CN1242107A - Electroplated interconnection structures on integrated circuit chips - Google Patents
Electroplated interconnection structures on integrated circuit chips Download PDFInfo
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- CN1242107A CN1242107A CN 96180571 CN96180571A CN1242107A CN 1242107 A CN1242107 A CN 1242107A CN 96180571 CN96180571 CN 96180571 CN 96180571 A CN96180571 A CN 96180571A CN 1242107 A CN1242107 A CN 1242107A
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Abstract
Described is a technics for manufacturing a submicron interconnection structure of an integrated circuit chip. A conductor having no space and no gap can be obtained by plating Cu recur to a liquid which includes additive and usually is used for depositing flat and shining extendable low stress Cu metal. The ability of the method that can fill image without space or gap is unique and is superior to other depositing method.
Description
The present invention relates to the interconnection wiring on the electronic device such as integrated circuit (IC) chip, relate to more precisely in the body lotion that contains additive that is commonly used to produce the smooth low stress deposit of light, carry out that copper is electroplated and the nothing cavity and the seamless submicrometer structure that make.
AlCu and associated alloys thereof are the desirable alloys of the interconnection on the electronic device that is used for making such as integrated circuit (IC) chip.Cu content among the AlCu is usually in the scope of 0.3-4%.
Replace AlCu as interconnection material with Cu and Cu alloy, advantage is arranged at aspect of performance.The resistivity that is lower than AlCu owing to the resistivity of Cu and some copper alloy improves performance; So just can adopt narrower lines and realize higher wiring density.
Whole semi-conductor industry circle has had realized that the metallized advantage of Cu.Copper metallization has been the problem of broad research, the whole second phase of investigation of materials association (MRS) proceedings has been published the paper of this respect, MRS Bulletin, Vol.XVIII, No.6 discusses the academic research of this problem specially (in June, 1993), and another phase, MRS Bulletin, Vol.XIX, No.8 discusses the industrial research of this problem specially (in August, 1994).People such as Luther 1993 have described the manufacturing with four layers of metallized Cu chip interconnect at " IEEEVLSI multilayer interconnection proceeding (in June, 1993 8-9 day California Santa the Clara) " paper " the smooth copper-polyimide tail end of ULSI device wire interconnection " in p.15.
Technology such as chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and electroless plating is the universal method of deposit Cu.These two kinds of deposition process usually at most only can production conformal deposition thing, and because photoetching or reactive ion etching (RIE) imperfection and in wiring, cause defective (cavity or slit) inevitably, particularly when groove has the top than the cross section of narrow base, all the more so.People's such as Li paper " copper-based metallization-second portion in the ULSI structure: Cu can become the material on the chip? " (seeing MRS Bull., XIX, 15 (1994)) described the other problem of CVD.In electroless plating, though the low advantage of cost is arranged, hydrogen emitting in the metal deposition process sets off an explosion and other defective, and this is considered to the weakness in the industrial extensive use.
The United States Patent (USP) 5256274 (' 274) of the J.Poris that on October 26th, 1993 authorized has been described cement copper, silver or golden electroplating technology on semiconductor wafer.In Figure 1A of ' 274, show the crannied copper conductor of its core with symbol " well ", and in Figure 1B, show the copper conductor that its core has the cavity with symbol " poor ".Plating bath contains the CuSO of 12 ounces in per gallon water
4, 5H
2The concentrated vitriol of O, 10% volume, 50ppm (address is P.O.Box 965, Providence, the TECHNI-COPPER W additive that RI02901) provides from the Technic Inc. company of the chloride ion and 0.4% volume of hydrochloric acid.By chemically inert mask deposit coating optionally.
The manufacturing process of the highly reliable Cu interconnection structure that connects up in integrated circuit (IC) chip with the seamless conductor in the nothing of submicron-scale cavity of a kind of low cost has been described.This technology comprises: deposition insulating material on wafer; Photoetching is determined and is formed sub-micron trenches or hole in insulating material, and wherein conductor deposited is so that final lead-in wire or the through hole of forming; Deposit is as the electrically conductive layer of seeding layer or plating substrate; In containing the body lotion of additive, electroplate with conductor deposited; And the structure that obtains flattened or chemico-mechanical polishing, isolate so that finish the electricity of each lead-in wire and/or through hole.
The present invention also provides a kind of technology that is used for making interconnection structure on electronic device, and it comprises the following step: make seeding layer on the substrate with insulation layer and conduction region; On seeding layer, make patterned photoresist layer; In containing the body lotion of additive, on the seeding layer that is not covered, electroplate electric conducting material by graphical photoresist; And remove graphical photoresist.
The present invention also provides a kind of technology that is used for making the interconnection structure on the electronic device with no empty seamless conductor, and it comprises the following step: make insulating material on substrate; Photoetching is determined and is made lead-in wire and/or the through hole of wherein wanting deposit interconnecting conductor material; Make conductive layer as the plating substrate; In the plating substrate, make graphical photoresist layer; In containing the body lotion of additive, electroplate with the conductor deposited material; And removing photoresist.
The present invention also provides a kind of technology that is used for making interconnection structure on electronic device, and it comprises the following step: make seeding layer on the substrate with insulation layer and conduction region; In containing the body lotion of additive, on seeding layer, make the cover layer that electric conducting material constitutes; On cover layer, make graphical photoresist layer; Remove not by the conductor material of graphical photoresist covering place; And remove graphical photoresist.The present invention also provides a kind of conductor that is used for the interconnection on the electronic device, and it comprises the Cu that contains the material that is selected from C (weight ratio is less than 2%), O (weight ratio is less than 1%), N (weight ratio is less than 1%), S (weight ratio is less than 1%) and Cl (weight ratio is less than 1%) on a small quantity that makes of the body lotion that contains additive by electro-plating method.
Interconnection material can be to electroplate the Cu that obtains in the body lotion that contains additive that is commonly used to produce the smooth low stress deposit of light.In this body lotion, electroplate the speed of Cu, higher in the cavity depths than other place.Therefore, this electroplating technology presents unique fabulous filling capacity, the seamless deposit in nothing cavity that causes any other method to obtain.The interconnection structure that the Cu that is electroplated by this method makes has very high deelectric transferred ability, and the electromigration activation energy is equal to or greater than 1.0eV.Conductor mainly is made up of atom and/or the molecular fragment of Cu and a spot of C (weight ratio is less than 2%), O (weight ratio is less than 1%), N (weight ratio is less than 1%), S (weight ratio is less than 1%) and Cl (weight ratio is less than 1%).
