CN1224795C - 压缩天然气分配系统 - Google Patents

压缩天然气分配系统 Download PDF

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CN1224795C
CN1224795C CNB028037405A CN02803740A CN1224795C CN 1224795 C CN1224795 C CN 1224795C CN B028037405 A CNB028037405 A CN B028037405A CN 02803740 A CN02803740 A CN 02803740A CN 1224795 C CN1224795 C CN 1224795C
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hydraulic fluid
valve
storage
cng
gas
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CN1486409A (zh
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I·克拉斯诺夫
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Neogas Inc
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Neogas Inc
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C5/00—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures
    • F17C5/06—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures for filling with compressed gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/02—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
    • F17C13/021—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment having the height as the parameter
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/02—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
    • F17C13/025—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment having the pressure as the parameter
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C5/00—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures
    • F17C5/002—Automated filling apparatus
    • F17C5/007—Automated filling apparatus for individual gas tanks or containers, e.g. in vehicles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C9/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
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    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
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    • F17C2201/0176—Shape variable
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    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/056—Small (<1 m3)
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    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
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    • F17C2203/0617—Single wall with one layer
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    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
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    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
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    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0107—Single phase
    • F17C2223/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
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    • F17C2223/04—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid before transfer
    • F17C2223/042—Localisation of the removal point
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    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
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    • F17C2225/036—Very high pressure, i.e. above 80 bars
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    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/04—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid after transfer
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    • F17C2225/043—Localisation of the filling point in the gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
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    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/05—Applications for industrial use
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Measuring Volume Flow (AREA)
  • Pipeline Systems (AREA)
  • Loading And Unloading Of Fuel Tanks Or Ships (AREA)

Abstract

压缩天然气(CNG)加燃料系统包括多组含有CNG的钢瓶(56)、含有很难与CNG混合的水力流体的水力流体储存器(18)，以及可逆流动阀(26、28、30)。每个钢瓶在其一端的开口中都装有接头(70)。该接头含有水力流体活门(72)和气门(74)。每个钢瓶的另一端是封闭的。水力流体是通过水力流体活门从储存器中泵送到每个钢瓶中的。在每个钢瓶内部，水力流体直接与CNG接触，将CNG通过气门强行排出。当传感器(42)检测到钢瓶中的CNG基本上排空时，可逆流动阀即逆转方向，使水力流体流回储存器中。

