CN1218431C - 无线电通信设备、无线基站和功率控制方法 - Google Patents

无线电通信设备、无线基站和功率控制方法 Download PDF

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CN1218431C
CN1218431C CN991106822A CN99110682A CN1218431C CN 1218431 C CN1218431 C CN 1218431C CN 991106822 A CN991106822 A CN 991106822A CN 99110682 A CN99110682 A CN 99110682A CN 1218431 C CN1218431 C CN 1218431C
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antenna
power
radio
communication equipment
base station
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CN1250234A (zh
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T·B·F·维尔林
R·A·布鲁佐尼
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
    • H04W88/02—Terminal devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/38—Transceivers, i.e. devices in which transmitter and receiver form a structural unit and in which at least one part is used for functions of transmitting and receiving
    • H04B1/3827—Portable transceivers
    • H04B1/3833—Hand-held transceivers
    • H04B1/3838—Arrangements for reducing RF exposure to the user, e.g. by changing the shape of the transceiver while in use
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
    • H01Q1/242—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use
    • H01Q1/243—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use with built-in antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
    • H01Q1/242—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use
    • H01Q1/245—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use with means for shaping the antenna pattern, e.g. in order to protect user against rf exposure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/24—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the orientation by switching energy from one active radiating element to another, e.g. for beam switching
    • H01Q3/247—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the orientation by switching energy from one active radiating element to another, e.g. for beam switching by switching different parts of a primary active element
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/28—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the amplitude
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
    • H04W52/04—TPC
    • H04W52/18—TPC being performed according to specific parameters

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
  • Transmitters (AREA)
  • Support Of Aerials (AREA)
  • Transceivers (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种具有一个定向天线构件的无线电主设备，特别是无线电话机或移动电话系统的基站。所述设备有一个邻近参数测定装置和一个发射控制装置供根据邻近参数就发射方向调节天线结构的发射功率。本发明通过经济实惠的措施能大幅度限制无线电设备在人体组织方向上发射的有害辐射的功率。

