CN1208610C - Solid phase adsorption air pollutant sampler and its producing method - Google Patents

Solid phase adsorption air pollutant sampler and its producing method Download PDF

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CN1208610C
CN1208610C CN 03134701 CN03134701A CN1208610C CN 1208610 C CN1208610 C CN 1208610C CN 03134701 CN03134701 CN 03134701 CN 03134701 A CN03134701 A CN 03134701A CN 1208610 C CN1208610 C CN 1208610C
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glass tube
absorption liquid
tow
air pollutants
air
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CN1492223A (en
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戚其平
姚孝元
王雯
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ENVIRONMENT AND HEALTH RELATIVE PRODUCT SAFETY INST CHINA DISEASE PREVENTION AN
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ENVIRONMENT AND HEALTH RELATIVE PRODUCT SAFETY INST CHINA DISEASE PREVENTION AN
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Abstract

The present invention relates to a solid phase air-pollutant absorbing sampler and a production method thereof. The sampler is composed of a glass tube, a synthetic fiber filament bundle with modified surfaces, and silicon rubber plugs, wherein absorption liquid is filled in tubes of the synthetic fiber filament bundle; both ends of the glass tube are sheathed with the silicon rubber plugs. After being loosened, the chemical-inert synthetic fiber filament bundle is soaked in a mixed solution of sodium silicate and acetic acid. A thin layer of active silica is coated on the surface of the synthetic fiber filament bundle. After being dried, washed and redried, the synthetic fiber filament bundle is loaded in the glass tube. The absorption liquid of various air pollutants is respectively used for impregnating the synthetic fiber filament bundle which is then dried in a centrifuge. The silicon rubber plugs are sheathed on both ends and a finished product is obtained. The sampler can be used for sampling any kind of air pollutants such as nitrogen oxide, sulfur dioxide, formaldehyde and ammonia in indoor air, atmosphere, air in public places and air in workshops. Compared with the existing bubble methods for air pollutants in national standards, the present invention has high sampling absorption efficiency and convenient operation.

Description

A kind of solid phase adsorption air pollutants sampling thief and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of air pollutants sampling thief and preparation method thereof, particularly with the sampling pump coupling air pollutants sampling thief of solid phase adsorption material and preparation method thereof is housed.
Technical background
Because air constantly flows, pollutant levels constantly change in the air.The general mean value that adopts a period of time studies that pollutant influences health in the air, so the air pollutant concentration limit value of stipulating in air quality standard and the air sanitary standard all clearly is defined as annual mean, daily mean, eight hourly average values, hourly average value, 30 minutes mean values etc.The instantaneous concentration value of air pollutants can not use these standards to estimate.Detect air pollutants and generally use instrumental method and chemical method.Instrumental method should be at the appointed time continuously or be interrupted sampling, and adduction is average as a result sampling analysis, behind the mean value with standard in prescribed limits relatively, carry out hygienical evaluation.Instrumental method is easy to operate, but must carry out in official hour continuously or be interrupted sampling, and the instrument utilization factor is very low, the costing an arm and a leg of each sample monitoring.In addition, room air chemical contamination substrate concentration is very low, and instrumental method sensitivity is low, uses the instrumental method of electrochemical detector to be subjected in the air other chemical pollutant interference ratio bigger, influences the accuracy of monitoring result.Be used to monitor indoor air pollutants certain limitation is arranged.Chemical method is to connect the bubble sampling pipe that has absorbent solution with sampling pump, continuous sampling is to official hour, then, in the laboratory absorbent solution that absorbs air pollutants is carried out chemical analysis, draw quantitative result, calculate mean concentration, compare, carry out hygienical evaluation with the limit value of stipulating in the standard.Chemical method can continuous sampling, detects cheaply, and operation is but loaded down with trivial details easily, and especially at the scene, it is just more difficult to adopt a plurality of samples with a set of equipment.Whenever after having adopted a sample, pour the absorption liquid in the bubble absorption tube into color comparison tube, sealing is preserved, and washes three times with the outer tube and the interior pipe of distilled water with the bubble absorption tube, dries, and adds quantitative new absorption liquid, connects sampling pump and gathers next sample.Spot sampling must be with the bubble absorption tube, various absorption liquids, distilled water, whole pipette, color comparison tube etc., and glass wares damages easily in the work on the spot, and the fluid sample of various absorbent solutions and collection is not easy to preserve, and brings very big difficulty to work on the spot.The chemical method that the bubble absorption tube is gathered air pollutants is a method in common classical in the domestic and international air monitering.Since the establishment of the nation, the chemical method of the All Countries of atmosphere, room air, public place air, workshop air or ministerial standard use nearly all is with the sampling of bubble absorption process.
