CN1244706C

CN1244706C - Method and device for metal piece heat treatment

Info

Publication number: CN1244706C
Application number: CN 01134700
Authority: CN
Inventors: 沃尔夫冈·彼得; 扬·威廉·鲍曼; 贝恩·伊登霍弗
Original assignee: Ipsen International GmbH
Current assignee: Ipsen International GmbH
Priority date: 2001-11-13
Filing date: 2001-11-13
Publication date: 2006-03-08
Anticipated expiration: 2021-11-13
Also published as: CN1418971A

Abstract

The existing heat treatment (20) method and a device for metal workpieces have the defects that the uniformity is insufficient during quenching by gases, and the cooling with deformation stress is frequently generated. The present invention provides a heat treatment method and a device for metal workpieces (20), which can realize gas quenching without deformation to the long and thin or protuberant workpieces (20) of a stacking form. The workpieces can be circulated by quenching gases in purpose by a guide channel (30) which is provided with a closed casing surface and can wrap the workpieces along the airflow direction of the quenching gases in a quenching chamber (10) after the heating is carried out in advance according to the method. In addition, the present invention also provides a device which can carry out with heat treatment to the metal workpieces by the quenching chamber (10), and the workpieces (20) can be cooled by the quenching gases in the device. The device is characterized in that the device is provided with the guide channel (30) for circulating the workpieces (20) in purpose by the quenching gases; the guide channel (30) is provided with a closed casing surface and can wrap the workpieces (20) along the airflow direction of the quenching gases.

Description

Metal works heat-treating methods and device

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of metal works, particularly elongated or projection is piled up the heat treating method of the metal works of form, after the heating workpiece is being cooled off with quenching gas in quenching chamber in advance.The invention still further relates to a kind of device that can implement described method.

Background of invention

In order to produce certain workpiece characteristic,, need heat-treat workpiece as higher hardness or enough abrasive wear resistances.Heat treated result is the change of workpiece material structure, and the face-centered cube γ lattice of for example high carbon austenitic thin layer changes over the body-centered cube α lattice of ferrite thin layer.Except temperature and original structure, what result was had special influence is the speed of cooling of workpiece of heating, and the kind of the quenchant that for this reason adopts.Enumerate by the order that speed of cooling rises, the quenchant of employing mainly contains gas, oil or water.

In order with gas quenching the time, to reach and to be bordering on identical quenching intensity with oil or water, the gas velocity of having relatively high expectations.Disclose for this reason, the design nozzle, thereby use can access corresponding high gas velocity and obtain enough substantially 1000W/m that is higher than ²The thermal transition coefficient of K.For example EPO 796 920A1 disclose a kind of device that is provided with nozzle that metal works quenches that is used for.This have one by nozzle, the changeable type nozzle plate is formed the layout of the device of nozzle region or swing rotatable by the bar grid of a nozzle plate and/or a carrying workpiece, though can make nozzle region and workpiece relative movement, thereby and impact workpiece quite equably, but shortcoming is to occur air-flow diffusion and turbulent flow on workpiece.This causes workpiece surface to cool off unevenly, thereby tension force occurs, and the possibility of result can be out of shape even rupture.At first be longilineal workpiece, axle for example, the assembly that perhaps this projection is piled up, for example roll carrier ring or gear unit, the distortion meeting especially obviously and since mostly very for a short time these workpiece that make of tolerance become not satisfied waste product from economic angle.

In order systematically to control air-flow, runners is disclosed in the prior art, even for example can also can be subjected to the quenching gas impact to the workpiece surface that is in the air-flow dead angle with this guide plate; But this measure is also unsatisfactory.Except the cost that guide plate is adjusted accordingly by the geometrical shape of each workpiece was higher, guide plate did not prevent to occur when air-flow from touching workpiece eddy current, and this damages the cooling of a collection of adjacent workpieces, thereby and caused distortion.

Summary of the invention

Task of the present invention provides a kind of metal works heat-treating methods and device, and that uses also can carry out indeformable gas quenching to the metal works that elongated or projection are piled up form.

This task so solves according to invention with feature as described in the preamble: by means of the sealing case surface being arranged and on purpose using quenching gas circulation workpiece along the guide channel that the air flow line of quenching gas holds workpiece.

A kind of like this characteristics of method are, as long as each workpiece or a collection of refrigerative workpiece of wanting that will pile up are mutually separated each other by guide channel, just can reach and utilize quenching gas that workpiece is not had to be out of shape to cool off.Be parallel to the air-flow of the whole workpiece surface of axis of workpiece circulation because in guide channel, form in this way, and be not subjected to the influence of adjacent workpieces and cooled off uniformly.

If before heating, cover each or the workpiece that will pile up mutually suits with guide channel.In this way guide channel and workpiece are heat-treated together.Though this measure requires to make guide channel with suitable heat-stable material, have such advantage: guide channel can seal workpiece when workpiece is also cold, puts in the conventional quenching chamber, perhaps just in heat treatment furnace workpiece is quenched.

