CN1219202C - Apparatus and method for testing maximal moisture regain and content of soil - Google Patents
Apparatus and method for testing maximal moisture regain and content of soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN1219202C CN1219202C CN 200310111462 CN200310111462A CN1219202C CN 1219202 C CN1219202 C CN 1219202C CN 200310111462 CN200310111462 CN 200310111462 CN 200310111462 A CN200310111462 A CN 200310111462A CN 1219202 C CN1219202 C CN 1219202C
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Abstract
The present invention discloses an apparatus for measuring the maximum moisture absorption and water containing rate of soil, and relates to the measurement for physical properties of soil and a fine material. The apparatus comprises a constant humidity cabinet (1), a specimen placing cabinet (2), a circulation pump (3), a vacuum pump (4) and valves (12)(13)(14)(15), wherein the constant humidity cabinet (1) forms a constant humidity space whose relative humidity is from 58 to 62% at the temperature of 23 to 27DEG C. The components are connected together by pipelines, and the valves are arranged on the pipelines. The present invention has the advantages of simple structure, convenient fabrication and low price. The present invention also discloses a method for measuring the maximum moisture absorption and water containing rate of the soil by using the apparatus for measuring the maximum moisture absorption and water containing rate of the soil. Compared with the existing balance measurement water containing rate naturally obtained by brownian motion of water vapor under the conditions of constant temperature and humidity, the present invention can increase the efficiency by more than 3 times.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to the measurement of soil and fine material physical property, more specifically relate to the measurement of the maximum moisture absorption water percentage of soil.
Background technology:
Clay is the product of primary mineral through nature weathering formation, therefore, includes primary clay mineral, secondary clay mineral, amorphous mineral, crystalloid clay mineral, soluble salt and organic matter in the clay component.Swelled ground is that the clay composition has the cohesive soil that two kinds of deformation characteristics are shunk in significant imbibition and dehydration simultaneously mainly by hydrophilic mineral composition in the soil.Most important clay mineral is smectite, illite and smalite in the swelled ground, and they are the crystalloid hydrated aluminium silicates.Smectite is the clay mineral that produces most of swelled ground problems.Expanding appears when content increases in smectite, and other mineral of clay do not expand or limited expansion only takes place.Smectite is meant except that vermiculite, have the clay mineral group of expansion mask pattern, also be a kind of specific mineral.Clay has adsorbed water and has just produced expansion.From the mineralogy viewpoint, the size of expansion depends on the kind of clay mineral and content, their exchangeable cations, the electrolyte content and the inner structure of aquosity.
Existing index to classification of expansive soils mainly contains: free swelling rate δ
Ef, liquid limit w
l, plasticity index I
p, the clay content less than 2 μ m, smectite content, specific surface area, cation exchange capacity (CEC) etc. because the difference of the index of classification causes classification results to be not quite similar.GBJ112-87 determines to come classification of expansive soils with index of free swelling rate, but many professional persons are that the index of desirable differentiation swelled ground has objection to free swelling rate, and then the science and the reliability of swelled ground being classified with free swelling rate are queried.Therefore, calendar year 2001 repaiies volume " railway engineering rock-soil classification standard " and (TB10077-2001/J123-2001) criteria for classification of swelled ground is revised.Utilize the electrochemical theory of soil science, soil, select the parameter of reflection swelled ground essence, the suggestion swelled ground is known clearly to declare and is adopted free swelling rate, smectite content and three indexs of cation exchange capacity (CEC).
As the discriminant criterion of classification of expansive soils, should satisfy following three conditions: (1) can reflect the essence of swelled ground; (2) mensuration of index is simple and convenient; (3) achievement data is reliable, favorable reproducibility.With the discriminant criterion of free swelling rate as classification of expansive soils, have the simple advantage of test, but the reappearance of index is relatively poor, the test of smectite content and cation exchange figureofmerit is then extremely inconvenient, is unfavorable for applying in engineering.
Discover that the maximum moisture absorption water percentage of soil has good linear relationship with montmorillonite mineral composition, cation exchange capacity (CEC), the specific surface area of soil, its related coefficient is greater than 0.99, and this index can reflect the essence of swelled ground substantially.Therefore, how the maximum moisture absorption water percentage of fast measuring swelled ground is the problem that presses for solution.
