CN1215343A - Heat disinfection of seeds - Google Patents

Heat disinfection of seeds Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1215343A
CN1215343A CN97193716A CN97193716A CN1215343A CN 1215343 A CN1215343 A CN 1215343A CN 97193716 A CN97193716 A CN 97193716A CN 97193716 A CN97193716 A CN 97193716A CN 1215343 A CN1215343 A CN 1215343A
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seed
heat
water content
temperature
seeds
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CN1133467C (en
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K·阿尔尼斯
S·安德森
S·伯格曼
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Acanova AB
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
    • A01C1/08—Immunising seed
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
    • A61L2/0005—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor for pharmaceuticals, biologicals or living parts
    • A61L2/0082—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor for pharmaceuticals, biologicals or living parts using chemical substances
    • A61L2/0094—Gaseous substances
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
    • A61L2/02—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using physical phenomena
    • A61L2/04—Heat

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
  • Storage Of Fruits Or Vegetables (AREA)
  • Fodder In General (AREA)
  • Apparatus For Disinfection Or Sterilisation (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a heat treatment process for disinfection of seeds from pathogens and other undesirable fungi and bacteria, the process being characterised by supplying to the seeds non-water-borne heat while regulating the treatment time and temperature with regard to the condition and moisture content of the seeds in such a way that the seeds are heated from outside and in, while evaporation of moisture from the surface of the seed, and owing to that, cooling of the same is prevented and no changes in the moisture content occur.

