CN1243236C - Method for detecting solid explosive particles - Google Patents
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Abstract
A method for detecting solid explosive particles belongs to the detection technology of trace explosives. The method utilizes the physical characteristics that different solid explosives have different melting points and evaporation points, adopts an electric heating method, and carries out a series of temperature control such as critical constant temperature, step temperature rise, cyclic temperature control, step temperature rise again and the like near the melting points or the evaporation points of the solid explosives, so that explosive particles falling on a sample table are melted or evaporated, and phase change heat absorption is generated. The temperature change of the sample table near a certain characteristic point is measured by adopting a temperature sensitive element, so that whether explosive particles exist on the sample table or not can be judged, and the type of the explosive particles can be identified. The invention can complete the detection of various explosive particles in a large-scale temperature rise process, and has simple principle and easy realization. After the technology is mature, a new light small-sized explosive detector product can be formed, has the characteristics of small volume, light weight, low cost, portability, use and the like, and can be flexibly used for detecting explosives in various public places.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to trace explosive detection technical field, particularly a kind ofly be applied to public places such as airport, harbour, station carry out noncontact, not damaged safety inspection to personnel and luggage etc. a kind of method that detects solid-state explosive particle.
Background technology
The Detection Techniques of explosive can be divided into body Detection Techniques and trace Detection Techniques two big classes basically.Traditional metal detection method, x-ray method, thermal neutron activation method etc. all belong to the body Detection Techniques, can directly be used for surveying the explosive of bulk.
Wherein, the metal detection method can only detect the suspicious item that has metal device, for assert that explosive release provides information, can check human body.The detection principle of x-ray method and metal detection method are similar, but owing to there is the radiation safety problem, therefore can only check luggage.For the slurry explosives that the terrorist often uses, metal detection method and x-ray method are all powerless.
The thermal neutron activation method is a kind of method of direct explosive detection composition, and accuracy is higher, can be used for surveying slurry explosives, owing to also there is the radiation safety problem, therefore can not be used for the human body inspection, can only survey whether containing explosive in the luggage.
Another kind of Detection Techniques are trace Detection Techniques, and it is according to being: around explosive, always exist the explosive particle or the explosive molecule of trace, if can detect these explosive particles or molecule, and near the explosive will helping to find fast.Its detection means mainly contains spectral analysis, police dog inspection, " Electronic Nose " (chemical sensor), ion mobility spectrometry analysis etc.
Wherein spectrographic method is comparatively accurate, but all there are the shortcoming that volume is big, equipment is heavy in X-ray apparatus in spectrometer and the body Detection Techniques and thermal neutron activating apparatus, can not be used for various public places neatly, and equipment price are very high.Police dog has a sharp sense of smell, but notice is often concentrated inadequately, and tired easily, can not long time continuous working." Electronic Nose " belongs to chemical sensor, and its sensitivity is also higher, but selectivity and stability are still waiting to improve.The ion mobility spectrometry analysis mainly is to discern whether contain explosive in the sample by the gaseous ion mobility of measuring sample, and its sensitivity is very high, but this apparatus costs an arm and a leg.
In addition, a kind of new method of utilizing the deflagration phenomenon detection trace explosive of explosive particle has abroad also been proposed, its principle is: the sampling Infrared Heating, make the TNT particulate generation detonation reaction that might drop on the silicon cantilever, cause silicon cantilever distortion and vibration, detect by the displacement deformation of optical means then, and then judge whether TNT is arranged on the silicon cantilever silicon cantilever.This technology still is in laboratory stage at present, does not develop experimental prototype as yet.
