CN1408494A - Composite material producing extruding-casting, permeating and sintering process and equipment - Google Patents
Composite material producing extruding-casting, permeating and sintering process and equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN1408494A CN1408494A CN 02138194 CN02138194A CN1408494A CN 1408494 A CN1408494 A CN 1408494A CN 02138194 CN02138194 CN 02138194 CN 02138194 A CN02138194 A CN 02138194A CN 1408494 A CN1408494 A CN 1408494A
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Abstract
The technological process of producing composite material includes mixing reinforcing hard phase material, self-lubricating material and self-smelting alloy powder as well as adhesive and flux in certain proportion in a material mixer; pressing into prefabricated block in required shape and setting into stove after natural drying for 24 hr; preheating extruding and casting mold, painting heat resisting paint and stoving; setting the prefabricated block into the mold, stoving and casting with the refined molten metal; and extruding in a extruder to penetrate the molten metal into the interval between reinforcing phase material to obtain the reinforced composite material product.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of surface and contain the metal-base composites and the double metallic composite material production technology of wild phase material, particularly a kind of extruding-casting, permeating sintering process is produced composite and equipment.
Background technology
China's " casting " magazine the 51st volume the 4th phase 205-208 page or leaf April in 2002, open in " present Research of Particle Reinforced Metal Matrix Cast Composites and prospect " article, reported pressure casting method and produced low-melting non-ferrous metal base particles reinforced composite material, adopt said method not produce dystectic ferrous metal base particles reinforced composite material as yet, more do not produce high-melting-point black double metallic composite material and contain double metallic composite material that hard strengthens mutually or the composite that contains self-lubricating material.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to provide a kind of: can produce dystectic ferrous metal base hard phase reinforced composite, can also produce high-melting-point black double metallic composite material and contain the double metallic composite material that hard strengthens mutually or the extruding-casting, permeating sintering process of the composite that contains self-lubricating material is produced composite and equipment.
The equipment scheme that solves its technical problem is: equipment has a base, is connected with dip mold on the base, and there is extruder head the dip mold top, is connected with top die on the extruder head.
Spray heat proof material on top die and dip mold and the position that molten metal contacts; Water-cooling system is set around mould.
Be connected with the multistation casting pan between base and dip mold, dip mold is made up of a plurality of work die cavities, above the work die cavity of dip mold extruder head and pulping chamber is arranged, and is connected with refractory material in the pulping chamber; The outside is equipped with magnetic stirrer.
Solving the process technology scheme that its technical problem adopts is: after 1, will strengthening hard phase material and self-lubricating material, self-fluxing powder and preparing not in scale, or can form alloying element and a certain proportion of carbon of carbide, by the chemical dose proportioning and add the low melting point metal material of corresponding content, put into batch mixer, mix, or in compound, add bonding agent, flux puts into batch mixer and mixes jointly; 2, tamp into thickness homogeneous or the thickness prefabricated section of form in gradient by required form and thickness, treat air-set after 24 hours, put into baking oven and dry through the 200-300 degree; 3, use mould after the preheating of 200-500 degree extrusion casint, be placed in the extruder, the thick heat-resisting paint of spraying 0.5-2mm is dried through the 200-300 degree then; 4, the enhancing prefabricated component that will dry is after the preheating of 300-700 degree, be placed on desired area in the mould, the mixture that contains wild phase or self-lubricating material that perhaps directly will prepare, maybe can form the mixture of the alloying element of carbide and carbon or self-fluxing alloy powder etc. and be painted in the extrusion die that sprayed heat-resisting paint on the desired area, after the drying, or with the modular ring of carbide alloy or other material or module after the preheating of 300-700 degree, put into dip mold, pour into the good molten metal of refining; Or the middle part in the dip mold die cavity adds the metal material dividing plate of a 1-3mm, pours into the metal liquid of two kinds of good different components of refining respectively on metal material dividing plate two limits; 5, starting extruder pressurizes to it, pressure is 100-180MPa and pressurize 2-6 minute, make liquid metal under pressure, penetrate in the gap of wild phase material, and cause reaction of high temperature synthetic chemistry and molten metal formation metallurgical binding, can obtain the composite finished product that contains the wild phase material or the double metallic composite material of desired properties or contain wild phase and the double metallic composite material finished product of self-lubricating material.
Described mixture is binding agent and the flux that contains hard phase reinforcing material and low melting point metal material adding 2-10%; Or self-lubricating material and contain the mixture of hard wild phase; Maybe can form the alloying element of carbide and the mixture or the self-fluxing alloy powder of carbon.
Described wild phase material is infusible compounds such as various carbide, nitride, oxide, boride and alloying element, the self-fluxing alloy powder that can form carbide, it is shaped as particle, fiber, whisker, for improving the wetability of reinforcing material and parent metal, can take chemical plating or chemical vapor deposition method surface-coated one deck clad metal Cu, Ni, TiN etc. with the wild phase material; Described self-lubricating material is various soft metals class, metallic compound class, inorganic matter class etc. in the required ratio preparation of operating mode back, and its volume fraction content is 1-70%; Described metal matrix material is ferrous metal, the intermetallic compound of any composition; Described low melting point metal material is aluminium, magnesium, carbon etc.; Described carbide alloy modular ring or module are carbide alloy or ceramic material and all kinds of Metal Substrate alloys such as various carbide, nitride, oxide.