The bubble absorption process is except complex operation, and it is not high for low concentration air pollutants absorption efficiency.The air that has a pollutant is when the air inlet glass tubule of bubble absorption tube enters absorption liquid, because glass processing is difficult to make the bore unanimity of every air inlet glass tubule, the bubble diameter that produces when causing sampling is inconsistent, the air Pollutants Diffusion is inconsistent by the speed that solution absorbs on the walls in the bubble, air pollutant concentration is low more, and Pollutants Diffusion absorption efficiency in the absorbent solution on the walls is low more.Pollutant levels are low more in the air of gathering, and absorption efficiency is low and inconsistent problem is serious more.This is the problem that the bubble absorption process is difficult to solve.
Summary of the invention
The present invention seeks to present situation at above-mentioned prior art provide a kind of simple in structure, with low cost, be easy to produce, the sampling pipe and the manufacture method thereof of active air pollutants easy to use, have following special card with the air pollutants sampling pipe of manufacturing of the present invention:
(1) chemically inert synthon surface coated skim vesicular active silica has stronger adsorptive power to pollutant in the air, increases the receptivity of the absorbing agent of silica surface coating to air pollutants, improves absorption efficiency.
(2) be in the glass tube of 20cm for 5mm length at external diameter 8mm, internal diameter, load the synthon of a branch of surface coated skim vesicular active silica along the pipe range direction, its length is 8-15cm, and this tow has 4000-5000 bar silk, and its total surface area is 0.40-0.64m 2Be on the xsect of glass tube of 5mm at internal diameter, the tow area occupied is the 10.9-13.6% of glass tube area, tow is arranged along the pipe range direction, forms thousands of microtubules between tow, and this sampling pipe windage is little, every little diameter is a micron order, pollutant is easy to be absorbed by the absorption liquid of tow surface coated in the air, and the surface area of tow surface absorption liquid is very big, makes absorption reaction fully, thoroughly.
(3) pollutant in the vesicular active silica thin layer absorbed air of synthon surface coated, just help absorption liquid and pollutant reaction complete, can be with the 5-10mL eluent almost with all contaminants wash-out, eluting rate is greater than 98.5%, and pollutant does not adsorb residual on thin layer of silicon dioxide.
(4) air pollutants that tow surface coated absorption liquid is measured with the need in the sampling pipe are different and different, except that absorbing the used special chemical substance of pollutant, need add triethanolamine or glycerine as NMF, can keep certain humidity to guarantee that a large amount of airflows are out-of-date in sampling process, do not make absorption liquid withered, keep absorption reaction condition preferably.
(5) the special sillicon rubber blocking in sampling pipe two ends is that the internal diameter that an end opening and an end are shut is that 6mm, external diameter are that 8mm, length are the 15mm silicone rubber tube, and shutting end, inboard a base diameter is arranged is that 6mm, top diameter are that 4mm, length are the conical plug of 5mm.Plug and outer tube structure can play the effect of double seal to glass tube in this.Can guarantee room temperature within next day the outside air pollutant can not see through sillicon rubber blocking and pollute inner absorption liquid and blank value is raise, if long preservation should be put the encapsulation of aluminium foil polybag, preserve a month blank value for 4 ℃ and do not raise.
The active air pollutants sampling thief of solid phase adsorption manufacture method is as follows:
(1) glass tube is made: selecting internal diameter with slide calliper rule is that 5.0 ± 0.1mm, external diameter are the glass tubing of 8 ± 0.2mm, is cut into the glass tube that length is 20cm with glass cutter.To manage two ends with fine emery powder and polish, and with fine emery powder wheel with behind the mouth of pipe cylindrical chamfered edge, put alcohol blast burner burn red, mouth of pipe deliquescing, cooling makes the collar extension slyness glass tube two ends in, afterwards sealing effectiveness is relatively good beyond the Great Wall to make sillicon rubber blocking.Put into supersonic wave cleaning machine and clean glass tube, behind deionized water rinsing, in 105 ℃ of oven dry down.
