CN1212242A - Light weight disposable building form and its making method - Google Patents
Light weight disposable building form and its making method Download PDFInfo
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- CN1212242A CN1212242A CN97116459A CN97116459A CN1212242A CN 1212242 A CN1212242 A CN 1212242A CN 97116459 A CN97116459 A CN 97116459A CN 97116459 A CN97116459 A CN 97116459A CN 1212242 A CN1212242 A CN 1212242A
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- formwork
- top board
- side direction
- magnesium
- direction wall
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/30—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing magnesium cements or similar cements
- C04B28/32—Magnesium oxychloride cements, e.g. Sorel cement
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Forms Removed On Construction Sites Or Auxiliary Members Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a light-weight disposable building mould shell and its production process. Said mould shell mainly is made up by using magnesia cement, resin, light aggregate and glass fibre and adopting lamination process or die pressing process. Said invention is simple in its production mould structure and low in cost, and said invented mould shell can provide different shapes, sizes and bearing capacities, and has the advantages of light self-weight, high-strength and good fire-proofing property, convenient construction and can save mould shell stripping time.
Description
The present invention relates to building slab such as floor, ceiling, relate in particular to the formwork that high-building construction is used.
As everyone knows, along with development and national economy, Urban Land Price rises day by day, and bustling location really is an an inch of land is an inch of gold.For under the less condition of floor space, obtain big as far as possible floor area of building, the development of Highrise buildings is inevitable.Architects in certain floor space and certain spatial altitude, build more floor, with the economic benefit of expanding investment, given up traditional primary and secondary beam slab system, adopted the two-way ribbed slab system, thereby make every layer of structure height compress 30%-40%; Promptly under the condition that does not change original usage space, can make original Floor 12 building become ten trilaminar buildings.Along with the rise and the development of the Highrise buildings of two-way ribbed slab system, also just arisen at the historic moment as the formwork of its preparation of construction.
At present, the formwork that Building Trade in China is used has following five kinds from the material branch: regeneration PVC plastic form, steel plate formwork, frp mould, sand-cement slurry formwork, timber form; From using branch, then repeat to use two kinds of formwork and disposable formworks.The situation of above-mentioned these several formworks in its manufacturing and use is described below respectively:
One, regeneration PVC plastic form: this formwork is that present construction industry is used the widest a kind of formwork, and it is injection molded into the large-scale high-pressure injection moulding machine of 25000 grams.The structure of this formwork (referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4) is quite complicated, it by formwork planar rectangular top board 1, sidewall 2, be separately positioned on the irony gusset 3 at four sidewall angle of cut places, on four sidewall 2 inner-wall surfaces, be provided with close rib 4, with screw be bound up on respectively four side wall perimeter edges angle steel 5, connect top board 1 and sidewall 2 band steel strengthening support 6, four jiaos of strengthening supports 7 of adjacent wall two oblique connections formed and constituted as a whole.This formwork because the high and self structure complexity of its injection mold price, so its make trouble, the cost height.Reuse formwork, seemingly save to the eye, and the waste of a kind of in fact really potential, this spy is analyzed as follows: although 1. scribble releasing agent on the formwork surface, but the cohesive force between concrete and formwork still is sizable, and the form removal effort is time-consuming, whenever tears 400 formworks open and (is roughly equal to 1000 meters
2Floor) often needs time more than 2 days; One every layer 1000 meters
215 layers of building, only form removal just needs a wheat harvesting period consuming time, therefore incurs loss through delay the duration, has a strong impact on economic benefit of investment.2. only behind concrete curing, just can pull down owing to formwork, and the concrete curing time was generally three days, form removal takes two days, so be every layer of 3～4 times of needing the formwork amount in the formwork amount of actual use of when construction, could supply to build on the coagulation, maintenance, three operation cycle operations of form removal; Therefore must cause that the formwork consumption is big, service efficiency is low, this has increased occupied fund undoubtedly.3. this formwork, though when design, considered the engineering supporting capacity and added close rib, gusset, the angle steel periphery, strengthening support, but because the cohesive force between concrete and formwork is strong and distribute also inhomogeneous, each formwork of position in high cohesive force district is all inequality, also can't predict, so the form removal reactive force and the collision bearing capacity in the transportation of formwork still are insufficient, the breakage rate of formwork in form removal and transportation is still very high, it is 20～25 times that the reusable number of times of formwork generally has only, only be below 50% of access times of expection, thereby increased construction cost.4. because the die cost height of formwork, material cost big, make reasons such as difficulty and demand be less, formwork manufactory can only provide the formwork of several specifications of large usage quantity, and the top board shape only is limited as planar rectangular, its height specification also has only 300,350,400 millimeters three kinds, can not satisfy the needs that Contemporary Architecture requires modern design, new intention is arranged; Architects have no alternative but adopt the remedial measure of trimming the feet to fit the shoes under the optional situation of no suitable formwork, will increase investment budgey again undoubtedly.In addition, this formwork also exists such as drawbacks such as round transport expense height and destruction environmental protection.