Described bonding agent is an organic adhesive; Described flux is sodium tetraborate or sodium fluoborate etc.
The mould therefor material is a spheroidal graphite casting, the black foundry goods of wriggling, fiber reinforced ceramic composite.
Beneficial effect: owing to adopted such scheme, the present invention compared with prior art has following advantage: (1) has got rid of the influence of factors such as the lubricity that is compounded with material impact to wild phase material and metal, reactivity, density contrast, can produce single or various reinforced phase composite or contain the composite of self-lubricating material, its wild phase description of materials scope is wide; (2) since under pressure casting ooze sintering wild phase composite, thereby can produce the wild phase material and in steel, be evenly distributed containing ratio height, and thicker composite and the double metallic composite material of thickness; (3) production technology is simple, and flexibility is strong, and is applied widely, and cost is low; (4) particulate reinforced composite that adopts the extruding-casting, permeating sintering process to be produced, the interface of its wild phase and matrix alloy is pure, the oxide-film of no adsorbed gas, the compatibility of the two is good, in conjunction with firm; (5) goods of being produced have dense structure, grain size is little, any surface finish, high and the metal material utilization rate height of dimensional accuracy, can solve the element segregation difficult problem in the high alloy content material, and can obviously improve the quality, can produce composite roll collars, Roll Collar, sliding guide, wearing plate, bi-metal shaft bushing, excavator bucket teeth, the first-class high-abrasive material of crusher hammer.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structure chart of first embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is the structure chart of second embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is the structure chart of third embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 4 is the structure chart of fourth embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 5 is the structure chart of fifth embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 6 is the structure chart of sixth embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 7 is the structure chart of seventh embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 8 is the structure chart of eighth embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 9 is the structure chart of ninth embodiment of the invention.
Figure 10 is the structure chart of tenth embodiment of the invention.
Figure 11 is the structure chart of eleventh embodiment of the invention.
Figure 12 is the structure chart of twelveth embodiment of the invention.
Figure 13 is the structure chart of thriteenth embodiment of the invention.
Figure 14 is the structure chart of fourteenth embodiment of the invention.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1: among Fig. 1, equipment has a base 8, is connected with dip mold 7 on the base 8, and dip mold 7 is the dip mold 7 of banding pattern core, there is extruder head 1 dip mold 7 tops, be connected with top die 2 on the extruder head 1, top die 2 is hollow top die, is coated with heat-resisting paint 5 on top die 2 and the dip mold 7, be placed with wild phase prefabricated section 4 in dip mold 2 peripheries, casting molten steel 6 presses down top die 2 between the core of dip mold 7 and wild phase prefabricated section 4, can make composite.
At first select corresponding a kind of or several infusible compound particles according to the performance and the working condition requirement of product, or wild phase material such as its short fiber whisker, maybe can form alloying element and a certain proportion of carbon of carbide, its proportioning is by the chemical dose proportioning and add the low melting material (magnesium of corresponding content, aluminium etc.), after self-lubricating material needs the ratio preparation in operating mode, putting into batch mixer mixes, or in compound, add 4% bonding agent, 2% flux is put into batch mixer and is mixed jointly, then tamp into the thickness homogeneous by required form and thickness, or the thickness prefabricated section of form in gradient, treat that air-set is after 24 hours, put into baking oven through 200 degree dry for standby, use mould after 300 degree preheatings extrusion casint, be placed in extruder head and the extruding support, on the working position of top die and dip mold, spray the thick heat-resisting paint of one deck 0.5-2mm then, after treating the heat proof material drying, with the enhancing prefabricated component of having dried after 500 degree preheatings, be placed on the desired area in the mould, the mixture that contains wild phase or self-lubricating material that perhaps directly will prepare is painted on the interior desired area of the extrusion die that sprayed heat-resisting paint, after 200 degree oven dry, pour into the good molten metal of refining, starting extruder pressurizes to it, it is pressed to being 160Mpa, and pressurize 5 minutes, make liquid metal under pressure, penetrate in the gap of wild phase material, utilize the heat of high temperature of molten metal in strengthening prefabricated component, to produce huge heat flow density, make the wild phase material that certain fusing take place under the molten metal fusion, fusion, diffusion, and form metallurgical binding with molten metal, the strong carbide forming element that is contained in the preform material of initiation enhancing simultaneously and the alloyed powder of carbon and the reaction of low melting point combined material generation high temperature synthetic chemistry, can make the composite that contains certain thickness wild phase material on desired area, composite is the wild phase material, self-lubricating material; Perhaps two kinds of mixtures of material.
By the adjusting process parameter, but the polynary enhancing body of generation unit formula, and can control its content and distribution, by the extruding force that constantly applies, make it reach Fast Sintering and densified, and make its crystallization and freezing, take out foundry goods then, carry out machining, heat treatment, can obtain the composite finished product of desired properties.