(2) synthetic fibre tows surface modification: synthetic fibre tows can be acetate silk, polypropylene tows, acrylic tow, usually can use polypropylene tows, it is 6.0 to pH that the sodium silicate solution of 1%-5% under agitation drips 1-5M acetic acid, the generation silicon dioxide colloid.The polypropylene tows after bulk of stretching immersed in the dioxide/silica gel liquid solution that generates soaked 2 hours, take out, put hydro-extractor, dry, put the room temperature air dried overnight.Put 80 ℃ of oven dry of baking oven 2 hours, rinsed with deionized water three times are used in cooling, take out, and put hydro-extractor, dry, and take out, and put 80 ℃ of oven dry of baking oven 2 hours, cool off standby.
(3) tow filling: the tow of surface modification is evenly bulk, heavily be the amount control tow thickness of 0.250 ± 0.005g by one section long tow of 11.5cm, be that lead-in wire penetrates in the glass tube with the copper wire with a beam filament, intercepted length is 11.5cm.
(4) absorption liquid: at different air pollutants at the different absorption liquid of tow surface coated.
The absorption liquid of nitrogen dioxide is the acetone soln that contains the 15-25% triethanolamine.
The absorption liquid of sulphuric dioxide is the aqueous solution that contains 15-25% triethanolamine and 10-15% sodium carbonate.
The absorption liquid of formaldehyde is the aqueous solution that contains 15-25% triethanolamine and 1.0-2.5% Sodium Metabisulfite.
The absorption liquid of ammonia is the aqueous solution that contains 0.5-2.5% glycerine and 0.1-0.2M phosphoric acid.
(5) dipping of absorption liquid: filling tow one end that the glass tube of tow is housed in the step (3) is immersed in the absorption liquid, air-breathing with ear washing bulb at the glass tube other end, absorption liquid is risen in glass tube surpass 2cm above the tow, clog the glass tube upper end with sillicon rubber blocking, absorption liquid floods tow and takes out sillicon rubber blocking after 20 minutes in glass tube, after allowing absorption liquid flow out, take out glass tube, put into hydro-extractor, rotating speed is centrifugal 2 minutes of 300rpm, takes out, and puts on immediately and the jam-pack sillicon rubber blocking, with distilled water flushing band plug glass tube outside, dry.
(6) encapsulation: with the band plug glass tube of dipping absorption liquid in the step (5), put into the aluminium foil polybag for per two, heating is encapsulated as finished product.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is solid phase adsorption air pollutants sampling thiefs, by glass tube 1, has the synthetic tow 2 of absorption liquid in the pipe, and sillicon rubber blocking 3 is formed.The external diameter of glass tube 1 is that 8mm, internal diameter are that 5mm, length are 20cm.Synthetic tow 2 is the synthon of the surface coated vesicular active silica thin layer of dipping absorption liquid, and length is 11.5cm.Sillicon rubber blocking 3 length are that 15mm., external diameter are 8mm.
Sillicon rubber blocking among Fig. 2 (3) is that the internal diameter of an end opening and an end closure is that 6mm, external diameter are that 8mm, length are the silicone rubber tube 4 of 15mm, and it is that 6mm, top diameter are that 4mm, length are the conical plug 5 of 5mm that a base diameter is arranged in an end inboard of sealing.
Embodiment
(1) sampling pipe of ammonia in the air:
1, glass tube is made: selecting internal diameter with slide calliper rule is that 5.0 ± 0.1mm, external diameter are the glass tubing of 8 ± 0.2mm, is cut into the glass tube that length is 20cm with glass cutter.To manage two ends with fine emery powder and polish, and with fine emery powder wheel with behind the mouth of pipe cylindrical chamfered edge, put alcohol blast burner burn red, mouth of pipe deliquescing, cooling makes the collar extension slyness glass tube two ends in, afterwards sealing effectiveness is relatively good beyond the Great Wall to make sillicon rubber blocking.Put into supersonic wave cleaning machine and clean glass tube, behind deionized water rinsing, put 105 ℃ of oven dry.
