CN1241555A

CN1241555A - Polynary long-acting composite fertilizer with turf as additive

Info

Publication number: CN1241555A
Application number: CN 98112898
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李生秀
Original assignee: Binxian County Lingxiu Polynary Long-Acting Compound Fertilizer Plant Xibei Agr
Current assignee: Binxian County Lingxiu Polynary Long-Acting Compound Fertilizer Plant Xibei Agr
Priority date: 1998-07-02
Filing date: 1998-07-02
Publication date: 2000-01-19

Abstract

The composite fertilizer is produced through turf preparation, addition of trace element fertilizer, coating phosphate fertilizer, coating nitrogen fertilizer, full mixing, pelletizing, drying, inspection and packing. It contains three kinds macro nutrients including nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium as well as, Fe, Mn, Zn, B, Mo and other trace elements essential for agricultural crops. Coating phosphate fertilizer and coating nitrogen fertilizer can prevent the effective components from losing and raise the utilization of chemical fertilizer.

Description

A kind of is the polynary long-acting composite fertilizer of addition material with the peat composed of rotten mosses

The present invention relates to a kind of is the polynary long-acting composite fertilizer of addition material with the peat composed of rotten mosses.

Existing nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and trace element fertilizer have very long applicating history, the height of their nutrient content, and effect of increasing production is big, and being far from farm manure can compare.But these fertilizer also have critical defect: the easy volatilization loss of the nitrogen in the nitrogenous fertilizer, also leaching loss denitrogenation easily; Phosphate fertilizer is executed after the soil, can become invalid form by chemical fixation; Trace element is executed and is become the form that crop is difficult to utilize by chemical reaction easilier on the calcareous soil.Owing to these reasons, utilization rate of fertilizer is not high always.Utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer has only 34%-28%, and the utilization ratio of phosphate fertilizer has only about 10%-15%, even aftereffect is included, also has only about 25%; Trace element utilizing rate is lower, if once all absorbed by crop to the trace element of soil application, can keep the effect in several years at least, but owing to produce failure procedure in soil, uses also to be difficult to then play one's part to the full.Often occurring yellow, little leaf disease or the like phenomenon on the fruit tree, is exactly the performance that lacks trace element.Though these phenomenons people know, there be not the method and the approach of radical cure so far.Utilization rate of fertilizer is not high, and not only effect of increasing production is low, and economical effectiveness descends, but also pollutes the environment, and causes other adverse consequences.For example, not by the nitrogenous fertilizer of crop utilization, no matter any form can be transformed into nitric nitrogen at last.Nitric nitrogen can not flowed in the underground water with water by adsorption by soil, causes groundwater azotate content to increase, and harm is the people, animal health of domestic water with underground water.Nitrate can be transformed into nitrite again, brings out cancer and produces, and the mankind are caused bigger harm.Mostly trace element is if do not increase consumption owing to utilization ratio is high, also can cause heavy metal pollution of soil by heavy metal element, both has been harmful to the coenosis of soil, also can enter food chain, directly harm humans.Phosphate fertilizer contains fluorine and the serious heavy metal element of some harm more, as lead, cadmium etc., applies in a large number, can cause that also these elements exceed standard in the soil.Therefore improve utilization rate of fertilizer, be the target that people pursue always.Improving utilization rate of fertilizer has various approach, and main have agriculture approach and an industrial approach.The agricultural approach is to improve crops to nutrient absorbing and utilization by various cultivation steps, wherein, to the needs of nutrient, determines that suitable consumption and Fertilizer Combination more have significant meaning according to the nutrient supply ability of soil and crop.Crop absorbs manyly more, then remaining in the soil must be few more, utilization rate of fertilizer is just high more.The industry approach mainly contains, and the one, straight fertilizer is made compound manure or composite fertilizer, make nutrient cooperate ratio suitable, improve crop to nutrient absorbing and utilization; The 2nd, in fertilizer, add different additive, particularly nitrogen fertilizer potentiating agent, as nitrification inhibitor, urease inhibitors etc., make the nitrogen form that applies in soil, to keep the relatively long time, prevent to be transformed into ammonium nitrogen or nitric nitrogen very soon, thereby prevent the volatilization and the leaching loss of nitrogen manure; The 3rd, adopt some ways that chemical fertilizer is wrapped up, make it become slow or slow release fertilizer, prevent loss in a short time.But these methods all have the imperfection part.Produce compound manure and invest big and big energy-consuming, and the kind of production is single, is difficult to satisfy the needs of different soils and Different Crop growth.Though it is simple, of a great variety to produce composite fertilizer technology, all is the mixing of macroelement chemical fertilizer, what mainly consider is nitrogen, phosphorus, three kinds of nutritive elements of potassium, does not consider other nutritive elements, especially micronutrient element; Even considered, also only be that trace element fertilizer is joined in the mixture simply, there is not to consider how to guarantee the validity of blended micronutrient element.Owing to fail to change the form of fertilizer, do not add the protection material yet, mix and make tending to make phosphate fertilizer to degenerate in the course of processing, reduce the phosphate fertilizer effect; Also make loss of nitrogen fertilizer easily.For example mix with calcium superphosphate and make composite fertilizer, just cause the degeneration of the available phosphorus element in the calcium superphosphate easily, make it become the insoluble phosphorus element that crop is difficult for utilization by the available diffluent phosphorus element of crop with bicarbonate of ammonia.From then on weigh,, many shortcomings and problem are arranged also though composite fertilizer has the advantage of oneself.Mostly nitrogen fertilizer potentiating agent is deleterious chemical substance, and they can suppress the activity of soil microorganisms, also enters food chain easily and causes harm to the mankind.And the effect instability is still failed widespread use so far.Though producing controlled availability fertilizer is an approach, long-acting and quick-acting often contradictions, and also the aftereffect of controlled availability fertilizer has muchly actually, still do not have scientific information so far.This shows that from industrial approach, still none bar can improve utilization rate of fertilizer so far, also can avoid bringing the very perfect way of other drawback, have many problem values to get further research and perfect.