Summary of the invention
According to the deficiencies in the prior art, the objective of the invention is to propose a kind of method of the new solid-state explosive particle of detection, utilize different solid-state explosive particles to have different fusing points and this physical characteristics of evaporating point, adopt electrical heating and accurate temperature controlling, make the explosive particle fusion or the evaporation that may drop on the sample stage.In its fusion or evaporative phase-change process, can absorb certain heat, get final product the kind that on the judgement sample platform whether explosive particle is arranged and identify explosive particle near the temperature variation certain characteristic temperature point by adopting temperature-sensing element (device) measuring samples platform from sample stage.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of method that detects solid-state explosive particle, it is characterized in that: this method utilizes different solid-state explosive particles to have different fusing points and this characteristic of evaporating point, heat by sample being carried out accurate temperature controlling, and adopt temperature-sensing element (device) to measure the kind that the caused temperature variation of heat absorption is come the detection and Identification explosive particle in explosive particle fusion and the evaporation process;
This detection method relates to critical constant temperature, step heating, loop temperature-control, step heating, signal determining step once more, needs the serviceability temperature sensitive element in this several steps, and its effect is:
1) provide accurate control heating-up temperature required temperature feedback signal in critical constant temperature stage and loop temperature-control stage;
2) in twice step heating stage output explosive particle fusion and evaporation process, absorb heat caused temperature variation signal for detection and Identification;
The method concrete steps that detect solid-state explosive particle are as follows:
1) adopt micro-electronic mechanical system technique to make two minute sample platforms, be referred to as target sample platform and reference sample stage respectively, require these two sample stage to have very little physical dimension and very little thermal capacity, can respond and have higher sensitivity fast small temperature variation; On target sample platform and reference sample stage, all be manufactured with heating element and temperature element, the material of two sample stage and physical dimension are not only identical, and their heating element, temperature element are also identical aspect material and size, and these two sample stage can be counted as the other side's duplicate;
The sample that may contain solid-state explosive particle that 2) will collect is that sample delivery is to the target sample platform, on the reference sample stage, there is not sample, it is only as the usefulness of reference, output signal to the temperature element on target sample platform and the reference sample stage is carried out difference, and the gained differential signal is as the foundation that judges whether to exist explosive particle and the affiliated kind of explosive particle;
3) according to fusing point or evaporating point putting in order from low to high, carry out the detection of various explosives one by one, program is as follows:
3.1) be identifying object with certain low melting point or evaporating point explosive particle earlier, and with its fusing point or evaporating point temperature value as critical temperature controlling point, with modal explosive composition TNT TNT is example, and its fusing point is 80 ℃, therefore with 80 ℃ as a critical temperature controlling point;
3.2) the critical constant temperature stage: to the heating of switching on synchronously of the heating element on target sample platform and the reference sample stage, under the FEEDBACK CONTROL of temperature element, the temperature of two sample stage is heated to a little less than certain temperature value below the critical point temperature, and keeps constant temperature a period of time;
Fusing point is that 80 ℃ TNT TNT gets 79 ℃ of critical constant temperature points, after being heated to 79 ℃, kept constant temperature 30～60 seconds, make the fusing point that is adsorbed on the target sample platform fully melt at other materials below 79 ℃ and 79 ℃, in this moment sample if TNT TNT arranged, because and the melting temperature of no show TNT TNT, so TNT TNT does not fuse; Temperature rise period before critical constant temperature and arrive 79 ℃ after the constant temperature stage, the additional signal that in the output signal of temperature element, does not have TNT TNT fusion heat absorption to produce, thereby only feed back as temperature control in the output signal of this stage temperature element, as the foundation of detect judging, this stage heats up and the fundamental purpose of constant temperature is to get rid of the interference that other materials fusion heat absorptions that fusing point is lower than TNT TNT fusing point cause;
After the stable output signal of temperature element, can think that fusing point other materials below critical point temperature have fully melted and reached thermal equilibrium, this moment in the critical constant temperature stage finishes, and can enter next stage is the step heating stage;
3.3) the step heating stage: equivalent increases the heating power of target sample platform and reference sample stage synchronously, realize by the voltage or the electric current that increase heating element on two sample stage, require the increment of heating power to make the temperature of reference sample stage in a very little time interval, rise to rapidly, and keep a period of time a little more than certain temperature value more than the critical point temperature;
Fusing point is that 80 ℃ TNT TNT is under new heating power, require the reference sample stage to be heated to 81 ℃ rapidly, and keep about 30 seconds, because the target sample platform is also heated synchronously, be placed on this moment in the sample on the target sample platform if contain TNT TNT particulate, then TNT TNT particulate will begin fusion and produce phase transformation, until whole fusings, in this process, will absorb heat, and make the target sample platform heat up slowly from the target sample platform;
After TNT TNT melts fully, the temperature of target sample platform finally also will rise to 81 ℃; Output signal to temperature element on whole step heating phase targets sample stage and the reference sample stage is carried out difference, and the gained differential signal will be as the main foundation that whether contains TNT in the sample of judging the target sample platform; Differential signal has three kinds of situations, that is:
A) differential signal is very little, near fluctuation up and down null value, and its mean value approaches zero:
Illustrate not collect any sample on the target sample platform, because material, structure, the size of target sample platform and reference sample stage are identical, so both heat up synchronously, thereby differential signal is very little, near fluctuation up and down null value, and its mean value approaches zero;
