CN1214430A - Method for combustion of gaseous, liquid and medium caloric or low caloric fuel in burner - Google Patents

Method for combustion of gaseous, liquid and medium caloric or low caloric fuel in burner Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1214430A
CN1214430A CN 98124585 CN98124585A CN1214430A CN 1214430 A CN1214430 A CN 1214430A CN 98124585 CN98124585 CN 98124585 CN 98124585 A CN98124585 A CN 98124585A CN 1214430 A CN1214430 A CN 1214430A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
fuel
cyclone
burner
low caloric
liquid fuel
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Granted
Application number
CN 98124585
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Chinese (zh)
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CN1154799C (en
Inventor
K·德贝林
T·格里芬
D·温克勒
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Energy resources Switzerland AG
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ABB Research Ltd Switzerland
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Publication of CN1214430A publication Critical patent/CN1214430A/en
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Publication of CN1154799C publication Critical patent/CN1154799C/en
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Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23DBURNERS
    • F23D14/00Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/02Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23CMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C7/00Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply
    • F23C7/002Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply the air being submitted to a rotary or spinning motion
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23DBURNERS
    • F23D11/00Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/36Details, e.g. burner cooling means, noise reduction means
    • F23D11/40Mixing tubes or chambers; Burner heads
    • F23D11/402Mixing chambers downstream of the nozzle
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23DBURNERS
    • F23D17/00Burners for combustion conjointly or alternatively of gaseous or liquid or pulverulent fuel
    • F23D17/002Burners for combustion conjointly or alternatively of gaseous or liquid or pulverulent fuel gaseous or liquid fuel
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23CMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2900/00Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in air; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23C2900/07002Premix burners with air inlet slots obtained between offset curved wall surfaces, e.g. double cone burners
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23DBURNERS
    • F23D2209/00Safety arrangements
    • F23D2209/10Flame flashback

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for combustion of gaseous, liquid and medium caloric or low caloric fuel in a burner with a swirler and the burner. In the method, liquid fuel in kind of of a nepheloid conical liquid fuel column is enclosed by a rotary combustion air stream flowing in tangential into the swirler (1), and additionally gaseous and/or liquid fuel is sputtered into the air stream, as well as with at least a injection nozzle means (8) within the swirler, by which medium caloric or low caloric fuel in axial and/or coaxially is injected.

