CN1245795C - 用于不同小型电子设备的通用电源装置 - Google Patents

用于不同小型电子设备的通用电源装置 Download PDF

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CN1245795C
CN1245795C CNB008114838A CN00811483A CN1245795C CN 1245795 C CN1245795 C CN 1245795C CN B008114838 A CNB008114838 A CN B008114838A CN 00811483 A CN00811483 A CN 00811483A CN 1245795 C CN1245795 C CN 1245795C
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power source
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CN1369132A (zh
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O·朗
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Solarc Innovative Solarprodukte GmbH
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0042Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by the mechanical construction
    • H02J7/0044Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by the mechanical construction specially adapted for holding portable devices containing batteries
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/35Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2207/00Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J2207/20Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P90/00Enabling technologies with a potential contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
    • Y02P90/50Energy storage in industry with an added climate change mitigation effect

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  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
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Abstract

随着具有不同供给电压和连接装置的、移动电池供电的小型装置数量的增多,要求有一种通用及结构紧凑的电源装置,该电源装置可方便经济地与尽可能多的小型装置进行适配。本发明涉及一种包括一个能量站和一个电子模块的通用电源装置,该能量站具有一个与多种特定装置适配器电缆组合在一起的集成电压转换器。所述电子模块产生一个编程信号,当适配器电缆与能量站相耦合时,上述编程信号可相应调节所需的输出参数。这样可以方便的将该电源装置与不同种类的小型装置相适配并具有更为宽泛的使用范围。特别地,通过利用太阳能电源,能源模块可以成为一个自给自足的能源模块。

Description

用于不同小型电子设备的通用电源装置
发明背景
1.发明领域
本发明涉及一种用于不同的小型电子设备的通用电源装置并且本发明包括一个能量站(energy station)和一个标准适配器电缆,其中上述能量站具有一个集成电源和一个与给定的一个小型设备相联系的下游电压转换器以提供一个输出电压和一个输出电流,上述标准适配器电缆具有一个设备专用(appliance-specific)的连接插头从而可将获得的输出功率传送到一个给定的小型设备。
2.现有技术
