CN1253745C - 压电可调滤波器 - Google Patents

压电可调滤波器 Download PDF

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CN1253745C
CN1253745C CN02154659.2A CN02154659A CN1253745C CN 1253745 C CN1253745 C CN 1253745C CN 02154659 A CN02154659 A CN 02154659A CN 1253745 C CN1253745 C CN 1253745C
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piezoelectric element
waveguide
piezoelectricity
thin
adjustable filter
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CN1480753A (zh
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陈杰良
吕昌岳
戴书麟
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Hongfujin Precision Industry Shenzhen Co Ltd
Hon Hai Precision Industry Co Ltd
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Hongfujin Precision Industry Shenzhen Co Ltd
Hon Hai Precision Industry Co Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
    • G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
    • G02B6/29346—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means operating by wave or beam interference
    • G02B6/29361—Interference filters, e.g. multilayer coatings, thin film filters, dichroic splitters or mirrors based on multilayers, WDM filters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
    • G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
    • G02B6/29379—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means characterised by the function or use of the complete device
    • G02B6/29389—Bandpass filtering, e.g. 1x1 device rejecting or passing certain wavelengths
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/0128—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on electro-mechanical, magneto-mechanical, elasto-optic effects
    • G02F1/0131—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on electro-mechanical, magneto-mechanical, elasto-optic effects based on photo-elastic effects, e.g. mechanically induced birefringence
    • G02F1/0134—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on electro-mechanical, magneto-mechanical, elasto-optic effects based on photo-elastic effects, e.g. mechanically induced birefringence in optical waveguides

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Optical Integrated Circuits (AREA)
  • Mechanical Light Control Or Optical Switches (AREA)
  • Optical Modulation, Optical Deflection, Nonlinear Optics, Optical Demodulation, Optical Logic Elements (AREA)

Abstract

本发明的压电可调滤波器包括一薄膜波导、一环绕该薄膜波导的压电元件及一环绕该压电元件的传动器，所述压电元件上至少有一缺口。该传动器可产生声波，该声波对该压电元件施加一径向外力，由于该压电元件具压电效应，在该声波作用下将产生一个周期性高频压电信号。该压电信号可传至该薄膜波导，由此引起该薄膜波导晶格的振动，由于该压电信号的调制作用该晶格的振动将引起薄膜波导的折射率变化。由此，薄膜波导的每一薄膜的光学厚度发生变化，波长为光学相邻两个高折射率层或光学相邻两个低折射率层的光学厚度两倍的特定光束可通过该薄膜波导。