The electromigratory Cu of high resistance is containing being commonly used to produce in the electroplate liquid of bright ductile low stress coating deposit and being electroplated of additive.
The objective of the invention is to electroplate the Cu conductor such as interconnection wiring and do not stay slit or cavity at the conductor center.
Another object of the present invention be with basically uniformly filling thickness electroplate conductor Cu, wherein conductor has such as less than 1 micron with greater than 10 microns width difference.The conductor degree of depth can be equal to or greater than 1 to the ratio of width.Via depth can surpass 1 to the ratio of width.
Another purpose of the present invention is to reduce the manufacturing cost of integrated circuit by means of following three effects of combination: 1) carry out the covering deposit, 2 of Cu with electro-plating method) dual-inlaid manufacturing (a kind of in single covering depositing step, make two layers of metallized method) and 3) with the ability of the technology leveling upper surface of chemico-mechanical polishing and so on.
Consider following detailed description of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, these and other characteristics, purpose and advantage of the present invention will become obvious.
Fig. 1-the 5th, the profile of intermediate structure shows the making of interconnection wiring.
Fig. 6 shows the multilayer wiring figure of making of a plating step.
Fig. 7 shows the commitment of the deposition rate of depths in the parts greater than the deposition process of the deposition rate of parts outside.
Fig. 8 shows the later stage of the deposition rate of components interior greater than the deposition process of the deposition rate of parts outside.
The deposition rate that Fig. 9 shows components interior is lower than the commitment of deposition process of the deposition rate of parts outside.
The deposition rate that Figure 10 shows components interior is lower than the later stage of deposition process of the deposition rate of parts outside.
Figure 11 shows the commitment of the identical deposition process of the inside and outside deposition rate of parts.
Figure 12 shows the later stage of the identical deposition process of the inside and outside deposition rate of parts.
Figure 13 shows the profile of coating distribution sequence.
Figure 14 shows the profile of the parts of electroplating with the plating bath that does not have additive.
Figure 15 shows the profile of the parts of electroplating with the plating bath with additive.
Figure 16 shows has the two the profile of substrate of sub-micron cavity to be electroplated and wide cavity.
Figure 17 is the profile of Figure 16 substrate of electroplating in water logging type electroplating pool subsequently.
Figure 18 is subsequently at the profile of the middle Figure 16 substrate electroplated of curved month type electroplating pool (cup type electroplating pool, wherein making wafer surface and the upper surface of electrolyte is that meniscus contacts).
Figure 19 a-d is that thickness is that grain orientation figure, crystal grain comparison diagram, the antipole in same zone of 1 micron plating Cu film resembles figure and (111) utmost point resembles figure.Crystallite dimension is about 1.4 microns, and crystallization texture is at random.
Figure 20 a-d is that thickness is that grain orientation figure, crystal grain comparison diagram, the antipole in same zone of 1 micron PVD (physical vapor deposition, magnetron sputtering deposit) Cu film resembles figure and (111) utmost point resembles figure.Crystallite dimension is about 0.4 micron, and this film has very strong (111)/(100) crystallization texture.
Figure 21 a and 21b show electroplate Cu to CVD Cu film (a) and to the resistance of PVD Cu film (b) in time (hour) the comparison of change curve.Changes in resistance is relevant with the electromigration damage in the Cu lead-in wire.Obviously, the two has much better electric migration performance than CVD Cu or PVD Cu to electroplate Cu.The activation energy of electroplating Cu is 1.1-1.3eV, and the activation energy of PVDCu significantly little (0.7-0.8eV).
Figure 22-26 profile has illustrated the break-through mask coating on flat base.
Figure 27-31 profile has illustrated at reeded suprabasil break-through mask coating.
Figure 32-35 profile has illustrated the covering coating that thereupon corrodes with figure.
Inlaying shikishima plating process is a kind of plating that carries out on the entire wafer surface, isolates with levelling process and the technology of definite figure thereupon.Carry out plating by means of deposit coating on the wiring figure of determining in whole photoetching.Between plating substrate and insulator, deposit improves adhesiveness and prevents that the conductor/insulation body from interacting and the layer of diffusion.Illustrating in Fig. 1-5 of this operation.The insulating barriers (silica, polymer) 1 that (silicon nitride) 2 and 7 that be corroded/regulating course coats at first are deposited on the wafer 8; On the coated insulation body, make photoresist figure 3 and transfer to insulator; The Cu6 of deposit barrier material 4 and seeding layer (Cu) 5, and plating subsequently is filled all figures; Method with leveling makes this structure become net shape shown in Figure 5.As shown in Figure 6, might on insulator, photoetching determine multi-layer graphical; Save in the manufacture method of cost at this, then the layer of the same order of deposit.
For fear of form cavity or slit in Cu 6, the bottom in parts is the deep, and rate of deposition should be higher than other place.Fig. 7-12 shows this point, and three kinds that have wherein described the metal deposit may situation.Under first kind of situation shown in Fig. 7 and 8, use the electroplating bath solution additive, the metal deposit in the parts 11, faster than point 12 places of parts 11 outsides, thus obtain nothing cavity and seamless deposit (fabulous filling) shown in Figure 8.The deposit according to qualifications of components interior may be because additive is lower in the transmission rate of these positions, causes the local speed of Cu deposit to increase conversely.Particularly at the internal corners place, the transmission rate of additive is minimum, thereby the deposition rate of copper is the highest.Under second kind of situation shown in Fig. 9 and 10, metal deposit in the parts 14 is slower than point 15 places of parts 14 outsides, thereby is lead-in wire or the through hole that obtains cavity and high resistivity from the body lotion that deposit ion height exhausts owing to the deposit in the lower point 16 of parts 14.Higher ion degree of exhaustion causes local raising of overpotential of the deposit reaction in the plating bath.Under the third situation shown in Figure 11 and 12, owing in the liquid plating bath, do not exist local ion to exhaust, and owing to lost additive and its to the select the superior advantageous effect of deposit of components interior, the deposition rate at point 18 places of inner and parts 17 outsides of parts 17 is equal (conformal filling) everywhere.Though can access almost acceptable deposit with conformal filling, in the lead-in wire and through hole of high shape ratio, the slit 19 in the Cu metal 6 is inevitable.In recessed distribution, conformal filling is a tolerable not, can cause the cavity.Obviously, the coating with the fabulous filling shown in Fig. 7 and 8 is the desired and best method of mosaic technology.Electroplate in the solution of appropriate configuration is the best way of realizing the deposit type shown in Fig. 7 and 8.Fabulous filling and with the metallized relation of Cu be unclear fully; For example, in above-mentioned people's such as Li paper, people such as Li point out that plating Cu coating is " being on duty mutually " to the filling capacity of through hole.