Two, frp mould: the main raw of making this formwork is polyester and glass fibre, and its structure and PVC plastic form are basic identical, so its cost more is higher than the PVC plastic form, also is the formwork that is repeatedly used.But because this formwork is bigger than PVC formwork and concrete cohesive force with concrete cohesive force, form removal is more difficult, so its shortcoming of using is bigger than PVC formwork.
Three, steel plate formwork: it by steel plate form because of formwork be hexahedron, and the formwork of each specification can only be poured into a mould a kind of body, as long as in three-dimensional dimension, there is the one dimension size to change, the formwork that just needs another corresponding size, owing to steel product cost height, easy-to-rust, deposit difficulty, it is alternative that producer can not make the formwork of a large amount of different sizes.Can not pour into a mould appearance is the obform body that on-plane surface surrounds.In addition, it also has self heavy, and the big and high shortcoming of cost of construction intensity by damage and the form removal difficulty that corrosion causes, also is its fatal weakness, so also nonideal formwork.
Four, wooden formwork: it has light weight, easily processing and comparatively cheap advantage, but because its lacks fire resistance price height, can not still need pull down behind concrete curing as the disposable formwork of staying on the member.Yet this formwork is because big with concrete cohesive force, and self intensity is low, and the form removal breakage rate is very high, so still have construction cost higher and incur loss through delay the shortcoming of duration.
Five, cement formwork: its structure such as Fig. 4, shown in Figure 5, this formwork comprises as upper base and two rectangle cement base plates 8 of going to the bottom, four that connect with bottom perimeter up and down become orthogonal cement sidewall 9, base plate 8 surrounds hollow hexahedron with sidewall, be provided with in the cavity 2～3 bonding with upper and lower bottom plate and sidewall and become as a whole plate shape strengthening support 10; This formwork is disposable formwork, so it has eliminated above-mentioned four kinds of formworks because all drawbacks that form removal brings.But we should see: though this formwork does not form an integral body of bearing load with the member connection after construction is finished, it has become the load of member on the contrary; Especially above-mentioned base plate 8, sidewall 9 and strengthening support 10 all are that thickness is the cement plate of 10 mm thick, the own wt of whole formwork reaches about 100 kilograms, this huge deadweight not only causes difficulty to construction, has more brought to buildings and has amounted to floor area of building and be about 100 kilograms/meter
2Extra duty.The design loading of general dwelling house, apartment, office building is 150 kilograms/meter
2, only surplus 50 kilograms/meter 2 of surpluses, this is absolutely unsafe beyond doubt to building.If design the time has been considered the formwork deadweight, then need to strengthen vertical and level such as plate-girder, post, basis to load forces, increase investment budgey.In addition, this formwork fragility greatly, easily break, especially the angle of cut between all each faces of formwork is 90 °, stress concentration is very disadvantageous to the building structure strained condition.
In sum, present various building forms that use all have respectively and are difficult to the fatal shortcoming that overcomes separately, more can not satisfy the needs of novel, various building design and construction in the present age.
The objective of the invention is to: design and this method for manufacturing shuttering that light weight disposable building form is provided, make formwork have that deadweight is little, mould is simple, easy to manufacture, cost is low, resistivity against fire good, can adapt to different size, the advantage of the needs of different profile and different loads, to eliminate the delay duration that existing formwork causes because of form removal, because of the formwork profile or size is complete and the excessive investment cost that causes of conducting oneself with dignity increases drawbacks such as using inconvenience.