2, polypropylene tows surface modification:
The preparation of silica-coating liquid: take by weighing 40g sodium silicate (Na 2SiO 39H 2O A.R.) add the 960mL deionized water, micro-wave oven heating 1 minute after the dissolving, adds the 1000mL deionized water again, stirs, and adding 5M acetic acid (A.R.) 57.0mL to pH is 6.
Tow surface modification: get polypropylene tows 100g, above-mentioned silica-coating liquid is immersed in the even bulk back of tow, room temperature was placed 2 hours, take out centrifuge dripping, after the room temperature air dried overnight, put 80 ℃ of oven dry of baking oven 2 hours, cooling, with rinsed with deionized water three times, take out, centrifuge dripping is put 80 ℃ of oven dry of baking oven 2 hours.
3, tow filling: will be coated with the shredded dried bean curd bundle of silicon dioxide, be that lead-in wire penetrates glass tube with copper wire, and intercepting tow length is 11.5cm.
4, the dipping of absorption liquid: absorption liquid is the aqueous solution that contains 1% glycerine and 0.1M phosphoric acid.
Preparation: measure phosphoric acid (C.P.) 6.9mL with graduated pipette and add 10g glycerine (A.R), add deionized water to 1000mL.
Dipping a: end of filling tow that installs the glass tube of tow in the step 3 is immersed in the beaker in the absorption liquid, from other end extracting air, absorption liquid prolongs pipe and rises to above tow 2cm, clogs this end with sillicon rubber blocking with ear washing bulb, make the interior absorption liquid of pipe be higher than tow, put 30 minutes, and took out sillicon rubber blocking, take out the glass tube of dipping absorption liquid, put into hydro-extractor, rotating speed is 300rpm, centrifugal 2 minutes, unnecessary absorption liquid is dried.Take out, two ends put and the jam-pack sillicon rubber blocking, with deionized water rinsing glass tube outside, dry, and are the sampling pipe of ammonia in the air.
5, encapsulation is preserved: per 2 of sampling pipe in the step 4 is put in the aluminium foil bag and added heat-seal, put the back 4 ℃ of preservations of encapsulation in the polybag, the term of validity 1 month for per ten.Surpassing term of validity blank value may slightly raise, but does not influence use.
6. sampling: open the sampling pipe packing, remove sampling pipe two ends sillicon rubber blocking, receive rapidly on the air intake opening of sampling pump, after 30-60 minute sampling pipe is taken off with the flow velocity sampling of 0.2-0.7L/min, two ends put and the jam-pack sillicon rubber blocking, put into former aluminium foil bag encapsulation.Temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure and sampling time during the record sampling.
7. wash-out: eluent is 5 * 10 -3MH 2SO 4
Open the two ends sillicon rubber blocking of the sampling pipe of adopting sample, the end that tow is arranged is put in the 10mL color comparison tube, choke sampling pipe with water dropper at colorimetric mouth of pipe place and make it unsettled in color comparison tube, be added in the blank pipe of sampling pipe upper end with the gradation of 11.8mL eluent, collecting eluent in the color comparison tube is 10mL.Use the blue colorimetrically analysing of indophenols then.
The absorption liquid of preparing the aqueous solution that contains 0.5% glycerine and 0.1M phosphoric acid equally as stated above also has effect same with the absorption liquid that contains the aqueous solution of 2.5% glycerine and 0.2M phosphoric acid.
(2) formaldehyde sampling thief in the air
The making of glass tube, polypropylene tows surface modification, tow filling, the dipping of absorption liquid, the sealing up for safekeeping of sampling thief, an operation such as sampling and wash-out is identical with above-mentioned " ammonia sampling thief in the air ", and only the absorption liquid prescription is filled a prescription different with eluent.Be described below:
1, absorption liquid: for containing the aqueous solution of 20% triethanolamine and 1.25% Sodium Metabisulfite.
Preparation: take by weighing 1.25g Sodium Metabisulfite (Na 2S 2O 5A.R.) be dissolved in small amount of deionized water, add the dissolving of 20g triethanolamine, add deionized water, shake up to 100mL.
