CN1208492C - Method integrated Preparation of extruding and impregnating composite material with parts forming and its device - Google Patents
Method integrated Preparation of extruding and impregnating composite material with parts forming and its device Download PDFInfo
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- CN1208492C CN1208492C CN 03139893 CN03139893A CN1208492C CN 1208492 C CN1208492 C CN 1208492C CN 03139893 CN03139893 CN 03139893 CN 03139893 A CN03139893 A CN 03139893A CN 1208492 C CN1208492 C CN 1208492C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a method and a device for the component forming integration by extruding and infiltrating composite material. The method comprises: powder is filled into a mould cavity, metal liquid is extruded to make the metal liquid infiltrated into the powder, and the temperature of the metal liquid is lower than the melting point of the powder; after the metal liquid infiltrated into the powder is cooled and solidified, a component which is made of composite material and has the same shape and size as the mould cavity is obtained. The device is formed by connecting a press machine, a mould, a dust feeder, a liquid feeder and a vacuum pumping device. The present invention has the advantages of few technological processes, small occupation area of the device, high productive efficiency and high utilization rate of raw material and is suitable for automatic mass production. The present invention can be used for producing heavy components and preparing dense polycomponent material and is convenient for producing components with complicated shapes. The composite material component prepared by the present invention has the advantages of high precision, small and uniform microstructure, and repetitiveness. The porosity content can reach the same degree as dense material, and the possible defects of the cast structure are reduced.
Description
(1) technical field
The present invention relates to the manufacturing technology field of Composite Preparation and mechanical component, specifically be meant a kind of infiltration by squeeze casting Composite Preparation and part forming integral method and equipment.
(2) background technology
At present, the manufacture method of alloy is that the various composition melting of metal that will constitute alloy material carry out the liquid state mixing, make hybrid metal liquid composition as far as possible evenly by stirring method, adopt the method that adds alterant to increase the quantity of crystallization nucleation, reach the purpose that makes grain refining.Because liquid metal is become solid-state on the whole by liquid state, must experience the process of forming core, crystallization, grain growth, and the position of forming core and quantity have very big randomness, microstructure is difficult to control, and the common defects of casting such as shrinkage porosite, shrinkage cavity, segregation, coarse-grain, the unequal tissue defects of grain-size are difficult to avoid.
The method of matrix material casting mainly contains method, melt infiltration casting, squeeze casting method and the rheocasting method that adds the ceramic powder particle stirring casting in the liquid metal.Thereby the method that adds the powder particle stirring casting in the liquid is to stir to make above the crucible opening by machinery to produce eddy current introducing powder particle in the molten metal, the weak point of this method is when powder particle size during less than 10 μ m, can't powder be entered in the metal liquid by stirring method, powder can't be evenly distributed in the body material in addition, and microstructure does not have repeatability.The melt infiltration processing method is in the cylindrical mould of compacting, the metal liquid infiltration is entered in the porous powder right cylinder prefabricated section, and then right cylinder is processed into part, there is the wettability problem of a molten metal and powder in this method, and efficient is lower.Squeeze casting method is to prepare composite mortar with mechanical mixing method earlier, pour the liquid composite mortar into overflow mould then, apply solidification forming under certain pressure condition with hydropress to slurry, the composite property of this method preparation makes moderate progress than stirring casting method, but powder still can't be evenly distributed in the body material.The rheocasting method is the melt that is in solid-liquid two-phase region to be applied intensive stir the low viscous semi solid slurry of formation, introduces powder particle simultaneously, utilizes the thixotropic behavior of semi-solid slurry to disperse wild phase, at certain pressure lower charging type solidification forming.The method of above-mentioned several Composite Preparation all can't make powder uniform distribution in body material, and powdered material proportion in matrix material is less, and microstructure does not have repeatability, thereby the stability of composite property and reliability can't be guaranteed.The shortcoming of casting preparation composite process: it is thin more to strengthen the body particle on the one hand, respective material higher more than mechanics performance, and thin more on the other hand particle agglomeration phenomenon is serious more, causes common casting to be difficult to obtain the optimal performance of material.
Powder metallurgy sintered composite material and preparation method thereof is made shape by powder compression or injection, carries out sintering in certain temperature then.By the diffusion of material atom, realize fixed between the particle, sintering time is long.1080 ℃ of sintering two hours, energy consumption was higher as the iron-based powder formation of parts, and green compact are unavoidable when sintering to produce distortion, causes influencing part precision.For manocrystalline powders, crystal grain is easy to grow up in sintering process, consequently is difficult to the character that keeps nanocrystalline.Because sintered powder material contains a large amount of holes, material is discontinuous, and follow-up machining property is poor.
The method that mechanical component are shaped mainly contains: machining process, metal powder metallurgy method, castmethod, forging method.