Description

The heat disinfection of seed
Invention field
The present invention relates to eliminate pathogen in the seed and the heat treatment method of other harmful fungoid and antibacterial.This method can be used for the seed treatment of forest, gardening and agricultural crops, is particularly useful for the processing of various crop seeds on agricultural and the gardening.Heat treatment with reference to cereal seed further specifies the present invention below, but the inventive method is not limited in this application.
Background of invention
Pathogen in the seed (as: pathogenic fungi in the cereal seed) is caused a large amount of economic losses every year, has reduced crop yield, has damaged the quality of corn, and makes that the storage of (for example) Rhizoma Solani tuber osi is difficult more.For the ecological cultivation person, because the cultivation that is controlled at of pathogen is difficult to prove effective season, the pathogen of going out of seed is handled extremely important.It is very great to invent a kind of ecological sterilizing methods meaning at the pathogen in the seed.The annual fungus disease that transmits at seed is with a large amount of corn of chemical treatments (the autumn sowing corn greater than 90%; The spring sowing corn of about 40%-50%), so that cultivating season with more a spot of or just can obtain the crop of health without chemicals control disease.From economy, environment and healthy reason, most of growers wish to reduce the use of chemical reagent.So the seed Biocidal treatment method that is sought after a no chemicals replaces a large amount of at present chemical method for treating seeds that adopt.
Prior art
The fifties and the sixties hot water treatment control Fructus Hordei Vulgaris and loose smut of wheat as sterilizing methods.This processing method (Persson, 1990) as described below:--seed was soaked in water about 3 hours;--take out seed and airing;--place 53 ℃, Fructus Hordei Vulgaris to place 51 ℃ water to keep 5 minutes Semen Tritici aestivi;--seed was transferred in the cold water but 5 minutes;--dry seed.
The labor intensity of above-mentioned sterilizing methods is bigger, is eliminated by new chemical reagent processing method competition owing to two main causes.One, the final effect of this known hot water treatment method uncertain and; Its two, this method cost is higher, at first, the dry run energy consumption after its processing is bigger.
Experiment shows, the hot water treatment of cereal seed is to the smut (Ustilagonuda) of control Fructus Hordei Vulgaris, leaf cecospora spot (Drechslera graminea) and net blotch, loose smut of wheat (Ustilagotritici), snow rotten (Microdochium nivale), leaf withered and clever withered (Stagonospora noclorum) and maculopathy (Drechslera tritici-repentis), avenaceous smut (UStilagoavenae) and leaf cecospora spot (Drechslera avenae) and rye (Secale cereale L.) snow mold have better effects (Bergman, 1993,1994,1996a, 1996b).Yet a very big problem in this research is that the exsiccant cost of seed is too high after handling.Water content can be up to more than 50% after handling.Can not degenerate when storing for making, cereal seed must drying be reduced to below 15% water content.
The expensive cost of seed drying also once attempted using exsiccant hot-air, but the result is undesirable after the hot water treatment.Also attempted microwave treatment, also do not succeed.Reason may be when using microwave treatment, and heat is in the inner generation of the embryo's of sensitivity seed, yet most of pathogen is the surface that is positioned at seed, and the heat that the method produces on the surface is less relatively.Experiment also attempts having used water vapour, but can not cause adverse effect to germination again owing to should eliminate pathogen effectively, so the temperature range that can Gong select for use is very narrow.
About prior art, also can be with reference to DD217407, DD297333, EP0196464, EP0622085, GB1535926, GB2150803, FR1260436, JP58111667, SU422368, SU760905 and US4633611.
The object of the invention
The seed sterilizing methods that general purpose of the present invention provides a kind of economy reduces the existence of the pathogen in the seed, and environment is caused the least possible harm, thereby can realize that crop keeps good output to reduce the use of chemosterilization reagent simultaneously.
Another purpose is to come by the means of careful control heating that sterilization does not change the water content of seed to seed.
Brief description of the present invention
The present invention achieves the above object by pathogen in the elimination seed and the heat treatment method of other deleterious fungus and antibacterial, the method is characterized in that, supply with seed and become heat with non-water, regulate time and the temperature of handling according to the factor and the water content of seed simultaneously, make preventing moisture content that seed obtains heating with the inside from the outside from the evaporation of the surface of the seed and the refrigerative while of the surface of the seed that causes therefrom.According to one embodiment of the invention, it is by finishing to the seed transmission of heat by contact that is attached on the conveyer belt that heat provides.According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, heat is to be provided by the hot-air with certain humidity, and its humidity can prevent the increase or the minimizing of seed moisture content.
Seed for example is the seed of corn and Rhizoma Solani tuber osi.
" seed " described herein is meant phanerogamous gonophore; Said " seed " refers to the seed of seed for corn, that is to say the fruit of corn; With for Rhizoma Solani tuber osi, be meant the Rhizoma Solani tuber osi seed.
Brief description of drawings
Accompanying drawing of the present invention is explained as follows respectively.
Fig. 1 represents the rising along with treatment temperature, and heat treatment is to the germination and the health affected of seed.
Fig. 2 is the sketch map of a specific embodiments of the present invention.
Detailed description of the present invention
Effectively heat sterilization needs stable putting with strict heat to supply and the accurate processing time. The Principles of Heating Processing of seed can illustrate with accompanying drawing 1. Interested interval is can eliminate the pathogen in the seed and the interval that do not reduce simultaneously its germination percentage. If temperature is too low when processing, pathogen also can survive; If temperature is too high, seed then can be dead.
