CN1228646A - 远程光纤中继系统 - Google Patents

远程光纤中继系统 Download PDF

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CN1228646A
CN1228646A CN98126603A CN98126603A CN1228646A CN 1228646 A CN1228646 A CN 1228646A CN 98126603 A CN98126603 A CN 98126603A CN 98126603 A CN98126603 A CN 98126603A CN 1228646 A CN1228646 A CN 1228646A
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CN1189046C (zh
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李孝珍
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LG Uplus Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/25—Arrangements specific to fibre transmission
    • H04B10/2575—Radio-over-fibre, e.g. radio frequency signal modulated onto an optical carrier
    • H04B10/25752—Optical arrangements for wireless networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
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Abstract

为拓宽一个基站的服务范围,公开了一种带有光纤系统的移动通信系统。这种光纤移动通信系统包括由主光纤中继器中的多个组合器处理的多个从光纤中继器。通过利用多个组合器,接收噪声水平大大降低并且每个主光纤中继器所能控制的从光纤中继器的数目也可以增加。

Description

远程光纤中继系统
本发明涉及一种移动通信系统的光纤系统，特别涉及远程移动通信系统的光纤系统。
通常，移动通信系统允许在移动通信站间的无线数据通信。如图1所示的移动通信系统包括一个移动交换中心和一个基站，基站通过从移动站向移动交换中心发送数据或从移动交换中心由移动站接收数据而给多个移动站提供双向通信服务。基站向移动站有效提供服务的距离由基站和移动站间逐渐增大的传输损失决定。
由于移动通信系统的需求增大，发展了光纤系统以扩大基站的服务范围。参照图1，光纤系统包括一个主光纤中继器，其通过光缆连着一个从光纤中继器。从光纤中继器接收来自移动站的数据并通过光缆将数据转发给基站。同样，从光纤中继器接收来自基站的数据并将其传输给移动站。这样，光纤系统能有效减少在基站和移动站间的传输损失。
虽然光纤系统一定程度上扩大了一个基站有效传输和接收射频(RF)信号的距离，但是，在象大山的深处、崎岖的山谷或地下洞穴这样的无人居住和偏远的地方，一个基站可以连接的光纤系统的个数受到反向链路噪声限值的限制。象这些难以覆盖的地方通常称作盲区。为解决这些传输问题，在地面上建造了很多基站以覆盖盲区。但是，建造和维护基站的费用正成为一个大负担。
本发明的一个目的是解决所述技术的问题和不便。
具体地说，本发明的目的是提供一种能提供高质量远程通信服务的光纤系统。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种光纤系统，它能以最小的投资扩展移动通信系统基站所能覆盖的范围。
本发明其它的优点、目的和特性一部分将在下面的描述中提出，另一部分对于那些在本技术领域内有基本技能的人通过考察下述说明将是显然的，或可由本发明的实施例而得知。根据所附的权利要求中将能实现本发明的目的和优点。
为达到这些目的并和本发明的目标相一致，在这里将充分描述光纤移动通信系统的一个实施例，包括一个基站的多个从光纤中继器和主光纤中继器内的一个组合器，它将多个从光纤中继器来的信号进行组合。在光纤移动通信系统的另一实施例中，主光纤中继器内的多个组合器将来自多个从光纤中继器的信号进行组合。