The object of the present invention is to provide the utilization ratio that can improve existing chemical fertilizer to improve crop yield, can avoid again farmland and environment are polluted, and overcoming existing composite fertilizer, to produce existing investment big, big energy-consuming and compound fertilizer often make phosphate fertilizer degenerate in manufacturing processed, reduce the phosphate fertilizer effect, and also making a kind of of loss of nitrogen fertilizer easily is the polynary long-acting composite fertilizer of addition material with the peat composed of rotten mosses.

Improve the utilising efficiency of fertilizer, reduce the volatilization, leaching loss of fertilizer, an important channel of loss such as fixing is the advantage that one side keeps composite fertilizer or composite fertilizer, determine the consumption and the ratio of Different Nutrient Elements according to crop and soil, make the balanced and coordination of nutrient, the favourable condition that causes crop to absorb; Add suitable additive on the other hand, can prevent the volatilization of nitrogen in the fertilizer course of processing and the degeneration of phosphorus element, prevent the loss after nutrient is manured into soil, keep the long-acting of fertilizer.Through the years of researches test, find that the composite fertilizer of making as additive with the acid peat composed of rotten mosses can solve the problem of above-mentioned existence.Peat composed of rotten mosses English name is (PEAT), it is a kind of animal and plant remains, it mainly is plant remains, under undue humidity and poor aeration condition, by biological and physics chemical action is formed is not easy decomposition and is not easy mineralising, the special organic compound complex body of quite stable, contain abundant, the nutritive element that can be absorbed by crop, comprising the plant residue that does not decompose fully, the black amorphous substance that plant tissue decomposes, cellularstructure has been lost and some mineral substance are mixed with certain silt particle, outward appearance black or brown.