Pathogen and its host's dead condition difference is larger, the heat treatment that just more might succeed. Following factor can affect object being treated to heat treated sensitiveness. (Baker, 1962):--the water content of object being treated; Water content is higher, and is more responsive;--possible rest period, as: germinate rest period; More responsive without the dormancy thing;--plant age and survival ability, it is more responsive to plant the less material of larger survival ability in age;--the situation of possible protective layer, the crannied seed of kind skin is more responsive;--the temperature in growth period, growth period low temperature increases its sensitiveness;--the size of handled thing, more little more responsive;--the difference of kind.
As mentioned above, be that according to the disadvantage of prior art method hot water treatment the water content of processing later seed will be higher than 50%, after this just means Seed Treatment, must be dried to the water content degree that to preserve, and this cost is very expensive. Heat treatment method of the present invention provides a kind of heat treatment method of controlling that effectively be improved and better. Utilize heat treatment method provided by the invention, do not need to go again drying thereby after heat treatment, can obtain low water content. The inventive method is to be based upon on the basis of following inventive idea: because most pathogens are positioned at the top layer of seed, so heat by careful control and sterilize to seed, and do not cause drying, namely can evaporation not occur and make the surface of the seed cooling at the surface of the seed, do not cause the increase of seed moisture content simultaneously yet.
As mentioned above, existing known seed hot water treatment technology has shortcoming. The present invention is based upon and followingly understands on the basis: namely accurately the heat treatment of control has higher efficient than unsettled processing, can realize that with the technology that can obtain at present heat treated high precision controls. Method of the present invention like this comprises seed heat treatment method claimed in claim 1, and a preferred embodiment is to process seed with the hot-air of high humility.
A feature of the inventive method is to supply with seed to become heat, time and the temperature of regulating processing according to situation and the water content of seed simultaneously with non-water.
The inventive method is described further with reference to specific embodiments shown in Figure 2. That as described below double teacher carries out continuously according to this specific embodiments of the present invention: the A. input phase, regulate the bed thickness of added seed to guarantee that the follow-up heating period is homogeneous heating; B. the heating period, by the supply hot-air seed is heated to predetermined temperature, time heating period is short as far as possible, and the water content of seed is not changed. Water evaporation--if any--can cause energy to be used to evaporate rather than be used for heating, so just affect the efficiency of heating surface. Yet the time of heating period again must long enough and so that seed can reach predetermined treatment temperature. For quality and load capacity, this stage is the most responsive; C. the processing stage, seed steady temperature and and humidity under warming to time of calculating; D. cooling stage, for the control processing time with the seed quenching; With the E. output stage, the seed of the bacterium of will having gone out is removed.
The hot-air that B and C stage import, its suitable humidity is 60～90%, it depends on the kind and the water content of seed.
The processing time in C stage is depended on the kind of handled seed and the pathogen that will eliminate.In the experiment of being done with corn (Fructus Hordei Vulgaris), use the processing time that is lower than 10 minutes to reach satisfied effect.In some cases, according to the kind of seed and pathogen, may need to reach 10 minutes even the longer processing time.
B and the temperature of C in the stage depend on the water content of seed of adding and the pathogen that desire will be eliminated from seed.If the suitable treatments temperature is determined, temperature can be regulated well, maintain within the narrow scope.In the Fructus Hordei Vulgaris above-mentioned experiment, its processing time is less than 5 minutes, the temperature that is adopted be 65～67 ℃ and when handling air humidity more than 70%.
By adopting the closed system that heat energy is recycled in cooling procedure, it is minimum that energy expenditure can reduce to.
The variations in temperature of seed and be (Nellist, 1978 that must be noted that to the influence of germination; Nellist ﹠amp; Bruce, 1995).
The success of the inventive method is based on the following fact: make the surface of the seed not produce evaporation by high-precision heat treated control, the water content of seed does not change yet, and keeps heat treatment period enough short and adjust treatment temperature so that protein invariance and do not influence germination simultaneously.
Embodiment
In following experiment, adopt the infected seed of each crop, before handling, each batch bacteria infection crop has all been analyzed its gradient of infection, water content and germination percentage.Analytical method is according to the conventional method of analysis as OISTA handbook [world regulation (International Rules for SeedTesting, 1993) of seed test].
As long as suitable, sand, paper and soil all can be used to analyze seed germination rate.Can use the gradient of infection of determining corn based on the method for osmotic absorbent method (Joelson, 1983).Compare with other method, this method fast and simply is particularly suitable for measuring the pathogenic epiphyte that belongs to speckle mushroom type (Drechslera).In this assay method, the seed seed places in the interior absorbent paper of a flat transparent container.Absorbent paper is dipped in the syrup (135 grams per liter tap water) and dries.Container places the chamber, accepts illumination in 12 hours 25～28 ℃ of conditions, then places the dark place 12 hours 18～20 ℃ of conditions.The osmotic pressure of solution has stoped the growth of seed seed but has allowed fungus to begin growth.The fungus that this adverse circumstance of process is handled begins to discharge can be for the particular matter of studying to paper.Can study the disease of speckle bacterium (Drechslera) after seven days.
After seed treatment, carry out same analysis with method recited above.For the final effect of handling of weighing, the seed of handling is carried out field experiment.The result is as follows.
With the new processing method of the present invention to natural infection the barley seed of filigree bacterium, leaf streak bacterium and ustilago test.
