CN1242467A - Equipment for converting heat energy into mechanical energy - Google Patents

Abstract

The equipment capable of converting heat energy into mechanical energy, belonging to the field of heat engine manufacture technology, is a full-closed rotor formed from rotating shaft, heat-absorbing device, conversion chamber (or no conversion chamber), blade wheel, cooling device and return channel, in which the heat-absorbing device, conversion chamber, blade wheel and cooling device are coaxial mutually, and fixedly connected in turn, and communicated and closed for exterior and formed into a full-closed integrated hollow rigid rotor. The interior of said full-closed rotor is equipped with working medium, the return channel is communicated with heat-absorbing device and cooling device, also is equipped with a return pressure pump, so that the support seat, full-closed rotor and heat source can be formed into the invented heat engine which can utilize several heat sources to work.

Description

Thermal power transfer is become the device of mechanical energy

The present invention relates to the device that a kind of thermal power transfer becomes mechanical energy, particularly the heat engine manufacturing technology.

Internal-combustion engine is the heat engine device that present maximum flow is generally used, and generally all there is following problem in they: 1. the cylinder of internal-combustion engine be the firing chamber also be the work done chamber of making the high speed pistons reciprocating.This makes any internal-combustion engine to all unusual strictnesses of the requirement of fuel; 2. because fuel is the moment burning and extinguishes that the environment of burning is extremely unstable, is unfavorable for abundant burning in cylinder.Though adopt electron controls technology can improve combustion condition, the combustion condition not as " smooth combustion " is good after all.3. the to-and-fro motion of piston in the cylinder is changed to rotatablely move into crank mechanism must be set, therefore increased structural complexity.

The present general external-combustion engine that utilizes temperature difference work, its not heat energy work of producing of the specific fuel of ad hoc requirement promptly can utilize the heat energy of various ways to be transformed into mechanical energy, and this kind characteristics are that internal-combustion engine is incomparable.But common steam turbine mainly is made up of boiler, steam turbine, condenser and waterback pump, and is bulky, weight is big, uses inconvenience, and they only at big-and-middle-sized hot machine (for example, prime mover in the thermal power plant) use in, the application on vehicular engine is restricted.

The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of device that thermal power transfer is become mechanical energy, it is to utilize the method for the thermal power transfer of full-sealed rotor dynamics and thermal engineering characteristic for mechanical energy, the present invention utilizes to have certain coriolis force that produces when the radius smaller part moves from the radius larger part in switch room or in the impeller around the working medium (working steam or working gas) of axis angular rate in the full-sealed rotor, make the radial centripetal kinergety of working medium change the rotating energy of working medium and impeller into, because impeller is fixed in the rotor, this rotating mechanical energy is again by rotor shaft output, do not have mass exchange to have only the full-sealed rotor of energy interchange to carry out the conversion of heat energy and mechanical energy thereby be implemented in one with the external world.The present invention and bearing, thermal source can constitute the thermal type heat engine.The present invention can utilize various energy resources work, no dynamic seal (packing), and structure height is integrated, and mechanical wear is little, and the life-span is long, the reliability height.

The present invention mainly comprises rotating shaft, heat absorber, impeller, working medium, cooler and return flow line composition, and can establish switch room; Heat absorber, switch room, impeller, cooler coaxially to each other and fixedly connectedly successively communicate externally totally-enclosedly constitute a totally enclosed whole hollow rigid rotor; The return flow line is communicated with heat absorber and cooler, also can establish the backflow compression pump on the return flow line; Impeller is arranged between interior heat absorber of rotor and the cooler, is provided with working medium in the full-sealed rotor.

The present invention is described in detail as follows with reference to accompanying drawing:

Fig. 1 is the structural arrangement and the internal working medium cyclic process schematic representation thereof of full-sealed rotor; Fig. 2 is the switch room cross sectional representation; Fig. 3 is not for establishing the structural arrangement and the internal working medium cyclic process schematic representation thereof of switch room rotor; Fig. 4 is the cross sectional representation of impeller 4; Fig. 5 is a heat engine system architecture schematic representation; Fig. 6 is vertical cut-away view of full-sealed rotor first embodiment; Fig. 7 is full-sealed rotor first embodiment's an A-A cut-away view; Fig. 8 is the vertical cut-away view of full-sealed rotor second embodiment; Fig. 9 is full-sealed rotor second embodiment's a B-B cut-away view; Figure 10 is the vertical cut-away view of full-sealed rotor the 3rd embodiment.

