CN1220093C - 用于电光扫描标记的紧致组件 - Google Patents

用于电光扫描标记的紧致组件 Download PDF

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CN1220093C
CN1220093C CNB011252456A CN01125245A CN1220093C CN 1220093 C CN1220093 C CN 1220093C CN B011252456 A CNB011252456 A CN B011252456A CN 01125245 A CN01125245 A CN 01125245A CN 1220093 C CN1220093 C CN 1220093C
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CN1371009A (zh
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P·德沃尔金斯
E·巴坎
Y·J·李
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Abstract

电光扫描标记的紧致组件包括可摆动部件，该部件可操作以跨标记聚焦和横扫光束，且可任意地校正扫描偏差。将用于发射光束的激光二极管插入被电磁线圈围绕的中央开口以保存间隔。在部件上的磁铁与线圈交互作用以影响摆动。浮动弯曲部分使得该部件返回到平衡位置。

Description

用于电光扫描标记的紧致组件
技术领域
本发明一般涉及手持扫描系统，它“阅读”诸如条形码符号的标记，具体地说，本发明涉及具有可摆动聚焦/扫描元件的新颖的微型组件。
背景技术
已发展各种光阅读器(optical reader)和扫描元件用于阅读出现在物品的标签或表面上的条形码符号。条形码符号本身是一种标记的编码形式，它包括一系列相互隔开的具有各种宽度的条(bar)，其中通过相互隔开来形成各种宽度的间隔，而这些条和间隔具有不同的光反射特征。阅读器和扫描元件将图形标记电光变换成电子信号，将这些信号解码成用于说明物品或其特征的字母-数字字符。这些字符一般以数字形式表示，并被输入到用于销售点处理、库存控制等应用的数据处理系统。例如，在美国专利号4,251,798；4,360,798；4,369,361；4,387,297；4,409,470和4,460,120中揭示了这种一般类型的扫描系统，所有这些专利都已转让给本发明的受让人。
尤其是，如上面这些专利所述的这种扫描系统的一个实施例是用于用户支持的手持、便携式激光扫描头。构成扫描头以使得用户将该头瞄准目标以向要阅读的符号发射光束。一般，该光源是以气体或半导体激光元件形式的激光扫描仪。由于半导体激光器小型、廉价和低功率要求，所以将半导体设备用作扫描系统中的光源特别理想。一般，用透镜对激光束进行光学调整以在目标距离处形成某一尺寸的聚束光点。较佳的是，在目标距离处的聚束点尺寸大约与不同光反射率区域之间(即，符号的条和间隔)的最小宽度相同。
条形码符号一般由宽度不一的矩形状的条或单元(element)形成的。单元的具体排列限定了根据所用的码或“象征学”规定的一组规则和定义表示的字符。
一般由手持阅读器提供的一维单行扫描通过运用扫描部件(诸如，设置在光通路中的反射镜)沿行或行系列跨符号重复扫描光束来起作用。扫描部件可跨符号扫描聚束光点，并跨符号跟踪扫描线并通过该符号或者扫描扫描仪的视野，或者两者兼备。
扫描系统还包括传感器或光检测器(一般是半导体类的)，它起到了检测符号反射光的功能。因此，将光检测起定位在扫描仪中或在光路径中，其中它具有超出或稍稍越过符号的视野。检测到从符号反射的一部分反射光并将它转换成电信号，而且电路或软件将该电信号解码成由要扫描的符号表示的数据的数字表示。例如，一般将来自光检测器的模拟电信号转换成脉宽调制数字信号，其宽度与条和间隔的物理宽度相对应。于是，根据具体的象征学将该信号解码成在符号中编码的数据的二进制表示，并解码成如此表示的字母-数字字符。