As shown in figure 13, utilize the fabulous filling of the additive in the plating bath,, also might obtain not having cavity and seamless lead-in wire and through hole even photoetching process produces the figure or the cavity 22 of top than narrow base in dielectric layer 1.According to plating of the present invention herein is that a kind of the realization do not have empty and seamless lead-in wire and the best way of through hole.Other deposition process such as CVD produces conformal distribution at most, cause a large amount of defectives inevitably, particularly ought there be this photoetching imperfection, that is the top in dielectric medium 1 is than the figure or the cavity 22 of narrow base, when causing sidewall 23 may form the angle of 0-20 degree with vertical reference line 24, all the more so with respect to top surface 26.
Be commonly used to the method for electro-coppering in the solution that is containing additive of producing smooth deposit on the coarse surface, can be used for realizing filling the desired fabulous filling of sub-micron cavity.A kind of proper additive system be the Enthone-OMI company in New Haven city, health alunite Dick state sold be called SelRex Cubath M system.Producer is called MHy with above-mentioned additive.Another kind proper additive system is the system that is called Copper Gleam 2001 that the LeaRonal company in Freeport city, New York is sold.Producer is called Copper Gleam 2001 carriers, Copper Gleam 2001-HTL and Copper Gleam2001 aligner with this additive.Also having a kind of proper additive system is the system that is called Cupracid HS that the Atotech USA company in State Park city, Binzhou is sold.Producer is called Cupracid polishing agent and the basic aligner of Cupracid HS with the additive in this system.
The example that can join the concrete additive in the body lotion among the present invention has been described in some patents.The people's such as late H-G Creutz that on August 29th, 1978 authorized the United States Patent (USP) 4110176 that is entitled as " plating of copper ", plating bath additive such as polyalkane alcohol quaternary ammonium salt has been described, it forms reaction by-product, so that low stress and the good smooth copper deposit from the highly-malleable of moisture acid copper electroplating bath liquid to be provided, classify this patent as reference herein.
The United States Patent (USP) 4376685 that is entitled as " the acid copper electroplating bath liquid that contains polishing and leveling additive " of the A.Watson that authorize March 15 nineteen eighty-three, plating bath additive such as the alkylation poly (alkylenimines) has been described, it forms reaction by-product, form bright and smooth copper plating deposit to provide, classify this patent as reference herein with moisture acid bath.
The United States Patent (USP) 4975159 of being entitled as of the W.Dahms that the authorizes December 4 nineteen ninety aqueous acidic body lotion and the using method thereof of seamless copper coating of electrochemical deposition light " be used for ", described and in moisture acid bath, added a certain amount of combination of organic additives that comprises the alkoxylate lactams of at least a replacement as the compound of amide containing atomic group, so that optimize the glossiness and the ductility of the copper of deposit, classify this patent as reference herein.In United States Patent (USP) 4975159, Table I has been listed the alkoxylate lactams that can join in a large number in the body lotion of the present invention.Table II has been listed has the sulfur-containing compound that can join the water solubilising atomic group such as 3-sulfhydryl propane-1-sulfonic acid in the body lotion of the present invention in a large number.Table III has been listed the organic compound such as polyethylene glycol that can join in the body lotion of the present invention as surfactant.
The United States Patent (USP) 3770598 that is entitled as " with acid bath electro-deposition copper " of the H-G Creutz that on November 6th, 1973 authorized, the body lotion of the copper that is used for obtaining ductile light has been described, wherein contain a certain amount of polymine of dissolving and the product polishing agent of alkyl solvent, to produce quaternary nitrogen, to have the organic sulfur compound of a sulfo group and at least, classify this patent as reference herein such as the polyether compound of polypropylene glycol.
The people's such as H-G Creutz that on June 27th, 1967 authorized the United States Patent (USP) 3328273 that is entitled as " with acid bath electro-deposition copper ", described the copper sulphate and the borofluoride body lotion of the deposit with good planarization of the low stress that is used for obtaining light, it comprises chemical formula is XR
1-(S
n)-R
2-SO
3The organic sulfur compound of H, wherein R
1And R
2Identical or inequality, and be polymethylene atomic group or the alkynes atomic group that contains 1-6 carbon atom, X is hydrogen or sulfo group, and n is the integer of 2-5, classifies this patent as reference herein.These body lotions can also contain polyether compound, have the organic sulfur compound and the phenazine dyes of ortho position sulphur atom.In United States Patent (USP) 3328273, Table I has been listed the polysulfide compound that can join in a large number in the body lotion of the present invention.Table II has been listed the polyethers that can join in a large number in the body lotion of the present invention.
Can additive be added body lotion in order to realize various purposes.Body lotion can comprise mantoquita and mineral acid.Micro-structural in the certain films of the crystal grain of introducing the big crystal grain comprise for the thickness of film or random orientation in the conductor can comprise additive.For the material molecule fragment that will contain the atom that is selected from C, O, N, S and Cl is incorporated in the conductor, also additive can be joined in the body lotion, thus the deelectric transferred ability on the enhancing fine copper.And the micro-structural in the certain films of the crystal grain of introducing the big crystal grain comprise for the thickness of film or random orientation in the conductor can join body lotion with additive, thereby strengthen the electric migration performance on the Cu that does not electroplate.