B) differential signal is higher than all the time or is lower than null value all the time and signal is bigger:
Illustrating has the material of fusing point between 79 ℃～81 ℃ that the fusion reaction has taken place on the target sample platform, this heat that absorbs because of phase transformation is bigger usually, make the target sample platform heat up slowly, thereby differential signal is bigger, this shows and very likely contains TNT TNT in the sample;
C) differential signal is higher than all the time or is lower than null value all the time but signal is less:
Illustrate and exist fusing point to be higher than 81 ℃ or be lower than other materials of 79 ℃ on the target sample platform; Be higher than 81 ℃ material for fusing point, because at step heating stage and its fusing point of no show, so it does not fuse, and can not occur causing absorbing heat from the target sample platform too much because of phase transformation;
Be lower than 79 ℃ material for fusing point, because it is just fully fusing before step heating, therefore can not undergo phase transition heat absorption yet, but the existence of this two classes material has increased the quality of target sample platform and total thermal capacity, thereby reduced the heating rate of this sample stage, but because the amplitude that the step heating phase temperature rises is very little, have only 2 ℃, therefore the heat of this two classes material additional absorbent seldom, make that the heating rate of target sample platform is a little less than the reference sample stage, therefore differential signal is less, but differential signal can be higher than or be lower than all the time null value all the time;
Though B) differential signal of situation is greater than C) differential signal of situation, but may be difficult to determine the separation of these two kinds of differential signals in actual applications, therefore the output signal that only obtains with step heating is difficult to judge whether contain explosive particle in the sample, need repeat the step heating stage again one time, the difference of differential signal in twice step heating process relatively then, as judging the positive evidence that whether contains explosive particle in the sample, for this reason, will be introduced into a loop temperature-control stage below;
3.4) loop temperature-control: equivalent reduces the heating power of target sample platform and reference sample stage synchronously, the temperature of two sample stage is reduced to the critical constant temperature point temperature in critical constant temperature stage, for detecting TNT, this constant temperature point is 79 ℃, therefore the temperature of target sample platform and reference sample stage need be reduced to 79 ℃ once more, and then enter the step heating stage for the second time;
3.5) step heating once more: the process of step heating promptly repeats one time 3.3 with step heating is identical for the first time again for the second time) step heating stage of step; The basis of step heating is that Evaporation Phenomenon appears in explosive particles such as TNT in fusion process once more, therefore in the sample if explosive particle is arranged, experience for the first time after the step heating process its quality can reduce, thereby the heat that its absorbs in second time step heating process can obviously reduce;
Do not have only fusing point to be higher or lower than other materials of critical point temperature if having explosive particle in the sample, then for the second time the curve of step heating with step heating is basic identical for the first time, therefore, by the difference of differential output signal in twice step heating process of comparison, can judge whether contain explosive particle in the sample;
3.6) the signal judgement: contrast the differential output signal in the step heating process twice, can do as judging:
A) if twice differential signal is all very little, near all fluctuations up and down null value, its mean value approaches zero, does not collect any sample on this explanation target sample platform;
B) if differential signal is bigger for the first time, differential signal is less for the second time, illustrates to collect first kind of explosive particle;
C), but all be higher than all the time or be lower than null value all the time if twice differential signal is all less, and very approaching between this twice differential signal, and this explanation does not collect first kind of explosive particle, but collects other materials that fusing point is higher or lower than this kind explosive particle;
3.7) through step 3.1)～3.6) afterwards, the detection of first kind of explosive particle is finished substantially, will begin the second kind of explosive particle that whether exists fusing point to be higher than first kind of explosive particle in the sample verified this moment;
With another kind of explosive hexogen RDX is example, hexogen RDX fusing point is 204 ℃, and therefore critical constant temperature is put desirable 203 ℃, and the steady temperature after the step heating is got 205 ℃, repeating step 3.1 again)～3.6), can finish whether containing the checking of hexogen particulate in the sample;
After finishing the checking of second kind of explosive particle, order is descended the checking of the higher explosive particle of a kind of fusing point, the rest may be inferred, can finish detection to multiple explosive particle according to this method in a big way temperature-rise period once;
4) in the process described step 3.1)～3.7), the fusing point of TNT and hexogen is as critical temperature controlling point, and this detection method comprises that also the evaporating point that adopts explosive particle is as critical temperature controlling point;
5) a series of critical temperature controlling point setting described step 3.1)～3.7), critical constant temperature, for the first time step heating, differential signal sampling, loop temperature-control, the order of step heating, differential signal contrast and judgement, multiple explosive detection process carries out etc. all finishing automatically by system controlled by computer for the second time.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the invention belongs to trace explosive detection technology, can finish the detection to multiple explosive particle in a big way temperature-rise period once, its principle is simple, is easy to realize.Can form a kind of new small-sized explosive detection device product after the technology maturation, have characteristics such as volume is little, in light weight, cost is low, can portablely use, can be used for the explosive detection of various public places such as airport, harbour, station neatly.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the technology path block scheme that detects solid-state explosive particle method
Embodiment
The technology path step that detects solid-state explosive particle method among Fig. 1 is:
1. the fusing point of various common solid-state explosives or evaporating point temperature are carried out from low to high series arrangement, set a series of critical temperature point Ti (i=1 according to these temperature values ... N).