Be real above-mentioned purpose, the technical scheme that the present invention takes is as follows:
The making material of this formwork is magnesium oxide, magnesium chloride, talcum powder, unsaturated polyester resin and corresponding initiator and promotor, glass fibre or its fabric; Wherein, the weight percent of each component is:
Magnesium oxide (purity be not less than 80%) 35～50%
Magnesium chloride brine (ripple magnesium degree 25～30%) 35～50%
Initiator is an amount of
Promotor is an amount of
Glass fibre or its fabric 10～30%
In many cases, described magnesium oxide, the magnesium cement of available chloride, the magnesium cement that contains vitriol or salic magnesium cement substitute; Described unsaturated polyester resin can be used urea-formaldehyde resin, urethane resin or alternative with the hybrid resin of Resins, epoxy and resol; The kind of initiator, promotor and usage quantity are with selecting for use the rosin products specification sheets to do corresponding change; Described magnesium oxide and talcous part or all of, available light calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, flyash, diatomite or perlite to substitute.
Formwork of the present invention is divided into two kinds of unidirectional formwork and two-way formworks: described unidirectional formwork (referring to Fig. 7) is that a planar rectangular top board 12, two symmetries are divided and be located at shell member top board 12 both lateral sides and that form with the side direction wall 13 that top board combines as a whole, the lower end of two side direction walls 13 is equipped with the supporting eaves 14 outside stretching, extension and that parallel with top board that combines as a whole with it, 14 one-tenth of eaves of supporting are plate shaped, surface, its underpart is flat or is provided with some fins or flange, to increase frictional force; 13 one-tenth obliques of top board 12 and side direction wall, angle between two planes α is the best with 103-108 °.Described two-way formwork (referring to Fig. 8), by a planar rectangular top board 15, four as a whole side direction walls 16 that respectively link with top board four limits and become are formed, and constitute one and become taper type shell structure of the no end, four side direction wall lower ends are equipped with the side direction wall and combine as a whole and the supporting eaves 17 parallel mutually with flat board, four supporting eaves homogeneous phases connect becomes an annular integral body, the lower surface of supporting eaves 17 is flat or is provided with some fins or flange, top board 15 is the obtuse angle with the angle of cut of side direction wall 16, its angle of cut is the best with 103-108 °, the another kind of form (referring to Fig. 8) of described two-way formwork is: the shape of top board 18 becomes plane special-shaped, the side direction wall for one or several plane 19 of connecing with top board periphery profile kissing or/and curved surface 20, plane or curved sides are to wall 19,20 become the obtuse angle to intersect parallel connection with end face is one, angle of cut γ is good with 103 °-108 °, side direction wall lower end all is placed with outside stretching, extension and the supporting eaves 21 parallel mutually with top board, become the supporting eaves and the side direction wall of specially-shaped annular to combine as a whole, the lower surface of supporting eaves is flat or is provided with some fins or flange.
Above-mentioned various formwork does not all have ribbed stiffener on the inner wall surface thereof, its outside wall surface is preferably made uneven surface, to increase it and concrete frictional force and cohesive force; End face becomes the smooth surface transition with the cross-connecting area of side direction wall and adjacent wall.
For clearly demonstrating technical scheme of the present invention, be described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments now:
Description of drawings:
The vertical view of Fig. 1-existing PVC plastic form;
Figure cuts open in the side direction office of Fig. 2-existing PVC plastic form;
The upward view of Fig. 3-existing PVC plastic form;
Fig. 4-formwork A portion amplification profile shown in Figure 2;
Figure cuts open in Fig. 5-existing cement formwork office of overlooking;
Figure cuts open in the side direction office of Fig. 6-existing cement formwork;
The unidirectional formwork perspective view of Fig. 7-the present invention;
The two-way formwork perspective view of Fig. 8, Fig. 8 '-the present invention;
The vertical view of Fig. 9-two-way formwork shown in Figure 8;
Figure cuts open in the side direction office of the two-way formwork of Figure 10-the present invention;
The supporting eaves diagrammatic cross-section of Figure 11-unidirectional and two-way formwork;
The manual production process flow sheet of Figure 12-formwork of the present invention;
The mold pressing technological process of production figure of Figure 13-formwork of the present invention;
The construction synoptic diagram of Figure 14-formwork of the present invention.
Example 1 is made material prescription and formwork design according to aforementioned formwork, and I have carried out concrete making to formwork.Because of being manufactured with two kinds of laminating and compression moldings, so its technology is also slightly different, wherein the technical process of laminating manufacturing formwork as shown in figure 11, and with the technology of compression molding manufacturing formwork as shown in figure 12, its concrete grammar (step) is as follows:
1, magnesium chloride and water are inserted container and stirring with 3: 2 ratio, magnesium chloride is dissolved fully, make ripple magnesium degree and be the solution of 26-30, standby.