The cavity of electroplating solution that Figure 14 shows the sulfuric acid that contains 0.3M copper sulphate and 10% volume of prior art is filled the profile of behavior.Before the complete filling cavity, stop suddenly electroplating, thereby so that the deposit thickness of each position of measurement component determines to fill type.As seen obtained the conformal deposition thing 30 of Cu.But present fabulous filling shown in Figure 15 by the deposit that the same solution that has added chloride ion and MHy obtains.The deposition rate of depths is higher than other place in the parts, thereby because components interior is higher and the deposit 36 of Cu shown in Figure 15 is become do not have cavity and seamless than parts outsides rate of deposition.The MHy concentration that produces fabulous filling is in the scope of about about 2.5% volume of 0.1-.Chlorine ion concentration is in the 10-300ppm scope.
Solution from CopperGleam 2001 aligners of the Copper Gleam 2001-HTL of LeaRonal addition of C opper Gleam 2001 carriers of the chloride of the sulfuric acid of the copper sulphate that contains 0.1-0.4M, 10-20% volume, 10-300ppm and 0.1-1% volume, 0.1-1% volume and 0-1% volume has obtained similar fabulous filling result.At last, the solution from the basic aligner of Cupracid HS of the Atotech addition of C upracid polishing agent of the copper sulphate, sulfuric acid and the chloride that contain above-mentioned scope and 0.5-3% volume and 0.01-0.5% volume has obtained similar fabulous filling result.
Described so far electroplating technology with additive, when in the people's such as P.Andricacos that authorize such as on May 17th, 1994 United States Patent (USP) 5516412,5312532 and the conventional electroplating pool the vane type electroplating pool described in the United States Patent (USP) 3652442, carrying out, produced of the fabulous filling of the high shape of sub-micron than figure or cavity.But when technology substrate surface only with the contacted electroplating pool of the Free Surface of electrolyte in, when for example carrying out in the cup-shaped electroplating pool described in the United States Patent (USP) of announcing in July 13 nineteen eighty-two of authorizing S.Aigo 4339319 (it being classified as reference herein), realized following further benefit.This benefit is that to make the scope that may be present in narrow (sub-micron) parts or the cavity be that the wide cavity of 1-100 micron obtains fabulous filling.
In substrate is immersed in electroplating pool in the electrolyte, the wide parts of 1-100 micron will for example be about 0.1 micron and above narrow parts less than 1 micron than width and fill slowlyer; Therefore, for the leveling that obtains the no pit on the plate surface of top structure, wide parts need longer electroplating time and longer polishing time.
Compare with the cup-shaped electroplating pool, when substrate surface in electroplating process, be maintained at the contacted situation of the meniscus of electrolyte under when electroplating, such as less than 1 micron with greater than 10 microns width very different cavity like this, filled with identical speed rapidly and equably.
The meniscus of electrolyte is the curved upper surface of fluid column.Curved upper surface can be the convex surface that the liquid stream that causes such as capillary or caused by all as above jetting liquids causes.
Figure 16 is the profile of substrate 60, and it can have and wherein is manufactured with the surface elements that is used for mosaic wiring or the top dielectric layer 61 such as silicon dioxide of cavity 62 and 63.The width of cavity 62 can be less than 1 micron, and the width range of cavity 63 can be the 1-100 micron.Lining 64 can provide the adhesion to dielectric medium 61, and provides the diffusion barrier of the metal of plating subsequently.Lining 64 can conduct electricity, and with as the plating substrate of electroplating, perhaps can add extra plating basalis.
Figure 17 is the profile of substrate 60, and it has the metal electro-deposition thing 66 that is enough to cavity filling 62 and is filled in the wide cavity of electroplating in the immersion electroplating pool 63.In Figure 17, wide parts 63 are that submicron features 62 is filled slowlyer than narrow parts.Upper surface 67 on the parts 63 has 68 with respect to the average height of metal 66.
In Figure 17 and 18, similar reference number is used to the function corresponding to the device of Figure 16 and 17.
Figure 18 is the profile of substrate 60, and it has what be enough to cavity filling 62 and be filled in the wide cavity 63 electroplated in the curved month type cup-shaped electroplating pool may be the metal electro-deposition thing 66 of Cu.As shown in figure 18, substrate can be placed to bath surface and contact.Body lotion can flow at the bath surface place.
In Figure 18, wide parts 63 are filled with narrow parts 62 equally soon.With respect to the average height of metal 66, the upper surface 69 on the parts 63 has very little sinking.Therefore, describe a kind of pattern of the present invention, wherein in the cup-shaped electroplating pool, finished plating, thereby obtained narrow parts and the fabulous filling uniformly of wide parts.The superior function of believing the curved month type plating is to be caused by the higher concentration of the additive molecule of air-liquid surface place surface activation or different orientations.Though when introducing substrate, these molecules may begin redistribution, residual effect is perhaps keeping during the plating of a few minutes always.
The crystallite dimension of electroplating Cu is usually greater than the crystal grain (seeing Figure 19 a-d and 20a-d) that produces with other Cu deposition process.Figure 19 a-d is respectively that grain orientation figure, crystal grain comparison diagram, the antipole in same zone of the plating Cu film of 1 micron thickness resembles figure and (111) utmost point resembles figure.Crystallite dimension approximately is 1.4 microns, and crystallization texture is at random.Figure 20 a-d is respectively that grain orientation figure, crystal grain comparison diagram, the antipole in same zone of the PVD Cu film of 1 micron thickness resembles figure and (111) utmost point resembles figure.Crystallite dimension approximately is 0.4 micron, and this film has very strong (111)/(100) crystallization texture.
Electroplate the crystalline orientation (being also referred to as texture) of Cu and (see Figure 19 a-d and 20a-d) significantly more at random than the crystalline orientation of electroless coating Cu film.Antipole resembles the even distribution table that figure or (111) utmost point resemble crystal grain among the figure and understands this random orientation (seeing Figure 19 a-d).This is different from situation about seeing from electroless coating Cu film significantly.For example, referring to Figure 20 a-d, wherein in this PVDCu film, significantly (100) and (111) texture is arranged.
As the MRS Bulletin that classifies reference with reference herein as, Vol.XVIII, No.6 (in June, 1993) and Vol.XIX, the method for No.8 (in August, 1994) is measured, and the deelectric transferred ability of electroplating Cu and pure Cu is the function of activation energy.The activation energy of electroplating Cu is equal to or greater than 1.0eV.In addition, Figure 21 a and 21b show the comparison of electroplating film to the drift velocity of PVD film.Obviously, electroplate Cu and show resistance little variation in time, and the resistance of PVD Cu film increases tempestuously.Changes in resistance is relevant with the electromigration amount of damage in the Cu lead-in wire.Obviously, electroplate Cu than PVD Cu have improve the electric migration performance of Duoing.The activation energy of electroplating Cu is 1.1-1.3eV, and the activation energy of PVD Cu significantly little (0.7-0.8eV).