The method of existing measured soil moisture absorption water percentage mainly is that soil is placed on natural equilibrium in the atmosphere, measures weight in wet base weight and its dried weight, by calculating.
Summary of the invention:
At first define the maximum moisture absorption water percentage of soil.
The maximum moisture absorption water percentage of the soil ω that the present invention is alleged
jBe meant: under standard temperature and standard relative humidity, the water percentage after the soil pattern constant weight.Above-mentioned standard temperature is meant 25 ± 2 ℃ in the present invention; Above-mentioned standard relative humidity is meant that in the present invention relative humidity is 60% ± 2%.
The objective of the invention is, the measurement mechanism of the maximum moisture absorption water percentage of a kind of soil is provided, this device comprises constant humidity cabinet, sample holder, ebullator and vacuum pump, is interconnected with pipeline between each parts.This device is the maximum moisture absorption water percentage of measured soil quickly and easily.
Another object of the present invention is that a kind of method of using the maximum moisture absorption water percentage of measurement mechanism measured soil of the maximum moisture absorption water percentage of soil is provided.This method compared with prior art, efficient can improve more than 3 times.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
The measurement mechanism of the maximum moisture absorption water percentage of a kind of soil, this device comprises constant humidity cabinet, sample placing box, ebullator, vacuum pump, pipeline and valve, constant humidity cabinet be one its bottom placed movably seal case of saturated sodium bromide salt solusion, top cover, the sample placing box is the seal case that porous barrier is laid in the removable centre of a top cover; Open three holes at the tank wall on constant humidity cabinet liquid level top, by first pipeline, second pipeline and the 3rd pipeline respectively with vacuum pump, sample placing box and ebullator are communicated with, the 5th pipeline is installed on first pipeline and second pipeline is again made the win pipeline and second pipeline connection, the 3rd valve is installed between the 5th pipeline, and first valve is installed on first pipeline between constant humidity cabinet and the 5th pipeline, second valve is installed on second pipeline, on first pipeline between vacuum pump and the 5th pipeline, pressure vacuum gauge is installed, the other end that is communicated with the constant humidity cabinet pipeline at the sample placing box with ebullator passes through the 4th pipeline connection, and between the 4th pipeline the 4th valve is installed.
Method with the maximum moisture absorption water percentage of measurement mechanism measured soil of the maximum moisture absorption water percentage of soil follows these steps to order and carries out:
1, will cover the aluminium box and open and place under 105～110 ℃ of constant temperature baking 3～4 hours, after taking out and in exsiccator, being cooled to room temperature, measure aluminium box weight; Again the aluminium box is placed again under 105～110 ℃ of constant temperature baking 3～4 hours, after taking out and in exsiccator, being cooled to room temperature, measure aluminium box weight; Repeat aforesaid operations, less than 0.001 gram, the weight that writes down last secondary aluminium box is W until twice weight difference in front and back
0
2, pedotheque is tiled in aluminium box bottom, the general assembly (TW) that writes down pedotheque to be measured and aluminium box is W
1
3, open first valve that connects on vacuum pump and constant humidity cabinet first pipeline, shut other valve, start vacuum pump and bleed, vacuum tightness is closed vacuum pump after reaching 0.1 millimeter of mercury; Place under 25 ± 2 ℃ of temperature, the relative humidity up to constant humidity cabinet seal case space is 60% ± 2%;
4, close all valves, open the top cover of sample placing box;
5, take away the aluminium lid, have the uncovered aluminium box of pedotheque to put on the porous plate of sample placing box the top cover of seal sample placing box interior;
6, open the 3rd valve, start vacuum pump and bleed, vacuum tightness is closed vacuum pump after reaching 0.1 millimeter of mercury;
7, close first valve and the 3rd valve, open second valve and the 4th valve, the ON cycle pump;
8, through 24 hours, close all valves, take out the aluminium box, cover the aluminium lid, measure and write down the total weight of aluminium box and pedotheque;
9, repeat 5～8 step, restrain less than 0.001 until the total weight difference of front and back two secondary aluminium boxes and pedotheque, the total weight that writes down last secondary aluminium box and pedotheque is W
2
10, take away the aluminium lid, the interior aluminium box that pedotheque arranged was placed under 105～110 ℃ of constant temperature baking 8 hours, after taking out and in exsiccator, being cooled to room temperature, cover the aluminium lid, measure the total weight of aluminium box and pedotheque;
11, take away the aluminium lid, the aluminium box is placed under 105～110 ℃ of constant temperature baking 3～4 hours again, after taking out and in exsiccator, being cooled to room temperature, cover the aluminium lid, measure the total weight of aluminium box and pedotheque; Repeat the aforesaid operations of this step, less than 0.001 gram, the total weight that writes down last secondary aluminium box and pedotheque is W until twice weight difference in front and back
3
12, be calculated as follows the pedotheque water percentage
W
1＝(W
2-W
3)/(W
3-W
0)×100％
W in the formula
1Be maximum moisture absorption water percentage, W
2-W
3Be maximum hygroscopicits amount, W
3-W
0Be the pedotheque dry weight.
