CN1247077C - Method for breeding officinal white chrysantheman in species of white chrysanthemam in red heat - Google Patents
Method for breeding officinal white chrysantheman in species of white chrysanthemam in red heat Download PDFInfo
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- CN1247077C CN1247077C CN 03112726 CN03112726A CN1247077C CN 1247077 C CN1247077 C CN 1247077C CN 03112726 CN03112726 CN 03112726 CN 03112726 A CN03112726 A CN 03112726A CN 1247077 C CN1247077 C CN 1247077C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a method for breeding medicinal white chrysanthemums in species of white chrysanthemums with a red heart, which is suitable for breeding medicinal white chrysanthemum varieties. In the planting field of medicinal white chrysanthemums, single plant breeding is carried out to differentiation individual and small groups with natural differentiation according to the characteristics of plants, and a product comparison experiment and a production experiment are combined; the obtained white chrysanthemum with a red heart has circular leaf ova, slightly tip leading edges, slightly flat blades, dark green colors, anthodium and 170 to 520 of flower head numbers, petals of ligulate flowers are pure white, flower hearts of tubiform flowers are reddish yellow, and the flower odour is heavy. The total flavonoid content of traditional steam, solarization and dry chrysanthemum is from 4.71 to 4.84 wt%, chlorogenic acid content is from 0.28 to 0.30 wt%, volatile oil is in deep yellow, and the content of the volatile oil is from 0.19 to 0.21% (ml/g).
Description
One, technical field
The present invention relates to the selection of officinal white chrysantheman red heart feverfew kind, be exclusively used in seed selection proterties officinal white chrysantheman new varieties stable, that be fit to produce popularization.
Two, background technology
Chrysanthemum morifolium Dendranthema belongs to the composite family Chrysanthemum, is one of large medicinal material of China, is again one of important export medicinal material.The social demand amount is bigger, and annual domestic and international market amount is 5000～6000 tons, and wherein about 30% for export.Chrysanthemum is used as medicine has long history in China, just on the books on first pharmacology monograph Shennong's Herbal of China.Motherland's medical science is thought, chrysanthemum sweet-bitter flavor cool in nature is returned lung liver two warps, and the effect of have dispelling wind, heat-clearing, make eye bright, detoxifying can treat headache, dizzy, hot eyes, ambition dysphoria with smothery sensation, treat diseases such as sore, pyogenic infections.Li Shizhen (1518-1593 A.D.) thinks, chrysanthemum " but its seedling vegetables, leaf can be sobbed, but the flower bait, but the real medicine of root, can the resting the head on of capsule, can the drinking of wine ", be top grade in the beautiful and fragrant flowers.Use modern biotechnology, can from Chrysanthemum morifolium, extract multiple composition with medical value.Mainly contain compositions such as flavonoids, volatile oil, chlorogenic acid in the Chrysanthemum morifolium.
Many research at present pay attention between the place of production or market sampling product between relatively discriminating (Xu Juanhua etc., the external form of FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI ALBA from Haizhou of China and other 5 kinds of chrysanthemums relatively, traditional Chinese medicine, 2002,9; Zhou Jianli etc., the proterties of various chrysanthemum commodity is differentiated, CHINA JOURNAL OF CHINESE MATERIA MEDICA, 2002,1), but the rarely found report of research of relevant breed breeding aspect (Chen Fadi etc., the cytology research of three medicinal chrysanthemum kinds, Agricultural University Of Nanjing's journal, 1997,2).And in long-term production, officinal white chrysantheman main producing region cultivar confusion.
Three, summary of the invention
1, technical problem
The present invention be directed to officinal white chrysantheman main producing region cultivar confusion, medicinal material output and quality can not be guaranteed, a kind of selection of officinal white chrysantheman long petal feverfew kind is provided, the existing cultivation of officinal white chrysantheman population mixture is broken up seed selection and variety comparative test, and invention cultivates that proterties is stable, quality better, be fit to produce and promote and the officinal white chrysantheman kind of standardized planting.