Meaning of the present invention has surpassed the realization of mosaic texture.The raising relevant with the existence of atom that contains C, O, N, S and Cl and/or molecular fragment deelectric transferred ability, help equally as Figure 22-26 be shown on the flat base with break-through mask electric plating method, as Figure 22 and 27-31 be shown in the recessed substrate with break-through mask electro-plating method or as Figure 22,23 and 32-35 shown in electroplate thereupon the conductor element made from graphical corroding method with covering.
Break-through mask electroplating technology on flat base is shown in Figure 22-26.Figure 22 shows insulating barrier 1.Figure 23 shows the seeding layer (Cu) 5 that is produced on the insulating barrier 1.Can settle barrier material 4 (not shown) as the layer between insulating barrier 1 and the seeding layer 5.Figure 24 show on the seeding layer 5 by graphical photoresist 71.Figure 25 shows by photoresist 71 and electroplates Cu6 afterwards.Figure 26 shows and has removed photoresist 71 and not by the structure of Figure 25 of the seeding layer 5 of Cu6 protection place.Figure 26 shows the graphical Cu layer 6 on the graphical seeding layer 5.
Be shown in Figure 22 and 27-31 at recessed suprabasil break-through mask electroplating technology.Figure 22 shows insulating barrier 1.Figure 27 shows the passage 72 that is produced in the insulating barrier 1.Figure 28 shows the seeding layer (Cu) 5 that is produced on the insulating barrier 1.Barrier material 4 (not shown) can be produced on seeding layer (Cu) 5 belows.Figure 29 show on the seeding layer 5 by graphical photoresist 71.Figure 30 shows that break-through mask or photoresist 71 are electroplated and in the passage 72 of deposit and the Cu6 on the seeding layer 5.Figure 31 shows and has removed photoresist 71 and not by the Cu6 of the seeding layer 5 of Cu6 protection place.It is to be noted that the fabulous filling that electroplating technology of the present invention causes makes and might fill cavity in the recessed substrate or figure and do not stay cavity or slit.
The covering electroplating technique that is used for making graphical lead-in wire before the graphical corrosion on insulating barrier is shown in Figure 22,23 and 32-35.Figure 22 shows insulating barrier 1.Figure 23 shows and is produced on barrier layer 4 on the insulating barrier 1.Seeding layer (Cu) 5 is produced on the upper surface of barrier layer 4.Shown in figure 32, the cover layer 76 usefulness electro-plating methods of Cu are produced on the seeding layer 5.As shown in figure 33, photoresist layer 71 is produced on the cover layer 76 and by photolithography patterning.Figure 34 show with caustic solution graphical or the cover layer 76 of having removed not the part of being protected by photoresist 71 with other technology.Figure 35 shows the graphical cover layer 76 of having removed photoresist 71.
In Fig. 2-15 and 22-35, similar reference number is used to corresponding to being the function of the device among Fig. 1 among the previous figure.
Though the Cu conductor of having described the method for making the interconnection structure on the electronic device and having had the deelectric transferred ability that atom and/or molecular fragment by C, O, N, S and Cl cause, and such as big crystallite dimension for thickness and the specific microstructure figure the random crystalline orientation, but concerning the one skilled in the art, obviously can make various corrections and change and not depart from broad range of the present invention, scope of the present invention only is subjected to the restriction of the scope of claims.
Claims (108)
1. make the technology with the interconnection structure that does not have the seamless conductor in cavity for one kind on electronic device, it comprises the following step:
On substrate, make insulating material,
Photoetching is determined and is made groove and/or the through hole that is used to go between in described insulating material, wherein with deposit interconnecting conductor material,
On described insulating material, make conductive layer, as electroplated substrates,
By the electro-plating method described conductor material of body lotion deposit that contains additive, and
The structure that leveling obtains is isolated with the electricity of finishing each lead-in wire and/or through hole.
2. the technology of claim 1, wherein said depositing step comprises that deposit Cu is as described conductor material.
3. the technology of claim 2 also comprises additive is joined step in the described body lotion, so that the atom and/or the molecular fragment that contain the atom that is selected from C (less than 2% weight), O (less than 1% weight), N (less than 1% weight), S (less than 1% weight), Cl (less than 1% weight) on a small quantity that will stipulate are incorporated in the described conductor material.
4. the technology of claim 2 also comprises additive is joined step in the described body lotion, so that introduce the big crystallite dimension that has for thickness and/or the certain films micro-structural of random orientation crystal grain in described conductor.
5. the technology of claim 2 also comprises additive is joined step in the described body lotion, is incorporated in the described conductor material so that will contain the molecular fragment of the atom that is selected from C, O, N, S, Cl, thereby strengthens deelectric transferred ability on the pure Cu.
6. the technology of claim 2 also comprises additive is joined step in the described body lotion, so that in described conductor, introduce the big crystallite dimension have for thickness and/or the certain films micro-structural of random orientation crystal grain, thereby strengthen the electric migration performance on the electroless coating Cu.
7. the technology of claim 2 also is included in the step of electroplating in the body lotion that contains the reagent that is commonly used on rough surface to produce the smooth deposit of light.
8. the technology of claim 7, wherein the conductor degree of depth is equal to or greater than 1 to the ratio of width.
9. the technology of claim 7, wherein via depth surpasses 1 to the ratio of width.
10. the technology of claim 2 also comprises the step of electroplating with the solution of the additive that contains the deposit that is commonly used to deposit light, smooth, extending and low stress.
11. the technology of claim 10, wherein the conductor degree of depth is equal to or greater than 1 to the ratio of width.
12. the technology of claim 1, wherein said depositing step also comprise the step that the upper surface that makes described substrate contacts with the surface of described body lotion.
13. the technology of claim 12, wherein said depositing step also are included in the step of the described body lotion that flows on the described surface of described body lotion.
14. the technology of claim 1, wherein said depositing step also comprises the step of electroplating with the cup-shaped electroplating pool.