Selectively guide channel is positioned on the workpiece that is arranged in each or the prior heating of piling up mutually in the quenching chamber, to avoid the overslaugh heated parts.Here, superior especially is, in quenching chamber guide channel electrically, hydraulically or pneumatically from one or both sides preferably from above and/or under drive on the workpiece, thereby in the finite space of quenching chamber, also can guarantee to turn round smoothly.

In order to solve above-mentioned task, a kind of device of metal works being heat-treated with quenching chamber is proposed in addition, in quenching chamber, cool off workpiece with quenching gas, this device is characterised in that, be provided with guide channel on purpose using quenching gas circulation workpiece, guide channel has the case surface of sealing and holds workpiece along the air flow line of quenching gas.

The device of Gou Chenging can be implemented the method according to this invention in this manner.Because the guide channel shell face of sealing, workpiece is subjected to comprehensively holding and separates with the adjacent workpieces that will cool off batch of material along the air flow line of quenching gas.The result is, occurs air-flow stratified to a great extent, that not influenced by adjacent workpieces in guide channel, and described air-flow is cooling work strongly and equably.

If the length of guide channel is corresponding with the height of each or the workpiece that will pile up mutually at least, is superior especially.Because the quenching gas eddy current that occurs inevitably at airflow collision obtains guiding in this way, thereby reduced the influence of adjacent workpieces circulation effect on workpiece.Usefully especially on this angle be, the length of guide channel is definite like this, makes the height of each or the workpiece that will pile up mutually surpass half diameter or the width of workpiece.

In another preferred embodiment according to device of the present invention, the shape of guide channel is a cylinder, circle, rectangle or polygonal cross section are preferably arranged, perhaps be complementary with the geometrical shape of being cooled off workpiece, so that be convenient to low processing cost on the one hand, the high gas flow speed of determining by the narrow distance between guide channel inner face and workpiece guarantees strong quenching on the other hand.

Operating easily on the angle, guide channel is connected to each other to a channel system suits, thereby can be placed on guide channel integral body on each or the workpiece that will pile up.If preferably expand according to of the present invention another, the quenching chamber arrangement preferably electronic, hydraulic or air operated can the mobile guide passage device, for example can be from dropping to the channel system on the workpiece, this can play effect especially.Be removable preferably, to guarantee to adapt to the geometrical shape of different workpiece at this guide channel.

Also propose in expansion of the present invention, quenching chamber has the inlet of a quenching gas, and this mouth pastes hermetically and is placed on the guide channel, and its advantage is: the air-flow of transporting to quenching chamber only flows in the guide channel, and without between workpiece or each guide channel.Drop to the amount of circulation minimumly in this way in addition, the result keeps high gas velocity, thereby obtains high quenching intensity.Propose at last, form guide channel, preferably form, in order for example before heat treatment of workpieces, just it to be held with steel, iron or nickelalloy with a kind of heat-stable material.

The accompanying drawing summary

The details of theme of the present invention and other advantage are provided by following description of a preferred embodiment.In each accompanying drawing:

The quenching chamber synoptic diagram of a data feedback channel system of Fig. 1;

The synoptic diagram of Fig. 2 quenching chamber channel system decline shown in Figure 1 on workpiece;

The diagrammatic side view of the channel system shown in Figure 2 that Fig. 3 is made up of interconnective passage;

The vertical view of the channel system that Fig. 3 a is shown in Figure 3;

Fig. 4 is one, is placed on the side-view of the guide channel on the workpiece; And

The vertical view of Fig. 4 a guide channel shown in Figure 4.

Symbol table:

10 quenching chambers, 11 grids, 12 motors, 13 air blasts, 14 gas passages, 15 valve, 16 heat exchangers

20 workpiece, 30 guide channels, 31 channel systems, 32 hollow cylinders, 33 hollow cylinders, 35 entrance a distances

Embodiment describes in detail

Quenching chamber 10 illustrated in figures 1 and 2 is the parts that are used for the device of heat-treated metal workpiece 20, and for example is arranged in the end of a roller hearth furnace.Quenching chamber can constitute like this, makes it also can to turn round in atmosphere or in the high pressure in a vacuum.The carrying grid 11 of the workpiece 20 of heating postcooling is in advance arranged in quenching chamber 10, described grid make can be in quenching chamber 10 circulating quenching gas vertically.For circulating quenching gas is arranged a gas blower 13 that drives with motor 12 below grid 11.Outside quenching chamber 10, gas passage 14 is passed through in quenching gas guiding of the flow direction shown in the arrow in Fig. 1 and 2.Top and the following arrangement valve 15 of this external quenching chamber 10, when gas blower 13 reached its required revolution, described valve stoped the circulation of quenching gas.

When valve 15 is opened, obtain a kind of circulation, wherein quenching gas enters quenching chamber 10 and flows back to gas blower 13 through workpiece 20 with by the heat exchanger 16 that flow direction is arranged in gas blower 13 fronts by gas passage 14 from gas blower 13, and heat exchanger cools off quenching gas again.