2, eluent: eluent is for containing 0.25% triethanolamine and 0.13% Sodium Metabisulfite (Na 2S 2O 5A.R.) aqueous solution.
Preparation: take by weighing 2.5g triethanolamine and 1.3g Sodium Metabisulfite (Na 2S 2O 5A.R.) shake up to 1000mL with the deionized water dissolved dilution.Eluent behind the sampling wash-out is 5mL, uses colorimetrically analysing.
The absorption liquid of preparing the aqueous solution that contains 15% triethanolamine and 1.0% Sodium Metabisulfite equally as stated above also has effect same with the absorption liquid that contains the aqueous solution of 25% triethanolamine and 2.5% Sodium Metabisulfite.
(3) sulphuric dioxide sampling thief in the air
The making of glass tube, polypropylene tows surface modification, an operation such as the sealing up for safekeeping of the dipping of tow filling, absorption liquid, sampling thief, sampling and wash-out is identical with above-mentioned " ammonia sampling thief in the air ", and only absorption liquid prescription and eluent are filled a prescription differently, are described below:
1. absorption liquid: for containing the aqueous solution of 20% triethanolamine and 10% sodium carbonate.
Preparation: take by weighing 20g triethanolamine (A.R.), add 10g sodium carbonate (Na 2CO 3, A.R.) use deionized water dissolving, and be diluted to 100mL.
2. eluent:
Preparation: take by weighing the 2.04g Potassium Hydrogen Phthalate and be dissolved in 1,2-diaminocyclohexane tetraacetic acid disodium salt (CDTA-2Na A.R.) solution of 20mL 0.05mol/L, add 5.3mL formaldehyde (37%A.R.), be diluted with water to 1000mL.This solution can be preserved 6 months.
0.05mol/L the preparation of CDTA-2Na solution: take by weighing 1.82g 1,2-diaminocyclohexane tetraacetic acid disodium salt (CDTA-2Na A.R.) and be dissolved among the 6.5mL 1.5mol/L NaOH, be diluted with water to 100mL.
Behind the sampling wash-out, use colorimetrically analysing.
The absorption liquid of preparing the aqueous solution that contains 15% triethanolamine and 10% sodium carbonate equally as stated above also has effect same with the absorption liquid that contains the aqueous solution of 25% triethanolamine and 15% sodium carbonate.
(4) nitrogen dioxide sampling thief in the air
An operation such as the sealing up for safekeeping of the dipping of the making of glass tube, polypropylene tows surface modification, tow filling, absorption liquid, sampling thief, sampling and wash-out is identical with above-mentioned " ammonia sampling thief in the air ", it is different with the eluent prescription only to flood the absorption liquid prescription, is described below:
1, absorption liquid: for containing the acetone soln of 20% triethanolamine.
Preparation: take by weighing 20g triethanolamine (A.R.) and be dissolved in 100mL acetone (A.R.).
2, eluent: the colour developing liquid that is colourimetry.
Preparation: take by weighing 4.0g P-aminobenzene-sulfonamide, 10g tartrate and 100mg disodium EDTA and be dissolved in the 400mL hot water, be cooled to room temperature, add 90mgN-(1-amino) ethylenediamine-hydrochloride, be diluted with water to 500mL.Put the dark place and preserve, can stablize 3 months.As pale red appears, represent contaminated, the reprovision that should abandon.
Be eluted to 10mL eluent (liquid promptly develops the color) after the sampling, add a cover and place 40 minutes (every 10 minutes jogs once), colour developing finishes.Using the 1cm cuvette, is reference with water under wavelength 540-550nm, the working sample absorbance, with the sodium nitrite typical curve relatively, calculate NO 2 -Content.
The absorption liquid of preparing the acetone soln that contains 15% triethanolamine equally as stated above also has effect same with the absorption liquid that contains the acetone soln of 25% triethanolamine.

Claims (6)

1, a kind of solid phase adsorption air pollutants sampling thief, it is characterized in that: form by the synthetic fibre tows (2) that has absorption liquid in glass tube (1), the pipe, sillicon rubber blocking (3), wherein glass tube (1) two ends are with the sillicon rubber blocking (3) with Nei Sai and outer tube structure, and synthetic fibre tows (2) scribbles the synthetic fibre tows of skim vesicular active silica for the surface along the filling of glass tube length direction.