Description

The method of combustion of gaseous, liquid and middle calorie or low caloric fuel in burner
The present invention relates to a kind of in the burner that has cyclone (Drallerzeuger) combustion of gaseous, liquid and in calorie or the method for low caloric fuel.In addition, the invention still further relates to the burner of implementing said method.
DE19547913A 1Disclose a kind of burner that is used for heating element, at the cyclone 100 that there is shown of this specification, axial liquid fuel is sprayed in the above-mentioned cyclone through the form of fuel nozzle 103 with conical liquid fuel stream.Combustion air flow in the cyclone become tangentially and and aforesaid liquid fuel stream lead at angle between the shell of revolution (Drallschalen) of cyclone, preferably above-mentioned combustion air flow is mixed with gaseous fuel by corresponding ejiction opening 117.Above-mentioned jet 117 is mainly used in and imports this fuel that has the 46MJ/kg high heating value usually of natural gas.Emphasize to some extent in the Germany prospectus of mentioning in the above as for all other structural details of the known burner of use two class A fuel As that also are called as double burner (Dualbrenner).
For example as being learnt from above-mentioned specification, the combustion system that is used for heating element is preferred for the driving of gas turbine.By chance in the subsidiary available natural gas in the gas turbine application field in future and fuel oil also preferentially use as the equipment of double burner fuel calorie or low caloric fuel (Mbtu-resp.LBtu-Bennstoffe) but these traditional fuel is formed with the harmful substances field after burning.These for example from coal or heavy oil gasification are resulting calorie or low caloric fuel (Mbtu-resp.LBtu-Brennstoff) contain a large amount of hydrogen and carbon monoxide, therefore the calorific value of caloric fuel only is about 1/3rd of heating value of natural gas, promptly about 15MJ/kg in.
Caloric fuel mixes mutually in burning gases stream and the gaseous state that is similar to natural gas although can make by tangential entrance in principle, but may form following deficiency: promptly therefore make to have the large volume stream that mixes in the cyclone, thereby make the local very high pressure loss that produces, this will influence the stability of formed gas line constantly.In addition, contain the hydrogen that has the strong reactivity energy in a large number in the middle caloric fuel of mixing, this has very big danger for the tempering of flame in the burner.This incorrect flow will further cause the fuel malcombustion imported, thereby combustion process is obviously worsened, and for example make the NO in the waste gas xObviously increase.The tempering of flame causes burner overheated the most at last in the burner, and makes some burner member bear great thermic load and near their thermic load critical value.
Although caloric fuel itself is little to the stability influence of swirling eddy in spraying near burner outlet, and avoided the further tempering of flame in the burner, but because mixer is short, caloric fuel and mixing of combustion gases are insufficient in making, thereby combustion process is similar to diffusion, the NO that generation is very many xThough can reduce NO by middle caloric fuel is suitably fully mixed (hohe Beimischung) with nitrogen or water vapour xEmission measure, but fuel is so diluted and will cause gas turbine proficiency to reduce.For same consideration, when using low caloric fuel, also to increase input quantity.
Task of the present invention is to provide a kind of combustion of gaseous, liquid and calorie or low caloric fuel, the burner that has cyclone and combustion method of being used for, liquid fuel with conical liquid fuel column form is sprayed into vaporific in the method, the rotary combustion gas stream that the aforesaid liquid fuel column is tangentially flowed in the cyclone surrounds, like this, the burning of the fuel of being mentioned above can making under using the situation of single a kind of fuel obtains following several respects effect:
A) obviously minimizing especially reduces NO to the emission measure of the influential material of environment xEmission measure with CO;
B) guarantee the flowing relation set up in the cyclone, especially can avoid or eliminate the hidden danger that flame refluxes in the burner;
C) guarantee flame stabilization;
D), increase the acquisition of energy by means of full combustion of fuel; And
E) by in burner, spraying into the efficient of middle calorie of non-dilution fuel raising gas turbine.
Claim 1 has provided the technical scheme of finishing task of the present invention, and this claim has been described method of the present invention.The theme of claim 6 is the burners that carry out work according to the inventive method.
The theme of dependent claims is preferred other features by the present invention's design.Theme of the present invention is: gaseous fuel (as natural gas), liquid fuel (as oil) and in or low caloric fuel (so-called Mbtu-or LBtu-Brennstoffe) burning jointly in the burner of band cyclone, wherein in or low caloric fuel sprayed in burner or the cyclone vertically and/or coaxially.Be preferably near liquid fuel jet part above-mentioned fuel is sprayed into the inside of cyclone, aforesaid liquid fuel cyclone inside at each burner under the state of spraying into forms the conical liquid fuel column gradually.Can guarantee in this way to spray into the additional tiny fog-like liquid fuel of cyclone inside can be very fully with in or low caloric fuel mix.
Will in or low caloric fuel spray into cyclone inside vertically or coaxially and can cause the burner flow field obviously to change, can strengthen above-mentioned axial flow part by caloric fuel in additional the spraying into, and rotating part reduces in the same way almost.As from above-cited Germany prospectus DE19547913A1 especially from the capable described example of the 4th hurdle 55-66 available known manner reduce rotating part, thereby make so-called backflow bubble (R ü ckstr mblase) instability, so that make the recirculating zone flame stabilization.
Different with the top double burner principle of mentioning is can normally the backflow bubble that is produced in the recirculating zone be blown off owing to having increased the axial flow part, therefore can eliminate the hidden danger of tempering significantly.
As this paper begin to be mentioned, central or low caloric fuel contains a large amount of hydrogen and has very by force when reactive, these fuel are still guaranteed the necessary flame holding of burning, will form the retention flame and can not form the recirculating zone effectively this moment.
Also will in or low caloric fuel send into liquid fuel entrance zone with sailing against the current so that well mix with fuel that has sprayed into and the burning gases that spray in the cyclone.In this manner, because the mixing segment length of premixed combustion has more satisfactory NO xThe emission value can obtain above-mentioned emission value when natural gas is carried out premixed combustion.
In order to reduce corresponding emission value nitrogen or water vapour are mixed.The special benefits of doing like this is to have avoided the efficient of the whole gas turbine that causes because of dilution to reduce.
Implementing the burner of the inventive method regards as the improvement at the described double burner of above-mentioned Germany prospectus DE19547913A1, according to the present invention, the 3rd fuel system of also additional general or low caloric fuel input cyclone on the fuel system that is used for natural gas and liquid fuel.Be preferably near the entrance zone, center, the liquid fuel by spraying into cyclone inside, the shell of revolution by cyclone, by entrance will in or low caloric fuel spray into the inside of cyclone.In or the input of low caloric fuel and liquid fuel input carry out vertically and/or coaxially, they are respectively with the cyclone axial symmetry.
Present invention is described according to an embodiment below with reference to accompanying drawing, and the present invention is not limited to this general inventive concept.
Fig. 1 is the longitudinal sectional drawing of the burner that builds up by the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the cross-sectional view of the cyclone of caloric fuel in spraying into.
Burner shown in Fig. 1 is made of a cyclone 1 and a mixer 2, and this mixer streamwise links to each other with cyclone 1.In cyclone 1, be provided with for a plurality of tangential firing gases and flow the taper shape formation thing that 3 (see figure 2)s enter from tangential inflow.In West Germany prospectus DE19547913A1 Fig. 1 to Fig. 5 depicted in greater detail the structure of cyclone 1 and profile and the shape by the cyclone hydrodynamic phenomenon that can form, will spell out below about these situations.Be made up of the transition portion 21 of band transition passage 22 and next-door neighbour's mixing tube 23 with the mixer 2 of cyclone 1 adjacency, this point is not main points of the present invention.Mention that these combustor components only are to wish burner apparatus is done complete description, so that can supply with the needed fuel of combustion process.
At upper area is in the conical cyclone 1, is provided with a nozzle 4 of liquid fuel being sent into cyclone 1 inside on the central shaft.Center on the input channel 5 (seing before shown in the head) that nozzle 4 is provided with caloric fuel in the input coaxially, pipeline 5 passes cyclone shell (Drallerzeugerschalen) 6,7.Make the middle caloric fuel of tiny distribution in cyclone 1, append to (not shown) and mixing with it in the cyclone 1 inner formed air-flow vertically or coaxially by respective nozzles 8.
Equally, also be provided with gaseous fuel supply pipe 9, gaseous fuel tangentially is admitted to (see figure 2) the cyclone from outside with combustion air.
Compared with prior art, caloric fuel will make the axial component by that part of logistics that imports after the transition portion 21 that is provided with transition conduit 22 and by mixing tube 23 back strengthen in the additionally coaxial supply, therefore can normally will blow off near mixing tube 23 formed what is called " eddy flow destroys (Drall-Breakdown) " (backflow bubble) in 10 scopes of combustion chamber under the situation of known double burner.
Preferably utilize coaxial feeding cyclone shell 6,6 ', 7,7 ' fuel injection orifice 8 with the input of middle caloric fuel peak efficiency ground.Can spray into middle caloric fuel by one or more nozzles of each cyclone shell.
Fig. 2 is the cross-sectional view by the cyclone 1 that the present invention constituted.The liquid that is axially arranged with at cyclone 1 fires nozzle 4, is sequentially with a plurality of cyclone shells 6,6 ', 7,7 ' around this nozzle angledly.On tangential between each adjacent cyclone shell, burning gases 3 are fed tangentially the inside of cyclone 1, above-mentioned burning gases are mixed with natural gas by means of having the corresponding conduit 9 that sprays into nozzle.In an example shown, cyclone shell 6,6 ', 7,7 ' respectively have the fuel nozzle of caloric fuel in the input to pass.Difference according to applicable cases also can be provided with a plurality of nozzles to each cyclone shell, therefore, can change the middle caloric fuel amount of axially supplying with in very wide zone along the burner direction.