在家庭、工业以及旅游中愈来愈多地使用了具有高技术性能的紧凑的小型电子设备。在这些电子设备中,大多数是电信、数据处理和音频领域中的移动设备;移动电话、掌上型计算机或者便携式CD播放器是其中典型的例子。这些设备的一个特征是:为了降低重量并使得尺寸更为紧凑,这些设备没有电源组件,而是在设备上具有一个用户可更换电池的电池盒和/或可提供外部电源的连接器。在许多情况下,例如在移动电话中,主适配器通常都配备一个能对可更换电池充电并同时为小型设备提供电源的装置。
除了市电供电(mains-powered)的设备外,也可用其它方式为小型设备供电。例如用于移动电话的汽车充电电缆,其采用的最简单的方式是利用二极管装置降低电压,由此通过产生热量而将12V的汽车电压降低到较低的移动电话充电电压。在技术更为复杂的方式中,上述电缆具有一个开关信号转换器从而可以高效地进行所述的调节。然而由于这样的充电方式要求对包括外壳(housing)在内的闭合电路进行集成,因此其显著地增加了电缆的尺寸。如德国专利DE19756626、NOKIA1611 Solar或者德国弗赖堡(Freiburg,Germany)的Fraunhofer InstitutISE的一篇论文(参见1998年年度报告)所公开的那样,已在移动电话领域提供并实现了太阳能电源装置。
在测量技术领域中包含电子元件的连接器插头是为大家所熟知的。例如德国Holzkirchen的Ahlborn公司在市场上有一种称为“ALMEMO”的传感器系统,其中传感器回路被集成在一个专用连接器插头之内,这样可以减小内部干扰。在德国专利DE19527972中,一种集成在电缆末端的测量电阻可以探测到水管之内的断裂。在本技术领域中,去掉电压设定元件或者限流元件而对电源进行外部控制也是公知的。
在所提及的电源装置中,外部电流源通常被设计成适用于某种相关的小型装置。这样就排除了这种电流源装置与其它具有不同连接器或者需要不同供给电压的小型装置之间连接的通用性。因此就要用大量的电源装置与相似功率特性的小型装置相连,而上述小型装置在理论上可由单个可适配的电源装置进行供电。
用于具有不同供给电压和连接器的小型装置的通用电流源装置已公知很长时间。例如具有输出电压3~12V的功率适配器具有一组4~6个普通的低功率插头并配备有一个用于选择输出电压的开关。它们适合于许多音频设备以及便携式计算机。在太阳能电流源领域内充电器也是公知的,上述充电器具有一个插入式电缆和多插头适配器(参见Conrad Catalog‘98,如“Sito Solar Charger”)。它们适合于为装置供给3V电压。其它太阳能电流源装置通过安装在电流源装置上的开关也可提供不同的输出电压(参见德国实用新型DE18801229U或者在Conrad Catalog中的“Sunline Solarkoffer”’99第323页)。
在Solarc enterprise,state09/98的手册Solarc-innovationSolarprodukte-Variante 3:CSM9.040A02T中描述了本发明所依据的现有技术的状况。上述手册描述了一种信用卡形式的通用能量站,该能量站包括一个电池充电模块和一个电压转换器模块的组合体。这些模块配备有单独的输出电压和连接器电缆,生产商或者熟练的用户可将上述输出电压和连接器电缆与预定的小型装置进行适配。通过一个布置在开关信号转换器的负反馈支路内的一元件可在能量站的回路中设定输出电压。通过这样的开关信号转换器可以高效地对电压进行上下改变。
然而,上面描述并提及的其它通用电流源装置都具有三个严重的缺点,这些缺点使得普通用户无法操作特定的小型装置例如目前的移动电话。首先,对于大多数小型装置而言,它们的生产商没有披露其所需电压和电流的高低(level)和密度(flow)。其次,不能期望一个对技术不敏锐的用户来调节供给电压,甚至有时来调节最大电流。第三,非常特定的连接器插头通常是为一种类型的装置专门设计的,它们既不会作为通用电源的附件在市场上获得,也不会作为单件在市场上获得。
发明目的
因此本发明的技术任务在于提供一种通用且紧凑的电源装置,该电源装置简单且同时能高效地与许多不同的小型电子装置进行适配,也可进行简单的没有调节如供给电压选择的应用。该电源装置坚固耐用。对于一些应用场合,该电源装置可作为一个独立的能源装置,例如在旅行期间作为一个太阳能电池组件对移动电话和音频设备进行供电。这样的装置形式特别要求电路布置具有尽可能低的功率损耗。
发明概述
本发明是通过如下方式来完成技术任务的:在小型电子装置专用的适配器电缆之内提供一组用于产生一个不同的集成电压源的电压编程信号的电子元件,当适配器电缆与能量站相耦合时,由电压转换器处的一个开关控制装置对上述编程信号进行探测并由电压转换器对其进行相应的转换,从而设定出所需的输出功率。