2, technical scheme
The selection of officinal white chrysantheman red heart feverfew kind provided by the present invention comprises:
(1) the big Tanaka of officinal white chrysantheman cultivated population, differentiation individuality and microcommunity to differentiation are naturally pressed the plant height of plant, the stem look, leaf, the peaceful latitude of emulsion of blade size, the leaf look, capitate fresh idea number and diameter, ligulate flower petal number and color, tubular flower diameter fickle in love and color, proterties such as flowery odour are carried out individual plant selection: the selection plant height is 50～96cm, the stem lavender, the leaf oval, tip is point slightly, long 4.5～the 10cm of blade, wide 4.0～8.5cm, open and flat slightly, bottle green, several 170～520 of capitulum fresh idea, diameter 4.1～5.1cm, several 42～60 of ligulate flower petal, color is pure white, tubular flower diameter 1.6～2.1cm fickle in love, salmon pink, 200～300 of the strong individual plants of flowery odour;
(2) back of picking flowers keeps selected chrysanthemum plant root and survives the winter, selected each individual plant survived the winter in 1 year and carry out the field comparative test behind the chrysanthemum seedling cuttage and seedling culture of tillering out on the root, observe their The Characters and stability separately, it is 50～96cm that selection has plant height, the stem lavender, the leaf oval, tip is point slightly, long 4.5～the 10cm of blade, wide 4.0～8.5cm, open and flat slightly, bottle green, several 170～520 of capitulum fresh idea, diameter 4.1～5.1cm, several 42～60 of ligulate flower petal, color is pure white, tubular flower diameter 1.6～2.1cm fickle in love, salmon pink, the chrysanthemum of the strong proterties of flowery odour is cottage breeding once more;
(3) in conjunction with active ingredient flavonoids, chlorogenic acid and volatile oil assay, selecting to steam the dry back of solarization chrysanthemum total flavone content through tradition is that 4.71～4.84% (weight ratios), chlorogenic acid content are 0.28～0.30% (weight ratio), volatile oil is 200～300 of the individual plants that buff, content are 0.19～0.21% (ml/g), carry out continuously cultivating in 2～3 years and select, up to the stable appearance of described proterties, uniformity reaches 90%;
(4) proterties is carried out continuous 2 years variety comparative test and production test after stablizing, determine that proterties is plant height 50～96cm, the stem lavender, the leaf oval, tip is point slightly, long 4.5～the 10cm of blade, wide 4.0～8.5cm, open and flat slightly, bottle green, several 170～520 of capitulum fresh idea, diameter 4.1～5.1cm, several 42～60 of ligulate flower petal, color is pure white, tubular flower diameter 1.6～2.1cm fickle in love, salmon pink, flowery odour is strong, tradition is steamed and shone dry chrysanthemum total flavone content is 4.71～4.84% (weight ratios), chlorogenic acid content is 0.28～0.30% (weight ratio), and volatile oil is buff, content is that the officinal white chrysantheman kind of 0.19～0.21% (ml/g) is a red heart feverfew kind.
The breed breeding method of beneficial effect officinal white chrysantheman red heart provided by the invention feverfew compared with prior art has following advantage and good effect:
In order to guarantee the quality of Chrysanthemum morifolium, the present invention is studying on the basis for many years, comprehensive output, inherent quality (flavonoids, chlorogenic acid and volatile oil content) and commodity property indexs such as (petal color, color fickle in love, flowery odours) are studied the seed selection of Chrysanthemum morifolium improved seeds, cultivate that proterties is stable, quality better, be fit to produce and promote and the officinal white chrysantheman kind of standardized planting.
Red heart feverfew kind by institute of the present invention seed selection, has following stable character: plant height 50～96cm, the stem lavender, leaf oval, tip be point slightly, blade long 4.5～10cm, wide 4.0～8.5cm, open and flat slightly, bottle green, several 170～520 of capitulum fresh idea, diameter 4.1～5.1cm, several 42～60 of ligulate flower petal, color are pure white, tubular flower diameter 1.6～2.1cm fickle in love, salmon pink, flowery odour is strong.