The field experiment result that nineteen ninety-five carries out is as follows.For the purpose of contrast, the result of the seed of the seed that is untreated, antibacterial processing and the seed of hot water treatment also provides (only seeing Table 1).Table 1. field test (nineteen ninety-five), E Site Glan prefecture (Ostergotland) is for leaf streak pathogenic bacteria (Drechslera graminea), filigree bacterium (Drechslera teres) and the ustilago (Ustilago nuda) of Fructus Hordei Vulgaris, and different method for treating seeds are to the comparison of germinate influence and bacteria-eliminating efficacy.
Relative % Strain number/m 2 Relative % Strain number/m 2 Relative % Strain number/m 2 Relative % Black powder fringe/100m 2
Handle Germinate D. leaf cecospora spot D. net blotch U. smut
Be untreated ????100 ????372 ????100 ????42 ????100 ????11 ????100 ????46
Processing such as Guanoctine * ????107 ????397 ????0 ????0 ????0 ????0 ????62 ????29
Hot water treatment ** ????83 ????309 ????49 ????22 ????0 ????0 ????28 ????13
The inventive method is handled *** ????95 ????353 ????0 ????0 ????0 ????0 ????55 ????25
?LSD=0.05；54.4 ?LSD=0.05；17.3 ?LSD0.05=3.7 ?LSD?0.05=14.1
*=biguanide acetate (150 grams per liter)+imizalil (10 grams per liter) *=pre-soaking; Airing; Placed 52 ℃ of hot water 5 minutes; Cold water cooling 5 minutes; Dry. * *=according to heat treatment of the present invention.Table 2. field experiment (nineteen ninety-five), prefecture, Stockholm (Stockholm) is for leaf streak pathogenic bacteria (Drechslera graminea) and the ustilago (Ustilago nuda) of Fructus Hordei Vulgaris, and different method for treating seeds are to the comparison of germinate influence and bacteria-eliminating efficacy.
Relative % Strain number/m 2 Relative % Strain number/m 2 Relative % Black powder fringe/100m 2
Handle Germinate D. leaf cecospora spot U. it is black steady sick to loose
Be untreated 100 ?323 ?100 ?42 ?100 ????75
Processing such as Guanoctine * 108 ?348 ?2 ?1 ?70 ????52
The inventive method is handled ** 96 ?309 ?4 ?2 ?76 ????57
?LSD=0.05；50.7 ?LSD=0.05；7.9 ????LSD=0.05=36.5
*=biguanide acetate (150 grams per liter)+imizalil (10 grams per liter) *=according to heat treatment of the present invention.Table 3. field experiment (nineteen ninety-five), prefecture, Stockholm (Stockholm) are for Fructus Hordei Vulgaris filigree bacterium (Drechslera teres), and different method for treating seeds is to the comparison of germinate influence and bacteria-eliminating efficacy.
Relative % Strain number/m 2 Relative % Black powder fringe/m 2
Handle Germinate D. net blotch
Be untreated ??100 ????389 ????100 ????46
Processing such as Guanoctine * ??95 ????370 ????4 ????2
The inventive method is handled ** ??97 ????376 ????0 ????0
?LSD=0.05；67.9 ????LSD?0.05=5.5
*=biguanide acetate (150 grams per liter)+imizalil (10 grams per liter) *=according to heat treatment of the present invention.
The result shows that the treatment effect of heat treatment method of the present invention and antibacterial is suitable, but is better than the hot water treatment method.
So heat treatment method of the present invention has very big potentiality, 1992/93 year, the Sweden whole nation had the seed of 140,000 tons of national authentication to be sold, and wherein 50% is chemically treated seed.(Sweden's statistics, Statistics Sweden, 1995).Suppose will carry out ecological farming at 10% of seed in 2000, this satisfies ecological production with regard to the seed that means 14000 tons of needs, and big part need be aseptic (being assumed to 75%, is exactly 10500 tons) in these seeds of possibility.Also can further estimate has what to be replaced by the seed of heat treatment degerming with the seed of conventional process, so the technology of the present invention has very big application potential.
Preliminarily heated cost is every kilogram of a 0.10-0.15 Swedish krona (SEK).This is equivalent to the expense of preparation in the prior seed processing method, and operation and equipment cost are estimated to be more or less the same with the prior seed processing method.Top result shows that the effect that heat treatment method of the present invention and antibacterial are handled is suitable, and therefore from the viewpoint of economic point of view and especially ecological and environmental protection, method provided by the invention is a fabulous alternative method.
Heat treatment method of the present invention is eliminated other deleterious funguses in the seed and antibacterial and when its germination of not negative effect is very important, as in Beer Production, also can be adopted the inventive method at needs except that above-mentioned application.The inventive method also can be used for the seed of potato seed and gardening transaction, as the aseptic process of carrot seed and forestry transaction seed.
Known technology about the sterilization treatment of potato seed please refer to Burnet, 1990; Machay and Shipton, 1983 and Van der Zaag, 1956.
******
List of references
Baker, the thermotherapy of F.F.1962 plant material (Thermotherapy of plantingMaterial.) Plant Pathology 52,1244-1920,1962
Bergman,S.,1993。The seed of corn transmits the heat treated sterilization method of fungal disease, the 34th Sweden's crop protection meeting.
Bergman, S., 1994, the seed of corn transmits the heat treated sterilization method of fungal disease, ecological agriculture meeting, Uppsala, Sweden, 1993, November 23～24, the ecological agriculture, the 17th phase
Bergman, S., the heat treated sterilization method of the fungal disease that the seed of 1996a corn and Rhizoma Solani tuber osi transmits.Ecological agriculture meeting, Uppsala, Sweden, November 7-8,1995, the ecological agriculture, the 20th phase.
Bergman, S, the 1996b seed transmits the heat treatment of fungal disease, forskningsnyttom oekologisk landbruk, Norelen, nr2.
Burnett, E.T.; Dashwood, P.E.﹠amp; Perombelon, disease that the M.C.M.1990. potato tubers transmits and the control of the hot water treatment of balck shank, the 11st conference (3 years are once), the European Rhizoma Solani tuber osi EAPR-Abstracts of research association, 441-442.
ISTA (1993) seed Science and Technology, 21, Supplement, Rules.Joelsson, G osmosis--the fungus method that a kind of fast measuring seed transmits, ISTA, the 20th ISTA conference, Ottawa, June 17-25,1983.Mackay, J.M.﹠amp; Shipton, P.J.1983, the heat treatment method of control blakleg of potato (ErwiniaCarotovora Subs atroseptica) and other disease, plant pathology 32,385～393.Nellist, the exsiccant safe temperature of M.E cereal seed, national agriculture project institute, ReportNo.29, January 1978.Nellist, M.E.﹠amp; Bruce, D.M hot-air corn drying, the ecosystem of storage corn.ed.by?Jayas,D.S,White,N.D.G?&?Muir,W.E.609-659,1995Persson,G.Hot?Woter?Treatment?of?Model?Weibull,1995,Letler?toLennart?Johnsson,March?1990。Sweden's statistics, 1995, agricultural statistics yearbook, 1995Van der Zaag, D.A.Overwintering an Epiclemiologi van Phytophthoraintestans.Wageningen 1956.