15. the technology of claim 1 also comprises the step of electroplating with electroplating solution, this electroplating solution contains mantoquita, mineral acid and one or more is selected from organosulfur compound, the HMW oxygenatedchemicals that dissolves in body lotion that has water solubilising atomic group, the additive that dissolves in the polyether compound of body lotion or also may contain the organonitrogen compound that dissolves in body lotion of at least one sulphur atom.
16. the technology of claim 15, wherein said electroplating solution contain a spot of chloride ion of 10-300ppm.
17. the technology of claim 15, wherein said Cu salt is copper sulphate.
18. the technology of claim 15, wherein said mineral acid is a sulfuric acid.
19. the technology of claim 15, wherein said organosulfur compound have a sulfo group at least.
20. the technology of claim 15, wherein said organosulfur compound have two ortho position sulphur atoms at least.
21. the technology of claim 20, wherein said organosulfur compound have two ortho position sulphur atoms at least, and have at least one end sulfo group.
22. the technology of claim 15, wherein said organosulfur compound are selected from sulfhydryl propane sulfonic acid, thioglycollic acid, sulfhydryl benzothiazole-S-propane sulfonic acid and ethylene sulfo-dipropyl sulfonic acid, aminodithioformic acid, the alkali metal salt of described compound and the amine salt of described compound.
23. the technology of claim 15, the chemical formula of wherein said organosulfur compound are X-R
1-(S
n)-R
2-SO
3H, wherein the R atomic group is identical or different, and contains at least one carbon atom, and X is selected from hydrogen and sulfo group, and n is the integer of 2-5.
24. the technology of claim 15, wherein said oxygenatedchemicals is selected from polyethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol and carboxymethyl cellulose.
25. the technology of claim 15, wherein said organonitrogen compound is selected from pyridine, substituted pyridines, acid amides, quaternary ammonium salt, imines, phthalocyanine, substituted phthalocyanine, azophenlyene and lactams.
26. a technology of making interconnection structure on electronic device, it comprises the following step:
Deposit seeding layer on substrate with insulation layer and conduction region,
On described seeding layer, make graphical photoresist layer,
With the body lotion that contains additive, on the described seeding layer that is not covered, electroplate conductor material by described graphical photoresist, and
Remove described graphical photoresist.
27. the technology of claim 26, wherein said depositing step comprise that deposit Cu is as described conductor material.
28. the technology of claim 27 also comprises additive is joined step in the described body lotion, be incorporated in the described conductor material so that will contain the atom and/or the molecular fragment of the atom that is selected from C (less than 2% weight), O (less than 1% weight), N (less than 1% weight), S (less than 1% weight), Cl (less than 1% weight) on a small quantity.
29. the technology of claim 27 also comprises additive is joined step in the described body lotion, so that in described conductor, introduce the big crystallite dimension that has for thickness and/or the certain films micro-structural of random orientation crystal grain.
30. the technology of claim 27 also comprises additive is joined step in the described body lotion, be incorporated in the described conductor material, thereby strengthen deelectric transferred ability on the pure Cu so that will contain the molecular fragment of the atom that is selected from C, O, N, S, Cl.
31. the technology of claim 27 also comprises additive is joined step in the described body lotion, so that in described conductor, introduce the big crystallite dimension have for thickness and/or the certain films micro-structural of random orientation crystal grain, thereby strengthen the electric migration performance on the electroless coating Cu.
32. the technology of claim 27 also is included in the step of electroplating in the body lotion that contains the reagent that is commonly used on rough surface to produce smooth smooth deposit.
33. the technology of claim 32, wherein the conductor degree of depth surpasses 1 to the ratio of width.
The technology of 34 claims 32, wherein via depth surpasses 1 to the ratio of width.
35. the technology of claim 27 also comprises the step of electroplating with the solution that contains the additive that is commonly used to deposit light, smooth, extending or low stress deposit.
36. the technology of claim 35, wherein the conductor degree of depth surpasses 1 to the ratio of width.
37. the technology of claim 26, wherein said depositing step also comprise the step that the upper surface that makes described substrate contacts with the surface of described body lotion.
38. the technology of claim 37, wherein said depositing step also are included in the step of the described body lotion that flows on the described surface of described body lotion.
39. the technology of claim 26, wherein said depositing step also comprises the step of electroplating with the cup-shaped electroplating pool.
40. the technology of claim 16 also comprises the step of electroplating with electroplating solution, this electroplating solution contains mantoquita, mineral acid and one or more is selected from organosulfur compound, the HMW oxygenatedchemicals that dissolves in body lotion that has water solubilising atomic group, the additive that dissolves in the polyether compound of body lotion or also may contain the organonitrogen compound that dissolves in body lotion of at least one sulphur atom.
41. the technology of claim 40, wherein said electroplating solution contain a spot of chloride ion of 10-300ppm.
42. the technology of claim 40, wherein said Cu salt is copper sulphate.
43. the technology of claim 41, wherein said mineral acid is a sulfuric acid.
44. the technology of claim 40, wherein said organosulfur compound have a sulfo group at least.
45. the technology of claim 40, wherein said organosulfur compound has the bivalent sulfur atom at two ortho positions at least.
46. the technology of claim 45, wherein said organosulfur compound have two ortho position sulphur atoms at least, and have at least one end sulfo group.
47. the technology of claim 40, wherein said organosulfur compound are selected from sulfhydryl propane sulfonic acid, thioglycollic acid, sulfhydryl benzothiazole-S-propane sulfonic acid and ethylene sulfo-dipropyl sulfonic acid, aminodithioformic acid, the alkali metal salt of described compound and the amine salt of described compound.
48. the technology of claim 45, the chemical formula of wherein said organosulfur compound are X-R
1-(S
n)-R
2-SO
3H, wherein the R atomic group is identical or different, and contains at least one carbon atom, and X is selected from hydrogen and sulfo group, and n is the integer of 2-5.
49. the technology of claim 40, wherein said oxygenatedchemicals is selected from polyethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol and carboxymethyl cellulose.
50. the technology of claim 40, wherein said organonitrogen compound is selected from pyridine, substituted pyridines, acid amides, quaternary ammonium salt, imines, phthalocyanine, substituted phthalocyanine, azophenlyene and lactams.