Active ingredient flavonoids, chlorogenic acid and volatile oil assay result: tradition is steamed and shone dry chrysanthemum total flavone content is that 4.71～4.84% (weight ratios), chlorogenic acid content are 0.28～0.30% (weight ratio), and volatile oil is buff, content is 0.19～0.21% (ml/g).
Four, description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a red heart feverfew breed breeding flow chart
Five, embodiment
Sheyang County, Jiangsu Province is one of main producing region of China's officinal white chrysantheman, and our unit carries out the improved seeds systematic breeding in the officinal white chrysantheman cultivated population of beginnings in 1997 in this area.
At first, the big Tanaka of officinal white chrysantheman cultivated population, differentiation individuality and microcommunity to differentiation are naturally pressed the plant height of plant, the stem look, leaf, the peaceful latitude of emulsion of blade size, the leaf look, capitate fresh idea number and diameter, ligule petal number and color, tubular flower diameter fickle in love and color, proterties such as flowery odour are carried out individual plant selection: the selection plant height is 50～96cm, the stem lavender, the leaf oval, tip is point slightly, long 4.5～the 10cm of blade, wide 4.0～8.5cm, open and flat slightly, bottle green, several 170～520 of capitulum fresh idea, diameter 4.1～5.1cm, several 42～60 of ligulate flower petal, color is pure white, tubular flower diameter 1.6～2.1cm fickle in love, salmon pink, 200～300 of the strong individual plants of flowery odour;
The back selected chrysanthemum plant root of reservation of picking flowers is survived the winter, selected each individual plant survived the winter in 1 year and carry out the field comparative test behind the chrysanthemum seedling cuttage and seedling culture of tillering out on the root, observe their The Characters and stability separately, it is 50～96cm that selection has plant height, the stem lavender, the leaf oval, tip is point slightly, long 4.5～the 10cm of blade, wide 4.0～8.5cm, open and flat slightly, bottle green, several 170～520 of capitulum fresh idea, diameter 4.1～5.1cm, several 42～60 of ligulate flower petal, color is pure white, tubular flower diameter 1.6～2.1cm fickle in love, salmon pink, the chrysanthemum of the strong proterties of flowery odour is cottage breeding once more;
Simultaneously in conjunction with active ingredient flavonoids, chlorogenic acid and volatile oil assay, selecting to steam the dry back of solarization chrysanthemum total flavone content through tradition is that 4.71～4.84% (weight ratios), chlorogenic acid content are 0.28～0.30% (weight ratio), volatile oil is 200～300 of the individual plants that buff, content are 0.19～0.21% (ml/g), carry out continuously cultivating in 2～3 years and select, up to the stable appearance of described proterties, uniformity reaches 90%;
After stablizing, proterties in 1999 carries out continuous 2 years variety comparative test and production test, determine that proterties is that plant height is 50～96cm, the stem lavender, the leaf oval, tip is point slightly, long 4.5～the 10cm of blade, wide 4.0～8.5cm, open and flat slightly, bottle green, several 170～520 of capitulum fresh idea, diameter 4.1～5.1cm, several 42～60 of ligulate flower petal, color is pure white, tubular flower diameter 1.6～2.1cm fickle in love, salmon pink, flowery odour is strong, tradition is steamed and shone dry chrysanthemum total flavone content is 4.71～4.84% (weight ratios), chlorogenic acid content is 0.28～0.30% (weight ratio), and volatile oil is buff, content is that the officinal white chrysantheman kind of 0.19～0.21% (ml/g) is a red heart feverfew kind.
