CN1259278A

CN1259278A - Artificial ecological aquatic animals nest

Info

Publication number: CN1259278A
Application number: CN00101207A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 林恒祥
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2000-01-04
Filing date: 2000-01-04
Publication date: 2000-07-12

Abstract

The present invention relates to an artificial ecological aquatic animal nest and the technology and equipment for artificial breeding of aquatic animals. It can enbance the survival rate and conversion rate of bait.

Description

Artificial ecological aquatic animals nest

The present invention manually makes ecological aquatic animals nest (hereinafter to be referred as Shui nationality nest), is particularly suitable for the utilization of aquatic organism aquaculture.Relate to artificial cultivating method, artificial fish nest (artificial fish shelter) field.

At present, China's culture fishery science and technology development speed is very fast, and the laboratory has reached every cubic meter water body and contained fish amount and produce level more than 250 kilograms per year.But,, also can not reach this level by the many-sided reason of work with regard to China's present situation.The occupancy volume per person compared with developed countries, few is quite pitiful.But on existing basis, dig clumsy scientific and technical potential, improve the breakthrough existing level and can realize.(comprise the industry intensification) in current many aquaculture of work pattern, remove several necessary growth factor conditions and be used in service (as strengthening oxygenation, the throwing erbium, the water body exchange, diseases prevention, control light, temperature control etc.) in addition, be not provided with substantially also that all kinds of aquatic animals nests such as artificial fish nest are suitable for.

Propagating aquatic organism (fish, shrimp, crab, soft-shelled turtle, the frog, salamander, shellfish spiral shell etc.) artificially, especially in the intensive culture, effectively fish loading amount (every cubic meter water fish ratio) is higher than occurring in nature water far away in its water body, fish is made a gesture of measuring.Its density is very big, can be compared to be the human lives at " concentrate tube ", and for example wave of refugees or prison formula gather together, living condition can not get improving and is free, and can't live normally and survive.Utilize the modern technologies intensive culture, certain benefits (omission) is arranged, but its certain imperfection is arranged.Because aquatic organism has broken away from the natural world ecological space, by artificial mandatory concentrating in the specific body of water space, its very high density, space length is very little between the individuality.Owing to strive the bait material, and collision mutually, crowded, friction, fight, breath manor and the how unfavorable growth factor coexistence of work are abandoned in phase mutual interference, contention, aquatile is in for a long time survives under the tense situation condition, are to restrict the good development growth key factor of aquatile.Though this also can survive and grow, and obtain benefit.Under this state, the economic benefit that obtains certainly will exchange its " drop " with the cost of high investment for and produce effects.

The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of energy-efficient and low-cost to the coastal and landlocked culture fishery of China, simple and efficient, just give the high-efficient ecological cultivation method of universal high yield, stable yields, in all kinds of various aquatic products aquiculture environment and in the aquaculture model, artificial ecology Shui nationality nest is set as the case may be.

Provide one to guarantee useful and harmless environmental good environment for the breed aquatic organism---artificial aquatic organism nest, aquatic organism can the basic living environment of simulating nature circle artificial make in the ecotope, by all kinds of Shui nationality nests of artificial manufacturing, in culturing, artificial all kinds of reinforcements provide a useful and harmless ecology for aquatic organism, safe ecologic adaptation sense, basically make the aquatic organism can be as relaxed occurring in nature, quiet, safety, the untrammeled breath of not giving birth to and bringing up, minimizing accuses each other, fight, friction, disturb, so as to reducing transmission, make aquatic organism can find the sheltered situation that is fit to oneself, used in order to defence, also there is the manor of living of oneself while.The aquatic organism growth of surviving under this useful ecological effect to energy savings, improves the bait conversion ratio, and is very favourable beyond doubt.Caing be compared to the mankind, to concentrate on urban life the same, if there is not individuality (every family) the little space of living, just can't hangs up one's hat at all and survive.If (whole urban populations are concentrated or are fastened on square bustling with activity shop, restaurant, hotel or other place of public amusement for a long time, although need not to pay work or work, need not to spend just can obtain article and food, and can not get own due activity space, probably also can't stand the environment of this " good " for a long time, saying nothing of is to concentrate refugee Guan Liao.So people use own intelligence and wisdom, create oneself life junior unit and abundant material enjoyment and live happy life).Aquatile also is the same, should enjoy the human material progress that brings up and ensure good life condition, because the human needs exchanges abundant remuneration on one's body for from them.Therefore, by inventor's long-term observation, comparison, a large amount of experiment contrast analysis, how to strengthen and adapt to the useful ecotope of all kinds of aquatiles, in propagating environment artificially, remove the life condition (water quality up to standard that must guarantee aquatic organism necessity, the bait of high-quality etc.), also must select optimized aquaculture model and method in addition.At each aquatic organism at natural various growths, reproduction, ecological habit and growth, life condition etc., find out the ecological habit that this kind aquatile adapts to most, analysis of science, comparison, possesses the multiple ecological factor of aquatile to adapt under artificial (by its intensification, industrialization) cultivating condition, clumsy strong the growth is by human living needs is provided more wealth.Shui nationality nest is to adapt to one of multiple ecological factor that aquatile possessed under the artificial-strengthening cultivating condition, must obtain the importance of housing condition just as the mankind.Development and use Shui nationality nest are to solve one of current culture fishery key subjects.To solve in aquatic products (Shui nationality) aquaculture by the puzzlement a great problem.