2, will be as the magnesium oxide and the talcum powder thorough mixing of aggregate, standby.
3, the unsaturated polyester resin is inserted container, add corresponding initiator and promotor, pour magnesium chloride solution into after stirring and make thorough mixing, pour aggregate magnesium oxide and talcum powder again into, stir the bonding paste that makes into pasty state.
4, press the selected or making mould of shape and size of formwork, coat releasing agent at die surface.
5,1. when using laminating, lay layer of glass cloth and compacting then by the bonding paste that step 3 makes scribbling on the mould of releasing agent equably coated one deck, the more bonding paste of coated one deck.So repeatable operation is repeatedly till reaching pre-determined thickness, pressurization (0.5MPa gets final product) then, heats to 80-100 ℃ and is incubated 30 minutes), the demoulding after the moulding.
5,2. when using compression molding, involutory by pre-determined thickness behind coated releasing agent on the yin, yang mould inwall, compress, the bonding paste that step 3 is made and the glass fibre of cut-out are mediated evenly to make and are contained the sticking by paste of reinforcement, with the high-pressure slip-casting machine should bonding paste injection mould, the demoulding can be shaped after heating about 30 minutes.
6, will be 1. or 5 2. the In Shade maintenance of formwork of gained is about seven days by step 5, finishing after completely solidified, polishing are finished product.
Example 2, load test shows: with above-mentioned prescription and the prepared thickness of manufacture method is that 4 millimeters regular size formwork has 350 kilograms/meter
2Supporting capacity.Because this formwork is disposable formwork, so the problem of the form removal bearing capacity when not having form removal, the formwork of 4 mm thick has 350 kilograms/meter
2Vertical bearing capacity, can carry the load in the common construction completely.Under the situation of especially big construction load, this formwork also needn't increase thickness, gets final product and only need add interim strut member.Figure 13 is the construction synoptic diagram of this formwork when super large is loaded, top board inner-wall surface at formwork 22 is provided with a planar shaped respective auxiliary guide plates 23, the respective auxiliary guide plates lower surface is provided with four and forms the fin row that are symmetrically distributed, the one end interlocking of each oblique support bar 25 is in the groove of fin row 25, its the other end connects with flange 27 on the vertical supporting bar 26, constitute many bars supporting structure,, increase supporting capacity to reduce the span of formwork when stressed.
The major advantage of formwork of the present invention is: 1. this formwork is disposable formwork, has eliminated because of form removal and has made The loss of time that becomes; 2. the weight of this formwork is only amounted to for the 1/6-1/8 of disposable cement formwork Construction area is about 15 kg/ms2), have safely, reduce investment outlay and the advantage of constructability; 3. the mould structure of this formwork is simple, and price only is the 1-2% of PVC formwork Die price, so Can according to the formwork that all size, shape, bearing capacity need to be provided of engineering, satisfy the novelty of Contemporary Architecture Intention and diversified needs; Although 4. square being directly proportional of bending stress and span, mid-span deflection with stride The biquadratic of degree is directly proportional, and also needn't increase formwork thickness in the situation big in span, that carrying is big, only needs Take auxiliary supports span can be dwindled below half, so escapable cost; And auxiliary supports because of Directly do not contact concrete, its dress, tear open all very convenient; 5. this form strength is higher, fire protecting performance is good, Outward appearance is creamy white, can saves Decorative Construction.
Claims (5)
1, a kind of manufacture method of light weight disposable building form is characterized in that: the making material of this formwork is magnesium oxide, magnesium chloride, talcum powder, unsaturated polyester resin and corresponding initiator and promotor, glass fibre or its fabric; Wherein, the weight percent of each component is:
Magnesium oxide (purity be not less than 80%) 35～50%
Magnesium chloride brine (ripple magnesium degree 25～30%) 35～50%
Talcum powder 10～15%
Unsaturated polyester resin 5～8%
Initiator is an amount of
Promotor is an amount of
Glass fibre or its fabric 10～30%
Its concrete grammar (step) is as follows:
(1) magnesium chloride and water are inserted container and stirring with 3: 2 ratio, magnesium chloride is dissolved fully, make ripple magnesium degree and be the solution of 26-30, standby.
(2) will be as the magnesium oxide and the talcum powder thorough mixing of aggregate, standby.
