CN100424337C - 用于风能设备的运行管理系统 - Google Patents

用于风能设备的运行管理系统 Download PDF

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CN100424337C
CN100424337C CNB2003801075221A CN200380107522A CN100424337C CN 100424337 C CN100424337 C CN 100424337C CN B2003801075221 A CNB2003801075221 A CN B2003801075221A CN 200380107522 A CN200380107522 A CN 200380107522A CN 100424337 C CN100424337 C CN 100424337C
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management system
rotor blade
operation management
rotor
power
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CN1732341A (zh
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D·施托伊德尔
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Renewable Power Systems Inc
Senvion GmbH
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Repower Systems SE
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03DWIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/022Adjusting aerodynamic properties of the blades
    • F03D7/0224Adjusting blade pitch
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03DWIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/0256Stall control
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05BINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00Function
    • F05B2260/80Diagnostics
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05BINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2270/00Control
    • F05B2270/30Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
    • F05B2270/32Wind speeds
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S415/00Rotary kinetic fluid motors or pumps
    • Y10S415/905Natural fluid current motor
    • Y10S415/907Vertical runner axis

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于风能设备的运行管理系统,通过该运行管理系统调整该设备的输出功率,其中,该风能设备具有一个带有至少一个转子叶片的转子,转子叶片相对于转子以一个可调的转子叶片角设置,运行管理系统在一个预定的风速范围内通过调整转子叶片角来调整转子转速,用于调整额定功率,并且从一个确定的与风速有关的临界值起降低功率,其特征在于:该临界值是一个确定的转子叶片临界角。

Description

用于风能设备的运行管理系统
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于风能设备的运行管理系统,通过该运行管理系统调整该设备的输出功率。
背景技术
一些同类的运行管理系统应用在风能设备上,所述风能设备具有一个带有至少一个转子叶片的转子,其中,转子叶片相对于转子以一个可调的转子叶片角设置。运行管理系统在一个预定的风速范围内通过调整转子叶片角来调整转子转速,用于调整额定功率。
在非常高的风速下,由于很强的机械负荷,风能设备的运行可能导致设备的损坏。同类的运行管理系统因此这样构成,使得它从一个确定的断开风速起断开设备,此时设备的断开优选不是突然的,而是通过功率的缓慢降低实现的。例如由DE 195 32 409 A1已知这种运行管理系统。
由DE 198 44 258 A1也已知一种运行管理系统,在到达预定的风速时,通过该运行管理系统降低功率。在此,功率的降低同样也通过调整转子叶片角到达。但是在到达临界风速时,功率的降低已经开始了,临界风速小于断开风速。
随着功率降低应该到达的是,在设备上的随风速增长而增长的机械负荷降低了,因此设备可以在尺寸上设计得不那么笨重,从而可以降低费用。
在上述两种运行管理系统中,从到达一个确定的与风速有关的临界值起,开始降低功率。这基于测量的风速。风速通常用一个机舱风速计进行测量。该测量方法相对不准确,因此对于设备的负荷不是一个很好的指示器。
运行管理系统从临界值起降低风能设备功率。该临界值因此不基于所测量的风速,而是基于输入量,该输入量在物理上和通过控制技术更容易获得。
发明内容
本发明的目的是,提出一种运行管理系统,它应用一个带有上述特性的临界值。
如同同类的运行管理系统,按本发明的运行管理系统应用在风能设备上,该风能设备具有一个带有可调的转子叶片的转子,其中,运行管理系统这样构成,使得它在一个预定的风速范围内通过调整转子叶片角来调整转子转速,用于调整额定功率。
当随着风速的上升到达额定转速时,就增大转子叶片角,因此如上所述,保持额定转速,从而尽管风速上升也得到额定功率。如果到达一个确定的与风速有关的临界值,那么运行管理系统开始降低功率。
按本发明的运行管理系统应用一个确定的转子叶片临界角作为临界值。转子叶片临界角涉及一个转子叶片角,该转子叶片角是在与断开风速相应的风力的情况下为调整额定功率的结果。转子叶片临界角与各自应用的转子叶片有关并且可以按经验通过测量和/或通过模拟确定。
转子叶片临界角用作为临界值的优点在于,它涉及一个输入量,该输入量可以通过控制技术轻易获得,因为基于额定功率调整的转子叶片的角度是已知的。另外,对于设备瞬时的负荷,转子叶片临界角是一个直接的指示器,并且因此作为间接测量的风速,是一个为减少负荷的可靠的输入量。
在本发明的一种有利的结构中,运行管理系统这样构成,使得在越过转子叶片临界角之后,通过进一步调整转子叶片角来降低功率。转子叶片相对于转子的角度增大,用于降低功率。
其优点在于,在到达断开风速时不立即切断设备,而是缓慢降低输出功率,直到到达断开功率并且设备可以从电网脱开。这种做法一方面可以提供更好的电网相容性的优点,另一方面通过这种方式可以扩展功率曲线、改善能源生产。
在另一种有利的结构中,运行管理系统这样构成,使得转子叶片角直到到达额定功率保持恒定。
在到达额定功率之后,运行管理系统这样构成,使得转子叶片角根据风速调整,也就是说,转子叶片角根据风速大小的情况增大或者减小,以使额定功率保持恒定。
在按本发明的运行管理系统中,风能设备在断开速度之上的输出功率以有利的方式仅根据转子叶片角进行调整。不再需要辅助的测量值,例如风速,它由于不利的条件很难确定并且因而经常不准确。
附图说明
下面将借助于两幅附图详细解释本发明。
图1:风能设备的前视图;
图2:根据转子叶片角调整额定功率的示意图。
具体实施方式
图1示出了一台风能设备的俯视图,它带有一个竖立在地面上的塔架,在塔架的顶部,一个可旋转的机舱带有一个绕水平轴线转动的转子,转子由三个转子叶片组成,其中,转子叶片相对于转子以一个可调的转子叶片角设置。
图2示出了根据转子叶片角调整额定功率的示意图,由此可以看到,风速持续上升。
设备在图2的点1处起动。在点1和点2之间,设备历经设置在设备内的发电机的转矩-转速曲线,直到到达额定功率。转子叶片角在这个阶段不发生改变,设备在点2处到达额定功率。
在越过点2之后,风速大于为产生额定功率所需的风速,因此运行管理系统开始通过转子叶片角调整功率。为此运行管理系统增大了转子叶片角,转子叶片的动压力因此减少了,并且转子转速从而功率也降低了。因此通过转子叶片角的调整可以输出一个恒定的额定功率。
如图2在点2和点3之间所示,转子叶片角随着风速的上升而持续增大,因此设备输出一个恒定的额定功率。在点3处风速到达一个值,此时运行管理系统将转子叶片调整到一个对应于图2中所示临界角的角度。随着临界角的越过,运行管理系统开始降低设备的功率。为此增大转子叶片角,使得功率的输出持续降低,直到如在图2的点4处到达设备的断开功率。
在本发明的其它构成中,功率的降低也可以其它形式进行,例如阶梯式或者指数形式。