在已知的扫描系统中的解码处理一般以下列方法进行。解码器接收来自扫描仪的脉宽调制数字信号，而且以软件实施的算法尝试解码扫描。如果成功且完整地解码在扫描中起始和停止字符和它们之间的字符，那么解码处理终止且向用户提供成功阅读的指示符(诸如，绿光和/或可听见的蜂鸣声)。否则，解码器接收下一个扫描、对该扫描执行下一次解码尝试，等等，直至获得完全解码的扫描或者不能获得任何扫描。
现有技术中已知谐振扫描元件。这种元件一般装有Mylar或其它材料制成的弯曲条，其中该弯曲条悬臂安装在基座并支撑定位在线圈中的微型永磁铁。将线圈固定在基座上，将扫描镜附在悬臂安装的弯曲条的自由端上。通过改变悬臂安装条的尺寸或弯曲特征、改变条、永久磁铁和反射镜的质量或在弯曲条上的质量分布，可以建立不同的谐振频率。
在图2和3中，扫描模块110支持安装在电路板114上的摆动物镜112，电路板114还携带沿着电路板的4个象限均匀隔开的4个电线圈116。支持部件118具有中央开口120用于接收和保持发光二极管122，它最好是激光二极管。在支撑物118的一测，与二极管122相对的是永磁铁124，当施加电流时，它与线圈116产生的电磁场交互作用。
由4根半刚性金属线126互连电路板114和支撑物118，上述金属线126将电流从驱动器电路携带到4个线圈。通过改变线圈之问的连接，可以有选择地获得1-D或2-D扫描模式。
最好将金属线126用锡焊接在电路板114和支撑物118上。金属线的材料最好是磷青铜合金，虽然可以采用导电并向电路板114和透镜112提供相对于支撑物118的半刚性支撑的任何其它材料。
磁铁124是环状，而且可以轴向磁化。磁铁124的中央孔作为激光束的孔径光阑(aperture stop)。
另一方面，永磁铁124可以在它的圆周周围布有多个极。例如，永磁铁的布极(poling)可以有4个，其中南极以沿着圆周0°和180°取向，和北极以沿着圆周90°和270°取向。通过适当地向4个线圈116中的两个激磁，透镜和线圈组件将稍微旋转，而且半刚性金属线将开始形成螺旋线，减小在透镜112和激光束源122之间的距离以聚焦光束。向其它两个线圈激磁以摆动透镜组件，从而产生适当扫描。
发明概述
本发明一般涉及用于电光扫描标记的紧致组件，包括支撑物、光源(诸如，安装在支撑物上的激光二极管)、可摆动光学部件和用于摆动该部件的驱动器。部件包括聚焦元件用于聚焦光源发射的光束，和具有聚焦元件的单片(one-piece)扫描元件，用于使光束偏离支撑物。驱动器包括安装用于与部件一起摆动的永磁铁，以及安装在支撑物上的可励磁的(energizable)电线圈。当通过供电驱动电流励磁时，线圈产生的场与磁铁产生的场交互作用以实现部件的摆动，以在标记(例如，条形码符号)上扫描光束。
新颖的单片光学部件是由光透射材料制成的，它具有第一弯曲表面构成聚焦元件部分且通过它光束进入该部件，和第二反射表面，从该表面反射聚焦光束。用反射涂层涂覆第二表面并构成扫描元件部分。该元件还包括第三弯曲表面，通过该表面，反射光束出射该部件。第三表面作为校正元件用于扫描偏差(aberration)校正。该部件还包括带有这些元件的单片延伸部分(extensions ofone-piece with the elements)。对该延伸部分进行操作以支持永磁铁。
将部件安装在轴上，其轴颈(journal)位于支撑物上相对端处。将偏置元件可操作地连接在部件和支撑物之间，始终对部件施加恢复力，从而使得后者回到中性位置。偏置元件最好是加长的片簧，其一端固定在部件，而相对片簧端可移动地连接在支撑物上。相对片簧端通过支撑物上的一对摩擦柱之间，并在部件摆动期间在柱之间滑动。
进入部件的光束与出射中性位置的部件的光束成直角。第二反射表面最好位于与进入部件的光束成45度角的平面内。当将支撑物构成为具有纵轴的圆柱形外壳时，进入的光束沿着纵轴行进，而出射光束径向行进并通过在外壳的侧臂上形成的出射口。
光源最好是在外壳的开口端容纳激光二极管。驱动线圈围绕二极管。将用于检测从标记反射的光的传感器安装在靠近线圈和二极管的外壳上。
从下列的详细描述，对于熟悉本技术领域的人员而言，本发明的其它目的和优点将显而易见，其中在详细描述中简单地通过示例执行本发明的最佳模式来示出和描述本发明的较佳实施例。如可实现的那样，本发明能够实施其它和不同的实施例，而且在多个明显的方面进行数个细节修整，而不偏离本发明。因此，附图和说明应被认为用于示例，而非限制。
