CN1255629C - 风能设备的控制装置和控制方法 - Google Patents
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors
- F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D7/0272—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor by measures acting on the electrical generator
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors
- F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D17/00—Monitoring or testing of wind motors, e.g. diagnostics
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2270/00—Control
- F05B2270/10—Purpose of the control system
- F05B2270/20—Purpose of the control system to optimise the performance of a machine
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2270/00—Control
- F05B2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
- F05B2270/301—Pressure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2270/00—Control
- F05B2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
- F05B2270/303—Temperature
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2270/00—Control
- F05B2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
- F05B2270/324—Air pressure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2270/00—Control
- F05B2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
- F05B2270/325—Air temperature
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种风能设备,其带有一个用于管理运行该风能设备的控制装置,本发明还公开了一种控制一台带有管理运行周控制装置的风能设备的方法。为了从风中获取尽可能多的能量,该控制装置考虑了该风能设备安装位置处的海拔高度和/或该风能设备的高度。此外,本发明方法测量空气密度,并将由该所测空气密度值导出的、表征空气密度的信号传送给控制装置,供该控制装置在管理运行时予以考虑。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种风能设备,其带有一个用于管理运行该风能设备的控制装置,本发明还涉及一种用于控制该带有一管理运行该风能设备的控制装置的风能设备的方法。
背景技术
一台风能设备将风中动能的一部分转换成电能。为此该风能设备具有一个从风中提取动能且将其转换成转动动能的转子。
德国专利申请公开说明书DE 19844258A1公开了一种风能设备及其运行方法,其中,管理运行系统依靠那些测量风能设备所在位置处的空气密度的传感器,在空气密度下降时将风能设备的切断速度设定得更高。当在正常空气密度时该切断速度取其预定值,在较小空气密度时该切断速度提高。
在一台风能设备的控制装置中存储了一条功率特性曲线,该功率特性曲线允许由所测得的与风速相关的转子转速求出与之相对应的发电机功率以控制该风能设备。由该风能设备所应输出的发电机功率,可求出所需的励磁功率,并由此可再求出发电机转矩。为了产生此所需的发电机转矩,风能设备的转子必须借助传动系至少提供此转矩。
风能设备的功率P相应于流经该风能设备的转子通路(Rotorkreis)的能量,且由与转子通路面积相应的横截面F产生,其满足下述公式:
P=ρv3F[W]
由此给出在一给定风速v和一预先给定的转子通路面积F的情况下能量与该空气密度ρ的关系。如果能量过小,则该转子不能施加此转矩,于是由于过高的发电机转矩而使转子转速下降。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是使一风能设备的运行最优化,以致于始终能提供一个尽可能大的能量,即提供一个尽可能大的功率。
上述技术问题首先通过一种控制一个带有一发电机的风能设备的方法来解决,其包括下列步骤:
-用一个控制装置对空气密度数据以及该发电机的功率数据进行处理,其中,该空气密度数据包括所统计的和/或所输入的和/或所测得的风能设备处的空气密度数据,并且
-依据该空气密度数据来调节设定该发电机的功率数据,使得该发电机转矩不会超过该转子所提供的转矩。