2. get the fusing point of first kind of explosive or evaporating point temperature as first critical temperature point, i.e. i=1.
3. critical constant temperature: target sample platform and reference sample stage are heated to a little less than certain temperature value (Ti-1) of critical temperature point ℃, and constant temperature a period of time.
4. step heating: target sample platform and reference sample stage are heated to a little more than certain temperature value (Ti+1) of critical temperature point ℃;
Read the differential signal first time between target sample platform and the reference sample stage.
5. loop temperature-control: the temperature value of (Ti-1) ℃ when target sample platform and reference sample stage are cooled to critical constant temperature, repeat the step heating process once more after waiting output stable, two sample stage are heated to temperature value (Ti+1) ℃ after the step heating for the first time;
Read the differential signal second time between target sample platform and the reference sample stage;
With the differential signal contrast first time, judged whether i kind explosive.
6. take off the fusing point of a kind of explosive i=2 or evaporating point temperature T 2 as second critical temperature point.
7. repeat processes such as critical constant temperature, step heating, loop temperature-control, finish to second kind until detection to N kind explosive, promptly finish detection to all the other various common explosives.
The realization embodiments of the invention are as follows:
1) adopt micro-electronic mechanical system technique to make two minute sample platforms, be referred to as target sample platform and reference sample stage respectively, require these two sample stage to have very little physical dimension and very little thermal capacity, can respond and have higher sensitivity fast small temperature variation.
On target sample platform and reference sample stage, all be manufactured with heating element and temperature element, the material of two sample stage and physical dimension are not only identical, and their heating element, temperature element are also identical aspect material and size, and these two sample stage can be counted as the other side's " duplicate ".
The sample that may contain solid-state explosive particle (sample) that 2) will collect is transported on the target sample platform, does not have sample on the reference sample stage, and it is only as the usefulness of reference; Output signal to the temperature element on target sample platform and the reference sample stage is carried out difference, and the gained differential signal is as the foundation that judges whether to exist explosive particle and the affiliated kind of explosive particle.
3) according to fusing point or evaporating point putting in order from low to high, carry out the detection of various explosives one by one, program is as follows:
3.1) be identifying object earlier with certain low melting point (or evaporating point) explosive particle, and with its fusing point (or evaporating point) temperature value as critical temperature controlling point; With modal explosive composition TNT (TNT) is example, and its fusing point is 80 ℃, therefore with 80 ℃ as a critical temperature controlling point.
3.2) the critical constant temperature stage: to the heating of switching on synchronously of the heating element on target sample platform and the reference sample stage, under the FEEDBACK CONTROL of temperature element, the temperature of two sample stage is heated to a little less than certain temperature value below the critical point temperature, and keeps constant temperature a period of time.
With fusing point is that 80 ℃ TNT TNT is an example, gets 79 ℃ of critical constant temperature points, be heated to 79 ℃ after, kept constant temperature 30～60 seconds, make the fusing point that is adsorbed on the target sample platform fully melt at other materials below 79 ℃ and 79 ℃; In this moment sample if TNT TNT arranged because and the melting temperature of no show TNT TNT, so TNT TNT does not fuse; Therefore, temperature rise period before critical constant temperature and arrive 79 ℃ after the constant temperature stage, in the output signal of temperature element, do not have TNT TNT to fuse the additional signal that heat absorption produces, thereby only feed back, the foundation of judging as detection as temperature control in the output signal of this stage temperature element; This stage heats up and the fundamental purpose of constant temperature is to get rid of the interference that other materials fusion heat absorptions that fusing point is lower than TNT TNT fusing point cause; After the stable output signal of temperature element, can think that fusing point other materials below critical point temperature have fully melted and reached thermal equilibrium, this moment in the critical constant temperature stage finishes, and can enter next stage, i.e. the step heating stage.