Compare (table 1, table 3) with existing cultivar feverfew, red heart feverfew plant height, color fickle in love is a Chinese red, and fragrance of a flower gas is strong, and leaf tip is point slightly, and blade is long and wide, dark green leaf color, tubular flower diameter fickle in love is big; Red heart feverfew production ratio is little to exceed 20% from chrysanthemum; Steam the red heart feverfew volatile oil content height (0.20%) that shines drying through tradition, height has cultivar feverfew 25%: in penetrating Chrysanthemum morifolium base, Yang Ma town, Yang County cultivation population mixture, by systematic breeding for many years, the red heart feverfew proterties that filters out is stable, be defined as producing and use cultivar, and promoted on producing, thereby the situation of the shining sun Chrysanthemum morifolium production base cultivar confusion that is through with has realized producing the optimization with cultivar.For the standardized planting of officinal white chrysantheman has been determined the improved seeds that proterties is stable, promoted more than 20,000 mu so far.
The different cultivated form main plant of table 1 Chrysanthemum morifolium proterties is (mean value) relatively
| Variety type | Plant | Capitulum | Ligulate flower | Tubular flower | Blade | |||||||
| Plant height | Divide the skill number | The fresh idea number | Diameter | The lobe number | Lobe is long | Lobe is wide | Aspect ratio | Diameter fickle in love | Leaf is long | Leaf is wide | Aspect ratio | |
| Feverfew red heart feverfew | 67.6 79.0 | 11.16 12.2 | 366 354 | 4.4 4.8 | 66 53 | 1.9 1.7 | 0.5 0.5 | 3.5 3.5 | 1.4 1.8 | 4.8 7.3 | 3.7 5.7 | 1.3 1.3 |
Annotate: the proterties long measure is cm.
(r) applied in the phase relation of each proterties of table 2 Chrysanthemum morifolium and cell production
| Plant | Capitulum | Ligulate flower | Tubular flower | Blade | ||||||
| Plant height | Branch amount | The fresh idea number | Diameter | The lobe number | Lobe is long | Aspect ratio | Diameter fickle in love | Leaf is long | Leaf is wide | Aspect ratio |
| 0.754 | 0.663 | 0.925 | -0.356 | -0.917 | -0.811 | -0.882 | 0.474 | 0.437 | 0.720 | -0.657 |
(|r
0.01|＝0.958、|r
0.05|＝0.878，n＝3)
The several sensory properties of the different cultivated forms of table 3 Chrysanthemum morifolium relatively
| Type | Leaf | Leaf margin | The open and flat degree of blade | The leaf look | The petal color | Color fickle in love | The stem look | Flowery odour |
| The feverfew red heart is from chrysanthemum | Oval oval tip is point | Pinniform is shallow split the same | More flat | Light yellow bottle green | Pure white | The orange colour salmon pink | The lavender lavender | Strong denseer |
1998～2002 years 4 different officinal white chrysantheman cultivated form variety comparative test results (output) of table 4 dry weight unit: kg
| Time | Cultivated form | District's group | Tt | xt | |||
| I | II | III | IV | ||||
| 1998 2001 2002 | Red heart feverfew feverfew red heart feverfew feverfew red heart feverfew feverfew | 12.6 8.0 15.59 11.15 16.3415 7.5 | 11.6 13.9 16.80 13.84 10 12.1591 | 11.3 10.3 17.89 13.84 25.6098 11.3636 | 13.4 8.0 11.72 12.67 8.0488 14.3182 | 48.9 40.2 62.00 48.50 60.00 45.34 | 12.2 10.1 15.5 12.13 15 11.34 |
Annotate: 4 are repeated to move four places in hundred herbal gardens, You Meng, medicinal material and the east of foreign Ma Zhen respectively and carry out.
