CN1208508A - 连接装置,特别是用于tt网和tn网的插接装置 - Google Patents

连接装置,特别是用于tt网和tn网的插接装置 Download PDF

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CN1208508A
CN1208508A CN97191662A CN97191662A CN1208508A CN 1208508 A CN1208508 A CN 1208508A CN 97191662 A CN97191662 A CN 97191662A CN 97191662 A CN97191662 A CN 97191662A CN 1208508 A CN1208508 A CN 1208508A
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CN1082737C (zh
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莱因哈德·索莱德尔
莱因哈德·施密德
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R24/00—Two-part coupling devices, or either of their cooperating parts, characterised by their overall structure
    • H01R24/76—Two-part coupling devices, or either of their cooperating parts, characterised by their overall structure with sockets, clips or analogous contacts and secured to apparatus or structure, e.g. to a wall
    • H01R24/78—Two-part coupling devices, or either of their cooperating parts, characterised by their overall structure with sockets, clips or analogous contacts and secured to apparatus or structure, e.g. to a wall with additional earth or shield contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
    • H01R13/66—Structural association with built-in electrical component
    • H01R13/665—Structural association with built-in electrical component with built-in electronic circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H11/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for preventing the switching-on in case an undesired electric working condition might result
    • H02H11/006—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for preventing the switching-on in case an undesired electric working condition might result in case of too high or too low voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
    • H02J13/00006—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment
    • H02J13/00012—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using an auxiliary transmission line
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
    • H02J13/00032—Systems characterised by the controlled or operated power network elements or equipment, the power network elements or equipment not otherwise provided for
    • H02J13/00036—Systems characterised by the controlled or operated power network elements or equipment, the power network elements or equipment not otherwise provided for the elements or equipment being or involving switches, relays or circuit breakers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
    • H02J13/00032—Systems characterised by the controlled or operated power network elements or equipment, the power network elements or equipment not otherwise provided for
    • H02J13/00036—Systems characterised by the controlled or operated power network elements or equipment, the power network elements or equipment not otherwise provided for the elements or equipment being or involving switches, relays or circuit breakers
    • H02J13/0004—Systems characterised by the controlled or operated power network elements or equipment, the power network elements or equipment not otherwise provided for the elements or equipment being or involving switches, relays or circuit breakers involved in a protection system
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
    • H02J13/00032—Systems characterised by the controlled or operated power network elements or equipment, the power network elements or equipment not otherwise provided for
    • H02J13/0005—Systems characterised by the controlled or operated power network elements or equipment, the power network elements or equipment not otherwise provided for the elements or equipment being or involving power plugs or sockets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H2300/00—Orthogonal indexing scheme relating to electric switches, relays, selectors or emergency protective devices covered by H01H
    • H01H2300/03—Application domotique, e.g. for house automation, bus connected switches, sensors, loads or intelligent wiring
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
    • H01R13/66—Structural association with built-in electrical component
    • H01R13/70—Structural association with built-in electrical component with built-in switch
    • H01R13/713—Structural association with built-in electrical component with built-in switch the switch being a safety switch
    • H01R13/7135—Structural association with built-in electrical component with built-in switch the switch being a safety switch with ground fault protector
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R2103/00—Two poles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H1/00—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements
    • H02H1/0007—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements concerning the detecting means
    • H02H1/0015—Using arc detectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H11/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for preventing the switching-on in case an undesired electric working condition might result
    • H02H11/001—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for preventing the switching-on in case an undesired electric working condition might result in case of incorrect or interrupted earth connection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/26—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents
    • H02H3/32—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents involving comparison of the voltage or current values at corresponding points in different conductors of a single system, e.g. of currents in go and return conductors
    • H02H3/33—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents involving comparison of the voltage or current values at corresponding points in different conductors of a single system, e.g. of currents in go and return conductors using summation current transformers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/30—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for improving the carbon footprint of the management of residential or tertiary loads, i.e. smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the buildings sector, including also the last stages of power distribution and the control, monitoring or operating management systems at local level
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02B90/20—Smart grids as enabling technology in buildings sector
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S20/00—Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S20/00—Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
    • Y04S20/20—End-user application control systems

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Testing Of Short-Circuits, Discontinuities, Leakage, Or Incorrect Line Connections (AREA)
  • Small-Scale Networks (AREA)
  • Remote Monitoring And Control Of Power-Distribution Networks (AREA)
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Abstract