Claims (5)

1. the heat treatment method of the pathogen in the elimination seed and other deleterious fungus and antibacterial, it is characterized in that, supply with seed and become heat with non-water, adjust processing time and temperature according to the factor and the water content of seed simultaneously, so that preventing the refrigerative while of moisture content from the evaporation of the surface of the seed and the surface of the seed that causes therefrom, seed obtains heating from outside to inside, and water content does not change.
2. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that described seed is the seed kind of corn.
3. according to the method for claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that the heat supply is to realize to the seed that invests on the conveyer belt by the contact transferring heat energy.
4. according to the method for claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that it carried out continuously by following five stages:
A. input phase, the bed thickness of regulating added seed is to guarantee that the follow-up heating period is an even heating;
B. the heating period, by the supply hot-air seed is heated to predetermined temperature, time heating period is short as far as possible, and the water content of seed is not changed;
C. the processing stage, seed steady temperature and and humidity under warming to time of being calculated;
D. cooling stage is for the control treatment time cools off seed fast; And
E. output stage, the seed of the bacterium of will having gone out is removed.
5. according to the method for claim 4, it is characterized in that heat is can stop the minimizing of water content of seed or the hot-air of increase to provide by having humidity.
CNB971937168A 1996-04-12 1997-04-10 Heat disinfection of seeds Expired - Lifetime CN1133467C (en)

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SE9601382A SE507856C2 (en) 1996-04-12 1996-04-12 Heat remediation of seeds
SE9601382-6 1996-04-12
SE96013826 1996-04-12

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CN1215343A true CN1215343A (en) 1999-04-28
CN1133467C CN1133467C (en) 2004-01-07

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