The present invention be achieved in that it be through select for use the peat composed of rotten mosses, the peat composed of rotten mosses handle, add in, the nitrogen of little fertilizer, parcel phosphate fertilizer, parcel nitrogenous fertilizer, the peat composed of rotten mosses and parcel, phosphorus, in, trace element fertilizer and potash fertilizer thorough mixing, granulation, drying, detection and the pack of not wrapping up and obtain.It is described select for use the peat composed of rotten mosses be select for use organic content more than 10%, the peat composed of rotten mosses that silt content is few; It is to select materials airing and carry out drying and make its water content below 10% that the described peat composed of rotten mosses is handled, pulverize then, sieve with the 4mm sieve, detect potential of hydrogen, its pH value qualified below 4.5, its PH will carry out acid treatment with sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid more than 4.5, makes its pH value below 4.5, and, determine to add the consumption of the peat composed of rotten mosses by the kind of the compound fertilizer of producing and the different requirements of special-purpose fertilizer.Peat composed of rotten mosses consumption accounts for 10%-40% by weight, and general consumption (weight) is 20%; And it is divided into three parts, and portion is used for adding, micronutrient element and wrap up nitrogenous fertilizer, and portion is used to wrap up phosphate fertilizer, the addition material that portion is used for fertilizer when mixing.In the described interpolation, little fertilizer be with in, little fertilizer is soluble in water is sprayed in the acid peat composed of rotten mosses, or will in, little fertilizer is dissolved in the sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid soln of 10%-20%, in conjunction with being carried out acid treatment, subacidity or the neutral peat composed of rotten mosses be sprayed in the peat composed of rotten mosses, want thorough mixing even after the sprinkling, the measured value variation coefficient that makes the difference sampling is below 10%.Its select for use in, little fertilizer comprises iron, zinc, boron, molybdenum, manganese etc., but the iron fertilizer ferrous sulfate, but zinc fertilizer zinc sulfate, but boron fertilizer boric acid or borax, but the molydbenum fertilizer ammonium molybdate, but the manganese fertilizer manganous sulfate.Described parcel phosphate fertilizer is with phosphate fertilizer and another part peat composed of rotten mosses thorough mixing, and its phosphate fertilizer is selected calcium superphosphate, threeflod calcium superphosphate fertilizer or diammonium phosphate for use.Described parcel nitrogenous fertilizer be with in having added, trace element and the acidated peat composed of rotten mosses and nitrogenous fertilizer thorough mixing, but its nitrogenous fertilizer is selected for use urea, ammonium nitrate, ammonium chloride or bicarbonate of ammonia.The described peat composed of rotten mosses is that phosphate fertilizer, the nitrogenous fertilizer that will wrap up the peat composed of rotten mosses fully mixes with the potash fertilizer that does not wrap up the peat composed of rotten mosses and the remaining a peat composed of rotten mosses with the fertilizer thorough mixing, but selected potash fertilizer Repone K or vitriolate of tartar.When carrying out the peat composed of rotten mosses and fertilizer thorough mixing operation, press composting kind difference and big or middle, the trace element fertilizer of adding Different Weight, the weight ratio of its each nutritive element is that nitrogen content accounts for 20-7%, Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES accounts for 15-4.7%, potassium oxide accounts for 14-4.6%, and middle amount and micronutrient element calculate change at 0.001-0.6% by effective constituent.Described granulation is to utilize tablets press to be made into the big particle of 1-4.7mm diameter.Described drying is to make its water content be reduced to the fertile required standard of compound, can carry out airing earlier before dry, enter in the ventilating drying equipment further dry then, temperature between dry epoch can not be above 60 ℃ for the fertilizer of making nitrogenous source with bicarbonate of ammonia, for the fertilizer of making nitrogenous source with urea, temperature can not be above 80 ℃, for the fertilizer of making nitrogenous source with ammonium sulfate or ammonium chloride, temperature can not be above 100 ℃, described detection is to measure its various nutrient composition contents whether to meet company standard, described packed be every packed 50kg, Marked Weight on bag, various nutrient composition contents.

The invention has the advantages that it contains amount and micronutrient element in nitrogen, phosphorus, three kinds of macronutrients of potassium and iron, manganese, zinc, boron, the molybdenum etc., invest little, cost is low, power consumption is few, with peat composed of rotten mosses parcel phosphate fertilizer and nitrogenous fertilizer, overcome phosphate fertilizer, especially calcium superphosphate directly mixes the degeneration that can cause available phosphorus in the phosphate fertilizer with alkaline nitrogenous fertilizer such as bicarbonate of ammonia, has promptly reduced the active constituent content of phosphorus element, contact generation with soil after also having avoided phosphate fertilizer directly to execute in the soil to fix.Phosphate fertilizer neither can contact with nitrogenous fertilizer behind peat composed of rotten mosses parcel, also can directly not contact with soil, and fertilizer efficiency is fast and lasting.Nitrogenous fertilizer is easy volatilization loss in the course of processing, and the peat composed of rotten mosses has huge surface-area, the nitrogen that the energy adsorbing volatilizing comes out; The peat composed of rotten mosses that acidifying is later, nitrogen and sulfate radical or hydrochloric acid root knot are closed form stable ammonium salt, thereby avoid or reduced the volatilization loss of nitrogen, avoid farmland and pollution on the environment, improve the utilization ratio of existing chemical fertilizer effectively, thereby improved crop yield.