将本发明的电源装置分为一个用作核心装置的、技术更为精巧的能量站和一个可替换的、简单的外围部件,则上面所提及的所用要求都可满足:在能量站内使用开关或者电压转换器可使得结构紧凑并提高效率;仅具有少数几个结构部件的适配器电缆在设计上可与许多小型装置进行低成本的适配。对于用户而言仅需进行非常简单的操作。他所需要的仅是将适配器电缆安装在小型装置之内,完全取消了对能量站的调节。只需连接适当的适配器电缆即可自动简单地对一个给定的小型装置的输出功率进行设定。因为取消了任何调节选择,所以不会有失配情况发生。适配器电缆与小型装置的正确连接,由小型装置专用的电缆输出插头完成。
为了识别适配器电缆产生的编程信号,能量站内的电压转换器具有一个探测器开关控制装置如一个电压探测器。根据本发明的一个实施例,为了触发(activate)探测器,最好在适配器电缆的元件组内提供一个电阻电桥。它是一个设计简单的、具有小尺寸的、坚固的部件。在另一个实施例中,最好在能量站对元件组自由编程的从而对输出功率进行设定。以这样的方式如通过可编程逻辑元件就可对要设定的输出功率进行简单的访问。这样可进一步提供本发明电源装置的多样性。
根据本发明的实施例,除了对供给电压进行编程之外,也要考虑对影响电源的物理参数进行编程。在这种方式中,可通过使用可编程适配器电缆来影响能量站的性能。可设定一个代替恒定电压的脉动电压,将可获得的电流限制在一个最大值。通过插入连接器电缆可触发(activate)电压转换器,否则电压转换器处于省电模式。输出电压可随着一定的环境物理条件如温度、压力或者亮度的变化而变换。
根据本发明的实施例,在最简单的情况下,通用电源装置的集成电压源将由市电电源(mains power)供电。在具有一个集成的市电电源装置的情况下,电源装置被设计成为一个市电插入式装置。特别是在这种连接中可以用一个市电电源开关元件,以产生一个高效率、低无功电流并且尺寸小的电源装置。然而具有集成的市电电源装置时,能源供应站将变得不能相对移动。基于此原因,根据本发明第五个实施例,最好使用一个太阳能电池组来对集成电压源进行供电。当电源装置由太阳能电池组以直流电源进行供电时,上述电源装置要么直接与运行在最佳运行点的直流转换器相耦合,要么通过一个适当的充电控制器用一组由太阳能电池组充电的电池对电源装置进行缓冲。
偶尔也会发生用电装置所需的功率显著地超过有效的功率,或者需要增加电池组充电容量的情况。根据本发明的第六个实施例,可通过电源装置上的、与多个模块并联的条状连接器来满足上述要求。通过适当的电缆将多个模块连接起来可以建立一个模块段(modulefield),上述模块段的额定功率与用电装置所需的功率相符合。
如果用电装置可由一个与直流电流源额定电压相符的输入电压驱动,则为了连接用电装置,在电源装置中提供一个连接用电装置的连接器是很有益的。在此方式中可以避免直流转换器的功率损耗。
根据本发明的第七个实施例,利用一个电阳能电池组件可以制造出一种完全满足小型装置如移动电话、便携式CD播放器及其它装置供电要求的手提便携式电源装置,这种便携式电源装置的基本尺寸大致等于一个信用卡的大小。太阳能电池组件可具有一个腔体,该腔体具有一个用于将太阳能电池和光线对准的定位装置。腔体优选由塑料制成一个硬壳箱,或者制造成一个软腔体如一个袋子。如果需要,可由柔软材料优选采用羽毛制造出袋子的华丽外观。
根据本发明的第八个实施例,定位装置可以是一个夹,该夹相对于腔体的角度位置可变从而将模块固定在用户的衣服之上或者将模块立在一个坚硬的表面上。这些装置基本上是防滑的并且可包括一个将太阳能电池组件固定在衣服之上的扣子。也可以使用布带(strap)或者皮带(belt)将太阳能电池组件固定在人的胳膊或者躯干上。在使用扣子时,它可被制造成一个可枢轴转动的元件从而将太阳能电池组件倾斜地定位于一个硬表面上以便更有效地将太阳能电池与入射的阳光对准。
在本发明中,能量站可与一个结构装置机械相连或者与结构装置可机械相连。这样的结构装置例如可设计成与连接器电缆的连接器相连接,其也可以包括用于为能量站产生编程信号的电子元件组,上述结构装置。例如连上一个照明附件而产生日光炬或者闪光(solar torch orflashlight),或者连接一个风扇附件而得到一个太阳能通风装置。而且能量站也可具有一个用于与外部充电器的连接器,从而为电池组充电。当对电池组充电时,必须小心不要对电池进行过渡充电,否则会对电池产生破坏或者降低电池的寿命。基于此原因,电子控制回路优选包括一个充电控制装置,当电池组达到预定的充电条件时,上述充电控制装置可切断流向电池组的充电电流。在一个简单的电路中,充电控制装置记录电池组的终端电压作为其充电条件的量度(measure),在充电操作期间一旦达到预定的终端电压,即切断充电电流。原则上任何类型的电池都可以在电池组中使用,例如Ni-Cd蓄电池或者Li离子电池或者可充的碱性锰电池。