Description

压缩天然气分配系统
技术领域
本发明总体上涉及天然气，具体而言涉及天然气燃料输送系统。
发明背景
压缩天然气(CNG)机车需要专用的加燃料输送系统。美国专利5,884,675公开了一种这类系统，它由多组钢瓶构成，每个钢瓶都有可沿轴向运动的活塞、一对入口和一个出口。钢瓶在远处充填CNG，然后运输到加燃料站。在加燃料站处将水力流体从储存器中泵送到每个钢瓶的一端中。水力流体取代了每个钢瓶中的活塞，使CNG强行通过钢瓶另一端的出口。CNG通过软管流动进入待加燃料机车中。每组钢瓶均配有一个处于出口下游的蓄压器。当钢瓶完全排空CNG时，蓄压器中的压力使每个活塞回复其初始位置，使水力流体强行排出钢瓶并且返回储存器中。
虽然该系统相对其它CNG输送系统而言有所改进，但是它仍有许多缺点。每个钢瓶都有可运动活塞并且在两端均有开口，制造起来成本很高。
发明概述
压缩天然气(CNG)加燃料系统有含有水力流体的水力流体储存器、泵和可逆流动阀。水力流体是很难与CNG混合的一类流体。该加燃料系统还包括含有CNG的多个钢瓶。每个钢瓶在其一端的开口中都装有接头。该接头含有水力流体活门(port)和气门(气体活门)。管子在钢瓶内部从水力流体活门一直延伸至与钢瓶另一端接近的位置。钢瓶的另一端是封闭的。
在加燃料站处将水力流体从储存器中泵送出来，经过每个钢瓶中的水力流体活门，取代每个钢瓶中的CNG，并且使CNG强行通过每个钢瓶的气门排出。在加燃料过程中，从储存器中泵送出来的水力流体要使钢瓶中的压力保持在3600psi。当传感器检测到钢瓶已完全排空CNG时，可逆流动阀即逆转方向，使水力流体流回储存器中。钢瓶排空水力流体后，将钢瓶断开连接，然后重新充填CNG。
附图简述
图1是按照本发明构建的压缩天然气加燃料系统的流程示意图。
图2是图1中一个钢瓶的侧视截面放大图。
图3是图2钢瓶的部分侧视截面放大图，显露出安装在钢瓶一端中的接头。
图4是图1中一个钢瓶的侧视截面放大图，表示的是本发明另一个实施方案。
图5是在图4本发明钢瓶中安装的示踪盘的侧视截面放大图。
图6是图4钢瓶的放大部分。
优选实施方案的详述
参见图1，显示的是压缩天然气(CNG)加燃料系统10。该加燃料系统10被分为控制段12、传输段14和加燃料段16。控制段12包括控制面板(未示出)。控制段12还包括含有水力流体的水力流体储存器18。水力流体是很难与CNG混合的液体，比如合成烃类液压油。适宜的一类流体是O’Rourke Petroleum Products，Houston，Texas以商品名“Low Vapor 68”制造的合成润滑油。
储存器18带有通向水力流体泵22的出口管20。泵22带有出口管24，它通向可逆流动阀26、28、30。压力表32监测泵出口管28中的压力。在泵出口管28中设置安全阀34，通过将过度压缩的流体泄回储存器18中而防止压力超过3600psi。泵出口管24中的止回阀36使水力流体从泵22流向流动阀26、28、30。回流管38从流动阀26、28、30延伸至储存器18。回流管38带有分离器40，它从水力流体中除去任何夹带的CNG。传感器42检测任何夹带的CNG，然后在CNG存在的情况下向控制面板传送信号。分离装置44使储存器18中任何夹带的CNG释放出来。储存器18还有指示器46，优选浮子式指示器，它跟踪着储存器中的流体液面。指示器46与发送器48相连，如果储存器18中的流体液面达到规定的下限或上限液面时，发送器会向控制面板提供信号。
传输段14包含50、52、54多组高压储瓶56。50、52、54每组均含有同等数量的钢瓶56，这些钢瓶的尺寸也是相同的。如图2所示，每个钢瓶56有外壳58和内腔60。在输送到加燃料站之前，向每个钢瓶56的内腔60中充填压缩CNG 62。每个钢瓶56也有第一端64和第二端66。第二端66是封闭的。第一端64有开口68，接头70穿过其中。如图3所示，接头70含有水力流体活门72和气门74。中空管76在内腔60中从水力流体活门72延伸至与第二端66相邻的位置，它的作用是将水力流体78引入内腔60中。
回过头来再看图1，组50、52、54的每个钢瓶56的水力流体活门72是通过流体多支管80并排连接在一起的。可逆流动阀26、28、30位于泵22和流体多支管80之间。每个流体多支管80有手动载截流阀82。50、52、54各组的每个钢瓶56的气门74是通过气体多支管84并排连接在一起的。50、52、54每组还有位于气门74下游平行排列的安全阀86、flare阀88和手动载截流阀90、92。安全阀86通过将离开钢瓶56时过度压缩的CNG泄掉从而防止压力超过3600psi。在50、52、54组需要保养或维修时，flare阀88使CNG能从任何50、52、54组中放掉。手动载截流阀90、92无论在什么情况下均能使任何50、52、54组实现隔离。止回阀94使CNG能够从气体多支管84下游流向软管96。止回阀98使CNG能够从软管96上游流回气体多支管84。流动控制阀100和手动载截流阀102位于软管96中。
加燃料段16包含至少一个加燃料站104。每个加燃料站104有手动载截流阀106和过滤单元108。过滤单元108在分配CNG之前从CNG料流中除去夹带的任何水力流体。过滤单元108带有试栓110，用以检测过滤单元108中是否存在水力流体。