The major advantage of the inventive method: the measurement mechanism of the maximum moisture absorption water percentage of a kind of soil is provided and has utilized this device to carry out the measuring method of the maximum moisture absorption water percentage of soil, this apparatus structure is simple, easily manufactured, low price, Brownian movement by water vapor obtains the balancing a survey water percentage naturally in constant temperature and humidity than having now with the maximum moisture absorption water percentage of its measured soil, can raise the efficiency more than 3 times.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention.
Wherein: 1 is that constant humidity cabinet, 2 is that sample holder, 3 is that ebullator, 4 is that vacuum pump, 5 is that pipeline, 6 is that saturated sodium bromide salt solusion, 7 is a gas admittance valve; 8 is that draining valve, 9 is that hygrometer, 10 is that pressure vacuum gauge, 11 is that porous shelf, 12 is that first valve, 13 is that the 3rd valve, 14 is that second valve, 15 is the 4th valve.
Embodiment:
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is further illustrated.
As shown in Figure 1, the measurement mechanism of the maximum moisture absorption water percentage of a kind of soil comprises constant humidity cabinet 1, sample placing box 2, ebullator 3, vacuum pump 4, pipeline and valve, constant humidity cabinet 1 is one to place saturated sodium bromide salt solusion 6 in its bottom, the top cover that can form relative humidity and be 60% ± 2% constant humidity space under 25 ± 2 ℃ of temperature in casing is seal case movably, be installed into gas gas admittance valve 7 and hygrometer 9 respectively at the top of constant humidity cabinet 1, draining valve 8 be installed in the bottom of constant humidity cabinet 1; Sample placing box 2 is seal cases that porous barrier 11 is laid in the removable centre of a top cover; Tank wall on constant humidity cabinet 1 liquid level is opened three holes, by first pipeline, second pipeline and the 3rd pipeline respectively with vacuum pump 4, sample placing box 2 and ebullator 3 are communicated with, the 5th pipeline is installed on first pipeline and second pipeline is again made the win pipeline and second pipeline connection, the 3rd valve 13 is installed between the 5th pipeline, and first valve 12 is installed on first pipeline between constant humidity cabinet 1 and the 5th pipeline, second valve 14 is installed on second pipeline, pressure vacuum gauge 10 is installed on first pipeline between vacuum pump 4 and the 5th pipeline, the other end that is communicated with constant humidity cabinet 1 pipeline at sample placing box 2 with ebullator 3 passes through the 4th pipeline connection, and between the 4th pipeline the 4th valve 15 is installed.