3.3) the step heating stage: equivalent increases the heating power (realizing by the voltage or the electric current that increase heating element on two sample stage) of target sample platform and reference sample stage synchronously, require the increment of heating power to make the temperature of reference sample stage in a very little time interval, rise to rapidly, and keep a period of time a little more than certain temperature value more than the critical point temperature.
Still be that 80 ℃ TNT TNT is an example with fusing point, under new heating power, require the reference sample stage to be heated to 81 ℃ rapidly, and keep about 30 seconds; Because the target sample platform is also heated synchronously, be placed on this moment in the sample on the target sample platform if contain TNT TNT particulate, then the TNT particulate will begin fusion and produce phase transformation, until whole fusings, in this process, will absorb heat, and make the target sample platform heat up slowly from the target sample platform; After TNT TNT melts fully, the temperature of target sample platform finally also will rise to 81 ℃; Output signal to temperature element on whole step heating phase targets sample stage and the reference sample stage is carried out difference, and the gained differential signal will be as the main foundation that whether contains TNT in the sample of judging the target sample platform; Differential signal has three kinds of situations, that is:
A) differential signal is very little, near fluctuation up and down null value, and its mean value approaches zero:
Illustrate not collect any sample on the target sample platform, because material, structure, the size of target sample platform and reference sample stage are identical, so both heat up synchronously, thereby differential signal is very little, near fluctuation up and down null value, and its mean value approaches zero.
B) differential signal be higher than (or being lower than all the time) null value all the time and signal bigger:
Illustrating has the material of fusing point between 79 ℃～81 ℃ that the fusion reaction has taken place on the target sample platform, this heat that absorbs because of phase transformation is bigger usually, make the target sample platform heat up slowly, thereby differential signal is bigger, this shows and very likely contains TNT TNT in the sample;
C) differential signal is higher than (or being lower than all the time) null value but signal is less all the time:
Illustrate and exist fusing point to be higher than 81 ℃ or be lower than other materials of 79 ℃ on the target sample platform; Be higher than 81 ℃ material for fusing point, because at step heating stage and its fusing point of no show, so it does not fuse, and can not occur causing absorbing heat from the target sample platform too much because of phase transformation; Therefore be lower than 79 ℃ material for fusing point, owing to its just fully fusing before step heating also can not undergo phase transition heat absorption; But the existence of this two classes material has increased the quality of target sample platform and total thermal capacity, thereby has reduced the heating rate of this sample stage; But because the amplitude very little (having only 2 ℃) that the step heating phase temperature rises, therefore the heat of this two classes material additional absorbent seldom, make that the heating rate of target sample platform is a little less than the reference sample stage, therefore differential signal is less, but differential signal can be higher than (or being lower than all the time) null value all the time.
Though B) differential signal of situation is greater than C) differential signal of situation, but may be difficult to determine the separation of these two kinds of differential signals in actual applications, therefore the output signal that only obtains with step heating is difficult to judge whether contain explosive particle in the sample, need repeat the step heating stage again one time, the difference of differential signal in twice step heating process relatively then is as judging the positive evidence that whether contains explosive particle in the sample.For this reason, will be introduced into a loop temperature-control stage below.
3.4) loop temperature-control: equivalent reduces the heating power of target sample platform and reference sample stage synchronously, the temperature of two sample stage is reduced to the critical constant temperature point temperature in critical constant temperature stage, for detecting TNT, this constant temperature point is 79 ℃, therefore the temperature of target sample platform and reference sample stage need be reduced to 79 ℃ once more, and then enter the step heating stage for the second time.
3.5) step heating once more: the process of step heating promptly repeats one time 3.3 with step heating is identical for the first time again for the second time) step heating stage of step; The basis of step heating is once more, experiment is found, Evaporation Phenomenon appears in explosive particles such as TNT in fusion process, therefore in the sample if explosive particle is arranged, experience for the first time after the step heating process its quality can reduce, thereby the heat that its absorbs in second time step heating process can obviously reduce; Have only fusing point to be higher or lower than other materials of critical point temperature if do not have explosive particle in the sample, then for the second time the curve of step heating with step heating is basic identical for the first time; Therefore, by the difference of differential output signal in twice step heating process of comparison, can judge whether contain explosive particle in the sample.