上述技术问题另外通过这样一种风能设备来解决,其具有一个发电机和一个管理运行该发电机的控制装置以及用于测量和/或设定空气密度数据的装置,其中,该控制装置设计成根据所述空气密度数据来调节所述发电机的功率数据,使得该发电机转矩不会超过该转子所提供的转矩。
在迄今为止的风能设备中,除了功率特性曲线外,预先给定高速系数λ。该高速系数λ在此相应于转子叶片顶部圆周速度和风速的比值。正如已说明的那样,如果功率特性曲线与相应的空气密度不相适应,则会偏离在该控制装置中确定的高速系数λ。
在本发明中该控制装置考虑了该风能设备的安装地点的海拔高度和/或该风能设备的高度,即该风能设备安装位置处的空气密度。
本发明基于这样的认识:随着海拔高度增加,空气密度减小。参考尺度总是以海平面高度为常规零值(NN)。设备安装地点位于超过NN越高,则空气密度越小,相应在风中所含有的能量越小。
在本发明的解决方案中,尤其优选通过考虑该风能设备安装地点超过NN的海拔高度,在功率特性曲线中考虑了此减小的空气密度。由此,可相应调节这个对应于转子转速并因而对应于一定高速系数λ的、有待由该风能设备所产生的功率,亦即使之降低,使得该发电机转矩基于通过该控制装置所馈入的励磁功率不会超过该转子所提供的转矩。这样一来可保持由功率特性曲线所确定的效率,且能从风中提取最大的能量。
按照本发明的一有利设计,所述控制装置设计成根据所述空气密度数据来调节一提供给所述发电机的励磁功率,以用于控制所述发电机的转矩。
在本发明的一种特别优选的实施方式中,该风能设备安装地点的海拔和/或该风能设备的高度是可调节适配的,也就是说可设置一种与地点无关的控制装置,可通过一个合适的调节手段(如开关、配置参数等)向该控制装置传送相应的参数。
在本发明的一种优选改进结构中,该风能设备用于设计成带有一个用于获取空气密度的测量装置,尤其优选带有一个获取空气压力和温度的测量装置。由后两个参数能确定空气密度。这样一来可以不必设定该参数,因为该控制装置自动地由该测量装置得到的数据确定该参数。
按照本发明的另一优选设计,设有一用于输入空气密度数据的输入装置,其中,所输入的空气密度数据存储在所述控制装置中。
在一种优选的实施方式中,该控制装置包括至少一台微处理机,从而对该风能设备的控制可在一个控制软件的基础上实现。
此外,本发明要解决的技术问题通过具有下述特征的方法来解决:
a)测量空气密度,
b)将由该所测空气密度值导出的、表征空气密度的信号传送给控制装置,
c)由该控制装置在管理运行时考虑此空气密度。
其中在步骤a)中可以测量空气压力和温度,且在步骤b)中可以由空气压力和温度按照一预先给定的算法推导出表征空气密度的信号。
附图说明
下面结合附图对本发明的一个实施方式作详细说明。
图1示出一风能设备以及相应的控制系统。
具体实施方式
图中描述了一种风能设备,其带有一个转子10、一个发电机12、一个位于转子和发电机之间的能量传递机构14、一个测量空气压力的装置16、一个测量温度的装置18和一个带有一微处理机的控制装置20。
该测量空气压力的装置16经一连接22与该控制装置20相连,测量温度的装置经一连接24与该控制装置相连,且经一连接26将转子转速传送给该控制装置20。这种连接可以例如是电连接导线,或者其它合适的连接方式、如无线通讯联系。
该控制装置20根据预先给定的功率数据由所传送来的信息来确定发电机的输出功率,且通过一个连接28来影响传送给发电机12的励磁功率。
其中,该控制装置20的工作方式可以这样预先给定,使得由空气压力和温度的变化确定的空气密度的变化仅仅在其超过一个可预给定的量和/或对一预给定的时间测得此变化时才由该控制装置加以考虑。
显然,代替测量空气密度还可以预先给出一个表示风能设备所在位置处空气密度的值。此时,例如也要考虑该风能设备高出海平面NN的高度和该风能设备的转子轮毂的高度。与此相应,还可以预先给定一个在预定海拔处相应空气密度的平均值,并将其存储在该控制装置中。因此,通过本发明,一个风能设备相应的功率特性曲线也与该风能设备处的相应空气密度相适配。这就允许该风能设备的效率总保持在尽可能大的值,而且即使该空气密度明显地波动或者该风能设备安装在高出海平面NN几百米处也是如此,即便所述功率特性曲线起初是对一个相对于海平面NN海拔高度为0的地点来确定的。
Claims (8)
1.一种控制一个带有一发电机的风能设备的方法,其包括下列步骤:
-用一个控制装置对空气密度数据以及该发电机的功率数据进行处理,其中,该空气密度数据包括所统计的和/或所输入的和/或所测得的风能设备处的空气密度数据,并且
-依据该空气密度数据来调节设定该发电机的功率数据,使得该发电机转矩不会超过该转子所提供的转矩。
2.按照权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:根据所述空气密度数据来调节一提供给所述发电机的励磁功率,以用于控制所述发电机的转矩。
3.一种风能设备,其具有一个发电机和一个管理运行该发电机的控制装置以及用于测量和/或设定空气密度数据的装置,其中,该控制装置设计成根据所述空气密度数据来调节所述发电机的功率数据,使得该发电机转矩不会超过该转子所提供的转矩。
4.按照权利要求3所述的风能设备,其特征在于:所述控制装置设计成根据所述空气密度数据来调节一提供给所述发电机的励磁功率,以用于控制所述发电机的转矩。
5.按照权利要求3或4所述的风能设备,其特征在于:设有一个与所述控制装置(20)相连接的用于测量空气密度的测量装置(16,18)。
6.按照权利要求5所述的风能设备,其特征在于:所述测量装置(16,18)包括至少一个用于测量该风能设备所在位置处的空气压力的装置(16)和温度的装置(18)。