Method with the maximum moisture absorption water percentage of measurement mechanism measured soil of the maximum moisture absorption water percentage of soil follows these steps to order and carries out:
1, will cover the aluminium box and open and place under 105～110 ℃ of constant temperature baking 3～4 hours, after taking out and in exsiccator, being cooled to room temperature, measure aluminium box weight; Again the aluminium box is placed again under 105～110 ℃ of constant temperature baking 3～4 hours, after taking out and in exsiccator, being cooled to room temperature, measure aluminium box weight; Repeat aforesaid operations, less than 0.001 gram, the weight that writes down last secondary aluminium box is W until twice weight difference in front and back
0
2, pedotheque is tiled in aluminium box bottom, the general assembly (TW) that writes down pedotheque to be measured and aluminium box is W
1
3, open first valve 12 that connects on vacuum pump 4 and constant humidity cabinet 1 first pipeline, shut other valve, start vacuum pump 4 and bleed, after vacuum tightness reaches 0.1 millimeter of mercury, close vacuum pump 4; Place under 25 ± 2 ℃ of temperature, the relative humidity up to constant humidity cabinet 1 seal case space is 60% ± 2%;
4, close all valves, open the top cover of sample placing box 2;
5, take away the aluminium lid, have the uncovered aluminium box of pedotheque to put on the porous plate 11 of sample placing box 2 top cover of seal sample placing box 2 interior;
6, open the 3rd valve 13, start vacuum pump 4 and bleed, after vacuum tightness reaches 0.1 millimeter of mercury, close vacuum pump 4;
7, close first valve 12 and the 3rd valve 13, open second valve 14 and the 4th valve 15, ON cycle pump 3;
8, through 24 hours, close all valves, take out the aluminium box, cover the aluminium lid, measure and write down the total weight of aluminium box and pedotheque;
9, repeat 5～8 step, restrain less than 0.001 until the total weight difference of front and back two secondary aluminium boxes and pedotheque, the total weight that writes down last secondary aluminium box and pedotheque is W
2
10, take away the aluminium lid, the interior aluminium box that pedotheque arranged was placed under 105～110 ℃ of constant temperature baking 8 hours, after taking out and in exsiccator, being cooled to room temperature, cover the aluminium lid, measure the total weight of aluminium box and pedotheque;
11, take away the aluminium lid, the aluminium box is placed under 105～110 ℃ of constant temperature baking 3～4 hours again, after taking out and in exsiccator, being cooled to room temperature, cover the aluminium lid, measure the total weight of aluminium box and pedotheque; Repeat the aforesaid operations of this step, less than 0.001 gram, the total weight that writes down last secondary aluminium box and pedotheque is W until twice weight difference in front and back
3
12, be calculated as follows the pedotheque water percentage
W
1＝(W
2-W
3)/(W
3-W
0)×100％
W in the formula
1Be maximum moisture absorption water percentage, W
2-W
3Be maximum hygroscopicits amount, W
3-W0 is the pedotheque dry weight.
Claims (3)
1, the measurement mechanism of the maximum moisture absorption water percentage of soil, it is characterized in that, this device comprises constant humidity cabinet (1), sample placing box (2), ebullator (3), vacuum pump (4), pipeline and valve, constant humidity cabinet (1) is one to place movably seal case of saturated sodium bromide salt solusion (6), top cover in its bottom, and sample placing box (2) is that the seal case of porous barrier (11) is laid in the removable centre of a top cover; Tank wall on constant humidity cabinet (1) liquid level top is opened three holes, by first pipeline, second pipeline and the 3rd pipeline respectively with vacuum pump (4), sample placing box (2) and ebullator (3) are communicated with, the 5th pipeline is installed on first pipeline and second pipeline is again made the win pipeline and second pipeline connection, the 3rd valve (13) is installed between the 5th pipeline, first valve (12) is installed on first pipeline between constant humidity cabinet (1) and the 5th pipeline, second valve (14) is installed on second pipeline, between the first pipeline vacuum pump (4) and the 5th pipeline, pressure vacuum gauge (10) is installed, the other end that is communicated with constant humidity cabinet (1) pipeline at sample placing box (2) with ebullator (3) passes through the 4th pipeline connection, and between the 4th pipeline the 4th valve (15) is installed.
2, the measurement mechanism of the maximum moisture absorption water percentage of soil according to claim 1 is characterized in that its top of described constant humidity cabinet (1) is installed into air valve (7) and hygrometer (9) respectively, and draining valve (8) is installed in its bottom.
