CN1230240A - 用于连接套管的装置 - Google Patents

用于连接套管的装置 Download PDF

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CN1230240A
CN1230240A CN97197868.9A CN97197868A CN1230240A CN 1230240 A CN1230240 A CN 1230240A CN 97197868 A CN97197868 A CN 97197868A CN 1230240 A CN1230240 A CN 1230240A
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J·耶德波
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B19/00—Handling rods, casings, tubes or the like outside the borehole, e.g. in the derrick; Apparatus for feeding the rods or cables
    • E21B19/16—Connecting or disconnecting pipe couplings or joints
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B19/00—Handling rods, casings, tubes or the like outside the borehole, e.g. in the derrick; Apparatus for feeding the rods or cables
    • E21B19/02—Rod or cable suspensions
    • E21B19/06—Elevators, i.e. rod- or tube-gripping devices
    • E21B19/07—Slip-type elevators
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B3/00—Rotary drilling
    • E21B3/02—Surface drives for rotary drilling
    • E21B3/022—Top drives

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种用于将管子(3)相互连接而形成套管(1)的装置。一根欲加装到套管(1)顶部的新管于(3)从与绞车相连的升降机(4)上悬挂下来,绞车与升降机(4)上方的顶部驱动装置(7)相连。该装置包括一个管状液压伸缩管装置(9,10),其一端与顶部驱动装置(7)的输出轴(8)相连,其另一端带有一个抓取器(11),该抓取器适于夹持、提升和旋转管子(3)。该抓取器(11)适于被导入管子(3)并膨胀而抵压着所述管子,从而形成内部摩擦连接。