Claims (10)

1, in the burner that has cyclone (1) burning gases, liquid and in, the method for low caloric fuel, in the method, make liquid fuel be rotary combustion gas stream (3) encirclement that vaporific this fuel column of conical liquid fuel column (4 ') is tangentially flowed into cyclone (1), additional gas and/or liquid fuel are sprayed in the above-mentioned gas stream, and by at least one of cyclone inside spray into parts (8) will in or low caloric fuel spray into vertically and/or coaxially.
2, the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that with in undiluted or low caloric fuel promptly do not add as in the additional materials such as nitrogen and/or water vapour or low caloric fuel spray into.
3, method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that making spray in or low caloric fuel and liquids and gases fuel and burning gases (3) in cyclone (1) internal mix, so that can premixed combustion.
4,, it is characterized in that flow field axial, that distribute, that be made of fuel and burning gases 3 has one big axial flow part, can reduce or avoid the danger of tempering by means of this in burner as each described method in the claim 1 to 3.
5, as each described method in the claim 1 to 4, it is characterized in that above-mentioned in or low caloric fuel gas from coal or heavy oil gasification and obtain.
6, the burner of method that is used for the enforcement claim 1 to 5 of heating element, it has the cyclone (1) and the fuel jetting device that are used for burning gases streams (3), and at least one is used for first jetting device (4) of liquid fuel, aforesaid liquid fuel is the liquid fuel post (4 ') of vaporific taper vertically in cyclone (1), has second jetting device (9) that is used for gas and/or liquid fuel at least, above-mentioned gas and/or liquid fuel and burning gases streams (3) tangentially spray in the cyclone (1) together, it is characterized in that in cyclone (1), being provided with at least one the 3rd jetting device (8), but by means of this device liquid fuel within post (4 ') axially and/or coaxial direction will in or low caloric fuel infeed the inside of cyclone (1).
7, burner as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that with above-mentioned the 3rd jetting device (8) be arranged on sail against the current near first jetting device (4) part on the cyclone (1).
8, as claim 6 or 7 described burners, it is characterized in that cyclone (1) is made of the several shell of revolutions that separate (6,6 ', 7,7 '), by these shells can with in or low caloric fuel spray into.
9, burner as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that each shell of revolution is provided with one or several jetting device (8).
10,, it is characterized in that above-mentioned jetting device (8) has a jet exit at least, is divided into fine part by above-mentioned outlet fuel as the described burner of claim 6 to 9.
CNB981245854A 1997-10-08 1998-10-07 Method for combustion of gaseous, liquid and medium caloric or low caloric fuel in burner Expired - Fee Related CN1154799C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP19970810752 EP0908671B1 (en) 1997-10-08 1997-10-08 Combustion process for gaseous, liquid fuels and fuels having medium or low calorific value in a burner
EP97810752.2 1998-10-08