Claims (5)

1. 一种用于风能设备的运行管理系统,通过该运行管理系统调整该设备的输出功率,其中,该风能设备具有一个带有至少一个转子叶片的转子,转子叶片相对于转子以一个可调的转子叶片角设置,运行管理系统在一个预定的风速范围内通过调整转子叶片角来调整转子转速,用于调整额定功率,并且从一个确定的与风速有关的临界值起降低功率,其特征在于:该临界值是一个确定的转子叶片临界角。
2. 按权利要求1所述的运行管理系统,其特征在于:该运行管理系统调整转子叶片角,用于降低功率。
3. 按权利要求2所述的运行管理系统,其特征在于:该运行管理系统增大转子叶片角,用于降低功率。
4. 按权利要求1所述的运行管理系统,其特征在于:该运行管理系统使转子叶片角保持恒定,直到到达额定功率。
5. 按权利要求1所述的运行管理系统,其特征在于:在到达额定功率之后,该运行管理系统根据风速调整转子叶片角,以使额定功率保持恒定。
CNB2003801075221A 2003-01-11 2003-12-20 用于风能设备的运行管理系统 Expired - Fee Related CN100424337C (zh)

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DE10300733.4 2003-01-11
DE10300733A DE10300733B3 (de) 2003-01-11 2003-01-11 Betriebsführungssystem für eine Windenergieanlage

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CN1732341A CN1732341A (zh) 2006-02-08
CN100424337C true CN100424337C (zh) 2008-10-08

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US (1) US7275912B2 (zh)
EP (1) EP1497556B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN100424337C (zh)
AT (1) ATE310163T1 (zh)
AU (1) AU2003296698B2 (zh)
CA (1) CA2511973C (zh)
DE (2) DE10300733B3 (zh)
DK (1) DK1497556T3 (zh)
ES (1) ES2251705T3 (zh)
WO (1) WO2004063566A1 (zh)

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EP1497556A1 (de) 2005-01-19
AU2003296698A1 (en) 2004-08-10
ES2251705T3 (es) 2006-05-01
CN1732341A (zh) 2006-02-08
WO2004063566A1 (de) 2004-07-29
ATE310163T1 (de) 2005-12-15
EP1497556B1 (de) 2005-11-16
DE10300733B3 (de) 2004-07-15
DE50301683D1 (de) 2005-12-22
US7275912B2 (en) 2007-10-02
CA2511973A1 (en) 2004-07-29
DK1497556T3 (da) 2006-03-27
CA2511973C (en) 2009-02-24
US20060147307A1 (en) 2006-07-06
AU2003296698B2 (en) 2009-09-03

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