Description

用于连接套管的装置
本发明涉及一种用于连接套管的装置。
油井、气井是通过设置一种被称为套管的管子而对准的，所述套管可通过将水泥浆灌注到套管外部的环形腔中而凝固定位。
所述套管是通过将较短的管子相互旋合连接而形成的，这种旋合连接借助于螺纹连接实现。新管子被加装到套管的顶端，然后在油井中下降一根管子的长度。在新管子能够加装到套管顶端之前，套管中要再次充注液体。
连接在一起以形成相连套管的管子在其每一端均带有外螺纹部分，这些管子借助于具有内螺纹的外部管节而相互连接。在将新管子加装到套管的顶端之前，管节先旋入管子顶端的螺纹部分一半的距离，使得管节构成了管子的一小段延伸部分。新管子从称作升降机的环箍上悬挂下来，所述环箍在管节下方封闭环绕着管子。从管节悬挂下来的管子能够在升降机中旋转。
升降机与一个用于竖直定位的强力绞车相连。管子借助于绞车而下降，直到管子下端的螺纹与套管顶端管节中的互补螺纹啮合。一个工具、即一个旋转器夹住并环绕管子，并为了将管子旋入套管顶端的管节而使之绕自身轴线转动。然后，再借助一个力矩工具使这种螺纹连接旋紧达到预定力矩。接着，从最后加装的管子上端管节上悬挂下来的套管下降并进入油井，重复这一过程，现在，位于最后加装管子上端的管节处于套管的上端，并准备接纳新管子的一端。
上述已有技术具有多个缺点。绞车是一个具有数百吨提升能力的笨重装置。这就很难精确调整竖直位置，当新管子向套管顶部下降时，螺纹很容易被损坏。因为管子是旋入套管顶部的，所以必须再次调整升降机的位置，即让升降机下降。为了避免螺纹磨损或者以其它方式损坏，管子应下降以使螺纹上不产生任何明显的轴向力，同时管子转动并旋入套管的顶部。如上所述，这些要求很难由绞车实现。
将新管子旋入套管顶部的旋转器非常昂贵。另外，它需要很大空间，因为在使用时它必须能够环绕着最大的套管。
将液体注入套管的操作会产生液体泄漏，使得钻井平台变滑而危险，这就需要经常打扫和清洁平台。
本发明的一个目的是提供一种装置，该装置将欲旋入套管顶部的管子的改进竖直定位位置加以固定。本发明的另一个目的是避免使用已知的旋转工具。本发明的再一个目的是在加装新管子后，简化液体充注套管的操作，还有一个目的是避免液体泄漏。
通过下面的说明和权利要求中所述的特征，本发明的目的将得以实现。
根据本发明，一根新管子从已知的升降机上悬挂下来。而且，如已知的那样，预先假定有一个常用于钻井的顶部驱动旋转系统、即所谓的“顶部驱动装置”，将它与位于比升降机更高高度处的绞车相连。
根据本发明，有一个管状伸缩工具，其一端适于以对应于普通钻管的方式安装到顶部驱动装置的输出轴上。
然后，用于将液体供应给钻管的管子、阀和其它部件能够将液体供应给管状伸缩工具。
该工具的下端可以伸缩并带有一个适于与从升降机上悬挂下来的管子的上端形成紧固连接的连接件。另外，该连接件适于向管子传递扭矩和轴向力。这样，顶部驱动装置可以使工具和从升降机上悬挂下来的管子转动。管子可以借助伸缩管在升降机中上升。
如前所述，欲被加装在套管顶部的管子从升降机上悬挂下来。连接件借助伸缩管作用被向下导引至管子的上端并被致动。接着，管子在伸缩管的作用下略有上升，在并不上升的升降机中滑动。该管子通过绞车大致定位在套管顶部的上方。接着，该管子在伸缩管的作用下下降以与套管接触，并且在顶部驱动装置的作用下转动。该管子在伸缩管作用下逐步下降，同时旋入套管的顶部。最后，将这种螺纹连接紧固达到预定力矩。再通过通常与顶部驱动装置相连的管道系统充注液体。然后释放松脱连接件并将其提起脱离管子顶部，此后借助升降机以前述方式使套管下降进入油井，对于每一根新管子均重复这一过程。
上述工具将通过非限制性的实施例进一步加以描述，附图中带有参考标记，其中：
图1示意性地表示了用于连接套管的装置的侧视图，一个抓取器准备夹住管子的上端，所述管子要被加到套管的顶部；
图2表示了抓取器夹住管子之后的装置；
图3表示了管子在升降机中被提升之后的装置；
图4表示了管子准备加装到套管顶部时的装置；
图5表示了管子已加装到套管顶部时的装置；
图6表示了局部剖开并被放大的抓取器侧视图，所述抓取器从内部夹住管子。
图1中，序号1表示了一个套管，套管1顶端的外螺纹部分与带有相配内螺纹的外管节2旋合。管节2形成了套管1的内部带有螺纹的延伸部分。
其两端均带有外螺纹部分的管子3向下悬挂，它的下端高于套管1和管节2一小段距离，所述管子3准备下降，使其下端能够插入管节2的上端并旋入管节2。
管子3从升降机4上悬挂下来，该升降机4借助弓形架、环箍或者杆5与绞车(未表示)相连，所述绞车设置在通常与钻井相关的装置中。升降机4在环箍6的下方封闭环绕管子3，所述环箍6先前已经旋合在管子3上端的外螺纹上。环箍6形成了管子3的外部带有螺纹的延伸部分，所述管子3从环箍6上悬挂下来。
顶部驱动装置7(钻机)通常与所述绞车相连。顶部驱动装置7的输出轴8安装在伸缩管9的上端，如前所述，其长度可以通过推动管元件10、使之伸出或者进入伸缩管9中来加以改变，这最好借助于液压致动器(未表示)来实现。在管元件10的自由端设置有一个抓取器或者抓钩11。该抓取器11适于导入管子3并膨胀以抵压着管子，从而形成内部摩擦连接。液体可以穿过伸缩管9和管元件10流动，管元件10在抓取器11的下方开口。伸缩管9的致动器和抓取器11所需的动力和控制信号通过软管12由旋转装置13加以供应。用于再充注套管的液体借助于液体管道系统14从顶部驱动装置7处供应，所述液体管道系统14用于在钻井过程中循环钻井液。
现在参见图6，其中以截面形式表示了抓取器11，该抓取器在管子3中运动。在图示实施例中，抓取器11包括一个预成型的软囊15，它位于管元件10的外侧，并由橡胶或者塑料等弹性材料制成。软囊两端的直径调整到适于管元件10的大小，其它地方的直径比管子3的内径稍小一些。在其上端和下端，软囊15通过上、下外部夹钳16、17固定到管元件10上，使得在管元件10和软囊15之间形成封闭的环形腔18。有一根管子19在管元件10中延伸，它穿过管元件10的管壁并与环形腔18连通。通过管子19能够供应液压流体或者压力气体，使环形腔18受压，这样，弹性软囊15膨胀而抵压着管子3，管子19通过旋转装置13和多根软管12中的一个软管连接在一个压力源(未表示)上。
另外，在管元件10中设置有一根管子20，该管子20的开口在管元件的下端并且它既可以通过图示的管元件10的管壁、通过旋转装置13、也可以通过其它方式与软囊15上方的自由空气相通，以便当管子3通过伸缩管9和下部管元件10充满液体时将空气导出。
当要加装在套管1顶部的管子3通过环箍6以前述图1所示的已知方式从升降机上悬挂下来时，通过软管12和旋转装置13，液压致动器(未表示)起作用，使没有受压的软囊15借助于伸缩管9和下部管元件10被向下导引到管子中，见图2。如上所述，软囊15通过管子19加压，使得该软囊15膨胀并与管子3形成强力的摩擦连接。如图3所示，借助所述致动器，管元件10被推向上方并进入伸缩管9，使得管子3上升并在升降机4中滑动。如图4所示，借助所述绞车，提升滑轮组驱动升降机4，并且顶部驱动装置7下降，直到管子3的下端位于比套管1顶部的管节2稍高一小段距离的位置处为止。通过借助于所述致动器将管元件10从伸缩管9向外延伸，管子3继续下降，使得管子3下端的外螺纹与管节2中的相配螺纹啮合。伸缩管9、管元件10以及管子3通过顶部驱动装置7绕它们自身的轴线旋转，使得管子3旋入管节2。同时，如图5所示，借助所示致动器，管元件10从伸缩管9中延伸而出，结果是管子3与旋合同步地下降。接着，借助于力矩工具(未表示)，以已知的方式将这种螺纹连接旋紧而达到前述力矩。延伸了的套管1下降入井中，再通过伸缩管9和管元件10由管子系统14供应液体向管中充注。环形腔18中的压力降低，而借助于所述致动器，管元件10被推进伸缩管9中，从而使软囊15从管子3中被推起，此后重复进行该过程，以便将另外一个管子加装到套管1的顶部。