3, use the method for the maximum moisture absorption water percentage of measurement mechanism measured soil of the maximum moisture absorption water percentage of the described soil of claim 1, it is characterized in that, this method follows these steps to order and carries out:
A, will cover the aluminium box and place under 105～110 ℃ of constant temperature baking 3～4 hours, after taking out and in exsiccator, being cooled to room temperature, measure aluminium box weight; Again the aluminium box is placed again under 105～110 ℃ of constant temperature baking 3～4 hours, after taking out and in exsiccator, being cooled to room temperature, measure aluminium box weight; Repeat aforesaid operations, less than 0.001 gram, the weight that writes down last secondary aluminium box is W until twice weight difference in front and back
0
B, pedotheque is tiled in aluminium box bottom, the general assembly (TW) that writes down pedotheque to be measured and aluminium box is W
1
C, open first valve (12) that connects on vacuum pump (4) and constant humidity cabinet (1) first pipeline, shut other valve, start vacuum pump (4) and bleed, after vacuum tightness reaches 0.1 millimeter of mercury, close vacuum pump (4); Place under 25 ± 2 ℃ of temperature, the relative humidity up to constant humidity cabinet (1) seal case space is 60% ± 2%;
D, close all valves, open the top cover of sample placing box (2);
E, take away the aluminium lid, have the uncovered aluminium box of pedotheque to put on the porous plate (11) of sample placing box (2) top cover of seal sample placing box (2) interior;
F, open the 3rd valve (13), start vacuum pump (4) and bleed, after vacuum tightness reaches 0.1 millimeter of mercury, close vacuum pump (4);
G, close first valve (12) and the 3rd valve (13), open second valve (14) and the 4th valve (15), ON cycle pump (3);
H, through 24 hours, close all valves, take out the aluminium box, cover the aluminium lid, measure and the total weight of record aluminium box and pedotheque;
I, repeat the step of e～h, restrain less than 0.001 until the total weight difference of front and back two secondary aluminium boxes and pedotheque, the total weight that writes down last secondary aluminium box and pedotheque is W
2
J, take away the aluminium lid, the interior aluminium box that pedotheque arranged was placed under 105～110 ℃ of constant temperature baking 8 hours, after taking out and in exsiccator, being cooled to room temperature, cover the aluminium lid, measure the total weight of aluminium box and pedotheque;
K, take away the aluminium lid, the aluminium box was placed under 105～110 ℃ of constant temperature baking 3～4 hours again, after taking out and in exsiccator, being cooled to room temperature, cover the aluminium lid, measure the total weight of aluminium box and pedotheque; Repeat the aforesaid operations of this step, less than 0.001 gram, the total weight that writes down last secondary aluminium box and pedotheque is W until twice weight difference in front and back
3
L, be calculated as follows the pedotheque water percentage
W
f＝(W
2-W
3)/(W
3-W
0)×100％
W in the formula
fBe maximum moisture absorption water percentage, W
2-W
3Be maximum hygroscopicits amount, W
3-W
0Be the pedotheque dry weight.
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200310111462 CN1219202C (en) | 2003-11-27 | 2003-11-27 | Apparatus and method for testing maximal moisture regain and content of soil |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200310111462 CN1219202C (en) | 2003-11-27 | 2003-11-27 | Apparatus and method for testing maximal moisture regain and content of soil |
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|---|---|
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| CN1219202C true CN1219202C (en) | 2005-09-14 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101201310B (en) * | 2006-12-14 | 2010-10-13 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Vacuum watering device for measuring soil water stable aggregate |
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| CN102830034A (en) * | 2012-08-29 | 2012-12-19 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Method and device for measuring maximum hygroscopicity of soil |
| CN103293083A (en) * | 2013-06-05 | 2013-09-11 | 无锡天惠塑机有限公司 | Soil water absorption or water desorption simulation device and method |
| CN103447100B (en) * | 2013-09-09 | 2015-03-18 | 南京林业大学 | Constant-temperature and constant-humidity box |
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| CN111175169A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-05-19 | 中国地质大学（北京） | Rock wettability evaluation method |
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- 2003-11-27 CN CN 200310111462 patent/CN1219202C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101201310B (en) * | 2006-12-14 | 2010-10-13 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Vacuum watering device for measuring soil water stable aggregate |
| CN109239277A (en) * | 2018-10-17 | 2019-01-18 | 西安元智系统技术有限责任公司 | A kind of porous media measuring system and measurement method |
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| CN1544911A (en) | 2004-11-10 |
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Owner name: WUHAN INST. OF ROCK AND SOIL MECHANICS, CHINESE A Free format text: FORMER OWNER: WUHAN INST. OF ROCK AND SOIL MECHANICS, CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES Effective date: 20070713 |
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