Description

压电可调滤波器
【技术领域】
本发明是关于一种用在通讯系统如密集型波分复用(DWDM，Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing)系统中的可调滤波器，尤其是关于压电可调滤波器。
【背景技术】
DWDM是提高通讯系统容量所需的关键技术。现有DWDM技术中每一个DWDM信道至少需要一个滤波器、一个多光纤准直器及一个单光纤准直器，信道越多需要的滤波器数量越多，因此现有DWDM系统具有价格昂贵、体积大等缺点。此外，由于DWDM系统中有多个三端口装置，因而系统的机械及光学稳定性受到限制。
应用不同的工作原理，如声光、电光或压电效应制成的可调滤波器可以解决上述问题。
阵列波导光栅是基于声光效应而制成的滤波器，然而阵列波导光栅由于不能直接调节光波长因而具有高损耗、调节速度低的缺点。
马赫-泽德干涉仪是基于声光效应而制成的滤波器，然而该类型干涉仪由于需要相互平行的四个反射面因而难于制造。
请参阅图3，美国专利第5,062,684号揭示了一种可调滤波器。该可调滤波器20包括两个彼此分开且沿轴28相对排列的插针24。该插针24包括一个内端面34、一个用粘性材料31粘在内端面34上的芯片30，该芯片具一个内端面38。镜子40嵌入在内端面34与芯片30间，该镜子40由介电材料交替层迭而成。在插针24及芯片30沿轴28所设的信道26中安置有光纤29。通过对压电换能器44施加一定电压，两个芯片30的相对端面38的距离发生变化，从而可使设在支柱42上的插针24沿轴28移动，施加的电压越高，端面38之间的距离则越大。然而，随着距离的变化，难于保持两插针24中的光纤29精确对准，从而引起较高的插入损耗。
【发明内容】
为克服现有技术中通信系统体积大的缺点，本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种可调节预定信道的波长的压电可调滤波器。
本发明解决上述技术问题的技术方案是：提供的压电可调滤波器包括一薄膜波导、一环绕该薄膜波导的压电元件和一环绕该压电元件的传动器，所述压电元件上至少有一缺口，当该传动器对该压电元件施加一径向外力时，该压电元件将产生可引起该薄膜波导的折射率发生变化的周期性高频压电信号。
与现有技术相比，本发明的可调滤波器可快速选择性地滤出特定波长，具有处理多个不同信道的不同波长的能力。由此，与该可调滤波器相结合的DWDM系统可进一步缩小。
【附图说明】
图1是装置有本发明的可调滤波器的光学系统的光路示意图。
图2是本发明的可调滤波器沿图1中II-II线的剖视图。
图3是现有的可调滤波器的剖视图。
【具体实施方式】
请参阅图2，本发明的压电可调滤波器10包括一薄膜波导14、一环绕该薄膜波导14的圆环12及一环绕该圆环12的传动器17。
该薄膜波导14包括一基底及形成在该基底上的多层薄膜。该基底由压电材料组成，如LiNbO3、LiTaO3或ZnO。该薄膜波导14可用现有的半导体制造方法，如气相沉积、离子束溅射沉积等方法形成。该薄膜波导14每一层薄膜的折射率可在压电效应的作用下改变。本发明中该薄膜波导14可是阵列波导光栅或平面波导。该阵列波导光栅及平面波导均由沉积在基底上的薄膜图案形成。
该圆环12由均匀分布的多个弯曲部分组成，每两个相邻的弯曲部分由缺口18分开，缺口18确保弯曲部分可向该薄膜波导14的中心径向压缩。该圆环12由具有压电性质的光学压电材料如LiNbO3或YVO4制成，并用环氧胶19或其它粘性材料粘在该薄膜波导14之上。该压电材料在经受压缩、拉伸或扭转应力的变化时其表面将产生电压，反之当在该压电材料上外加电压时，该压电材料产生应力从而该压电材料发生机械形变。该圆环12的弯曲部分可在由传动器17产生的径向外力16作用下向薄膜波导14的方向压缩，挤压薄膜波导14产生形变。
该传动器17与圆环12彼此分开，其间可为空气媒质(未标示)。可将电能转化成机械能的交指换能器(Interdigital Transducer)可作为传动器17。当将射频信号施加在交指换能器上时，在射频信号激励之下，引起交指换能器的机械振动，该机械振动产生特定波长的声波，该声波压缩该圆环12产生作用在该圆环12上的径向外力16。由于该圆环12的压电效应在该声波作用下将产生一个周期性高频压电信号，该压电信号被传至该薄膜波导14后引起薄膜波导14晶格的振动。由于该压电信号的调制作用，该晶格的振动将引起薄膜波导14的每一薄膜的折射率变化。也就是说，特定射频信号产生的周期性的径向外力16引起薄膜波导14的薄膜产生振动，该振动将导致每一薄膜具一相应的折射率变化。由此，薄膜波导14的每一薄膜的光学厚度也发生变化，波长为光学相邻两个高折射率层或光学相邻两个低折射率层的光学厚度两倍的特定光束可通过该薄膜波导14，因而有波长选择作用。
根据国际电信联盟的标准，相应于薄膜波导14的光学相邻两个高折射率层或光学相邻两个低折射率层的光学厚度，该可调滤波器10的中心波长可被调至到所需的值。该中心波长可提供亚纳米的信道间距。对于100GHz的DWDM系统而言，该可调滤波器10可被调至为0.8nm的信道间距，对于50GHz的DWDM系统而言，该可调滤波器10可被调至为0.4nm的信道间距。
请参阅图1，该图表明一个光学系统(未标示)从输入光束60中滤过特定波长后的光路图。当从相同或不同的输入信道传出的不同波长的输入光束60传输到可调滤波器10后，通过如前所述的方式操作该可调滤波器10，波长为该薄膜波导14的光学相邻两个高折射率层或光学相邻两个低折射率层的光学厚度两倍的光束可被选择通过一普通波导56。相对而言，输入光束60中的其它光束因其波长与前述的光学厚度不匹配，故不能通过该薄膜波导14。该光束通过第一准直透镜52后被准直成为平行光束62，该平行光束62经过第二准直透镜54后直接汇聚进入至预先选定的输出信道50。
尽管结合优选实施方案具体展示和介绍了本发明，但所属领域的技术人员应明白，在形式上和细节上可以对本发明做出各种变化，而不会脱离所附权利要求书所限定的本发明的精神和范围。