附图简述
图1是根据本发明的扫描组件的示意图；
图2和3是根据现有技术的微型扫描仪组件的侧视图和正视图；和
图4是根据本发明的实施例的紧致扫描仪组件的截面图。
执行本发明的最佳模式
如在本说明书中所用到的那样，应广泛地解释术语“符号”和“条形码”，且它不仅覆盖包含各种宽度的交替条和间隔的模式，而且还包括一维或两维图解模式以及字母数字字符。
如图1示意所示，由光源34(诸如，激光二极管等)在扫描仪30产生的出射光束36，而且照射通常位于离扫描仪几英寸位置上的条形码符号32。然而，其它应用可能要求扫描离扫描仪相当大距离(例如，60英尺)的目标。由单片、完整或单一(integral or unitary)聚焦/扫描元件38，从而扫描光束横过要阅读的符号。由扫描仪30接收从符号反射的光并由光检测器44检测它。
根据本发明，图4示出根据本发明的电光扫描标记的紧致组件200的实施例。组件200包括支撑物202，最好是在相对端204，206之间延伸纵轴的圆柱形外壳。光源208(最好是激光二极管)被插入开口端204。在光源上的环形肩部(shoulder)210邻靠在开口端204的环形凸缘212以限定光源的安装位置。当电激励时，光源沿着路径向要扫描的标记发射激光光束。
支撑物202具有与凸缘212轴向隔开的环形轴环(collar)。在轴环214和凸缘212之间的支撑物周围环绕电磁线圈216。将传感器218(最好是光电二极管)径向安装在凸缘和轴环之外，并重叠线圈216和光源208。传感器218检测从标记反射的光，而且产生表示从标记反射的光的可变强度的电信号。将滤色片220设置在传感器之上，且可以是玻璃滤色片的光透射塑料，或者甚至是液体滤色片材料的涂层，可将它适当地涂在传感器上。
光源208包括光阑板(aperture plate)222，它具有发射光束通过的孔径光阑224。将可摆动光学部件230安装在光束的路径中，而且在旋转轴上，其轴颈位于圆柱形外壳的相对侧的轴承中。在外壳的侧臂上形成出射窗或端口228。
部件230由光透射、光调制材料(诸如，合成塑料或玻璃)制成，且包括具有外凸弯曲表面234的聚焦元件232，通过它发射光束首先进入部件并在标记所处的工作距离范围内的焦点聚焦；还包括具有用反射涂层涂覆的外平面表面238的扫描元件236，其中上述涂层最好是由镍、铬金(gold of chromium)形成的金属涂层，以反射来自涂覆表面238的聚焦光束。涂覆表面238以45度角取向以使反射光束与入射聚焦光束垂直。聚焦和扫描元件是相互为单片或整体形成。
部件230还最好包括具有外凸弯曲表面242的连接元件240，通过该表面242反射光束出射部件并聚焦以校正扫描偏差。同样，校正元件是与该部件成单片，或成为整体。
固定安装永磁铁244在一对后延伸部分或臂246、248上以与部件230连接摆动，同样与该部件成单片。磁铁244产生永磁场，一旦由供电驱动电流(诸如方波列或任何周期性驱动信号)向线圈励磁，上述磁场就与由线圈216产生的电磁场交互作用。部件沿着交替圆周方向围绕着旋转轴摆动，从如图4所示的平衡或中和位置沿着每个方向以弧长大约20°-25°摆动。
由偏置元件或挠曲件250(最好是平面片簧)建立中性位置，该挠曲件的一端252固定在部件上(例如，通过紧固件(未图示))，而相对端254可滑动地安装在支撑物上安装的摩擦柱对256、258之间。摩擦地捕获弯曲端254，但是可在柱之间移动。挠曲件252不断地对部件施加恢复力以使得后者返回到中性位置。
在驱动电流向线圈励磁期间，交互磁场使得磁铁和部件摆动，从而弯曲挠曲件。挠曲件一端弯曲，然后相对端弯曲成为圆形。在挠曲件弯曲期间，弯曲端254通过柱来回滑动。较佳的是，挠曲件是由弹力材料(诸如，Mylar，聚脂薄膜，约0.0254mm(0.001英寸)厚)构成。
用相同的部件可有利地获得光束聚焦，该部件用光束扫描或横扫(sweep)标记。整个组件占约6.5mm×6.5mm×5.6mm的紧致体积。
应理解，上述每种元件或两个或更多个可用于与这里所述的结构不同的其它类型结构中。
虽然示出和描述本发明，如在带有单片可摆动、聚焦/扫描元件的电光扫描组件中体现的那样，但是它并不局限于所示的细节，因为可作各种变更和结构变化，而不偏离由所附权利要求书限定的本发明的范围。