一种连接装置(1),特别是用于TT网和TN网的插接装置,其中一个加电的监控电子线路(2)根据信息数据或测量数据通过一个开关装置(5),将接在连接装置的供电侧(3)至耗电侧(4)的导线(8,9,10)接通或中断,其中供电侧(3)和/或耗电侧(4)的电位测量装置持续地或周期性地测量导线的电位,并且在低于或高于规定的极限值时使开关装置(5)动作,本发明的特征在于,所述监控电子线路(2)被设计成在一预定的时间间隔内,如果出现一定次数的若干短时中断或接通,则发出一个信号；由一故障电流检测量装置(12)检测用于接通的导线(8,9),该故障电流检测装置对开关装置(5)作用；其中信息数据和/或指令数据加在一个总线接口(7)上。

Description

连接装置，特别是用于TT  网和TN网的插接装置
本发明涉及一种连接装置，特别是用于TT网和TN网的插接装置，其中一个加电的监控电子线路根据信息数据或测量数据借助一个开关装置，将连接装置的供电侧至耗电侧的导线接通或将其断开，根据VDE0100的定义，TT网是指用于过电流、故障电流和故障电压保护装置的网络形式。TN网是具有最广泛应用的网络，它用于过电流和故障电流的保护装置。其中所有对象均经一个具有保护功能的专门导线，即PE导线连接。尽管有国际的和本国的关于电气装置的设计制造和检测的规定，在实践中人们仍不能防止有缺陷的装置出现事故或导致火灾，通过使用故障电流保护装置，特别是30毫安或10毫安的低额定故障电流保护装置，可以大多数情况中提供有效的保护。但是这种保护装置不仅在国际上而且在本国还没有就所有应用领域作出规定。
根据迄今为止的考虑，人们在建筑系统技术中对所安装的插座的打开和断路指令通过总线传输。这种开关指令人们可以根据测量结果和信息处理来制成(DE-U-312528)。其中的某些功能，例如限流功能可以设置在插座内，人们称之为智能插座。
另外一种方案是具有所谓儿童保险装置的插座，它具有机械锁定装置，只有插入合适的插头才能接触带电导线。
本发明的目的在于，继续依照智能插座的构思，开发一种通用的连接装置，该装置可以是一个插座，它考虑到了最经常发生和最危险的缺陷，并为后面连接的装置和人员提供保护。
本发明的目的是通过权利要求1所述的连接装置来实现的，其中在供电侧和/或耗电侧的电位测量装置持续地或周期性地测量导线的电位，并且在低于或高于规定的极限值时使开关装置动作，并且当开关装置已接通时，取消该接通。只有当接上一个耗电装置时，才根据测量值将电路接通或不接通。尤其要在(接地)安全引线上测量加在开关线路供电侧和耗电侧的电位，在此有故障或者断路的(接地)安全引线会被测出。可按以下方式确定那些不得低于的极限值以及不得高于的极限值，即检测导线是否正确连接、是否无损伤，以及检测(接地)安全引线是否处于接地电位。
在此，重要的是对监控电子线路进行如此设计，即使之在预定的时间间隔内，如果出现特定次数的若干短时取消接通，则发出一个信号。通过这种方式可识别出劣化的接触，即所谓的接触不良。
此外，用于接通的导线通过一个故障电流检测装置进行监测。在以下情况中，故障电流也作为更换导线的标准，特别是作为相线、L导线、(接地)安全引线和PE导线进行危险更换的标准。
信息数据和/或指令数据加在连接装置的一个总线接口上。
如权利要求2所述，电位测量装置的测量结果的极限值对于通路以及通路的保持应满足以下关系：0.01V＜(UN-UPE1)＜(UL-UN)×0.1或0.01V＜(UN-UPE1)＜50V
其中UL表示外部导线(以前称为相线)的电压，UN表示中性导线的电压，UPE1表示(接地)安全引线在触头间距的供电侧相对基准电位的电压。
劣化的接触或接触不良可通过如权利要求3所述的连接装置的设计方案识别出来，即所述监控电子线路的工作方式是，在一预定的较长时间间隔内，如果在一相对较短的持续时间中有预定次数的对应于接触不良的断路出现，则发出一个信号。权利要求4则提供了另一种方案，即所述监控电子线路的工作方式是，在10分钟的时间间隔内，如果在小于1秒的持续时间中有3次断路出现，则发出一个信号。
(接地)安全引线、PE导线最好通过权利要求5所述的连接装置检测，即关于断路的测量结果的极限值和/或涉及PE导线的触头间距的信号应满足以下关系：0.01V＜(UN-UPE2)＜(UL-UN)×0.1或0.01V＜(UN-UPE2)＜50V
其中UPE2表示(接地)安全引线在开关触点的耗电侧相对于基准电位的电压，也就是它在耗电侧的电位。这种方案可检测出导电不良的导线和特别危险的(接地)安全引线的断路。
根据权利要求6所述的一种进一步改进，所述连接装置的故障电流保护装置可通过过电压保护方式防止发生故障，即在外部导线或若干外部导线的电位以及中性导线的电位的电位测量装置中，至少在供电侧经一个与电压相关的电阻建立至(接地)安全引线的电位的连接，并且所述电阻的阻值随着电压的升高而减少。这种过电压保护装置同时以公知方式对电源和电子线路提供电压保护。权利要求6中所述的阻值随电压变化的过压保护电阻本身可串连一个前置电阻保护。