As shown in Figure 1, rotor has a turning cylinder 1, and rotor itself is mainly by heat dump 2, motion state Switch room 3, impeller 4, cooler 5 and return flow line 6 (having the backflow force (forcing) pump concurrently) forms; The inner dress of heat dump A certain amount of liquid or gas working medium (working media) are arranged. The effect of heat dump 2 is to inhale by the heat absorption wall Receive the heat of extraneous thermal source, make the internal working medium heat absorption (if liquid working substance is understood vaporization generation work after the heat absorption Steam; If gas working medium only makes the temperature, pressure of working medium rise after the heat absorption. For sake of convenience with the liquid worker Matter is example, but it is equally applicable to gas working medium). The effect of motion state switch room 3 is for radial motion Steam changes under the coriolis force effect and rotatablely moves. The effect of impeller 4 is that the rotating energy with steam changes into Mechanical power, it is fixed on internal rotor since the energy of steam expansion in switch room 3 from radial motion Impeller 4 is transformed into and rotatablely moves, so can be axial-flow type, radial-flow type or mixed-flow. The effect of cooler 5 That the waste vapour of cooling after the work done will be (if steam will be condensed into liquid state, if gas then is under the temperature, pressure Fall). The effect of return flow line 6 is to be communicated with cooler and heat dump, is that the working medium in the cooler 5 flows back to heat absorption The passage of device 2. Because the pressure in the cooler 5 is less than the pressure in the heat dump 2, so must give cooler 5 Interior working medium (cooled working medium) pressurization (surpassing the pressure in the heat dump 2) just can make working medium flow back to heat dump 2 In, so the radius of turn of cooler 5 is preferably less than the radius of turn of heat dump 2; The return flow line is at cooler 5 Interior working medium entrance radius of turn is less than the sender property outlet radius of turn of return flow line in heat dump 2, so that cold Working medium after solidifying can lean on the effect of centrifugal force to flow back in the heat-drawer 2 by return flow line 6, makes return flow line 6 Have the effect of backflow force (forcing) pump concurrently. But, what the radius of turn of cooler 5 also can be more than or equal to heat dump 2 Radius of turn, but must establish in addition a backflow force (forcing) pump (not drawing among Fig. 1) this moment. Heat dump 2, switch room 3, impeller 4, cooler 5 are coaxially to each other and to interlink be the external totally enclosed integral body that an inside communicates Rigid rotator. Owing between heat dump and the cooler impeller and switch room are arranged, so leaf can be walked around in the return flow line Wheel and switch room also can pass through from impeller and switch room.

The present invention makes rotor (rotor is placed on the bearing by bearing) rotation have an angular velocity omega with an external force (starter motor or manual)₀, use then extraneous thermal source (thermal source miscellaneous is not drawn among Fig. 1) heating Heat dump 2 (if just heat heat dump 2 when rotor velocity is zero, then is at most heat after the working medium heat absorption Amount is delivered in the cooler, but heat energy can not convert mechanical energy to), heat dump 2 interior working medium heat absorptions produce to have The working steam of certain pressure and temperature, working steam enters the motion state switch room from the radius larger part afterwards 3. Switch room 3 inside are that a disk (post) shape space is (when the axle center that impeller 4 is set directly at switch room 3 During the position, then switch room 3 just becomes the garden annulus), Fig. 2 is the switch room cross sectional representation, 9 for turning to Sub-outer wall, 8 is the air intake of switch room 3,7 is working steam. In switch room 3, steam is pressed at self Radially axis direction motion under the power effect, as previously mentioned, working steam 7 will be subjected to the effect of a coriolis force Its angular velocity of rotation is accelerated, and steam enters in the impeller 4 more then, promotes impeller 4 acting (because impellers 4 Angular speed less than the angular speed of steam), and by armature spindle output mechanical power. Steam 7 after the acting enters Cooler 5 is emitted used heat by cooler wall, and is condensed into liquid. Liquid working substance passes through the return flow line then 6 (the backflow force (forcing) pumps that rely on centrifugal action or establish in addition) flow back to and carry out new circulation in the heat dump 2.