Claims (14)

1.一种用于电光扫描标记的紧致组件，其特征在于，包括：
a)支撑物；
b)光源，它安装在所述支撑物上，用于发射光束；
c)可摆动光学部件，所述可摆动光学部件由一种透光材料制成并且具有第一表面，第二反射面和第三表面，所述光束通过所述第一表面进入所述光学部件，并被聚焦，然后进入的光束从所述第二反射面反射，通过所述第三表面，射出所述光学部件，离开所述支撑物，射向所述标记；和
d)驱动器，用于相对于支撑物摆动所述光学部件，所述驱动器包括永磁铁和可励磁电线圈，所述永磁铁被安装成与所述光学部件连接摆动，并用于产生一永磁场，所述可励磁电线圈安装在所述支撑物上，当受到激励驱动电流激励时，产生一电磁场，与所述永磁场交互作用，以实现光学部件的摆动，从而使光束扫描所述标记。
2.如权利要求1所述的组件，其特征在于，所述支撑物是具有开口端区域的管状外壳，而且所述光源通过开口端区域延伸。
3.如权利要求2所述的组件，其特征在于，所述外壳具有环形凸缘，而且所述光源包括一个具有肩部的壳体，所述壳体的肩部邻靠所述凸缘。
4.如权利要求2所述的组件，其特征在于，所述线圈围绕所述开口端区域和至少一部分光源。
5.如权利要求2所述的组件，其特征在于，所述光源是激光二极管。
6.如权利要求2所述的组件，其特征在于，所述外壳具有一窗口，光束通过所述窗口离开所述支撑物。
7.如权利要求1所述的组件，其特征在于，所述第一表面是弯曲的。
8.如权利要求1所述的组件，其特征在于，所述第二反射面涂覆了一反射涂层。
9.如权利要求1所述的组件，其特征在于，所述第三表面是弯曲的，用于校正扫描偏差。
10.如权利要求1所述的组件，其特征在于，所述光学部件包括用于保持永磁铁的延伸部分。
11.如权利要求1所述的组件，其特征在于，所述支撑物包括管状外壳和旋转轴，所述旋转轴的两端轴颈位于所述外壳上；并且所述光学部件被安装在所述旋转轴上，沿着交替圆周方向围绕沿所述旋转轴延伸的轴线摆动。
12.如权利要求1所述的组件，其特征在于，还包括偏置元件，所述偏置元件连接在所述光学部件和支撑物之间，用于将恢复力连续不断地施于所述光学部件，以便使所述光学部件返回到光束路径中的中立位置。
13.如权利要求12所述的组件，其特征在于，所述偏置元件是一延长弹簧，其一个弹簧端与所述光学部件固定，另一弹簧端可移动地连接在所述支撑物上。
14.如权利要求13所述的组件，其特征在于，所述支撑物具有一对摩擦柱，所述另一弹簧端滑动地安装在所述摩擦柱之间。
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