将参照附图对本发明进行详尽的描述，图中相同的参考标号代表同样的元件。
图1是背景技术中光纤移动通信系统的方框图。
图2是按照本发明的一个光纤移动通信系统的实施例。
图3(a)和(b)是光纤移动通信系统的网络图。
图4是按照本发明的光纤移动通信系统的第二实施例。
如图2所示，按照本发明的一个光纤移动通信系统的实施例包括基站100，主光纤中继器200，和分布在基站周围的多个从光纤中继器300。每个从光纤中继器在一定区域范围内接收和发送射频(RF)信号。基站100有一个发射天线1和第一、第二两个接收天线2、3，这些天线都安装在基站塔4上。从光纤中继器也有一个发射天线5和一个接收天线6。
当移动站发射了一个RF信号，接收天线2、3和6RF接收信号。第一接收天线2直接将接收到的RF信号发送到基站组合器(basecombiner)31。第二接收天线3直接将接收到的RF信号发送到第一低噪声放大器(LNA)和滤波器32。接收天线6将在所分配的频率范围内接收到的RF信号发送到从光纤中继器300的一个从LNA/滤波器10。RF信号在空中传输过程中吸收了噪声，LNA10放大了RF信号和噪声。滤波器10接收到放大的RF信号，选出适合基站100的RF信号。滤波器10通常是一个带通滤波器。选出的信号通过一个射频/光(RF/Optic)转换器12转换成光信号，这样RF信号作为一个光信号通过光缆传输到主光纤中继器200。
主光纤中继器200有多个光/射频(optic/RF)转换器20，其数目对应于从光纤中继器300的数目，每个optic/RF转换器20通过一根光缆连向一个从光纤中继器300。同样，每个optic/RF转换器20接收来自从光纤中继器300的光信号，并将光信号转换成RF信号。组合器24接收optic/RF，转换器20转换的RF信号，并把多个RF信号组合成一个RF信号。
基站100的基站组合器31组合来自第一接收天线2的RF信号和来自主光纤中继器200的组合器24的RF信号。组合后的信号送到第二LNA/滤波器33。第一LNA32直接接收来自第二接收天线3的RF信号，第一LNA32放大RF信号和接收天线3吸收的噪声，而第二LNA33放大接收天线2和6吸收的RF信号和噪声。滤波器32和33分别接收来自LNA32、33的放大的RF信号，并选出适合基站100的RF信号。来自第一和第二LNA/滤波器32、33的选出信号分别发送到下行转换器35、36。
第一和第二下行转换器35、36将接收到的RF信号转换成基带频率信号并将信号发送到CDMA信道38。CDMA信道38从基带信号中选出适当的数据，并将选出的数据送到移动交换中心(没有示出)。具体地说，选出的数据通过一个回程接口单元40发送到移动交换中心，一个定时器/控制单元39输出一个时间信号以同步控制信号和数据，从而指定一个传输数据的通信信道。定时器/控制单元39还控制基站100的其它元件。
另一方面，当一个RF信号从基站100发送到移动站，数据从移动交换中心通过回程接口单元40送到CDMA信道38。定时器/控制单元39输出一个时间信号和一个控制信号以指定一个通信信道，其中一个信道是用来接收来自移动交换中心的数据。CDMA信道38将接收到的数据组合在一个基带信号中，一个上行转换器37将基带信号转换成高频信号。一个大功率放大器(HPA)和滤波器34接收来自上行转换器37的高频信号。HPA34将信号放大到一个合适的电平以便于发射天线1有效发射，滤波器34滤去被放大信号不必要的成分。然后信号直接发送到发射天线1和通过发射耦合器30发送到主光纤中继器200。
主光纤中继器200的RF/Optic转换器23接收从基站100传来的RF信号，并把RF信号转换成光信号。这些光信号被分配器22分成许多光信号，每个光信号通过一根光缆传输给基站100周围的多个从光纤中继器300中的某一个。
从光纤中继器300接收光信号并通过optic/RF转换器13将这个信号转换成RF信号。这个RF信号被送到从HPA/滤波器11，它放大信号并滤出信号中合适的部分。这个合适的RF信号通过发射天线5发射出去。
所述的光纤移动通信系统利用现有的基站能够在大型建筑物和地下建筑物内实现充分的通信。利用一个光纤移动通信系统，原来由8个基站覆盖的区域，现在可只由4个基站就可覆盖。图3(a)是一个移动通信系统的网络图，图3(b)是一个光纤移动通信系统的网络图。如图所示，光纤移动通信系统可以代替四个基站。然而，因为有N个从中继器连接在基站上以拓宽移动通信覆盖的范围，接收噪声也就增加了10log(N+1)dB。因为噪声水平的增大，为有效接收信号的从光纤中继器的数目就大大减少了，这样移动通信的一个基站所能覆盖的区域也就受到了限制。