As previously mentioned, energy transformation method of the present invention also can not established motion state switch room 3. Such as schematic diagram Shown in 3, arrow represents the working medium circulation process. Its conversion process of energy is to make rotor with an external force (rotor passes through Bearing is placed on the bearing) rotate and have an angular speed, then with extraneous thermal source heating heat dump 2, Working medium 7 (not drawing among Fig. 3) vaporization generates working steam, and working steam directly enters leaf from the radius larger part afterwards In the wheel 4. Do not produce the brother owing to have switch room 3, steam must in impeller passage, do the radial centripetal athleticism Family name's power, and directly to the impeller acting, so can only be radial-flow type or mixed-flow impeller. Fig. 4 is the transversal of impeller 4 The face schematic diagram, 9 is the rotor outer wall, and 8 is the air inlet of impeller 4, and 7 is working steam. As previously mentioned, steam The coriolis force that vapour is subjected to does work direct blade to impeller 4, and (impeller 4 is fixed on by armature spindle output In the rotor). Steam 7 after the acting enters in the cooler 5 and is cooled to liquid, and liquid working substance is by refluxing then Passage 6 flows back to and carries out new circulation in the heat dump 2. Impeller 4 can be single-stage, also can be multistage, In order to take full advantage of the energy of steam.

Fig. 5 is the heat engine structural representation, and it is mainly by bearing A, full-sealed rotor B, and thermal source (heating system) is partly formed.The rotating shaft 1 of rotor B is supported on the bearing A1 of bearing A, and the effect of bearing A is an overfill protection full-sealed rotor B and a thermal source C, also plays the effect of fixed main body simultaneously; Rotor B is the energy conversion component of heat engine of the present invention, and in the whole conversion process of energy, it and the external world have only energy interchange not have mass exchange.The effect of thermal source C is to provide heat energy to rotor B.Because of what constitute with the present invention is a kind of temperature difference type heat engine, so thermal source and heating system are not particularly limited.

The present invention has following advantage: 1. can utilize various energy resources work, even as long as have certain temperature difference just can work between heat absorber and the cooler; 2. do not have dynamic seal (packing), can save dynamic sealing means; 3. internal rotor is except that working medium, and without any movable part, mechanical wear is little, and the life-span is long, the reliability height; 4. heat absorber all rotates with rotor with cooler, all has higher convection heat transfer intensity with extraneous thermal source, low-temperature receiver, can economize and slightly strengthen the blower and fan that heat transfer intensity is provided with, and complete machine is further simplified; 5. parts such as heat absorber, impeller, cooler return flow line are integrated on the full-sealed rotor, and structure height is integrated.

Application of the present invention is very extensive, at aspects such as solar energy utilization, ocean temperature differential power, geothermal exploitation, the utilizations of waste heat used heat, all than all simple high-efficiency compact of existing any temperature difference type heat engine.The present invention also can be applied to and make motor in the traffic tool, has following advantage: (one) can use relatively low level and low-grade fuel, for example heavy oil or biogas; (2) fuel stable burning in burner makes sufficient combustion; (3) can be equipped with different burners according to purposes or fuel difference, to reach maximum Economy and applicability.

It is working medium (for example water, freon, mercury etc.) that first kind of embodiment of the present invention adopts liquid, and impeller 4 adopts footpath one axial-flow turbine and takes the regenerative heat type work cycle.

