower measuring rod, delta1Indicating the distance, delta, of the reflector plate from the bottom surface of the lower measuring rod for height-wise distance measurement2Indicating the distance from the center of the height rangefinder to the top surface of the upper measuring rod.
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