The present invention is further described with embodiment below:

The present invention be through select for use the peat composed of rotten mosses, the peat composed of rotten mosses handle, add in, little fertilizer, parcel phosphate fertilizer, parcel nitrogenous fertilizer, the peat composed of rotten mosses and fertilizer thorough mixing, granulation, drying, detection and pack and obtain, its described peat composed of rotten mosses of selecting for use is the peat composed of rotten mosses of selecting for use China's Shaanxi Province's Bin County to be gone out, the organic content of the peat composed of rotten mosses is more than 10%, and silt content is few; It is to select materials airing and carry out drying and make its water content below 10% that the described peat composed of rotten mosses is handled, pulverize then, sieve with the 4mm sieve, detect potential of hydrogen, its PH qualified below 4.5, its PH will carry out acidification with sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid more than 4.5, make its PH below 4.5, and different by the kind of the compound fertilizer of producing and the requirement of special-purpose fertilizer, selected peat composed of rotten mosses consumption is also inequality, the weight of its peat composed of rotten mosses accounts for 10%-40%, general weight is 20%, and it is divided into three parts, and portion is used for adding, micronutrient element also wraps up nitrogenous fertilizer, portion is used to wrap up phosphate fertilizer, the addition material when portion is used for the fertilizer mixing.In the described interpolation; little fertilizer be with in; little fertilizer is soluble in water to be sprayed in the acid peat composed of rotten mosses; or in inciting somebody to action; little fertilizer is dissolved in the sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid soln of 10-20%; in conjunction with being carried out acidification, subacidity or the neutral peat composed of rotten mosses be sprayed in the peat composed of rotten mosses; want thorough mixing even after the sprinkling; the measured value variation coefficient that makes the difference sampling is below 10%; wherein but trace element selects for use ferrous sulfate; zinc sulfate; manganous sulfate; ammonium molybdate; boric acid or borax etc.; described parcel phosphate fertilizer is with phosphate fertilizer and another part peat composed of rotten mosses thorough mixing; its phosphate fertilizer is selected calcium superphosphate for use; threeflod calcium superphosphate fertilizer or diammonium phosphate; described parcel nitrogenous fertilizer is with in having added; trace element and the acidated peat composed of rotten mosses and nitrogenous fertilizer thorough mixing; its nitrogenous fertilizer is selected urea for use; ammonium nitrate; ammonium chloride or bicarbonate of ammonia; the described peat composed of rotten mosses and fertilizer thorough mixing are during usefulness has been sprayed; nitrogenous fertilizer that the peat composed of rotten mosses of micronutrient element has wrapped up and the phosphate fertilizer that wrapped up with the peat composed of rotten mosses is not with potash fertilizer and the remaining a peat composed of rotten mosses of parcel fully mix; but selected potash fertilizer Repone K or vitriolate of tartar; when carrying out the peat composed of rotten mosses and fertilizer thorough mixing operation; press composting kind difference and add the big of Different Weight; in; trace element fertilizer; the weight ratio of its each nutritive element is that nitrogen content accounts for 20-7%; Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES accounts for 15-4.7%; potassium oxide accounts for 14-4.6%; middle amount and micronutrient element calculate change at 0.001-0.6% by effective constituent; described granulation is to utilize tablets press to be made into the big particle of 1-4.7mm diameter; described drying is to make its water content be reduced to the fertile required standard of compound; can carry out airing earlier before dry; enter in the ventilating drying equipment further dry then; temperature between dry epoch can not be above 60 ℃ for the fertilizer temperature of making nitrogenous source with bicarbonate of ammonia; for the fertilizer of making nitrogenous source with urea; temperature can not be above 80 ℃; for the fertilizer of making nitrogenous source with ammonium sulfate or ammonium chloride; temperature can not be above 100 ℃; described detection is to measure its various nutrient composition contents whether to meet company standard; described pack is every packed 50kg, Marked Weight on bag; various nutrient composition contents.The present invention will determine according to the demand of Different Crop and the situation of agricultural land soil supply nutrient itself when every kind of a large amount of, middle amount of proportioning and micronutrient element composition, for example, wheat needs nitrogen more, and the ratio of the nitrogen of requirement and phosphorus element (Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES) is 3-4, but at present many local soil lacks the phosphorus element, nitrogen, phosphorus ratio are seriously lacked of proper care, at this situation, in prescription, improved the ratio of phosphorus, the content that makes nitrogen is 15.6%, the content of phosphorus is 7.8%, and nitrogen, phosphorus ratio are 2.North calcareous soil potassium element is abundanter, can satisfy the needs of crop growth in the ordinary course of things, so the potassium cellulose content is low in the prescription, only is 4.5%.Wheat is a kind of crop to the manganese sensitivity, and the calcareous soil in the north lacks mostly again and can be made for effective manganese that thing utilizes, and has therefore added manganous sulfate in prescription, makes that the content of manganese reaches 0.54% in the composite fertilizer.The fertilizer formula of other crop has also all been considered the situation of needs and the soil supply nutrient of crop simultaneously.