Machining process: to produce gear is example, and the gear shaping operation is various, and the wearing and tearing cutter produces a large amount of smear metals, and material use efficiency is low.Improve performance by thermal treatment, but still not wear-resisting, and yielding in the heat treatment process, influence parts size precision.(method of wide-scale adoption at present) adopts steel mostly, than great.The ceramic-metal composite machining property is very poor, at all can't car, mill, grind, dig.Show after the aluminium alloy machining to handle and generate Al
2O
3Film, ceramic layer are very thin, are difficult to guarantee the wear resistance of part.
The metal powder metallurgy method: the compressive load per unit area to green compact is very big, is subjected to the restriction of equipment tonnage, can't produce heavy parts.Residual a large amount of holes in the part, the sintering process part deformation, precision is influenced, requires powder distribution even, otherwise sintering warpage is very big.Mostly be iron greatly, by the high pressure densification, about general 600Mpa, die wear is serious, density about 7.0.Sintering temperature height, time are long, and the energy consumption height needs gas protection sintering furnace.After having pressed green compact are drawn off mould, packing green compact, carry the generation that waste product is all arranged in the stove process.
The part that castmethod is produced is generally not wear-resisting, has solidification shrinkage, and dimensional precision is not high.
Forging method can only be produced blank, necessary follow-up machining, and precision is lower, and the deformation of steel drag is big, and die wear is serious, and die life is low.
(3) summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention is exactly in order to solve above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art part, and a kind of infiltration by squeeze casting Composite Preparation and part forming integral method and equipment are provided.This method is when preparing matrix material by the method for metal liquid infiltration higher melt powder, the part of the precise shape size that is shaped in mold cavity.
A kind of infiltration by squeeze casting Composite Preparation of the present invention and part forming integral method, it is characterized in that, it comprises the steps and processing condition: powder is filled in the die cavity, and then extrusion metal liquid, metal liquid is infiltrated among the powder, the temperature of metal liquid is lower than the fusing point of powder, after the metal liquid cooled and solidified in infiltrating powder, promptly obtain to constitute by matrix material with die cavity shape, measure-alike part.
In order to realize the present invention better, the gas in the described die cavity is discharged by the slit between formpiston and the former in the infiltration by squeeze casting process, perhaps places vacuum chamber to carry out work die cavity; Can earlier molten metal be imported in the die cavity, and then powder is sent into die cavity, powder is present on the metal liquid, and in formpiston extrusion process, molten metal infiltrates among the powder from the contrary gravity direction in powder bottom.
A kind of infiltration by squeeze casting Composite Preparation of the present invention and part forming integration apparatus, it is characterized in that, it is interconnected by pressing machine, mould, powder conveyer, liquid feed device, vacuum extractor and forms, its interconnected relationship is, mould is installed on the worktable of pressing machine, liquid feed device is connected with the die cavity of mould by pipeline, and vacuum extractor also is connected with the die cavity of mould by pipeline, and powder conveyer is connected with the die cavity of mould.
In order to realize the present invention better, can have one or more die cavitys and one or more formpiston in the mold, in the single job cycle operation, produce a plurality of parts.
In the present invention, powder is meant the aggregate of size less than the 1mm discrete particle; Powder can be ceramic powder, metal-powder, non-metal powder etc.; Matrix material is meant the material that is compounded to form by two or more heterogeneous, special-shaped, different in nature material, comprises alloy; Body material can be single material of planting, and also can be compound substance; Powder can be single powder of planting, and also can be various powders, and the shape of powder can be particulate state, sheet, needle-like, fibrous, dendroid, irregularly shaped etc.; Silicon and silicon alloy belong to the category of metal.
The present invention compared with prior art has following advantage and beneficial effect:
1. the sintering metal part of the present invention's preparation is wear-resisting, the aluminum alloy ceramic part light specific gravity of preparation, and the sintering metal part material cost of preparation is low; The mould pressure is little, die life height; Powder is pine, and infiltration speed is very fast, and to the degree of uniformity requirement reduction of powder distribution, because powder keeps solid-state always, not with alloy liquid solidification shrinkage, the distortion when also not having sintering is final shaping, thereby the precision height.
2. the present invention and machining process ratio, technical process is few, occupation area of equipment is little, production efficiency is high, and less, chipless processing, the material use efficiency height; With metal powder metallurgy method ratio, the mould pressure is little, can produce heavy parts, perhaps arranges a plurality of die cavitys realization one-mold multiple-members on a former; With sintering method ratio, less energy consumption, energy-conservation; Being fit to automatization produces in enormous quantities.
3. the product microscopic structure of the present invention's preparation is tiny even, and microstructure characteristic has repeatability, does not have a large amount of residual porosity, and porosity content can reach the degree identical with dense material; Product solidifies under the stress condition, has reduced the defective that cast structure may occur.