附图说明
在后附的权利要求书中对本发明特征部分的新特征进行了特别的说明。然而结合附图从优选实施例的下述描述可以更好地理解本发明的结构、构造、布置以及制造技术和本发明的其它目的和优点,其中:
图1为具有一个能量站(energy station)和适配器电缆以及一个太阳能电池组的一个通用电源装置的截面图;
图2展示了图1中本发明电源装置的电路图;
图3为具有一个市电电源(power mains)变压器组的本发明电源装置的电路图;
图4为用于产生脉冲输出电压的小型电子装置专用(apparatus-specific)的适配器电缆之内的结构部件组的电路图;
图5为用于与一个小型设备相连接的、小型电子装置专用的一个适配器电缆内的结构元件组的电路图,其中上述小型设备直接由一个源电压U1进行供电;
图6为一个枢轴转动杆的结构阵列和工作原理的侧视图。
优选实施例的详细说明
图1示意性地画出了一个电源装置的结构布置。所示的实例是这样一种形式:能量站1是一个具有如图2的电路图所示的电池组的便携式太阳能电池组件。该太阳能电池组由一个板子3表示,而电池4和电子元件5安装在一个板子6之上。为了通风起见利用一个间隙7将两个板子分隔开,这样当太阳能电池组3发热时,传递给电池4的热量会尽可能得少。实际上发现间隙7的高度在1~2mm之间是很有效的。板子3、6和电池4被放置在一个腔体8之内,其中上述腔体8具有一个用于将太阳能电池组件固定在裤子的口袋上或者一个带子(belt)上的固定夹9。腔体8具有一个未详细示出的盖子,该盖子4用于打开和关闭容纳电池4的容器10。在腔体8的前侧示意性地示出了一个连接器插孔12(jack)。条状连接器11可位于太阳能电池组件的相对侧表面上。图1中示意性地示出了一个条状连接器11。
在图1的下端部分示出了具有编程元件(programming components)13的一个适配器电缆2的结构布置。如图所示元件13可放置在一个电子板14上并优选利用SMD技术进行安装,或者他们也可以单独地焊接在电缆15和16之上。在所示的布置中,电缆连接器17与能量站1的输出终端12相连接,插头18与待连接的小型设备的输入连接器相连。为了减小张力,适配器电缆包含元件的部分应喷涂上一层塑料19。
图2和图3的电路图中示出的能量站1包含一个提供源电压U1的电压电源(其结构要么是一个具有一个电池组5的太阳能电池3,要么是一个市电电源变压器装置24,上述电池组由一个二极管D1或者一个充电控制装置22进行通电)和一个包括电压检测器26的电压转换器25。电压转换器25的输出端提供变压后的输出电压U2,上述电压转换器25与一个输出插孔12的插入式连接器相连接。例如一个外部充电设备可以与条状连接器11相连接,上述外部充电设备可以进一步为用于提高太阳能输出的太阳能电池组或者用于增加容量的电池组。如图5所示,由源电压U1直接供电的用电装置可与终端12e相连。这样可以避免由电压转换器25引起的功率损失。
在图2的实施例中,一个电池组4通过一个阻塞二极管D1与太阳能电池组3并联。该实施例特别适合于下列情况:例如使用较高电流对移动电话进行充电或者作为应急电源使用时,在长时间内要求具有一个恒定的输出电压并在光照条件(light condition)下没有短期的波动。在一个太阳能电池组3和电池组4之间具有一个虚线所示的电子充电控制装置22,该电子充电控制装置22代替阻塞二极管D1,并且一旦上述充电控制装置22达到了预定的充电条件即可阻止流向电池组4的充电电流。充电条件例如可以由一个充电检测器进行确定。
电池组4例如可以包括两个串联的蓄电池组电池(Ni-MH,Ni-Cd或者碱性Mn),上述蓄电池组中的每一个电池都具有1.2~1.6V额定电压,这取决于电池的类型。也可以使用额定电压为3.6V的锂离子电池。在没有电池组的实施例中,电压检测器11的开关阈值UEin和UAus相对于太阳能电池组3的最优工作点(最大功率点,MPP)进行设计。在包括电池组4的实施例中,它们在选择上可防止电池组4过渡放电并且可使电池组尽可能工作在最佳的工作范围之内运行。
电压检测器26上加有电阻R2两端的电压UD,并随着电压UD的变化而变化,电压检测器26将一个控制信号输出到电压转换器25的控制输入端SHDN上,上述电压转换器将由太阳能电池组3产生的源电压U1变压成由分压器R3/(R4+R5)确定的输出电压U2。输出电压U2来源于一个固定电压值UFB,该固定电压值UFB在常规条件下出现在电压转换器25的反馈输入端FB处。电压转换器25,例如也可以为一个开关调节器、电流互感器或者一个开关电容互感器(flowtransformer or a switching capacitor transformer)。它可以根据连接的用电装置所需要的工作电压而升高或者降低源电压U1。图中也示出了一种通过一个电桥29将电阻R1和电压源的上部支路连接起来的形式(接线插孔12内的终端e和f),由此当一个适配器电缆2插入时,可通过电压检测器26来触发电压转换器25。