Claims

A kind of is the polynary long-acting composite fertilizer of addition material with the peat composed of rotten mosses, it is through selecting the peat composed of rotten mosses for use, the peat composed of rotten mosses is handled, in the interpolation, little fertilizer, parcel phosphate fertilizer, parcel nitrogenous fertilizer, the peat composed of rotten mosses and fertilizer thorough mixing, granulation, dry, detect and pack and obtain, it is characterized in that the described peat composed of rotten mosses of selecting for use is to select for use organic content more than 10%, the peat composed of rotten mosses that silt content is few, it is to select materials airing and carry out drying and make its water content below 10% that the described peat composed of rotten mosses is handled, pulverize then, sieve with the 4mm sieve, detect potential of hydrogen, its PH qualified below 4.5, its PH will carry out acid treatment with sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid more than 4.5, make its PH below 4.5, and different by the kind of the compound fertilizer of producing and the requirement of special-purpose fertilizer, selected peat composed of rotten mosses consumption is also inequality, the consumption weight of its peat composed of rotten mosses accounts for 10%-40%, general weight is 20%, and it is divided into three parts, portion is used for adding, micronutrient element also wraps up nitrogenous fertilizer, portion is used to wrap up phosphate fertilizer, addition material when portion is used for the fertilizer mixing, in the described interpolation, little fertilizer be with in, little fertilizer is soluble in water to be sprayed in the acid peat composed of rotten mosses, or in inciting somebody to action, little fertilizer is dissolved in the sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid soln of 10-20%, in conjunction with being carried out acidification, subacidity or the neutral peat composed of rotten mosses be sprayed in the peat composed of rotten mosses, want thorough mixing even after the sprinkling, the measured value variation coefficient that makes the difference sampling is below 10%, wherein, but trace element select the iron fertilizer ferrous sulfate for use, but zinc fertilizer zinc sulfate, but boron fertilizer boric acid or borax, but molydbenum fertilizer ammonium molybdate, but manganese fertilizer manganous sulfate; Described parcel phosphate fertilizer is with phosphate fertilizer and another part peat composed of rotten mosses thorough mixing; its phosphate fertilizer is selected calcium superphosphate for use; threeflod calcium superphosphate fertilizer or diammonium phosphate; described parcel nitrogenous fertilizer is with in having added; trace element and the acidated peat composed of rotten mosses and nitrogenous fertilizer thorough mixing; its nitrogenous fertilizer is selected urea for use; ammonium nitrate; ammonium chloride or bicarbonate of ammonia; the described peat composed of rotten mosses and fertilizer thorough mixing are during usefulness has been sprayed; nitrogenous fertilizer that the peat composed of rotten mosses of micronutrient element has wrapped up and fully mix with the potash fertilizer that does not wrap up the peat composed of rotten mosses and the remaining a peat composed of rotten mosses with the phosphate fertilizer that the peat composed of rotten mosses has wrapped up; but selected potash fertilizer Repone K or vitriolate of tartar; when carrying out the peat composed of rotten mosses and fertilizer thorough mixing operation; press composting kind difference and add the big of Different Weight; in; trace element fertilizer; the weight ratio of its each nutritive element is that nitrogen content accounts for 20-7%; Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES accounts for 15-4.7%; potassium oxide accounts for 14-4.6%; middle amount and micronutrient element calculate change at 0.001-0.6% by effective constituent; described granulation is to utilize tablets press to be made into the big particle of 1-4.7mm diameter; described drying is to make its water content be reduced to the fertile required standard of compound; can carry out airing earlier before dry; enter in the ventilating drying equipment further dry then; temperature between dry epoch can not be above 60 ℃ for the fertilizer temperature of making nitrogenous source with bicarbonate of ammonia; for the fertilizer of making nitrogenous source with urea; temperature can not be above 80 ℃; for the fertilizer of making nitrogenous source with ammonium sulfate or ammonium chloride; temperature can not be above 100 ℃; described detection is to measure its various nutrient composition contents whether to meet company standard; described pack is every packed 50kg, Marked Weight on bag; various nutrient composition contents.