The present invention is realized by following technical scheme: contain in the aquatile water body propagating artificially with unartificial breeding water body, (various aquatic organism size differences are very big according to what of water body size or moisture biomass, according to all kinds of bodily form type shapes, specification, the manufacturing Reasonable Shape) field conditions, shape, various row's location of water injection, aerator position etc.Specifically put waterborne or under water.Supply water to give birth to biological hidden, hide oneself used.(specifically the details of each shape and using method is stated in addition, not in this explanation)

The technology of the present invention is characterised in that: reported in the industrialization intensive culture industry in the past.Indivedual intensive cultures such as the pond is half congealed, (" high yield is supported the crab technology ", Golden Shield publishing house), things concealed is set also only with hacking head tile in the pond, things such as tree root net sheet are provided with the big water surface (as ocean, natural pond etc. recklessly), have and do " artificial fish shelter " (Dandong aquatic products report), and these original methods, the science productive potential are little, are difficult for promoting, and never adopted on the shrimp farming, Practical significance and economic benefit are not remarkable.And Shui nationality nest has following advantage to be: 1. need not to use any energy, is not energy-consuming product; 2. the compliance with environmental protection requirements harmless and healthy is cultured, and is safe and reliable; 3. once drop into permanent the use, do not damage substantially; 4. use the place extensive, workshopizations such as bay, lakes and marhshes, rivers, reservoir, dyke, channel, swag, pond are half congealed, rice field, intensify, hatch, grow seedlings, breed, the Shui nationality are strong, restaurant, restaurant etc. propagate unartificial breed place artificially and all can use; 5. be applicable to most aquatiles, the aquatile of economic worth is especially arranged, as various shrimps (seawater shrimps, fresh water shrimp, lobster etc.).Various crab classes (river crab, sea crab etc.).Terrapin etc., shellfish (as abalone, mud snail etc.), (software aquatic organism such as sea cucumber etc.), amphibious aquatic animal (as batrachia giant salamander etc.); 6. material source wide (as metal, plastics, organic chemistry, glass, cement, pottery, native pottery, timber, lacquerware, rubber and other synthetic material etc., (above material all requires to be as the criterion with material standard with food industry); 7. specification polytropy, all kinds of aquatic organisms have different reproductions, procreation place and just as different habit of growth, and the bodily form, weight size also have polytropy, therefore, arbitrarily take for producer and adopter (user), and interchangeability, shared property are all stronger.8. popularization is strong, and the technology easy to perform all has nothing to do apart from the levels of culture industrial grade; 9. prospect is extensively drawn together, and the current national conditions of the suitableeest China have the very big market.