一个用电装置30可通过适配器电缆2的输出插头18与电源装置连接在一起。用电装置30的功率输入依赖于终端电压U3=U2-U12和输出电流I2。通过将电阻R3′和分压电阻R3(在接线插孔12内的终端c和d)进行并联,外部电阻R3′将根据如下公式,对输出电压U2进行影响。
U2=UFB·(R3ges+R4+R5ges)/(R4+R5ges)
其中R3ges=(R3-1+R3`-1)-1    R5ges=(R5-1+R5`-1)-1
电阻R5和R5′可稳定输出电流I2。在输出电流回路中加在电阻R5两端的电压U12可通过值-ΔU2=U12·R3ges/R4来有控制地降低输出电压U2,这样根据R3ges/R4比率和U12即可对电流变化ΔI2进行补偿。连接电缆2之内的电阻R5`即可根据U12=I2·(R5-1+R5`-1)-1对控制电压U12进行影响。
当电源装置被构造成没有电池单元(在图2中没有点2和4)的一个太阳能电池组时,其可专用于小型设备的电源,其中的小型设备中可以允许光照条件的波动所引起的短期和中期波动。例如上述电源装置可用于运行测量装置、便携式盒式或者CD播放机、移动电话,上述各种装置具都有一个内部能量存储装置并且甚至可以用低充电电流进行充电。
在图3所示的实施例中,具有一个代替太阳能电池组3的市电电源变压器装置24,上述主电源变压器装置24可提供一个大致稳定的电压U1。
图4示出了适配器电缆2内的一例特定回路布置。它是一个来源于CMOS-逆变器/施密特(Schmitt)触发器IC1的再生电路并产生一个频率为f∝(R6C1)-1的脉动输出电压。IC1的输出通过电阻R1对电压检测器26进行控制并由此控制电压转换器25。
图6解释了转动夹31的功能,其中转动夹在其上部位置被固定从而进行安装,在其下部位置B可向后方偏转45度从而对能量站1进行倾斜定位。
标号
1.能量站
2.适配器电缆
3.太阳能电池组
4.电池
5.能量站中的电子元件
6.板子
7.通风间隙
8.腔体
9.固定夹
10.容器
11.连接器
12.连接器插孔
13.适配器电缆内的编程元件
14.适配器电缆内的电子板
15.能量站电缆
16.插头
17.能量站电缆连接器
18.插头
19.塑料
22.充电控制装置
24.变压器装置
25.电压转换器
26.电压检测器
29.电桥
30.用电装置
31.转动夹

Claims (10)

1.一种用于多种不同小型电子装置的通用电源装置,该通用电源装置包括一个能量站(1)和至少一个适配器电缆(2),上述能量站(1)具有一个集成的电压源和一个下游的电压转换器(25)从而可以为待通电的小型装置输出可用的一个输出电压和一个输出电流,上述适配器电缆(2)具有一个小型电子装置专用的输出插头(18)从而将获得的输出值传送给给定的小型装置,其特征在于:
在小型电子装置专用的适配器电缆(2)中具有一个电子元件组(13),其用来形成不同的所述集成的电压源的电压的编程信号,该信号在适配器电缆(2)和能量站(1)耦合时可由电压转换器(25)处的一个开关控制装置(26)检测出来,并且该信号被电压转换器(25)相应地转换成一个与所述可用的输出值相匹配的设定值。
2.如权利要求1所述的通用电源装置,其特征在于:开关控制装置(26)可由适配器电缆(2)内的元件组(13)的一个电阻电桥(29)触发。
3.如权利要求1所述的通用电源装置,其特征在于:元件组(13)可相应于能量站(1)输出功率的设定自由编程。
4.如权利要求1所述的通用电源装置,其特征在于:集成的电压源由市电电源供电。
5.如权利要求1所述的通用电源装置,其特征在于:集成的电压源由一个太阳能电池组(3)进行供电。
6.如权利要求5所述的通用电源装置,其特征在于:将一个可充电的电池组(4)用作中间存储装置,从而利用太阳能产生的电流进行供电。
7.如权利要求1所述的通用电源装置,其特征在于:具有将多个电源装置进行并联的条状连接器(11)。
8.如权利要求1所述的通用电源装置,其特征在于:能量站(1)的尺寸为一个信用卡的大小。
9.如权利要求5所述的通用电源装置,其特征在于:在利用太阳能电池组件的情况下有一个腔体,该腔体具有一个用于将太阳能电池组(3)与一个光源方向对准的定位装置。
10.如权利要求9所述的通用电源装置,其特征在于:定位装置包括一个固定夹(9),该固定夹(9)可以相对于腔体进行转动从而将电池组件固定在用户的衣服之上并将电池组件竖立在一个刚性支架上。
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