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN1214430A true CN1214430A (en) 1999-04-21
CN1154799C CN1154799C (en) 2004-06-23

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CNB981245854A Expired - Fee Related CN1154799C (en) 1997-10-08 1998-10-07 Method for combustion of gaseous, liquid and medium caloric or low caloric fuel in burner

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EP (1) EP0908671B1 (en)
JP (1) JP4155638B2 (en)
CN (1) CN1154799C (en)
DE (1) DE59710093D1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110268196A (en) * 2017-03-27 2019-09-20 株式会社Ihi Burner and gas turbine

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DE19859829A1 (en) 1998-12-23 2000-06-29 Abb Alstom Power Ch Ag Burner for operating a heat generator
FR2792393B1 (en) * 1999-04-16 2001-06-29 Pillard Chauffage MULTI-FUEL BURNER
EP1070914B1 (en) 1999-07-22 2003-12-03 ALSTOM (Switzerland) Ltd Premix burner
DE59909531D1 (en) * 1999-07-22 2004-06-24 Alstom Technology Ltd Baden premix
DE10029607A1 (en) * 2000-06-15 2001-12-20 Alstom Power Nv Method to operate burner; involves operating burner with two groups of fuel outlets to supply different amounts of same fuel, where outlet groups are supplied independently and controlled separately
WO2001096785A1 (en) 2000-06-15 2001-12-20 Alstom (Switzerland) Ltd Method for operating a burner and burner with stepped premix gas injection
DE10064259B4 (en) 2000-12-22 2012-02-02 Alstom Technology Ltd. Burner with high flame stability
US6986311B2 (en) * 2003-01-22 2006-01-17 Joel Vatsky Burner system and method for mixing a plurality of solid fuels
EP1568942A1 (en) * 2004-02-24 2005-08-31 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Premix Burner and Method for Combusting a Low-calorific Gas
EP1614967B1 (en) * 2004-07-09 2016-03-16 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method and premixed combustion system
EP1817526B1 (en) * 2004-11-30 2019-03-20 Ansaldo Energia Switzerland AG Method and device for burning hydrogen in a premix burner
US9593625B2 (en) * 2008-02-13 2017-03-14 Nigel A. Buchanan Internal combustion engines
CN102563646B (en) * 2012-02-08 2014-05-07 王爱洁 Combustion device for gaseous fuel with low heating values
DE102018114870B3 (en) 2018-06-20 2019-11-28 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Burner system and method for producing hot gas in a gas turbine plant

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US4859173A (en) * 1987-09-28 1989-08-22 Exxon Research And Engineering Company Low BTU gas staged air burner for forced-draft service
JP3133066B2 (en) * 1991-04-25 2001-02-05 シーメンス アクチエンゲゼルシヤフト Burner burner for combusting coal gas and other fuels with low harmful emissions, especially for gas turbines
DE4304213A1 (en) * 1993-02-12 1994-08-18 Abb Research Ltd Burner for operating an internal combustion engine, a combustion chamber of a gas turbine group or a combustion system
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DE19545036A1 (en) * 1995-12-02 1997-06-05 Abb Research Ltd Premix burner
DE19547913A1 (en) 1995-12-21 1997-06-26 Abb Research Ltd Burners for a heat generator

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110268196A (en) * 2017-03-27 2019-09-20 株式会社Ihi Burner and gas turbine
CN110268196B (en) * 2017-03-27 2020-11-27 株式会社Ihi Combustion apparatus and gas turbine
US11231176B2 (en) 2017-03-27 2022-01-25 Ihi Corporation Combustion device and gas turbine

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN1154799C (en) 2004-06-23
DE59710093D1 (en) 2003-06-18
EP0908671B1 (en) 2003-05-14
EP0908671A1 (en) 1999-04-14
JP4155638B2 (en) 2008-09-24
JPH11190504A (en) 1999-07-13

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