Description

无线电通信设备、无线基站和功率控制方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种无线电通信设备，该设备包括：一个收发信装置，耦合到一个天线构件上，天线构件的天线方向图起重要的作用，提高了天线构件在某些发射方向的重要性；和一个功率调节装置，由一个控制元件控制，供调整所述天线方向图。
本发明还涉及一种适宜与无线电电信系统的起码一个无线基站联系的流动无线电设备，所述设备包括：一个无线电收发信装置，耦合到一个天线构件上，天线构件的天线图起重要的作用，提高了天线构件在某此地发射方向的重要性；和一个功率调节装置，由一个控制元件控制，供调整所述天线方向图。
本发明还涉及无线电电信系统的一种无线电基站，适宜与起码一个流动无线电终端联系，所述基站包括：一个无线电收发信装置，耦合到一个天线构件上，天线构件的天线方向图起重要的作用，提高了天线构件在某些发射方向的重要性；和一个功率调节装置，由一个控制元件控制，供调整所述天线方向图。
本发明最后涉及一种功率控制方法，供控制多个分别具有一定发射功率的定向天线按给定方向发射的功率。
本发明在借助无线电信道的电信领域中特别是在无线电话学中有许多用途。
背景技术
以德文发布的欧洲专利申请EP752735介绍了本说明书开端所述的那种通信设备，通信设备有一个发射功率限制装置供限制为人体组织所吸收的发射功率，和一个天线阵，与一个控制机构电连接，供根据计算出的在天线平面测出的阻抗与其在无干扰现场的阻抗相应的基准值之间的变化逐一调节各天线的发射功率。这个差值表示人体组织所吸收的辐射功率。
发明内容
本发明提出了一种防止无线电波沿人体组织的方向发射的装置，这种装置比起上述专利中所述的更容易实施而且更有效。因此这里提供了本说明书开端所述的通信设备，其特征在于，它有一个邻近检测装置供测定起码一个邻近参数并给控制元件提供控制功率调节装置的邻近信号。
因此，本发明提供了一种无线电通信设备，包括：一个收发信机，耦合到一个具有一个特定天线辐射图的天线结构，该天线结构给予某些发射方向更大的辐射强度；和一个功率调节装置，由一个控制元件控制，供调整所述天线辐射图；一个邻近检测装置，供测定至少一个邻近参数，并给控制元件提供控制功率调节装置的邻近信号，其中该邻近检测装置包括一个湿度检测器。
其中，天线结构有多个定向天线，各个定向天线沿给定方向分别有一个发射功率，所述功率调节装置有一个功率控制器供调节各定向天线的发射功率。
所述功率控制器有一个开关供有选择地使一个或多个定向天线发挥作用或不发挥作用。
所述邻近检测装置包括一个温度检测器。
优选地，所述无线电通信设备是适宜与无线电电信系统的至少一个无线电基站通信的移动无线电设备，所述收发信机是一个无线电收发信机。
本发明还提供了一种适宜与至少一个移动无线电终端通信的无线电电信系统无线基站，所述无线基站包括：一个无线电收发信机，耦合到一个具有一个特定天线辐射图的天线结构上，该天线结构给予某些发射方向更大的辐射强度；和一个功率调节装置，由一个控制元件控制，供调整所述天线辐射图；一个邻近检测装置，供测定至少一个邻近参数并给控制元件提供控制功率调节装置的邻近信号，该邻近检测装置包括一个湿度检测器。
本发明还提供了一种功率控制方法，供控制多个具各自的发射功率的定向天线沿给定方向的发射功率，其特征在于，它包括下列步骤：测定包括一个湿度参数的至少一个邻近参数以生成一个检测结果来检测所述定向天线附近有无人体存在；将所述邻近参数的检测结果与设定值比较以生成一个比较结果；选择至少一个定向天线，根据比较结果来调节该定向天线的发射功率。
由于本发明的目的是为用户的健康着想限制有害辐射的发射，因而采用这种邻近检测器非常有利。
这些检测器还有这样的特点，它还有两个好处：由于是无源器件，因而对用户无害，因为它们不发射任何无线电波。此外，有了这些检测器就可以无需进行上述方法中建议的对发射功率的测定和对功率差值的计算。这些检测器意味着在能进行旨在限制用户吸收辐射能的功率电平控制之前必须发射一定的功率电平，所以不仅是消耗功率的器件而且还是有害的。
下面参着附图说明本发明的一些实施例，从这些实施例可以清楚理解本发明的上述和其它方向。
附图说明
图1是本发明通信设备的方框图；
图2是本发明移动无线电通信设备的一个实例；
图3是图2所示设备的一个具体实施例；
图4是本发明控制发射功率的方法一个实例的流程图。
具体实施方式
图1中所示的实例可与采用各种定向发射天线的无线电话机结合起来使用。通信设备的收发信装置11耦合到多个定向天线12至15(其天线方向图提高了某些发射方向的重要性)。各天线与受控制元件17控制的功率调节装置16电连接。控制元件17可以由可适当编程的只读存储器、一个随机存取存储器、一个具模/数转换器和数/模转换器的输入/输出接口和所有与各种外围设备接口所需要的装置。
邻近检测装置18接控制元件17，通过测定象温度或湿度之类的邻近参数检测设备附近有无人体组织存在，并给控制元件17发送所检测物体的邻近系数特性。因此，这种检测器能区分具特定系数的人体和具不同系数的另一物体。这个系数值经控制元件17分析并与存储在例如只读存储器中的设定值比较，从而根据其优先选取的传输方向确定发射功率应加以减小的那些定向天线，并激发对功率调节装置16的适当控制。
在控制元件17的控制下，功率调节装置16选择一个或多个天线，并根据检测器18所产生的数据调节天线的发射功率。
收信时，当所产生的功率比发信时小得多时，可以采用所有辐射方向而不致危及用户。
按照本发明的一个最佳实施例，邻近检测器18为无源式红外温度计，能测定出距检测器20厘米的物体的温度。
功率调节装置16最好有一个受控制元件17控制的开关(图中未示出)，供逐一使所选择的天线发挥作用或不发挥作用，并完全抑制在拟避免的传输方向上的天线方向图呈波瓣的不发挥作用的天线发挥作用。
图2是无线电话机的透视图，无线电话机的天线构件在收发信状态下工作，其天线方向图简化成几个主波瓣，图中以虚线表示。当发信频带和收信频带与各天线的通带相差太大以致彼此不兼容时，发信和收信最好采用不同的天线。另一方向，设备的体积应取得使其可以容纳大量天线，在吉赫频率范围工作的通信设备的实际情况就是这样。
图2所示的实例有一个外壳20、一个键盘21、一个控制显示器22、一个耳机23、一个话筒24、和一个天线构件。天线构件有四个分立的定向发射天线位于外壳20内。这些天线由例如几个陶瓷盘构成，其形成的天线方向图的四个主波瓣25，26，28沿四个正交方向取向。这里可以采用象K·Fuyirnoto等人所著的“流动天线系统手册”一书(Artech House公司1994年版)第436～451页上所详述的“定相阵式”可调节的小型网络天线束代替带各种可独立加以控制的天线的系统。
图3是说明图2所示无线电话机的工作过程的方块图。天线30至33一方向通过一个天线收发转换开关与收发信电路Tx/Rx耦合，另一方面与开关34至37耦合。开关34至37由控制元件17根据其收自邻近检测数据控制。收发信电路是本技术领域普通技术人员所熟知的，因而这里不再说明。但需要指出的是，与天线构件耦合的发信电路起码有一个功率放大器。在多个发射天线的情况下，无线电话机的功率放大器和发信电路的数目和发射功率与其它天线的发射功率无关、独立加以控制的天线一样多。
按照本发明的一个最佳实施例，邻近检测器检测人体组织时触发了控制元件17对一些适当开关使天线方向图指向用户头部的天线不发挥作用的控制。在图2中所示四个天线的实例中，通常应使其不发挥作用的天线为产生波瓣27的天线。
这种实施例用在提高多重路径重要性的传播媒体和/或基地如网络密度高的地区时，抑制发射中的天线使其在给定活动范围内的主波瓣起重要作用并不能大幅度减小位于此活动范围内各基站的能见度。实际上，在第一种情况下，电磁波的多重反射提高了其抵达目标的概率，在第二种情况下，通信可用现有的另一个基站建立起来。因此，实施例特别适用于都市环境中的现行用途。另一方面，用在其它用途时，增设全向天线还是有用的，可以避免在此情况下失去与现有唯一基站的联系。
按照另一个实施例，各天线都与自己的发信电路连接，诸开关则用受控制元件控制的一些衰减器代替，以根据邻近检测结果调节各天线的发射功纺。此实施例要求各天线与一个可调节的功率放大器连接。鉴于这些放大器的能耗大，因而此实施例只留给那些功耗不那么高的设备使用，例如流动电信系统的基站。
图4示出了可用图1所示与图2的无线电话机形成一个整体的控制元件17进行束控制定向天线构件发射的功率的发射功率控制方法。
控制方法从方框K0开始。在主框K1，读取无线电话机发射的功率PEM。此功率可在例如发信电路功率放大器的输出端读取。在方框K2，读取值PEM被测试，并和代表对用户无害的最大辐射功率的设备值PMAX相比较。如果测试读出值PEM＞PMAX是否定的，控制方法就往前进入方框K3，在方框K3选择所有的天线而无需调节功率。若测试结果是肯定的，控制方法就往前进入方框K4，测定邻近参数以检测设备附近是否有人存在。视乎该最佳实施例而定，此步骤可以是用灵敏度范围在20厘米左右的红外传感器测定环境温度TB。方框K5进行的测试是将前一步骤测出的测定值TB与给定值TMIN和TMAX相比较。若证实TMIN＜TB＜TMAX，则进入步骤K6选择适当的天线并调节这些天线的发射功率。否则返回方框K3。
上面通过实例说明了本发明的通信设备、电话设备、基站和根据邻近参数调整天线构件天线方向图的方法。当然，在不脱离本发明范围的前提下是可以提出实施例的各种方案的，特别是在待检测的邻近参数的选择方面和所使用天线构件的选择方面。