操作时，多个组50、52、54一次只排放一组。如果首先排放的是组50，那么就打开组50的手动载截流阀82、90，并且关闭组50的手动载截流阀92。可逆流动阀26的构造允许从泵22至组50向下游流动。水力流体经泵22从储存器18中泵送到流体多支管80中、通过流体门72然后进入钢瓶56中，分配CNG时钢瓶56中的压力保持在3600psi。如图2所示，水力流体78流经中空管76在与接头70相对的一端流入钢瓶56。水力流体78与CNG 62在界面112处直接接触，但不与CNG 62发生混合。CNG 62通过气门74、气体多支管84、止回阀94和软管96流出钢瓶56至加燃料段16。流动控制阀100将软管96中的压力限制在3600psi。
在组50基本上排空CNG时，储存器18中水力流体的液面可能已达到规定的下限液面，这由浮子式指示器46感应。发送器48向控制面板传送信号。组50的手动载截流阀82、90即行关闭，并且打开组50的手动载截流阀92。可逆流动阀26的构造允许从流体多支管80向上游流动。软管96中的CNG通过止回阀98流回钢瓶56中。钢瓶56中残留的CNG迫使水力流体流出钢瓶56。水力流体通过回流管38返回储存器18。回流管38中的分离器40除去水力流体中夹带的任何CNG。
在基本上所有的水力流体都已从钢瓶56中排出之后，储存器18中水力流体的液面可能已经达到规定的上限液面，这由浮子式指示器46检测。发送器48向控制面板传送信号。打开组52的手动载截流阀82、90，并且关闭组52的手动载截流阀92。可逆流动阀28的构造允许向下游流动至组52。组52开始以与组50相同的方式分配CNG。
参照图4、5和6，给出的是本发明的可选实施方案。如图4所示，在钢瓶56的内腔60中安装了示踪元件114。示踪元件114基本位于CNG 62与水力流体78的界面112处。示踪元件114是平板或盘，中央有开孔116，其直径稍大于中空管76的直径。示踪元件114还有外缘118，其直径稍小于内腔60的直径。示踪元件114是塑料或橡胶质的软而薄的元件，该元件对水力流体78和CNG 62均不透过，并且含有铁磁性粉末。如图6所示，检测器120的探头穿过接头70延伸，它能感应示踪元件114的接近并且向控制面板发送信号。
操作时，组50、52、54一次只排放一组。如果首先排放的是组50，那么就打开组50的手动载截流阀82、90，并且关闭组50的手动载截流阀92。可逆流动阀26的构造允许从泵22向下游流动至组50。CNG 62被水力流体78强行排出内腔60。随着内腔60中CNG 62量的减少，界面112向更接近接头70的方向移动。因为示踪元件114不与中空管76或内腔60接触，所以示踪元件114总能位于界面112处，在内腔60内随着CNG 62液面的变化而移动。
当钢瓶56基本上排空CNG 62时，示踪元件114位于行程中最接近接头70的一点。检测器120检测示踪元件114的位置并且向控制面板传送信号。可逆流动阀26的构造允许从流体多支管80向上游流动。软管96中的CNG通过止回阀98流动回钢瓶56中。钢瓶56中残留的CNG迫使水力流体流出钢瓶56。水力流体通过回流管38返回储存器18。回流管38中的分离器40将水力流体中夹带的任何CNG除去。
在基本上所有的水力流体都已从钢瓶56中排出之后，示踪元件114将处于距接头70最远的一点。检测器120检测示踪元件114的位置并且向控制面板传送信号。打开组52的手动载截流阀82、90，并且关闭组52的手动载截流阀92。可逆流动阀28的构造允许向下游流动至组52。组52开始以与组50相同的方式分配CNG。
应该注意的是，在本发明的这一可选实施方案中，示踪元件114和检测器120基本上起到与浮子式指示器46和发送器48相同的功能。因此，浮子式指示器46和发送器48在该可选实施方案中并不需要，但是需要时也可包括之。
本发明有许多优点。因为本发明采用了不与压缩天然气混合的水力流体，所以钢瓶在制造时就不需要使水力流体与气体保持分离的内活塞或其它装置了。而且，因为钢瓶中不需要活塞，所以可在一个接头中设置流体通道和气门，该接头位于钢瓶的一端。此时可以将钢瓶的另一端封闭。钢瓶没有内活塞，并且是一端封闭的，因此在制造时其成本大大降低，而且很明显更为耐用并且使用寿命更长。
虽然本发明仅以两种形式做了说明，但是本领域熟练人员应该明了，本发明是非限定性的，而且很容易在不背离本发明范围的前提下对其进行许多改变。

Claims (6)

1.向外部压力容器中分配压缩天然气的燃料输送系统，包含：
储存器，带有泵吸入管和回流管；
水力流体，包含在储存器中；
至少一个罐，它包括含有压缩天然气的内腔、气门和水力流体活门，每个罐与内腔中贮存的气体以流体方式连通；
软管，与气门相连，用于连接外部压力容器；和
泵，与泵吸入管连接，用于将水力流体从储存器泵送至水力流体活门，然后使之与内腔中贮存的气体发生物理接触，使得气体从气门经软管流动然后进入外部压力容器时，气门处的压力保持在规定的最小值；
控制阀，其允许水力流体在全部气体被分配后返回储存器；和
分离装置，其释放夹带在返回储存器的水力流体中的任何气体。
2.权利要求1的燃料输送系统，其中水力流体是不与气体混合的那一类型。
3.权利要求1的燃料输送系统，其中分离装置位于储存器中。
4.权利要求1的燃料输送系统，其中分离装置释放分离的气体进入储存器的上部。
5.权利要求1的燃料输送系统，还包括储存器中的测量阀，它决定了何时从储存器泵出一定量的水力流体。
6.权利要求5的燃料输送系统，其中所述一定量水力流体的量与罐的容量一样。
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