4. the power that equipment of the present invention bears reduces, and recoverable deformation is little, helps precise form, is convenient to make the complicated shape part, can produce fine and close excessive component material.
(4) description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of present device.
(5) embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is done detailed description further.
Embodiment one
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of infiltration by squeeze casting Composite Preparation of the present invention and part forming integration apparatus are interconnected and are formed by pressing machine 1, mould 2, powder conveyer 3, liquid feed device 4, vacuum extractor 5, wherein, mould 2 is installed on bottom end rail 10 worktable of pressing machine 1, liquid feed device 4 is connected by the die cavity of pipeline with mould 2, vacuum extractor 5 also is connected with the die cavity of mould 2 by pipeline, and powder conveyer 3 is connected with the die cavity of mould 2.Wherein, pressing machine 1 is made up of upper cylinder half 6, top end rail 7, moved cross beam 8, following cylinder 9, bottom end rail 10, guide pillar 11 and operation control panel 12.Mould 2 by gear former 13, vacuumize control valve 14, the formpiston 15 that cogs, liquid input control valve 16, cooling duct 17, die heater 18, lower gear formpiston 19 and mould bases 20 form.Powder conveyer 3 is made up of powder feeding boots 21, powder heater 22, thermal insulation layer 23, powder delivery hose 24, feed bin 25 and support 26.Feeding boots 21 are attached to 13 mouthfuls of upper surfaces of gear former and reciprocatingly slide, and realize quantitatively supplying powder.Liquid feed device 4 is made up of melting of metal well heater 27, melting of metal heating chamber 28, valve 29 and 30, pipeline heater 31, thermal insulation layer 32, can store quantitative molten metal between the valve 29 and 30, realize the fixed supply of molten metal, liquid feed device 4 is connected with die cavity by metal liquid transmission pipeline 33.Vacuum extractor 5 is made up of vacuum pump 34, vacuum pipe 35, vacuum tank 36, vacuum meter 37, vacuum valve 38, joint 39, strainer 40, vacuum extractor 5 is connected with die cavity by pipeline 41, can after the dress powder, vacuumize, also can in die cavity, inject molten metal and vacuumize afterwards.
When present embodiment is used, the aluminium sesquioxide powder of median size 50 μ m and the aluminium sesquioxide powder of median size 10 μ m are pressed 6: 4 thorough mixing in mixing tank of quality, then the aluminium sesquioxide powder that mixes is preheated to 500 ℃ in process furnace, reinstall in the feed bin 25, powder falls into powder feeding boots 21 along powder delivery hose 24 in the effect of deadweight, wrapping in the outer well heater 22 of heat-resistant hose can be with the powder preheating insulation in the pipe, having a cylinder to promote powder feeding boots 21 slidably reciprocates on the face of gear former 13, when powder feeding boots 21 lower openings are on 13 upper sheds of gear former, powder in the boots drops under action of gravity in the die cavity that the inwall by lower gear formpiston 19 that has core bar and gear former 13 constitutes, and it is concordant with gear former 13 upper surfaces that powder is filled the space of expiring die cavity.After powder feeding boots 21 left 13 mouthfuls of gear formers, the powder in the 15 pairs of die cavitys of formpiston that cog was suppressed, and makes it the density that reaches certain.The formpiston 15 of cogging then is the rollback certain distance upwards, and cog formpiston 15 lower surfaces and gear former 13 inwalls and lower gear formpiston 19 upper surfaces form an enclosed space.Then open and vacuumize control valve 14 on the gear former, start vacuum pump 34, die cavity is vacuumized, make the vacuum tightness in the die cavity reach 0.1Pa.Then open liquid input control valve 16 on the gear former 13, by liquid feed device 4, the filtering ZL106 aluminium alloy of the quantitative refining of input infiltration liquid in die cavity.Because mould 2 also reaches 400 ℃ by 18 preheatings of the well heater on the mould 2, the ZL106 aluminum alloy melt in the input die cavity is heated to 760 ℃ at heating chamber 28, can not solidify immediately.The formpiston 15 that then cogs is descending, the ZL106 aluminum alloy melt in the extrusion die cavity, and making it to infiltrate enters in the following aluminium oxide powder ultimogeniture base.After the formpiston 15 that cogs reached the position of setting, when keeping certain pressure, logical water coolant made the aluminum alloy melt cooled and solidified of infiltrating in the aluminium sesquioxide powder in cooling duct 17.Final gear former 13 is drop-down, and the formpiston 15 of cogging is up deviates from gear former 13, and lower gear formpiston 19 draws off gear former 13 with gear part.