按照本发明的光纤移动通信系统的第二实施例在主光纤中继器内有多个组合器。和在第一实施例中一样，在第二实施例中的光纤移动通信系统也有多个从光纤中继器。然而，这多个从光纤中继器被分开由多个组合器处理而不是由一个组合器来处理所有从光纤中继器的接收信号。
如图4所示，光纤移动通信系统的第二实施例包括一个发射天线和两个接收天线；N个从光纤中继器110-113；一个主光纤中继器500和一个基站400。基站的信号以如第一实施例参照图2描述的相同方式发射。从光纤中继器的功能也和参照图2描述的一样，每个从光纤中继器通过一个LNA/滤波器和一个RF/Optic转换器处理接收天线接收的一个信号，并通过一个optic/RF转换器和一个HPA/滤波器在发射天线发射一个信号之前处理信号。然而，主光纤中继器500和基站400对来自从光纤中继器的信号的处理方式不一样。
主光纤中继器500有一个RF/Optic转换器140和分配器130以发射信号。对于信号接收，主光纤中继器500有N个optic/RF转换器120-123，其数目和从光纤中继器的数目相对应；以及第一、第二组合器150,151。N个从光纤中继器110-113被分成和主光纤中继器内组合器数目相同的个数，在本例中是两个。然后，前N/2个从光纤中继器110-111被分配给第一组合器150，另N/2个从光纤中继器112-113被分配到第二组合器151。虽然，在本实施例中将N个从光纤中继器只是简单地分成前一半和另一半，但是N个从光纤中继器可以根据系统和设计者的需要按照任何方式分成和组合器数目相同的组数。
因此，N个optic/RF转换器120-123通过光缆接收来自N个从光纤中继器110-113的光缆信号并将信号转换成RF信号。第一组合器150接收来自optic/RF转换器122-123的前N/2个RF信号，optic/RF转换器122-123对应于分配给第一组合器的从光纤中继器110-111，组合器150将这N/2个RF信号组合成一个信号。第二组合器151通过与分配给第二组合器151的从光纤中继器112-113相对应的optic/RF转换器120-121接收余下的N/2个信号并将这N/2个信号组合成一个信号。
基站400有第一和第二基站组合器160,161接收来自第一和第二组合器的150,151的无线信号。特别指出，第一基站组合器160接收来自第一组合器150组合的N/2个从光纤中继器信号的组合信号。第一基站组合器160也直接接收来自第一基站接收天线的无线信号。第一基站组合器160将来自第一天线的无线信号和来自N/2个从光纤中继器的无线信号组合在一起。同样，第二基站组合器161接收来自第二组合器151组合的余下的N/2个从光纤中继器信号的组合信号并直接接收来自第二基站接收天线的无线信号。第二基站组合器161将来自第二天线的无线信号和来自余下的N/2个从光纤中继器的无线信号组合在一起。
第一和第二基站组合器160,161的组合信号被发送到第一和第二LNA/滤波器180,181以进行放大和带通滤波。然后，信号由第一和第二下行转换器200,201转换成低频信号并被发送到CDMA信道220以传输到移动交换中心。一个回程接口单元240和一个定时器/控制单元230连接CDMA信道220和移动交换中心之间信号的发送和接收。和第一实施例相类似，定时器/控制单元230控制基站400其它元件的定时。最后，基站400还包括一个上行转换器210，一个HPA/滤波器190，一个发射耦合器170以处理要发射的信号。
在RF信号接收时，组合过程导致了耦合损失。因此，在RF信号发射过程中，应控制增益量以和耦合损失的电平相一致。发射耦合器170也和主光纤中继器500相连接，发送到主光纤中继器500的信号电平大约是直接通过发射天线发射的信号的千分之一。
总之，多个从光纤中继器扩大了一个基站的移动通信所能覆盖的范围。此外，在主光纤中继器中可使用多个组合器而不降低移动信号发射的质量。更详细地说，通过利用两个组合器150和151,N个从光纤中继器的接收噪声水平可减少到10log(N/2)。这样，在每个基站周围可建造更多从光纤中继器以拓宽移动通信覆盖的范围，因此可不必建造许多造价昂贵的基站。
所述实施例仅仅是示范性的，不能认为它限制了本发明。本讲解很容易应用到其它类型的仪器中去。本发明的描述是说明性的，并不限制权利要求的范围。对于那些在本技术领域有经验的人来说，很多替代、修正和变型是显然的。