3.6) the signal judgement: contrast the differential output signal in the step heating process twice, can do as judging:
A) if twice differential signal is all very little, near all fluctuations up and down null value, its mean value approaches zero, does not collect any sample on this explanation target sample platform.
B) if differential signal is bigger for the first time, differential signal is less for the second time, illustrates to collect first kind of explosive particle.
C) if twice differential signal is all less, but all be higher than (or being lower than all the time) null value all the time, and very approaching between this twice differential signal, this explanation does not collect first kind of explosive particle, but collects other materials that fusing point is higher or lower than this kind explosive particle.
3.7) through step 3.1)～3.6) afterwards, the detection of first kind of explosive particle is finished substantially, will begin the second kind of explosive particle that whether exists fusing point to be higher than first kind of explosive particle in the sample verified this moment; The explosive composition hexogen (RDX) commonly used with another kind is example, its fusing point is 204 ℃, and therefore critical constant temperature is put desirable 203 ℃, and the steady temperature after the step heating is got 205 ℃, repeating step 3.1 again)～3.6), can finish whether containing the checking of hexogen particulate in the sample; After finishing the checking of second kind of explosive particle, order is descended the checking of the higher explosive particle of a kind of fusing point.The rest may be inferred, can finish detection to multiple explosive particle according to this method in a big way temperature-rise period once.
4) step 3.1 is being described)～3.7) process in, illustrate with TNT and these two kinds of representative explosives of hexogen, for narrating for simplicity, the fusing point of only using TNT and hexogen is as critical temperature controlling point; Here be stressed that, in the detection method that present patent application proposed, comprise that also the evaporating point that adopts explosive particle is as critical temperature controlling point.
5) a series of critical temperature controlling point setting step 3.1)～3.7), critical constant temperature, for the first time step heating, differential signal sampling, loop temperature-control, the order of step heating, differential signal contrast and judgement, multiple explosive detection process carries out etc. all finishing automatically by system controlled by computer for the second time.
The detection method that is proposed comprises critical constant temperature, step heating, loop temperature-control, committed step such as step heating, signal judgement once more.Need the serviceability temperature sensitive element in these several committed steps, its effect is: 1) provide accurate control heating-up temperature required temperature feedback signal at critical constant temperature and loop temperature-control stage; 2) in twice step heating stage output explosive particle fusion and evaporation process, absorb heat caused temperature variation signal for detection and Identification.Adopt this detection method can in a big way temperature-rise period once, finish detection to multiple explosive particle.
The principle that proposes in the patented claim of the present invention is: according to the difference of explosive fusing point or evaporating point, utilize its fusion or evaporation heat absorption to cause the sensitive element variation of temperature, measure the conditional curve of temperature variation by temperature-sensing element (device), and compare difference with reference elements, judge according to differential signal whether explosive is arranged on the sensitive element.
Patent of the present invention has proposed very concrete technology path, comprise committed steps such as " critical constant temperature " exclusive in this patent, " step heating ", " loop temperature-control ", comprise also that in addition " various explosive fusing points and evaporating point temperature ordering ", " a series of critical temperature controlling points are set ", " the temperature variation signal of target sample platform and reference sample stage reads and difference in the step heating process ", " the differential signal contrast in twice step heating process and how to have judged whether explosive according to this signal " wait other steps.Adopt the detection method that proposes in this patent, can make full use of the physical characteristics that " different explosives has different fusing points and evaporating point " this explosive itself is had, get rid of the interference that other material fusions or evaporation heat absorption cause, the real detection that realizes certain particular explosives, and can once detect multiple explosive in a big way the temperature-rise period.