With regard to Shui nationality nest, in large application aquatile aquaculture, be further elaborated below: it is shrimp, crab class that the present invention uses the optimum aquatile.Next is eel, soft-shelled turtle, tortoise etc., and four large Chinese carps are not obvious.Occurring in nature crab class (particularly river crab) is except that young crab or the season of migrating, be job with burrow cave substantially all one's life.But it is most to trust to chance and strokes of luck to lead machine predation small fish and shrimp or other food.Though uncomfortable the burrowing of shrimps lived in caves, confirm that by experiment various shrimps are very easily sought the place, slit of dark corner and pasture and water, rubble, stone and hiddenly waited for an opportunity predation.After artificial intensive is cultured, broken away from the ecotope of occurring in nature fully, the water body carrying capacity is big, but individual space is little.People also seek the whole bag of tricks, the aquatic organism of attempting to propagate artificially (shrimp crab class) is with hidden occasion, but be blindage how with things such as brick, tile fragment, tree root, net sheets, these artificial facility things, though can play part " emergencing action ", as fight, attack, in the growth decortication etc. as blindage, yet these emergent thing blindages are not all can arrange everywhere, many assorted no chapters of groove, lacked and not enough, with regard to aquatile, be not desirable hideaway, but this weaker player, emergent and use is arranged.Can only squat in the waiting room or on the square such as the visitor of a no money, and can't enjoy the treatment of star hotel.What is more, accuses each other, fights, sells greatly for fighting for the fritter space breath manor of dwelling, and contends for sth. fiercely, and neighbours leave no peace.Very so-called city gate catches fire and reflects and the fishpond.After aquatic animals nest manually is set, can slow down above-mentioned phenomenon greatly, make the Shui nationality respectively occupy a cave, respectively hold one's own " cozy nest ", and leisurely and carefree contented, quite long soon.And can significantly improve weak body survival rate and bait conversion ratio, be that another shortcut is opened up in the breed of the desirable intensification of Modern Fishery (famous-particular-excellent product in the culture fishery) stereo ecological health.No matter state-run unit, company of collective, individual aquatic farm self-employed worker can these quote.Inventor's original idea emphasis is at coastal shrimp culture industry predicament, paddy field aquaculture industry reset condition, cage culture technology imperfection, and the soft-shelled turtle eel etc. carnivorous aquatile the weak are the prey of the strong, kill each other and living in seclusion property and design one of project of considering.

Specific implementation method: the crab nest, shrimp nest, plain silk fabrics fish nest can be by food packaging industry non-toxic plastic or other metal material and other synthetic materials; Transform a little and get final product as (beverage industries, mineral water Packaging Bottle etc.) mould, production clear tubular crab nest, shrimp nest etc., also available industry is produced engineering plastics pipe and made, and is very with practical value, and not fragile, once drop into for many years and use, but cost is high slightly.Transparent wrapper bottle Shui nationality nest, because of in light weight, the intensity height, it is low to be better than the plastic tube cost in the manufacturing, can save material.Following water becomes opaque body after using after according with biological mould, could formally play a role, make aquatic organism that the latent sense of security of keeping away be arranged, shape: crab nest: (pipe hole shape can be more short and thick, 10 centimetres of general Φ, long 20-30 centimetre, but two is opening all), arrange nearly water place, many water inlets go out that the water surface is breathed or live (general seven a bundles) tie together on little the dew and for crab under water down, also can singlely put, be used in combination multi-functional mozzle (Patent project before me).Fix with waddy, timber.Shrimp nest caliber can be more carefully, short, general about 5 centimetres of the Φ that adopt, long 10-20 centimetre gets final product, is fixed on water at the middle and upper levels with timber, the water surface is below 10 centimetres, and (shrimps are generally all being selected between exuvial period around eminence observes according to observations, confirm that sweeping environment after the safety peels.More clear because of nearly water surface higher position water quality transparency, help observing the enemy's situation, be immune against attacks.Another factor is that nearly water surface place water body oxygen content is higher, and because of firmly shaking off the very big muscle power of consumption, the hyperoxia district is favourable recovers to strengthen muscle power ahead of time during decortication, favourablely does sth. in advance new skin calcification capacity.In case strengthen the ability of runing away when under attack.This some prawn crab class must be exempted to kill each other, and it is very favourable improving survival rate).Eel, swamp eel class are more shallow because of water body, and general water exchange capacity is bigger, and eel is again demersal fishes, and the fish nest can be more elongated, about 5 centimetres of general Φ, and long 30-50 centimetre, the bundled or single pond body of putting is washed by water by the nearly water body oxygenation in four limits and is distinguished.(do not influence water body and flow and to be advisable, can be better) in conjunction with high-efficiency multi-function mozzle result of use.Terrapin because of using pulmonary respiration, is therefore designed different.Need not go out the water surface with this type of and can exhale and change to fresh air, be these type of aquatic animals nest characteristics, must be used in combination in conjunction with multi-functional mozzle.Its type shape side of being mould assembly, box, in conjunction with ellipse garden type etc., by bottom qi of chong channel ascending adversely pipe (compressed air or oxygen) air feed, make portion gas be kept at the nest upper cover part, testudinate, frog salamander etc. are sitting in oneself the cozy nest do not go out the water surface, just can take a breath.Thereby undesirable elements such as the scaring interference that minimizing could be taken a breath because of surfacing, fight, and undue consuming one's strength.Favourable bait transforms and healthy growth (this testudinate nest details wouldn't disclose, can to inventor's request information).