51. make the technology with the interconnection structure that does not have the seamless conductor in cavity for one kind on electronic device, it comprises the following step:
Deposition insulating material on substrate,
Photoetching is determined and makes to go between and/or through hole, wherein with deposit interconnecting conductor material,
Make conductive layer as electroplated substrates,
On described electroplated substrates, make graphical photoresist layer,
By the electro-plating method described conductor material of body lotion deposit that contains additive, and
Remove described graphical photoresist.
52. the technology of claim 51, wherein said depositing step comprise that deposit Cu is as described conductor material.
53. the technology of claim 52 also comprises additive is joined step in the described body lotion, be incorporated in the described conductor material so that will contain the atom and/or the molecular fragment of the atom that is selected from C (less than 2% weight), O (less than 1% weight), N (less than 1% weight), S (less than 1% weight), Cl (less than 1% weight) on a small quantity.
54. the technology of claim 52 also comprises additive is joined step in the described body lotion, so that in described conductor, introduce the big crystallite dimension that has for thickness and/or the certain films micro-structural of random orientation crystal grain.
55. the technology of claim 52 also comprises additive is joined step in the described body lotion, be incorporated in the described conductor material, thereby strengthen deelectric transferred ability on the pure Cu so that will contain the molecular fragment of the atom that is selected from C, O, N, S, Cl.
56. the technology of claim 52 also comprises additive is joined step in the described body lotion, so that in described conductor, introduce the big crystallite dimension have for thickness and/or the certain films micro-structural of random orientation crystal grain, thereby strengthen the electric migration performance on the electroless coating Cu.
57. the technology of claim 52 also comprises the step of electroplating with the body lotion that contains the reagent that is commonly used on rough surface to produce smooth smooth deposit.
58. the technology of claim 57, wherein the conductor degree of depth surpasses 1 to the ratio of width.
59. the technology of claim 57, wherein via depth surpasses 1 to the ratio of width.
60. the technology of claim 52 also comprises the step of electroplating with the solution of the additive that contains the deposit that is commonly used to deposit light, smooth, extending or low stress.
61. the technology of claim 60, wherein the conductor degree of depth surpasses 1 to the ratio of width.
62. the technology of claim 51, wherein said depositing step also comprise the step that the upper surface that makes described substrate contacts with the surface of described body lotion.
63. the technology of claim 62, wherein said depositing step also are included in the step of the described body lotion that flows on the described surface of described body lotion.
64. the technology of claim 51, wherein said depositing step also comprises the step of electroplating with the cup-shaped electroplating pool.
65. the technology of claim 51 also comprises the step of electroplating with electroplating solution, this electroplating solution contains mantoquita, mineral acid and one or more is selected from organosulfur compound, the HMW oxygenatedchemicals that dissolves in body lotion that has water solubilising atomic group, the additive that dissolves in the polyether compound of body lotion or also may contain the organonitrogen compound that dissolves in body lotion of at least one sulphur atom.
66. the technology of claim 65, wherein said electroplating solution contain a spot of chloride ion of 10-300ppm.
67. the technology of claim 65, wherein said Cu salt is copper sulphate.
68. the technology of claim 65, wherein said mineral acid is a sulfuric acid.
69. the technology of claim 65, wherein said organosulfur compound have a sulfo group at least.
70. the technology of claim 65, wherein said organosulfur compound have two ortho position bivalent sulfur atoms at least.
71. the technology of claim 70, wherein said organosulfur compound have two ortho position sulphur atoms at least, and have at least one end sulfo group.
72. the technology of claim 65, wherein said organosulfur compound are selected from sulfhydryl propane sulfonic acid, thioglycollic acid, sulfhydryl benzothiazole-S-propane sulfonic acid and ethylene sulfo-dipropyl sulfonic acid, aminodithioformic acid, the alkali metal salt of described compound and the amine salt of described compound.
73. the technology of claim 65, the chemical formula of wherein said organosulfur compound are X-R
1-(S
n)-R
2-SO
3H, wherein the R atomic group is identical or different, and contains at least one carbon atom, and X is selected from hydrogen and sulfo group, and n is the integer of 2-5.
74. the technology of claim 65, wherein said oxygenatedchemicals is selected from polyethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol and carboxymethyl cellulose.
75. the technology of claim 65, wherein said organonitrogen compound is selected from pyridine, substituted pyridines, acid amides, quaternary ammonium salt, imines, phthalocyanine, substituted phthalocyanine, azophenlyene and lactams.
76. a technology of making interconnection structure on electronic device, it comprises the following step:
Deposit seeding layer on substrate with insulation layer and conduction region,
On described seeding layer, make the conductor material cover layer with the body lotion that contains additive,
On described cover layer, make graphical photoresist layer,
Remove not by the described conductor material of described graphical photoresist covering place, and
Remove described graphical photoresist.
77. the technology of claim 76, wherein said depositing step comprise that deposit Cu is as described conductor material.
78. the technology of claim 77 also comprises additive is joined step in the described body lotion, be incorporated in the described conductor material so that will contain the atom and/or the molecular fragment of the atom that is selected from C (less than 2% weight), O (less than 1% weight), N (less than 1% weight), S (less than 1% weight), Cl (less than 1% weight) on a small quantity.
79. the technology of claim 77 also comprises additive is joined step in the described body lotion, so that in described conductor, introduce the big crystallite dimension that has for thickness and/or the certain films micro-structural of random orientation crystal grain.
80. the technology of claim 77 also comprises additive is joined step in the described body lotion, be incorporated in the described conductor material, thereby strengthen deelectric transferred ability on the pure Cu so that will contain the molecular fragment of the atom that is selected from C, O, N, S, Cl.
81. the technology of claim 77 also comprises additive is joined step in the described body lotion, so that in described conductor, introduce the big crystallite dimension have for thickness and/or the certain films micro-structural of random orientation crystal grain, thereby strengthen the electric migration performance on the electroless coating Cu.
82. the technology of claim 77 also comprises the step of electroplating with the body lotion that contains the reagent that is commonly used on rough surface to produce smooth smooth deposit.
83. the technology of claim 82, wherein the conductor degree of depth surpasses 1 to the ratio of width.
84. the technology of claim 82, wherein via depth surpasses 1 to the ratio of width.
85. the technology of claim 77 also comprises the step of electroplating with the solution of the additive that contains the deposit that is commonly used to deposit light, smooth, extending or low stress.
86. the technology of claim 85, wherein the conductor degree of depth surpasses 1 to the ratio of width.