The different cultivated form chlorogenic acid contents comparisons of table 5 Chrysanthemum morifolium (%DW, n=3)
| Processing method | Cultivated form | Content |
| Tradition is steamed and is shone drying | Red heart feverfew feverfew | 0.29 0.38 |
| Oven drying | Red heart feverfew feverfew | 0.04 0.20 |
The different cultivated form general flavone contents comparisons of table 6 Chrysanthemum morifolium (%DW, n=3)
| Processing method | Cultivated form | Content |
| Tradition is steamed and is shone drying | Red heart feverfew feverfew | 4.79 6.30 |
| Oven drying | Red heart feverfew feverfew | 1.90 5.74 |
The different cultivated form volatile oil contents comparisons of table 7 Chrysanthemum morifolium (%V/DW, n=2)
| Processing method | Cultivated form | Content | Color and luster |
| Tradition is steamed and is shone drying | Red heart feverfew feverfew | 0.20 0.16 | Deep yellow brown |
| Oven drying | Red heart feverfew feverfew | 0.22 0.22 | Yellowish yellowish green |
Claims (2)
1, a kind of selection of officinal white chrysantheman red heart feverfew kind comprises:
1) the big Tanaka of officinal white chrysantheman cultivated population, differentiation individuality and microcommunity to differentiation are naturally pressed the plant height of plant, the stem look, leaf, the peaceful latitude of emulsion of blade size, the leaf look, capitate fresh idea number and diameter, ligulate flower petal number and color, tubular flower diameter fickle in love and color, proterties such as flowery odour are carried out individual plant selection: the selection plant height is 50～96cm, the stem lavender, the leaf oval, tip is point slightly, long 4.5～the 10cm of blade, wide 4.0～8.5cm, open and flat slightly, bottle green, several 170～520 of capitulum fresh idea, diameter 4.1～5.1cm, several 42～60 of ligulate flower petal, color is pure white, tubular flower diameter 1.6～2.1cm fickle in love, salmon pink, 200～300 of the strong individual plants of flowery odour;
2) back of picking flowers keeps selected chrysanthemum plant root and survives the winter, selected each individual plant survived the winter in 1 year and carry out the field comparative test behind the chrysanthemum seedling cuttage and seedling culture of tillering out on the root, observe their The Characters and stability separately, it is 50～96cm that selection has plant height, the stem lavender, the leaf oval, tip is point slightly, long 4.5～the 10cm of blade, wide 4.0～8.5cm, open and flat slightly, bottle green, several 170～520 of capitulum fresh idea, diameter 4.1～5.1cm, several 42～60 of ligulate flower petal, color is pure white, tubular flower diameter 1.6～2.1cm fickle in love, salmon pink, the chrysanthemum of the strong proterties of flowery odour is cottage breeding once more;
3) in conjunction with active ingredient flavonoids, chlorogenic acid and volatile oil assay, select to steam and shine that dry back chrysanthemum total flavone weight percentage is 4.71～4.84%, the chlorogenic acid weight percentage is 0.28～0.30% through tradition, it is 200～300 of 0.19～0.21% individual plants that volatile oil is buff, volumn concentration, carry out continuously cultivating in 2～3 years and select, up to the stable appearance of described proterties, uniformity reaches 90%;
4) proterties is carried out continuous 2 years variety comparative test and production test after stablizing, determine that proterties is plant height 50～96cm, the stem lavender, the leaf oval, tip is point slightly, long 4.5～the 10cm of blade, wide 4.0～8.5cm, open and flat slightly, bottle green, several 170～520 of capitulum fresh idea, diameter 4.1～5.1cm, several 42～60 of ligulate flower petal, color is pure white, tubular flower diameter 1.6～2.1cm fickle in love, salmon pink, flowery odour is strong, tradition is steamed and shone dry chrysanthemum total flavone weight percentage is 4.71～4.84%, the chlorogenic acid weight percentage is 0.28～0.30%, and volatile oil is buff, volumn concentration is that 0.19～0.21% officinal white chrysantheman kind is a red heart feverfew kind.
2, the selection of a kind of officinal white chrysantheman red heart feverfew according to claim 1 is characterized in that: each selected individual plant is 200～300 in the seed selection process.
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| CN105359773A (en) * | 2015-10-10 | 2016-03-02 | 安徽孔津湖农业开发有限公司 | Method for potted planting of white chrysanthemum |
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