With reference to Fig. 6,1 is rotating shaft, and 2 is heat absorber, and it is in the radius biggest place of rotor, is the annulus band shape.Being provided with the dividing plate 10 of motion state switch room 3 the slightly little place of heat absorber 2 top radiuses (being the ring-type outlet port of heat absorber), simultaneously with reference to Fig. 7, is nozzle ring 11 at the radius biggest place of dividing plate 10, and it is a radially leaf grating of the ring-type that is made of the multi-disc blade.Motion state switch room 3 is the circular cylindrical spaces that surrounded by nozzle ring 11 and the impeller 4 that is positioned at the axle center.The outlet of impeller 4 is a cooler 5, and it is a cylindrical shape with certain taper that radius is less, is beneficial to condensed working solution 7 and refluxes.The big end of cooler 5 is socketed in the outlet of impeller 4, but and between impeller 4 outlets one annulus is arranged, there is a seal ring 12 at this seam place, and its effect is be connected cooler 5 and impeller 4.Seal ring 12 is more downward slightly than the outlet of impeller 4, makes the top of seal ring 12 form an annular collection trough 13, is used for collecting condensed working solution 7.Seal ring 12 also has the hole between week along the garden, reflow pipe 6 (be the return flow line, so it being a tubulose in the example, is called reflow pipe for sake of convenience) therefrom passes through to collecting tank 13, and the other end is led in the heat absorber 2, and it can have several.Reflow pipe 6 itself is close on the rotor outer wall, condensed liquid working substance 7 is back in the process of heat absorber 2 therein, will be by the heat temperature raising (by the heat transfer of tube wall, rotor outer wall) gradually of the steam in the rotor, thereby make reflow pipe 6 play the effect of " reflux liquid heater " simultaneously, further improve the thermal efficiency.Working steam expands in nozzle ring 11, switch room 3, impeller 4, and temperature descends gradually after the work done, at this moment, absorbs the heat of steam in a part of heat absorber 2 by dividing plate 10 (heat transfer), thereby plays " heat again " effect, improves the thermal efficiency.

The present invention makes it that first angular velocity omega be arranged by the external force drive earlier when operation ₀Give the rotor heat absorber 2 heating by thermal source C then, working solution 7 is heated and is vaporizated into working steam in it, working steam radially sprays into motion state switch room 3 through nozzle ring 11, be subjected to the coriolis force effect constantly to accelerate rotational speed at this, and simultaneously to the axis direction motion, enter at last in the impeller 4, its energy is converted into mechanical work.This moment, rotor such as outside output mechanical work then can make the angular velocity of rotor remain unchanged.Steam after the acting enters cooler 5 and is cooled into liquid, and liquid working substance 7 collects in collecting tank 13 places under centrifugal action, enters reflow pipe 6 then, and then flows back to and carry out new circulation in the heat absorber 2.

It is working medium that second kind of embodiment of the present invention also adopts liquid, and to adopt twin-stage radial flow impeller and steam be directly to do radial motion in impeller 4, does not have motion state switch room 3.

With reference to Fig. 8,1 is rotating shaft, and it runs through whole rotor to strengthen rigidity, and 2 is heat absorber, and it is in the radius biggest place of rotor, is the annulus band shape.At the slightly little place of heat absorber 2 top radiuses is the ring-type outlet 8 of heat absorber, simultaneously with reference to Fig. 9, this slightly little place of 8 radiuses, ring-type air outlet correspondence be first order radial flow impeller 4, the top of first order impeller 4 is the ring-type isolating plate 15 that has air outlet 14, the edge of isolating plate 15 and heat absorber 2 wall Joints, isolating plate 15 tops are intermediate reflux chamber 16, and the slightly little place of the radius on its top is a second level radial flow impeller 4.The outlet of second level impeller 4 is a cooler 5, and it is a cylindrical shape with certain taper that radius is less, is beneficial to condensed working solution 7 and refluxes.Its big end is fixed on the rotor case at air outlet place of second level impeller 4, but big slightly than the radius of this air outlet, forms an annular collection trough 13 so that the big end root of cooler 5 is inboard, and its effect is the condensed liquid working substance of collection.Big end root at cooler 5 also has the hole along garden week, and reflow pipe 6 therefrom passes through to collecting tank 13, and its other end is led in the heat absorber 2.It can have several.

Above-mentioned all parts are fixed together closely in above-mentioned different separately position, to form a totally enclosed whole hollow rotor.

The present invention makes it that first angular velocity be arranged by the external force drive earlier when work, gives the rotor heat absorber 2 heating by thermal source C then, and working medium 7 is heated and is vaporizated into working steam in it.Working steam will be done work by the effect steam of coriolis force the blade of impeller 4 in air outlet 8 radially enters first order impeller 4 at this, and by rotating shaft 1 this mechanical work of output.For the first time the steam of some energy still after the acting 14 enters intermediate reflux chamber 16 through the air outlet, and then enter from the outer rim of second level impeller 4 again and do entad radial motion in the impeller, and second level impeller is done work by the effect of coriolis force, this mechanical work is also by rotating shaft 1 output, and the steam after the acting enters in the cooler 5 and is condensed into liquid.Liquid working substance 7 collects in collecting tank 13 places under centrifugal action, enters reflow pipe 6 then.And then carrying out new circulation at dirty time heat absorber of centrifugal action 2, arrow is depicted as the moving direction and the process of working steam among Fig. 8.