所述的连接装置可以用无螺纹的夹子、螺丝夹，或插接装置来工作。该连接装置可设置在一个位置固定的耗电装置内，以完成其功能。这样便可对固定连接的操作装置或一般的耗电装置以及连接电缆进行检测，以防止出现容易被忽视的和危险的损坏出现，其保护方式是，当装置识别出不正常的情况时，连接装置可不接通或取消接通。
现在借助附图简略示出的实施例对本发明进行说明。
图1所示为一个用于1+N系统中的智能化插座。
连接装置1具有一个由电网电压供电的监控电子线路2，该线路可通过一个开关装置5将供电侧3至耗电侧4的导线接通或取消接通，其中将开关触点断开即可取消接通。根据通过总线接口7的信息数据并根据监控电子线路2的测量数据来操纵开关触点6。所述测量数据是根据供电侧3的电位和/或耗电侧4的电位以及电流的大小，通过特定的方式得出的。
供电侧3的电位测量装置和/或耗电侧4的电位测量装置持续地或周期性地测量导线的电位，也就是在本实施例中既测量外部导线8(以前称为相线)的电压UL，又测量中性导线9的电压UN，在本实施例中测量均是在供电侧3进行的。此外还测量供电侧的(接地)安全引线、PE、10的电压UPE1，并测量耗电侧4的(接地)安全引线的电压UPE2。电位测量以测量电位差的方式进行，并不需要基准电位，例如采用测量技术中的隔离放大器进行测量。电位测量装置除了接线元件之外，基本上集成在监控电子线路2之内。该监控电子线路检测供电侧或耗电侧的电位UL,UN,UPE1和UPE2，测量其是否低于或高于规定的极限值。如果测量值处在允许范围内，则通过开关装置5来接通，如果测量值未处在允许范围内，有可能出现危险，则开关装置5将根据连接装置1的工作状态，或者不接通，或者取消接通。
只有当监控电子线路2在供电侧，即电网连接侧没有发现故障或缺陷的情况下，才会全相接通线路。如果存在故障或缺陷，则监控电子线路2将全相断开线路。
此外，所述的连接装置例如也可以设计成插座式结构，从而可用电流传感器11测量耗电装置所消耗的电流强度，并且经总线接口7输入到总线内，以便送到一个用户中继站内进行进一步的处理。所连接的耗电装置的工作状态也可相应地作为“开”或“关”输出。另一方面，连接装置的状态“开”或“关”本身也可输出，或作为指令被总线接受。这种连接装置可用于负载管理。
另外比较重要的是对监控电子线路2进行如此设计，即使之在一定的时间间隔内，如果出现特定次数的若干短时取消接通或接通，则发出一个信号。通过这种方式可识别出劣化的接触，如接触不良，并且结束这种不可靠的工作状态。用于通路的导线8和9受到故障电流检测装置12的监测。在这种受监测导线上，故障电流也作为更换导线的标准。在本实施例中，相线8和(接地)安全引线10由故障电流检测装置12来检测是否要掉换。此外还检测中性导线9和(接地)安全引线10。
一般而言，通过连接装置1可将信息数据送到总线接口7，并且指令数据可经总线接口输入一个总线或一个发出指令的用户中继站。
所述电位测量装置的测量结果的极限值特别应满足以下关系：0.01V＜(UN-UPE1)＜(UL-UN)×0.1或0.01V＜(UN-UPE1)＜50V
其中UL表示外部导线，即以前所称相线的电压，UN表示中性导线的电压，UPE1表示(接地)安全引线在供电侧相对基准电位的电压。
所述监控电子线路2的另一种设计方式是，在一定的较长时间间隔内，如果出现特定次数的若干短时断路，则发出一个信号。所述监控电子线路2特别可设计成在10分钟的时间间隔内，如果在小于1秒的持续时间中有3次断路出现，则发出一个信号。这样可更符合实际地识别出不可靠的接触和接触不良的情况。
关于用于PE导线10的触头间距的测量结果的极限值特别应满足以下关系：0.01V＜(UN-UPE2)＜(UL-UN)×0.1或0.01V＜(UN-UPE2)＜50V
其中UPE2表示(接地)安全引线在开关触点6的耗电侧的电压，也就是它在耗电侧的电位。
一种特别有利的方案是，在电位测量装置中，至少在供电侧3，外部导线8或若干外部导线的电位以及中性导线9的电位分别通过一个与电压相关的电阻13与(接地)安全引线10的电位连接，并且所述电阻的阻值随着电压的升高而减小。这样可保护故障电流测量装置12在出现过电压时不致错误触发。同样也以公知方式保护了电源部分和电子线路。一种有利的结构是，所述与电压相关的电阻13分别串连一个前置电阻14，以保护与电压相关的电阻13本身。
以上所述连接装置1也可在不同的场所和以不同实施方式实现。例如将该装置设置在一个固定的具有一接线插头的耗电装置内。这样可检测耗电装置的接口及其导线是否处于正常状态。