Claims

1, this case invention " artificial ecology Shui nationality nest " is hereinafter to be referred as " Shui nationality nest ".The ecology cozy nest that lives is provided for aquatic products (Shui nationality) aquaculture, cultures for intensification industrialization aquatic products (Shui nationality) and form stereo ecological type aquaculture model and method.The occurring in nature aquatic organism is the procreation of living in " full ecological environment ", and it is very big that individual aquatic organism all accounts for the water body space, and most aquatic organisms all have the custom of hiding.The high-density breeding environment change, the effective carrying capacity in water body space increases, and makes aquatic organism individual distance space very little.Although oxygenation water body exchange manually is provided and strengthens supremacy clause such as bait throwing in, because individual space is minimum, and cause many unfavorable factors such as phase mutual interference to exist, aquatic organism is in for a long time survives in the tense situation, be totally unfavorable.Past people was once utilized brick, tile fragment, tree root, net sheet etc., and DeGrain, artificial fish shelter also can only be used for rivers and lakes, big water body ocean etc., can only do latent keep away thing, DeGrain.

Feature of the present invention is: in propagating environment artificially, bring up the ecotope of a reinforcement, the appearance of the artificial Shui nationality (aquatic organism) nest, creating the ecologic adaptation sense of a safety or make aquatic organism be in the recuperation of living in the cozy nest formula ecological effect to aquatic organism, is very favourable to the aquatic organism growth.So as to reaching the order ground efficiently that rises in value.

1. Shui nationality nest (aquatic organism) is meant made finished product, make square, garden type, ellipse garden type, cast, box, mould assembly and other geometric type finished product as metal, plastics, timber, glass, cement, pottery, rubber and other synthetic material with manual method, water supply family (aquatic organism) cultures with all being Shui nationality nest scope.

2. Shui nationality nest is meant and propagates artificially, the aquatic organism of unartificial breed, amphibian animal (the lively thing classes in land and water such as fish, shrimps, crab class, terrapin, batrachia, shellfish or spiral shell, snake class, salamander class).

3. Shui nationality nest is in batch production intensification place, the net cage, in the rice field, in the pond, bay, lake, reservoir, dyke, bubble natural pond, rivers, aquarium, restaurant, restaurant are fresh-keeping etc., propagates unartificial breed usefulness artificially.Aquatic organism existence place.

4. Shui nationality nest is according to each kind ecological habit and specification size shape, determines required designing optimal scheme, biological being suitable for of supplying water.According to juvenile prawn, one-tenth shrimp individuality size, the designing optimal shape is installed on the appropriate location, shrimp pond, recuperates, conceals when peeling and keep away for shrimp, in order to avoid accuse each other, improves survival rate as 1. shrimps (lobster of various prawns, pond crayfish, freshwater shrimp and sea water and fresh water etc.).2. crab class, river crab sea water and fresh water land amphibious organisms, the habit of living in caves that burrows, the most suitable artificial crab nest.Be suitable for the cast nest.Sea crabs is generally not dried up, available mould assembly nest.3. terrapin is used pulmonary respiration air principle according to terrapin.Therefore, design and combine towards oxygen, not going out the water surface can take a breath, and nest is gone up the meeting of water surface ventilator to reduce, and improves quiet efficient greatly and growth fast.4. amphibian animal, pulmonary respiration such as frog salamander, but opposite with soft-shelled turtle disembarkation chance, therefore can how to be provided with on the coast.5. other class, marine products lobster, sea cucumber, abalone etc. are famous and precious, Shi Banyu, tooth butterfish, do the water body exchange in conjunction with mozzle.Nido is different with kind.6. fish, have two kinds: a kind of is all to breathe air in the water, another kind goes out the water surface and directly contains air (as clarias fuscus, snakeheaded fish, loach etc.).The fish nest is arranged combination together towards oxygen with tube.