Claims (7)

1.一种无线电通信设备，包括：
一个收发信机，耦合到一个具有一个特定天线辐射图的天线结构，该天线结构给予某些发射方向更大的辐射强度；和
一个功率调节装置，由一个控制元件控制，供调整所述天线辐射图；
一个邻近检测装置，供测定至少一个邻近参数，并给控制元件提供控制功率调节装置的邻近信号，其中该邻近检测装置包括一个湿度检测器。
2.如权利要求1所述的无线电通信设备，其特征在于，天线结构有多个定向天线，各个定向天线沿给定方向分别有一个发射功率，所述功率调节装置有一个功率控制器供调节各定向天线的发射功率。
3.如权利要求2所述的无线电通信设备，其特征在于，功率控制器有一个开关供有选择地使一个或多个定向天线发挥作用/不发挥作用。
4.如权利要求1所述的无线电通信设备，其特征在于，邻近检测装置包括一个温度检测器。
5.如权利要求1所述的无线电通信设备，其特征在于所述无线电通信设备是适宜与无线电电信系统的至少一个无线电基站通信的移动无线电设备，所述收发信机是一个无线电收发信机。
6.一种适宜与至少一个移动无线电终端通信的无线电电信系统的无线基站，所述无线基站包括：
一个无线电收发信机，耦合到一个具有一个特定天线辐射图的天线结构上，该天线结构给予某些发射方向更大的辐射强度；和
一个功率调节装置，由一个控制元件控制，供调整所述天线辐射图；
一个邻近检测装置，供测定至少一个邻近参数并给控制元件提供控制功率调节装置的邻近信号，该邻近检测装置包括一个湿度检测器。
7.一种功率控制方法，供控制多个具各自的发射功率的定向天线沿给定方向的发射功率，其特征在于，它包括下列步骤：
测定包括一个湿度参数的至少一个邻近参数以生成一个检测结果来检测所述定向天线附近有无人体存在；
将所述邻近参数的检测结果与设定值比较以生成一个比较结果；
选择至少一个定向天线，根据比较结果来调节该定向天线的发射功率。
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