In order to reach the circulation that workpiece 20 is had target, be provided with the guide channel made from heat-stable material 30, it has the shell face of sealing and holds workpiece 20 along the flow direction of quenching gas.Guide channel 30 can constitute by channel system 31 a kind of association, the grid sample at this, thus guide channel 30 is interconnected, shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 3 a.Selectively guide channel 30 can also constitute one open tubular column 32,33, for example has circular or the orthogonal cross section.Such structure formation in Fig. 4 and Fig. 4 a as can be seen.The length of guide channel 30 is to determine like this, and the height of one or the workpiece 20 that will pile up is surpassed apart from a, as Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 finding.Here the radius or the width that are equivalent to workpiece 20 apart from a.

Guide channel 30 can or be placed on the workpiece 20 before workpiece is put into quenching chamber 10, for example at when filling with substance, also can be placed on the workpiece after workpiece is put into quenching chamber 10.The latter sees Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.The guide channel 30 that constitutes as the channel system that is associated 31 is arranged in the quenching chamber 10 by means of hydro-cylinder 34 adjustable-heights ground in the case, shown in the double-headed arrow in passing through Fig. 1 and 2.Can after workpiece 20 being put in the quenching chamber 10, be placed on channel system 31 on the workpiece 20 in this way from top.In order to carry out the charging of the workpiece of different geometries, channel system 31 is to be fixed on the hydro-cylinder 34 with changing here.In addition, be provided with an inlet 35 on the top of quenching chamber 10, it is the sealing of the internal space of 31 pairs of quenching chambers 10 of channel system, thereby the round-robin quenching gas only flows through guide channel 30 in quenching chamber 10, and not by-pass flow outside the workpiece charging.

Said apparatus is specially adapted to the workpiece 20 of the piled up form of elongated shape or projection, and axle or pile up mutually for example is effectively with the quenching of no shifting ground.On reason, be the high gas flow speed that works by guide channel 30 and the laminar flow of quenching gas for this reason.Also guaranteed to be convenient to the technology controlling and process of operating and being in order by the Height Adjustable arrangement of channel system 31.Be not only by the different guide channels 30 that constitute are set, also have the possibility of mainly arranging replaceable channel system 31 for this purpose, just can reach adaptation, and not need expensive repacking work various workpiece shapes and size.

Claims

1. the method for the metal works (20) of thermal treatment piled up form elongated or projection is wherein being cooled off workpiece (20) in quenching chamber (10) after the heating in advance with quenching gas.It is characterized in that workpiece (20) targetedly is subjected to the circulation of quenching gas by means of the guide channel (30) with sealing case surface that holds workpiece (20) with flow direction along quenching gas.

2. the described method of claim 1 is characterized in that, before heating, be placed on guide channel (30) single or the workpiece (20) that piles up mutually on.

3. the described method of claim 1 is characterized in that, guide channel (30) is arranged in quenching chamber (10) on the workpiece (20) of single or the prior heating of piling up mutually.

4. the described method of claim 2 is characterized in that, guide channel (30) drives on the workpiece (20) from a side or both sides in quenching chamber (10).

5. the described method of claim 4 is characterized in that, guide channel (30) in quenching chamber (10) from above and/or under drive on the workpiece (20).

6. be used to implement the device of the heat-treated metal workpiece (20) of the described method of claim 1, have a quenching chamber (10), workpiece (20) with the quenching gas cooling, is characterized in that therein,

In order targetedly to use quenching gas circulation workpiece (20) to be provided with guide channel (30), they have the case surface of a sealing and hold workpiece (20) along the air flow line of quenching gas.

7. the described device of claim 6 is characterized in that, the length of guide channel (30) is equivalent to one at least or will piles up the height of workpiece (20) mutually.

8. the described device of claim 7 is characterized in that, the length of guide channel (30) surpass one or the height that will pile up workpiece (20) mutually to surpass the radius or the width of workpiece (20).

9. the described device of claim 8 is characterized in that, the shape of guide channel (30) is cylindricality or adapts to the geometrical shape of wanting refrigerative workpiece (20).

10. the described device of claim 9 is characterized in that, guide channel (30) have circle (32), orthogonal (33) or polygonal cross section.

11. the described device of claim 6 is characterized in that, guide channel (30) is interconnected to a channel system (31).

12. the described device of claim 6 is characterized in that, guide channel (30) is preferably electronic, hydraulic pressure or pneumatic being arranged in movingly in the quenching chamber (10).

13. the described device of claim 12 is characterized in that, guide channel (30) is removable.

14. the described device of claim 6 is characterized in that, quenching chamber (10) has the inlet (35) of a quenching gas, and it is connected on the guide channel (30) hermetically.

15. the described device of claim 6 is characterized in that, guide channel (30) is made up of a kind of heat-stable material, preferably forms with steel, iron or nickelalloy.