2, solid phase adsorption air pollutants sampling thief as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: said absorption liquid is for absorbing the absorption liquid of any one air pollutants in nitrogen dioxide, sulphuric dioxide, formaldehyde, the ammonia.
3, solid phase adsorption air pollutants sampling thief as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: said absorption liquid is for absorbing the acetone soln that contains the 15-25% triethanolamine of nitrogen dioxide, or for absorbing the aqueous solution that contains 15-25% triethanolamine and 10-15% sodium carbonate of sulphuric dioxide, or be the aqueous solution that contains 15-25% triethanolamine and 1.0-2.5% Sodium Metabisulfite that absorbs formaldehyde, or for absorbing the aqueous solution that contains 0.5-2.5% glycerine and 0.1-0.2M phosphoric acid of ammonia.
4, solid phase adsorption air pollutants sampling thief as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: its length of said synthetic fibre tows is 8-15cm, and this tow has 4000-5000 bar silk, and its total surface area is 0.40-0.64m 2, be that the tow area occupied is the 10.9-13.6% of glass tube area on the xsect of glass tube of 5mm at internal diameter, tow is arranged along the pipe range direction, forms microtubule between tow.
5, solid phase adsorption air pollutants sampling thief as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: said sillicon rubber blocking (3) is that the internal diameter of an end opening and an end closure is that 6mm, external diameter are that 8mm, length are the silicone tube of 15mm, and it is that 6mm, top diameter are that 4mm, length are the conical plug of 5mm that a base diameter is arranged in an end inboard of sealing.
6, a kind of method for making of solid phase adsorption air pollutants sampling thief, it is characterized in that: the sodium silicate solution of 1%-5% is under agitation dripped 1-5M acetic acid, and to transfer to pH be 6.0, generate silicon dioxide colloid, the synthetic fibre tows after bulk of stretching immersed in the dioxide/silica gel liquid solution that generates soaked 2 hours, take out, put into hydro-extractor, dry, the room temperature air dried overnight, put 80 ℃ of oven dry of baking oven 2 hours, cooling, with rinsed with deionized water three times, take out, put into hydro-extractor, dry, take out, put 80 ℃ of oven dry of baking oven 2 hours, obtain the modification tow of surface coated skim active silica after the cooling, then the tow of surface modification is evenly stretched and penetrate in the glass tube after bulk, intercepting tow length is 8-15cm, adds to absorb nitrogen dioxide in this glass tube, sulphuric dioxide, formaldehyde, the absorption liquid of any one air pollutants in the ammonia flooded 20 minutes, the glass tube that then this has been flooded absorption liquid is put into hydro-extractor and is dried, and puts sillicon rubber blocking at last at its two ends and makes solid phase adsorption air pollutants sampling thief.
CN 03134701 2003-09-29 2003-09-29 Solid phase adsorption air pollutant sampler and its producing method Expired - Fee Related CN1208610C (en)

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CN101241052B (en) * 2008-03-06 2010-06-02 广州大学 Car cockpit gaseous pollutant test sampling simulation chamber
CN101852692A (en) * 2010-04-30 2010-10-06 清华大学 Passive filling adsorption sampling device for air volatile contaminant concentration detection
CN101852691B (en) * 2010-04-30 2013-07-24 清华大学 Passive adsorbing and sampling device for detecting concentration of volatile contaminant in indoor air
CN102517692B (en) * 2011-12-02 2013-06-12 清华大学 PAN (Polyacrylonitrile)-based porous carbon nanofiber for removing NOx from air, and preparation method and application thereof
CN102590199A (en) * 2012-02-07 2012-07-18 长春美泰科技有限公司 Box for rapidly determining formaldehyde in indoor air, and passive absorption manufacturing method
EP2733475A1 (en) * 2012-11-14 2014-05-21 The European Union, represented by the European Commission Diffusive sampling device
CN104634619A (en) * 2013-11-12 2015-05-20 南京理工大学 Sampling tube for acquiring formaldehyde in air
CN106769243B (en) * 2016-12-19 2023-05-16 广电计量检测(成都)有限公司 Amine sampling tube, manufacturing method and using method thereof
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