Claims (2)
1, a kind of method that detects solid-state explosive particle, it is characterized in that: this method utilizes different solid-state explosive particles to have different fusing points and this characteristic of evaporating point, heat by sample being carried out accurate temperature controlling, and adopt temperature element to measure the kind that the caused temperature variation of heat absorption is come the detection and Identification explosive particle in explosive particle fusion and the evaporation process;
This detection method relates to critical constant temperature, step heating, loop temperature-control, step heating, signal determining step once more, needs to use temperature element in this several steps, and its effect is:
1) critical constant temperature and loop temperature-control stage provide accurate control heating-up temperature required temperature feedback signal;
2) in twice step heating stage output explosive particle fusion and evaporation process, absorb heat caused temperature variation signal for detection and Identification;
The method concrete steps that detect solid-state explosive particle are as follows:
1) adopt micro-electronic mechanical system technique to make two minute sample platforms, be referred to as target sample platform and reference sample stage respectively, require these two sample stage to have very little physical dimension and very little thermal capacity, can respond and have higher sensitivity fast small temperature variation; On target sample platform and reference sample stage, all be manufactured with heating element and temperature element, the material of two sample stage and physical dimension are not only identical, and their heating element, temperature element are also identical aspect material and size, and these two sample stage are counted as the other side's duplicate;
The sample delivery that may contain solid-state explosive particle that 2) will collect is to the target sample platform, on the reference sample stage, there is not sample, it is only as the usefulness of reference, output signal to the temperature element on target sample platform and the reference sample stage is carried out difference, and the conduct of gained differential signal judges whether to exist the foundation of explosive particle and the affiliated kind of explosive particle:
3) according to fusing point putting in order from low to high, carry out the detection of various explosives one by one, program is as follows:
3.1) be identifying object earlier with certain low-melting first kind of explosive particle, and with its melting temperature value as critical point temperature T1 ℃;
3.2) the critical constant temperature stage: to the heating of switching on synchronously of the heating element on target sample platform and the reference sample stage, under the FEEDBACK CONTROL of temperature element, the temperature of two sample stage is heated to a little less than certain the temperature value T11 below the critical point temperature ℃, as critical constant temperature point, and kept constant temperature 30～60 seconds; Make the fusing point that is adsorbed on the target sample platform fully melt at other materials below T11 ℃ and T11 ℃, in this moment sample if first kind of explosive particle arranged, because and the melting temperature of first kind of explosive particle of no show, so first kind of explosive particle do not fuse;
Temperature rise period before critical constant temperature and arrive T11 ℃ after the constant temperature stage, the additional signal that in the output signal of temperature element, does not have first kind of explosive particle fusion heat absorption to produce, thereby only feed back as temperature control in the output signal of this stage temperature element, as the foundation of detect judging, this stage heats up and the fundamental purpose of constant temperature is to get rid of the interference that other materials fusion heat absorptions that fusing point is lower than first kind of explosive particle fusing point cause:
After the stable output signal of temperature element, think that fusing point other materials below critical point temperature have fully melted and reached thermal equilibrium, this moment in the critical constant temperature stage finishes, and enters the step heating stage:
3.3) the step heating stage: equivalent increases the heating power of target sample platform and reference sample stage synchronously, realize by the voltage or the electric current that increase heating element on two sample stage, require the increment of heating power to make the temperature of reference sample stage in a very little time interval, rise to rapidly a little more than certain the temperature value T12 more than the critical point temperature ℃, and kept 30 seconds, because the target sample platform is also heated synchronously, be placed on this moment in the sample on the target sample platform if contain first kind of explosive particle, then first kind of explosive particle will begin fusion and produce phase transformation, until whole fusings, in this process, will absorb heat, and make the target sample platform heat up slowly from the target sample platform:
After first kind of explosive particle melts fully, the temperature of target sample platform finally also will rise to T12 ℃; Output signal to temperature element on whole step heating phase targets sample stage and the reference sample stage is carried out difference, the gained differential signal will be as the main foundation that whether contains first kind of explosive particle in the sample of judging the target sample platform: differential signal has three kinds of situations, that is:
A) differential signal is very little, near fluctuation up and down null value, and its mean value approaches zero:
Illustrate not collect any sample on the target sample platform, because material, structure, the size of target sample platform and reference sample stage are identical, so both heat up synchronously, thereby differential signal is very little, near fluctuation up and down null value, and its mean value approaches zero;
B) differential signal is higher than all the time or is lower than null value all the time and signal is bigger:
Illustrating has the material of fusing point between T11 ℃～T12 ℃ that the fusion reaction has taken place on the target sample platform, this heat that absorbs because of phase transformation is bigger usually, make the target sample platform heat up slowly, thereby differential signal is bigger, this shows and very likely contains first kind of explosive particle in the sample;