87. the technology of claim 76, wherein said depositing step also comprise the step that the upper surface that makes described substrate contacts with the surface of described body lotion.
88. the technology of claim 87, wherein said depositing step also are included in the step of the mobile described body lotion in described surface of described body lotion.
89. the technology of claim 76, wherein said depositing step also comprises the step of electroplating with the cup-shaped electroplating pool.
90. the technology of claim 76 also comprises the step of electroplating with electroplating solution, this electroplating solution contains mantoquita, mineral acid and one or more is selected from organosulfur compound, the HMW oxygenatedchemicals that dissolves in body lotion that has water solubilising atomic group, the additive that dissolves in the polyether compound of body lotion or also may contain the organonitrogen compound that dissolves in body lotion of at least one sulphur atom.
91. the technology of claim 90, wherein said electroplating solution contain a spot of chloride ion of 10-300ppm.
92. the technology of claim 90, wherein said Cu salt is copper sulphate.
93. the technology of claim 90, wherein said mineral acid is a sulfuric acid.
94. the technology of claim 90, wherein said organosulfur compound have a sulfo group at least.
95. the technology of claim 90, wherein said organosulfur compound have two ortho position bivalent sulfur atoms at least.
96. the technology of claim 95, wherein said organosulfur compound have two ortho position sulphur atoms at least, and have at least one end sulfo group.
97. the technology of claim 90, wherein said organosulfur compound are selected from sulfhydryl propane sulfonic acid, thioglycollic acid, sulfhydryl benzothiazole-S-propane sulfonic acid and ethylene sulfo-dipropyl sulfonic acid, aminodithioformic acid, the alkali metal salt of described compound and the amine salt of described compound.
98. the technology of claim 90, the chemical formula of wherein said organosulfur compound are X-R
1-(S
n)-R
2-SO
3H, wherein the R atomic group is identical or different, and contains at least one carbon atom, and X is selected from hydrogen and sulfo group, and n is the integer of 2-5.
99. the technology of claim 90, wherein said oxygenatedchemicals is selected from polyethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol and carboxymethyl cellulose.
100. the technology of claim 90, wherein said organonitrogen compound is selected from pyridine, substituted pyridines, acid amides, quaternary ammonium salt, imines, phthalocyanine, substituted phthalocyanine, azophenlyene and lactams.
101. a conductor that is used for the interconnection on the electronic device, it comprises:
Cu by electro-plating method is made of the body lotion that contains additive in described Cu, comprises the material that is selected from C (less than 2% weight), O (less than 1% weight), N (less than 1% weight), S (less than 1% weight), Cl (less than 1% weight) on a small quantity.
102. the conductor of claim 101 also has the big crystallite dimension for thickness and/or the certain films micro-structural of random orientation crystal grain.
103. the conductor of claim 101, wherein said small quantity of material comprises atom and/or molecular fragment.
104. the conductor of claim 101, wherein said conductor has the electromigration activation energy that is equal to or greater than 1.0eV, also comprise the big crystallite dimension that has for thickness and/or the certain films micro-structural of random orientation crystal grain, thereby strengthened the electric migration performance on the electroless coating Cu.
105. a conductor that is used for the interconnection on the electronic device, it comprises:
Have smooth basically upper surface and have the dielectric layer of groove pattern therein,
Described groove at the width at described upper surface place less than 1 micron,
Be used in and electroplate the continuous metal that obtains in the body lotion that contains additive, fill described groove, described metal comprises copper.
106. the conductor of claim 105, the degree of depth of wherein said groove is equal to or greater than 1 to the ratio of width.
107. the conductor of claim 105, wherein said groove has conductive layer on the described groove on the described dielectric layer, to be used as electroplated substrates.
108. the conductor of claim 105 also comprises the clad lining between conductive layer described in the described groove and the described dielectric layer.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB961805714A CN1181530C (en) | 1996-12-16 | 1996-12-16 | Electroplated interconnection structures on integrated circuit chips |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB961805714A CN1181530C (en) | 1996-12-16 | 1996-12-16 | Electroplated interconnection structures on integrated circuit chips |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1242107A true CN1242107A (en) | 2000-01-19 |
| CN1181530C CN1181530C (en) | 2004-12-22 |
Family
ID=5128002
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB961805714A Expired - Lifetime CN1181530C (en) | 1996-12-16 | 1996-12-16 | Electroplated interconnection structures on integrated circuit chips |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1299355C (en) * | 2002-11-07 | 2007-02-07 | 国际商业机器公司 | Mfg. tech. of packaged interface substrate wafer having wholly metallized through hole |
| CN100595343C (en) * | 2004-07-23 | 2010-03-24 | 上村工业株式会社 | Electrolytic copper plating bath and plating process therewith |
| CN102644095A (en) * | 2011-02-18 | 2012-08-22 | 三星电子株式会社 | Method of copper electroplating |
| CN108122820A (en) * | 2016-11-29 | 2018-06-05 | 中芯国际集成电路制造(上海)有限公司 | Interconnection structure and its manufacturing method |
-
1996
- 1996-12-16 CN CNB961805714A patent/CN1181530C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1299355C (en) * | 2002-11-07 | 2007-02-07 | 国际商业机器公司 | Mfg. tech. of packaged interface substrate wafer having wholly metallized through hole |
| CN100595343C (en) * | 2004-07-23 | 2010-03-24 | 上村工业株式会社 | Electrolytic copper plating bath and plating process therewith |
| CN102644095A (en) * | 2011-02-18 | 2012-08-22 | 三星电子株式会社 | Method of copper electroplating |
| CN102644095B (en) * | 2011-02-18 | 2016-06-08 | 三星电子株式会社 | Electrocoppering method |
| CN108122820A (en) * | 2016-11-29 | 2018-06-05 | 中芯国际集成电路制造(上海)有限公司 | Interconnection structure and its manufacturing method |
| CN108122820B (en) * | 2016-11-29 | 2020-06-02 | 中芯国际集成电路制造(上海)有限公司 | Interconnect structure and method of making the same |
| US11373949B2 (en) | 2016-11-29 | 2022-06-28 | Semiconductor Manufacturing International (Shanghai) Corporation | Interconnect structure having metal layers enclosing a dielectric |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1181530C (en) | 2004-12-22 |
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