(3) the unsaturated polyester resin is inserted container, add corresponding initiator and promotor, pour magnesium chloride solution into after stirring and make thorough mixing, pour aggregate magnesium oxide and talcum powder again into, stir the bonding paste that makes into pasty state.
(4) the selected or making mould by the shape and size of desiring the molding shell is coated releasing agent at die surface.
(5) 1. when using laminating, lay layer of glass cloth and compacting then by the bonding paste that step (3) makes scribbling on the mould of releasing agent equably coated one deck, the more bonding paste of coated one deck; So repeatable operation is repeatedly till reaching pre-determined thickness, pressurization (0.5MPa gets final product) then, heats to 80-100 ℃ and is incubated 30 minutes), the demoulding after the moulding.
(5) 2. when using compression molding, involutory by pre-determined thickness behind coated releasing agent on the yin, yang mould inwall, compress, the bonding paste that step 3 is made and the glass fibre of cut-out are mediated and are evenly made the bonding paste that contains reinforcement, with the high-pressure slip-casting machine should bonding paste injection mould, the demoulding can be shaped after heating about 30 minutes.
(6) will be 1. or (5) 2. the In Shade maintenance of formwork of gained is about seven days by step (5), finishing after completely solidified, polishing are finished product.
2, the manufacture method of light weight disposable building form according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described magnesium oxide, and the magnesium cement of available chloride, the magnesium cement that contains vitriol or salic magnesium cement substitute; Described unsaturated polyester resin can be used urea-formaldehyde resin, urethane resin or alternative with the hybrid resin of Resins, epoxy and resol; The kind of initiator, promotor and usage quantity are with selecting for use the rosin products specification sheets to do corresponding change; Described magnesium oxide and talcous part or all of, available light calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, flyash, diatomite or perlite to substitute.
3, a kind of light weight disposable building form, include top board, side direction wall, it is characterized in that: unidirectional formwork is that a planar rectangular top board, two symmetries are divided and to be located at the shell member top board both lateral sides and that form with the side direction wall that top board combines as a whole, the lower end of two side direction walls is equipped with the supporting eaves outside stretching, extension and that parallel with top board that combines as a whole with it, the supporting eaves becomes plate shaped, surface, its underpart is flat or is provided with some fins or flange, top board becomes oblique with the side direction wall, and angle between two planes α is the best with 103-108 °.
4, a kind of light weight disposable building form, include top board, the side direction wall, it is characterized in that: two-way formwork is by a planar rectangular top board, four as a whole side direction walls that respectively link with top board four limits and become are formed, and constitute one and become taper type shell structure of the no end, four side direction wall lower ends are equipped with the side direction wall and combine as a whole and the supporting eaves parallel mutually with flat board, four supporting eaves homogeneous phases connect becomes an annular integral body, the lower surface of supporting eaves is flat or is provided with some fins or flange, the angle of cut of top board and side direction wall is the obtuse angle, its angle of cut is the best with 103-108 °, the another kind of form of described two-way template is: the shape of top board becomes plane special-shaped, the side direction wall for one or several plane of connecing with top board periphery profile kissing or/and curved surface, plane or curved sides become the obtuse angle to intersect the one that is in parallel to wall with end face, angle of cut γ is good with 103 °-108 °, side direction wall lower end all is placed with outside stretching, extension and the supporting eaves parallel mutually with top board, become the supporting eaves and the side direction wall of specially-shaped annular to combine as a whole, the lower surface of supporting eaves is flat or is provided with some fins or flange.
5, according to claim 3 or 4 described light weight disposable building forms, it is characterized in that described various formworks all do not have ribbed stiffener on the inner wall surface thereof, its outside wall surface is preferably made uneven surface, and end face becomes the smooth surface transition with the cross-connecting area of side direction wall and adjacent wall.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN97116459A CN1212242A (en) | 1997-09-19 | 1997-09-19 | Light weight disposable building form and its making method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN97116459A CN1212242A (en) | 1997-09-19 | 1997-09-19 | Light weight disposable building form and its making method |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1212242A true CN1212242A (en) | 1999-03-31 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN97116459A Pending CN1212242A (en) | 1997-09-19 | 1997-09-19 | Light weight disposable building form and its making method |
Country Status (1)
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| CN (1) | CN1212242A (en) |
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- 1997-09-19 CN CN97116459A patent/CN1212242A/en active Pending
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