Claims (8)

1．一种连接装置(1)，特别是用于TT网和TN网的接插装置，其中一个加电的监控电子线路(2)根据信息数据或测量数据通过一个开关装置(5)，将接在连接装置的供电侧(3)至耗电侧(4)的导线(8,9,10)接通或取消接通，其特征在于，供电侧(3)和/或耗电侧(4)的电位测量装置持续地或周期性地测量导线的电位，并且在低于或高于规定的极限值时使开关装置(5)动作，其中所述监控电子线路(2)设计成在一预定的用于测量接触不良所需的适当时间间隔内，如果出现预定次数的若干短时中断或接通，则发出一个信号，并且通过一个故障电流检测装置(12)检测用于接通的导线(8,9)，该故障电流检测装置对开关装置(5)作用，其中信息数据和/或指令数据加在一个总数接口(7)上。
2．如权利要求1所述的连接装置，其特征在于，电位测量装置的测量结果的极限值对于接通以及保持接通应满足以下关系：0.01V＜(UN-UPE1)＜(UL-UN)×0.1或0.01V＜(UN-UPE1)＜50V，
其中UL表示外部导线的电压，UN表示中性导线的电压，UPE1表示(接地)安全引线在触头间距供电侧一端相对基准电位的电压。
3．如权利要求1或2所述的连接装置，其特征在于，所述监控电子线路(2)被设计成，在一预定的较长时间间隔内，如果在一相对较短的持续时间中有一定次数的断路出现，则发出一个信号。
4．如权利要求3所述的连接装置，其特征在于，所述监控电子线路(2)被设计成，在10分钟的时间间隔内，如果在小于1秒的持续时间中有3次断路出现，则发出一个信号。
5．如权利要求1至4中任一项所述的连接装置，其特征在于，关于断路的测量结果的极限值和/或关于用于PE导线(10)的触头间距的信号应满足以下关系：0.01V＜(UN-UPE2)＜(UL-UN)×0.1或0.01V＜(UN-UPE2)＜50V，
其中UPE2表示(接地)安全引线在开关触点(6)的耗电侧相对于基准电位的电压，也就是它在耗电侧的电位。
6．如权利要求1至5中任一项所述的连接装置，其特征在于，在电位测量装置中，至少在供电侧(3)分别通过一个与电压相关的电阻(13)建立从外部导线(8)或若干外部导线的电位以及中性导线(9)的电位至(接地)安全引线(10)的电位的连接，并且所述电阻的阻值随着电压的升高而减小。
7．如权利要求6所述的连接装置，其特征在于，所述与电压相关的电阻(13)分别串连一个前置电阻(14)。
8．如权利要求1至7中任一项所述的连接装置，其特征在于，该装置设置在一个位置固定的耗电装置内。
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