C) differential signal is higher than all the time or is lower than null value all the time but signal is less:
Illustrate and exist fusing point to be higher than T12 ℃ or be lower than other materials of T11 ℃ on the target sample platform: be higher than T12 ℃ material for fusing point, because at step heating stage and its fusing point of no show, therefore it does not fuse, and can not occur causing absorbing heat from the target sample platform too much because of phase transformation:
Be lower than T11 ℃ material for fusing point, because it is just fully fusing before step heating, therefore can not undergo phase transition heat absorption yet, but the existence of this two classes material has increased the quality of target sample platform and total thermal capacity, thereby reduced the heating rate of this sample stage, but because the amplitude that the step heating phase temperature rises is very little, therefore the heat of this two classes material additional absorbent seldom, make that the heating rate of target sample platform is a little less than the reference sample stage, therefore differential signal is less, but differential signal can be higher than or be lower than all the time null value all the time;
Though B) differential signal of situation is greater than C) differential signal of situation, but may be difficult to determine the separation of these two kinds of differential signals in actual applications, therefore the output signal that only obtains with step heating is difficult to judge whether contain first kind of explosive particle in the sample, need repeat the step heating stage again one time, the difference of differential signal in twice step heating process relatively then, as judging the positive evidence that whether contains first kind of explosive particle in the sample, for this reason, will be introduced into a loop temperature-control stage below:
3.4) loop temperature-control: synchronously equivalent reduces the heating power of target sample platform and reference sample stage, and the temperature of two sample stage is reduced to T11 ℃, enters once more the step heating stage then:
3.5) step heating once more: the process of step heating and step heating are identical once more, are to repeat one time 3.3 again) step heating stage of step; The basis of step heating is that Evaporation Phenomenon appears in first kind of explosive particle in fusion process once more, therefore in the sample if first kind of explosive particle arranged, its quality can reduce after experience step heating process, thereby the heat that its absorbs in step heating process once more can obviously reduce;
Do not have only fusing point to be higher or lower than other materials of T1 ℃ if having first kind of explosive particle in the sample, then the curve of step heating and step heating are basic identical once more, therefore, by the difference of differential output signal in twice step heating process of comparison, can judge whether contain first kind of explosive particle in the sample;
3.6) the signal judgement: contrast the differential output signal in the step heating process twice, can do as judging:
A) if twice differential signal is all very little, near all fluctuations up and down null value, its mean value approaches zero, does not collect any sample on this explanation target sample platform;
B) if step heating stage differential signal is bigger, differential signal is less the step heating stage once more, illustrates to collect first kind of explosive particle;
C), but all be higher or lower than null value all the time if twice differential signal is all less, and very approaching between this twice differential signal, and this explanation does not collect first kind of explosive particle, but collects other materials that fusing point is higher or lower than this kind explosive particle;
3.7) through step 3.1)～3,6) afterwards, the detection of first kind of explosive particle is finished, will begin the second kind of explosive particle that whether exists fusing point to be higher than first kind of explosive particle in the sample verified this moment;
The fusing point of second kind of explosive particle is T2 ℃, therefore get T21 ℃ a little less than certain temperature value below the critical point temperature, certain temperature value a little more than more than the critical point temperature after the step heating is got T22 ℃, repeating step 3.1 again)～3.6), finish whether containing the checking of second kind of explosive particle in the sample;
After finishing the checking of second kind of explosive particle, order is descended the checking of the higher explosive particle of a kind of fusing point, the rest may be inferred, can finish detection to multiple explosive particle according to this method in a big way temperature-rise period once;
4) a series of critical point temperature settings described step 3.1)～3.7), critical constant temperature, step heating, differential signal sampling, loop temperature-control, the order of step heating, differential signal contrast and judgement, multiple explosive particle testing process carries out all finishing automatically by system controlled by computer once more.
2, a kind of method that detects solid-state explosive particle according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described first kind of explosive particle is TNT TNT particulate, and second kind of explosive particle is hexogen RDX.
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| CN102507361B (en) * | 2011-10-17 | 2013-08-28 | 上海交通大学 | Micro solid mode resonance explosive detector |
| CN102507362B (en) * | 2011-11-02 | 2013-08-28 | 上海交通大学 | Piezoelectric matrix micro solid mode resonant type explosive detector |
| CN107421823B (en) * | 2017-06-01 | 2021-03-30 | 北京理工大学 | Indoor environment explosion-proof performance testing device of composite flexible explosion-proof device |
| CN108918353B (en) * | 2018-05-18 | 2020-06-30 | 电子科技大学 | Method for qualitatively detecting particulate matter in atmospheric environment |
| CN110940652B (en) * | 2019-12-16 | 2022-03-22 | 北京华泰诺安探测技术有限公司 | Drug detection method |
| CN110940651B (en) * | 2019-12-16 | 2022-03-22 | 北京华泰诺安探测技术有限公司 | Method for detecting chemical explosive |
| CN114280141B (en) * | 2021-12-28 | 2023-06-27 | 电子科技大学 | Lamb wave array device and atmospheric environment particle detection method thereof |
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