7.按照权利要求3或4所述的风能设备,其特征在于:设有一用于输入空气密度数据的输入装置,其中,所输入的空气密度数据存储在所述控制装置中。
8.按照权利要求3或4所述的风能设备,其特征在于:所述控制装置包含有一微处理机,在该微处理机中该空气密度数据连同该风能设备的一个控制程序一起得到处理。
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DE10109553.8 | 2001-02-28 | ||
DE10109553A DE10109553B4 (de) | 2001-02-28 | 2001-02-28 | Luftdichteabhängige Leistungsregelung |
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CN1255629C true CN1255629C (zh) | 2006-05-10 |
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EP (1) | EP1368566B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP4109994B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR100608075B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1255629C (zh) |
AR (1) | AR034579A1 (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE348954T1 (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2002250986B2 (zh) |
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CA (1) | CA2436401C (zh) |
CY (1) | CY1106344T1 (zh) |
DE (2) | DE10109553B4 (zh) |
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Cited By (1)
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CN101730796B (zh) * | 2007-04-30 | 2012-09-19 | 维斯塔斯风力系统有限公司 | 运行具有桨距控制的风力涡轮机的方法、风力涡轮机以及风力涡轮机的集群 |
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JP2004521225A (ja) | 2004-07-15 |
ES2275857T3 (es) | 2007-06-16 |
KR100608075B1 (ko) | 2006-08-02 |
MA25935A1 (fr) | 2003-10-01 |
AR034579A1 (es) | 2004-03-03 |
EP1368566B1 (de) | 2006-12-20 |
EP1368566A1 (de) | 2003-12-10 |
WO2002068818A1 (de) | 2002-09-06 |
DK1368566T3 (da) | 2007-04-23 |
MXPA03007097A (es) | 2003-11-18 |
NZ527296A (en) | 2006-10-27 |
CA2436401C (en) | 2005-08-23 |
DE50209008D1 (de) | 2007-02-01 |
AU2002250986B2 (en) | 2004-09-23 |
DE10109553A1 (de) | 2002-09-12 |
NO20033814D0 (no) | 2003-08-27 |
BR0207190A (pt) | 2004-02-10 |
PL206325B1 (pl) | 2010-07-30 |
NO20033814L (no) | 2003-08-27 |
CY1106344T1 (el) | 2011-10-12 |
US7023105B2 (en) | 2006-04-04 |
ATE348954T1 (de) | 2007-01-15 |
PT1368566E (pt) | 2007-01-31 |
ZA200305855B (en) | 2004-02-17 |
KR20030071864A (ko) | 2003-09-06 |
DE10109553B4 (de) | 2006-03-30 |
BR0207190B1 (pt) | 2011-09-06 |
CA2436401A1 (en) | 2002-09-06 |
PL363573A1 (en) | 2004-11-29 |
US20040135375A1 (en) | 2004-07-15 |
JP4109994B2 (ja) | 2008-07-02 |
CN1494635A (zh) | 2004-05-05 |
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