Gear by the present embodiment manufacturing, the aluminium sesquioxide ceramics powder is evenly distributed in each position of part, and the ZL106 aluminium alloy of body material and three-dimensional UNICOM is the metal matrix ceramic composites that is formed by aluminium alloy and Ceramic Composite, has good abrasion resistance, and proportion is less.All energy can both adopt this routine described infiltration by squeeze casting manufactured by the part of powder pressing, and when producing cermet material, being shaped to have the part of definite shape and size.The structure formation of infiltration by squeeze casting mould and the characteristics of conventional powder compaction device are similar, and forms such as unidirectional compacting, two-way compacting, unsteady compacting are also arranged.In the present embodiment, infiltrate among the ceramic powder (or other kind powder), obtain powdered material after molten metal solidifies and be uniformly distributed in the high-quality matrix material of high-performance among the matrix by metal (or alloy) liquid extruding; Accurate quantification by powder is supplied with, the accurate quantification of molten metal is supplied with and accurate equipment and mould, thereby realizes the precise form of part.
Embodiment two
The technological process of present embodiment and embodiment one is basic identical, and difference is that powdered material adopts the SiO 2 powder with median size 50 μ m to mix at 6: 4 by quality with the SiO 2 powder of median size 10 μ m; After powder feeding boots 21 leave 13 mouthfuls of gear formers, lower gear formpiston 19 descending segment distances, the formpiston 15 that cogs then is descending, makes cog formpiston 15 lower surfaces and gear former 13 inwalls and lower gear formpiston 19 upper surfaces form an enclosed space.
When the part shape complexity, in the time of can't making powder evenly be filled in the die cavity by powder feeding boots 21, then can adopt a powder delivery hose 24 to be connected on the mould 2 material input apertures, by swing die 2, drive powder delivery hose 24 vibration together, make powder enter the sealing die cavity, and evenly be filled in the sealing die cavity, and then the molten metal infiltration by squeeze casting is entered in the powder in the die cavity by the material input aperture on the mould.
Claims (5)
1. infiltration by squeeze casting Composite Preparation and part forming integral method, it is characterized in that, it comprises the steps and processing condition: powder is filled in the die cavity, and then extrusion metal liquid, metal liquid is infiltrated among the powder, the temperature of metal liquid is lower than the fusing point of powder, after the metal liquid cooled and solidified in infiltrating powder, promptly obtain to constitute by matrix material with die cavity shape, measure-alike part; Described powder is the aggregate of size less than the 1mm discrete particle, is aluminium sesquioxide powder, SiO 2 powder; Described metal is silicon and silicon alloy, aluminium alloy.
2. a kind of infiltration by squeeze casting Composite Preparation according to claim 1 and part forming integral method, it is characterized in that, gas in the described die cavity is discharged by the slit between formpiston and the former in the infiltration by squeeze casting process, perhaps places vacuum chamber to carry out work die cavity.
3. a kind of infiltration by squeeze casting Composite Preparation according to claim 1 and part forming integral method, it is characterized in that, be filled in the process of die cavity, pass through swing die at powder, duff pipe on the mould is vibrated with mould, thereby powder evenly is filled in the sealing die cavity.
4. application rights requires the infiltration by squeeze casting Composite Preparation and the part forming integration apparatus of 1 described a kind of infiltration by squeeze casting Composite Preparation and part forming integral method, it is characterized in that, it is interconnected by pressing machine, mould, powder conveyer, liquid feed device, vacuum extractor and forms, its interconnected relationship is, mould is installed on the worktable of pressing machine, liquid feed device is connected with the die cavity of mould by pipeline, vacuum extractor also is connected with the die cavity of mould by pipeline, and powder conveyer is connected with the die cavity of mould.
5. a kind of infiltration by squeeze casting Composite Preparation according to claim 4 and part forming integration apparatus is characterized in that, can have one or more die cavitys and one or more formpiston in the mold.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 03139893 CN1208492C (en) | 2003-07-18 | 2003-07-18 | Method integrated Preparation of extruding and impregnating composite material with parts forming and its device |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN 03139893 CN1208492C (en) | 2003-07-18 | 2003-07-18 | Method integrated Preparation of extruding and impregnating composite material with parts forming and its device |
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| CN1480553A CN1480553A (en) | 2004-03-10 |
| CN1208492C true CN1208492C (en) | 2005-06-29 |
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| CN 03139893 Expired - Fee Related CN1208492C (en) | 2003-07-18 | 2003-07-18 | Method integrated Preparation of extruding and impregnating composite material with parts forming and its device |
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Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN1305668C (en) * | 2005-07-21 | 2007-03-21 | 华南理工大学 | Material laminating and integrating method |
| CN102728813B (en) * | 2012-07-05 | 2014-10-15 | 西北工业大学 | Device and preparation method for continuously preparing magnesium-based composite material irregular-shape piece by vacuum pressure infiltration |
| CN109402440B (en) * | 2018-11-02 | 2020-11-17 | 中国兵器科学研究院宁波分院 | Net size forming method of high-thermal-conductivity aluminum-based composite material substrate |
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