Claims (14)

1.一种压电可调滤波器，包括一传动器，其特征在于还包括一薄膜波导和一环绕该薄膜波导的压电元件，所述压电元件上至少有一缺口，该传动器环绕该压电元件，当该传动器对该压电元件施加一径向外力时，该压电元件将产生可引起该薄膜波导的折射率发生变化的周期性压电信号。
2.如权利要求1所述的压电可调滤波器，其特征在于该薄膜波导是阵列波导光栅或平面光波导，该阵列波导光栅及平面光波导均由多层薄膜沉积在相应基底上而成。
3.如权利要求1所述的压电可调滤波器，其特征在于该压电元件制成材料包括LiNbO3或YVO4。
4.如权利要求1所述的压电可调滤波器，其特征在于该压电元件是圆环。
5.如权利要求4所述的压电可调滤波器，其特征在于该圆环由多个弯曲部分组成，相邻的弯曲部分由所述缺口分开。
6.如权利要求1所述的压电可调滤波器，其特征在于该压电元件由环氧胶粘在该薄膜波导上。
7.如权利要求1所述的压电可调滤波器，其特征在于该传动器是交指换能器。
8.一种光学系统，包括压电可调滤波器及一与该压电可调滤波器相邻排列的输出装置，其特征在于该压电可调滤波器包括一薄膜波导、一环绕该薄膜波导的压电元件及一环绕该压电元件的传动器，所述压电元件上至少有一缺口，当该传动器对该压电元件施加一径向外力时，该压电元件将产生可引起该薄膜波导的折射率发生变化的周期性压电信号。
9.如权利要求8所述的光学系统，其特征在于该光学系统是密集型波分复用系统。
10.如权利要求8所述的光学系统，其特征在于该薄膜波导是阵列波导光栅或平面光波导，该阵列波导光栅及平面光波导均由多层薄膜沉积在相应基底上而成。
11.如权利要求8所述的光学系统，其特征在于该压电元件制成材料包括LiNbO3或YVO4。
12.如权利要求8所述的光学系统，其特征在于该压电元件是由多个弯曲部分组成的圆环，相邻弯曲部分之间由所述缺口分开。
13.如权利要求8所述的光学系统，其特征在于该传动器是交指换能器。
14.如权利要求8所述的光学系统，其特征在于该输出装置包括一个第一准直透镜、一个第二准直透镜及至少一个输出信道。
CN02154659.2A 2002-09-03 2002-12-05 压电可调滤波器 Expired - Lifetime CN1253745C (zh)

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US6941038B2 (en) * 2003-03-25 2005-09-06 Hon Hai Precision Ind. Co., Ltd. Tunable optical fiber with compression ring
CN100493443C (zh) * 2006-12-29 2009-06-03 华南师范大学 基于声透镜与多层反射膜检测的实时光声成像方法及其装置
CN100493442C (zh) * 2006-12-29 2009-06-03 华南师范大学 基于声透镜与偏振检测的实时光声成像方法
US8194307B2 (en) * 2007-02-26 2012-06-05 Trustees Of Princeton University Tunable acoustic gradient index of refraction lens and system
US8983238B2 (en) * 2008-03-27 2015-03-17 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Optical resonator tuning using piezoelectric actuation
DE112016006701T5 (de) * 2016-04-01 2018-12-20 Intel Corporation Anorganische piezoelektrische Materialien, die auf Fasern ausgebildet sind, und Anwendungen davon
CN110119039A (zh) * 2018-02-07 2019-08-13 桂林电子科技大学 螺旋微阵列模式调制型光纤涡旋场发生器

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US5062684A (en) * 1990-01-17 1991-11-05 At&T Bell Laboratories Optical fiber filter
US6535665B1 (en) * 1998-02-12 2003-03-18 Novera Optics, Inc. Acousto-optic devices utilizing longitudinal acoustic waves
US6507693B2 (en) * 1998-05-06 2003-01-14 Cidra Corporation Optical filter device having creep-resistant optical fiber attachments
CN1329722A (zh) * 1998-12-04 2002-01-02 塞德拉公司 压缩调谐的布拉格光栅和激光器
US6597711B2 (en) * 1998-12-04 2003-07-22 Cidra Corporation Bragg grating-based laser
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