With reference to Figure 10, the third embodiment of the invention and first embodiment are similar, just reflow pipe 6 is directly passed from impeller 4, the reflow pipe 6 of drawing from the seal ring circumferential openings passes impeller 4 earlier to heat absorber 2, turn to heat absorber 2 inside radius larger parts (its outlet promptly is located at the radius larger part) again, so that the working medium in the reflow pipe 6 is pressurizeed under action of centrifugal force, make the pressure in reflow pipe 6 outlet ports meet or exceed pressure in the heat absorber 2, assurance working medium refluxes, and reflow pipe 6 itself can also be fixed on the dividing plate 10.

Claims (9)

1. a thermal power transfer becomes the device of mechanical energy, it is characterized in that it comprises that mainly rotating shaft, heat absorber, impeller, working medium, cooler and return flow line form, and can establish switch room; Heat absorber, switch room, impeller, cooler coaxially to each other and fixedly connectedly successively communicate externally totally-enclosedly constitute a totally enclosed whole hollow rigid rotor; Impeller is arranged between interior heat absorber of rotor and the cooler; Be provided with working medium in the full-sealed rotor; The return flow line is communicated with heat absorber and cooler, also can establish the backflow compression pump on the return flow line;

2. become the device of mechanical energy according to the described thermal power transfer of claim 1, it is characterized in that said impeller is a single-stage or multistage.

3. become the device of mechanical energy according to the described thermal power transfer of claim 1, it is characterized in that said cooler turning radius is less than the heat absorber turning radius, the working medium of return flow line in cooler enters the mouth turning radius less than the sender property outlet turning radius of return flow line in heat absorber, the double backflow compression pump of doing in return flow line.

4. become the device of mechanical energy according to the described thermal power transfer of claim 1, it is characterized in that described return flow line is to walk around impeller and switch room or pass through from impeller and switch room.

5. become the device of mechanical energy according to the described thermal power transfer of claim 1, it is characterized in that described working medium is liquid.

6. become the device of mechanical energy according to the described thermal power transfer of claim 1, when it is characterized in that being provided with switch room, described impeller is axial flow, radial-flow type or mixed-flow.

7. become the device of mechanical energy according to the described thermal power transfer of claim 1, when it is characterized in that not being provided with switch room, described impeller is radial-flow type or mixed-flow.

8. become the device of mechanical energy according to the described thermal power transfer of claim 1 and claim 6, it is characterized in that described heat absorber is in the radius biggest place of rotor, is the annulus band shape; Ring-type outlet port, heat absorber top is the dividing plate of motion state switch room, at the radius biggest place of dividing plate the nozzle ring is arranged, and it is a radially leaf grating of the ring-type that is made of the multi-disc blade; The motion state switch room is the circular cylindrical space that is surrounded by nozzle ring and the impeller that is positioned at the axle center; Cooler is the cylindrical shape with tapering.

9. become the device of mechanical energy according to the described thermal power transfer of claim 1 and claim 7, it is characterized in that described heat absorber is in the radius biggest place of rotor, is the annulus band shape; The slightly little place of radius, heat absorber top is the ring-type outlet of heat absorber, its correspondence be first order impeller; The top of first order impeller is the ring-type isolating plate that has the air outlet, and the edge of isolating plate and a heat absorber ancient piece of jade, round, flat and with a hole in its centre are affixed; Isolating plate top is the intermediate reflux chamber, its top is second level impeller, the outlet of second level impeller is a cooler, it is the cylindrical shape with tapering, its big end is fixed on the rotor case at air outlet place of second level impeller, and the radius than this air outlet is big slightly, forms an annular collection trough so that collect condensed liquid working substance so that the big end root of cooler is inboard; The big end root of cooler is along Zhou Kaiyou hole, garden.

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