Claims (3)

1．一种用于将管子(3,6)相互连接以形成套管(1)的装置，其中一根欲加装到套管(1)顶部的新管子(3,6)从与绞车相连的升降机(4)上悬挂下来，并且有一个顶部驱动装置(7)或者类似的钻机设置在升降机(4)的上方，该装置包括一个由液压流体驱动的伸缩管装置(9,10)的，该伸缩管装置的上端与所述顶部驱动装置/钻机(7)的向下输出轴(8)相连，其下端带有一个抓取器(11)，该抓取器适于进入所述新管子(3,6)的上端一段距离，以与内管部分相面对形成具有抗扭转强度的摩擦连接，所述新管子(3,6)从所述升降机(4)上悬挂下来，从而使所述新管子(3,6)能相对于套管(1)转动，其特征在于，所述抓取器(11)包括一个弹性可膨胀的软囊(15)，该软囊具有预成型的中间筒状部分和锥形端部，该锥形端部与向下延伸的管元件(10)形成防流体泄漏的且具有抗扭转强度的连接，所述管元件位于所述伸缩管装置(9,10)之中，使得抓取器(11)既能插入所述新管子(3,6)的上部、又能从中抽出，所述软囊(15)加工成能够在不膨胀状态下无阻碍地插入所述新管子(3,6)/从所述新管子(3,6)中抽出，并且使其在膨胀状态下与所述管子(3,6)的内壁部分形成抗扭的摩擦连接。
2．如权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，所述软囊(15)分别由橡胶或者类似橡胶的塑性材料或者其它橡胶类的物质构成；并且其两个锥形端部中的每一个均形成环形外端，每一端均最好借助于外部夹钳(16,17)与伸缩管装置(9,10)的所述管元件(10)形成防流体泄漏的且具有抗扭转强度的连接。
3．如权利要求1或2所述的装置，其特征在于，有一根细的液压流体输送管(19)穿过伸缩管装置(9,10)、并穿过管元件(10)的管壁延伸，其开口端位于环形内腔(18)之中，所述内腔(18)由软囊(15)从外部限定，这样使得当所述新管子(3,6)牢固地旋合在套管(1)的上端时，使环形腔(18)分别受压或者释压。
CN97197868A 1996-09-13 1997-09-10 用于连接套管的装置 Expired - Fee Related CN1074500C (zh)

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NO963823L (no) 1998-03-16
CN1074500C (zh) 2001-11-07
NO302774B1 (no) 1998-04-20
US6161617A (en) 2000-12-19
WO1998011322A1 (en) 1998-03-19
NO963823D0 (no) 1996-09-13

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