Claims (17)

1．光纤移动通信系统，包括：
多个从光纤中继器，发送RF发射信号并接收RF接收信号，所述的每个从光纤中继器将RF接收信号转换成光接收信号并传输光接收信号；
主光纤中继器，将光发射信号输送到所述多个从光纤中继器并接收光接收信号，所述的主光纤中继器将接收光信号转换成RF接收信号，用至少一个组合器组合光接收信号，并传输多个组合RF信号；
多根光缆，连接所述多个从光纤中继器和所述主光纤中继器，所述多根光缆在所述多个从光纤中继器和所述主光纤中继器之间传输多个光信号；
基站，其发送RF发射信号到所述主光纤中继器并接收多个RF组合信号，所述基站处理RF组合信号并将其发送到移动交换中心。
2．如权利要求1的光纤移动通信系统，其特征在于，所述主光纤中继器包括多个组合器。
3．如权利要求1的光纤移动通信系统，其特征在于，所述主光纤中继器还包括：
多个光/射频转换器，其数目和所述从光纤中继器的数目相对应，所述多个光/射频转换器接收光接收信号并将其转换成RF接收信号。
4．如权利要求3的光纤移动通信系统，其特征在于，所述主光纤中继器还包括：
射频/光转换器，接收RF发射信号并将其转换成光发射信号；
分配器，接收光发射信号并将其分成多个光发射信号，所述分配器通过所述多根光缆将多个发射光信号输送到所述多个从光纤中继器。
5．如权利要求1的光纤移动通信系统，其特征在于，所述每个从光纤中继器包括：
光/射频转换器，其接收光发射信号并将其转换成RF发射信号；
从HPA/滤波器接收来自所述光/射频转换器的RF发射信号，放大并滤波RF发射信号，并发送RF发射信号；
从LNA/滤波器，接收RF接收信号，放大并滤波RF接收信号；
射频/光转换器接收来自所述从LNA/滤波器的RF接收信号并将其转换成光接收信号；所述射频/光转换器通过所述多根光缆中的一根将光信号输送到所述主光纤中继器。
6．如权利要求1的光纤移动通信系统，其特征在于，所述主光纤中继器包括两个组合器，两个组合器中的第一个组合器组合来自所述多个从光纤中继器的前一半的RF接收信号，两个组合器中的第二个组合器组合来自所述多个从光纤中继器的另一半的RF接收信号。
7．如权利要求6的光纤移动通信系统，其特征在于，所述基站包括：
发射天线，发送RF发射信号；
第一和第二接收天线，接收RF接收信号；
第一基站组合器，接收并组合来自所述第一接收天线和所述第一组合器的RF接收信号，所述第一基站组合器输出第一组合RF接收信号；
第二基站组合器，接收并组合来自所述第二接收天线和所述第二组合器的RF接收信号，所述第二基站组合器输出第二组合RF接收信号；
第一LNA/滤波器，其接收、放大并滤波第一组合RF接收信号，所述第一LNA/滤波器输出一个滤波后的第一RF接收信号；
第二LNA/滤波器，其接收、放大并滤波第二组合RF接收信号，所述第二LNA/滤波器输出一个滤波后的第二RF接收信号。
8．如权利要求7的光纤移动通信系统，其特征在于，所述基站还包括：
第一下行转换器，其接收滤波后的第一RF接收信号并将其转换成第一基带接收信号，所述第一下行转换器输出第一基带接收信号；
第二下行转换器，接收滤波后的第二RF接收信号并将其转换成第二基带接收信号，所述第二下行转换器输出第二基带接收信号；
CDMA信道，接收第一和第二基带接收信号并接收发射数据，所述CDMA信道将第一和第二基带接收信号发送到移动交换中心，所述CDMA信道输出发射数据；
上行转换器，其接收发射数据并将其转换成RF发射信号，所述上行转换器输出RF发射信号；
HPA/滤波器，其接收、放大并滤波RF发射信号，所述HPA/滤波器通过所述发射天线输出滤波后的RF发射信号；
耦合器，其耦合到所述HPA/滤波器上，以接收RF发射信号的一部分并将这部分RF发射信号输送到所述主光纤中继器。
9．如权利要求8的光纤移动通信系统，其特征在于，所述基站还包括：
定时器/控制单元，其输出一个时间信号和控制信号以指明将第一和第二基带RF信号发送到移动交换中心和接收发射数据的通信信道；
回程接口单元，其连接所述CDMA信道向移动交换中心发送第一和第二基带RF接收信号，和连接由所述CDMA信道接收发射数据的过程。
10．光纤移动通信系统的主光纤中继器，包括：
多个光/射频转换器，接收多个光接收信号并将其转换成多个RF接收信号；
至少一个组合器接收并组合所述多个RF接收信号。
11．如权利要求10的主光纤中继器，其特征在于，多个组合器接收并组合所述多个RF接收信号。
12．如权利要求11的主光纤中继器，其特征在于，第一组合器组合多个RF接收信号的第一半，第二组合器组合多个RF接收信号的另一半。
13．如权利要求10的主光纤中继器，还包括：
一个射频/光转换器接收RF发射信号并将其转换成光发射信号；
一个分配器接收光发射信号并将其分成多个光发射信号。
14．一种移动通信方法，其利用从光纤中继器和带有多个组合器的主光纤中继器，包括这些步骤：
接收来自多个从光纤中继器的多个光接收信号；
将多个光接收信号转换成多个RF接收信号；
将所述多个RF接收信号分配给至少一个组合器；
组合分配后的RF接收信号。
15．如权利要求14的移动通信方法，其特征在于，在分配步骤中，所述多个RF接收信号分配给多个组合器。
16．如权利要求14的移动通信方法，其特征在于，在分配步骤中，所述多个RF接收信号分配给两个组合器。
17．如权利要求14的移动通信方法，还包括这些步骤：
接收RF发射信号并将其转换成光发射信号；
将光发射信号分成多个光发射信号。
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JP3406527B2 (ja) 2003-05-12
US6496290B1 (en) 2002-12-17
CN1189046C (zh) 2005-02-09
HK1021921A1 (en) 2000-07-14
KR19990066603A (ko) 1999-08-16
KR100257184B1 (ko) 2000-05-15
GB2335814A (en) 1999-09-29
GB2335814B (en) 2000-08-30
GB9828725D0 (en) 1999-02-17

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