Embodiment 2: among Fig. 2, be placed with wild phase prefabricated section 4 in dip mold 7 centres, casting molten steel 6 is made the composite that internal diameter has the wild phase material between the core of dip mold 7 and wild phase prefabricated section 4.Other and embodiment 1 omit together.
Embodiment 3: among Fig. 3, top die 9 is real core, and dip mold 10 is a die, places wild phase prefabricated section 4 in the outside of dip mold 10 inner chambers, casting molten steel 6 can make the composite that skin contains wild phase material or self-lubricating material or its mixture in wild phase prefabricated section 4.Other and embodiment 1 omit together.
Embodiment 4: among Fig. 4, top die 9 is real core, and dip mold 10 is a die, and wild phase prefabricated section 4 is placed in the bottom surface in dip mold 10, and casting molten steel 6 promptly can be made into the sheet material composite that mixture is contained on the plane in dip mold 10.Other and embodiment 1 omit together.
Embodiment 5: among Fig. 5, the dip mold 7 of equipment is the two metal patterns 14 of opening of band tongue, in dip mold 7, be placed to the wild phase piece 13 of Baltimore groove, the locking mould, casting molten steel 6 can make the reeded composite that contains wild phase material or self-lubricating material or its mixture of external belt in dip mold 7.Other and embodiment 1 omit together.
Embodiment 6: among Fig. 6, in the dip mold 7 of equipment, be connected with dividing plate 12, dividing plate 12 thickness are the metallic plate of 1-3mm, in the dip mold 7 of dividing plate 12 outsides, place wild phase material 4, two limits of the dividing plate 12 in dip mold 7 pour into the molten steel 6 and 11 of two kinds of materials respectively, its dividing plate 12 melts under the high temperature of liquid metal, and with two kinds of metal alloyings that poured into, can make the double metallic composite material that the wild phase material is contained in the outside.Other and embodiment 1 omit together.
Embodiment 7: among Fig. 7, in the dip mold 7 of equipment, be connected with dividing plate 12, wild phase material 4 is placed at dip mold 7 inner core positions in dividing plate 12 inside, two limits of the dividing plate in dip mold 7 pour into two kinds of different molten steel 6 and 11, can make the double metallic composite material that core contains the wild phase material.Other and embodiment 1 omit together.
Embodiment 8: among Fig. 8, the dip mold of equipment is the hollow dip mold of band low groove shape, be connected with plug 17 through preheating in the center of dip mold, place wild phase material 4 in the dip mold outer edge, other position casting molten steel 6 in dip mold, the plug 17 mutual fusions of high-temperature molten steel and process preheating reach metallurgical binding, can make the double metallic composite material that contains the wild phase material that has plug.Other and embodiment 1 omit together.
Embodiment 9: among Fig. 9, the dip mold of equipment is hollow dip mold, be connected with plug 17 in the center of dip mold, other position pours into molten steel 11 in dip mold, adopts liquid reaction original position synthesis technique to make and contains the metallic composite that hard strengthens particle mutually.Other and embodiment 1 omit together.
Embodiment 10: among Figure 10, top die 9 is real core, and dip mold 7 is female down, the local wild phase prefabricated section 4 of placing in the bottom surface dip mold 7 in, and the molten steel 10 of casting in dip mold 7 promptly can be made into the composite that hard wild phase material is contained in the part, plane.Other and embodiment 1 omit together.
Embodiment 11: among Figure 11, equipment has a base 8, be connected with multistation casting pan 24 on the base 8, on multistation casting pan 24, be connected with dip mold 7, in dip mold 7 die cavities dividing plate 12 is installed, extruder head 19 and pulping chamber 20 are arranged above dip mold 7, be connected with refractory material in the pulping chamber 20; The outside is equipped with magnetic stirrer 21, is connected with top die on the extruder head 19.After molten metal enters pulping chamber 20, pass through in the process of pulping chamber 20 at molten metal, be subjected to the cooling of pulping chamber 20, on the inwall of pulping chamber 20, at first form a large amount of crystal, and under the stirring action of magnetic stirrer 21 the free melt inside that enters, give birth to the formation of crystal in promoting, when molten metal arrives pulping chamber 20 outlets, its molten metal becomes the semi solid slurry that contains the subsphaeroidal particle of a certain proportion of non-dendrite, be injected into then to the outside of dip mold 7 die cavity dividing plates 12, inboard at dip mold 7 die cavity dividing plates 12 pours into another kind of molten metal, rotate multistation casting pan 24, make mold cavity be positioned at top die 7 belows, press down and to make high-quality semisolid double metallic composite material.Other and embodiment 1 omit together.
Embodiment 12: among Figure 12, in dip mold 7 die cavities of equipment dividing plate 12 is installed, two sides difference casting black metal alloy 16 and non-ferrous alloy 15 at dividing plate 12, press down top die 2, can make inside and contain non-ferrous metal or ferrous alloy or the outside double metallic composite material that contains non-ferrous metal or ferrous alloy.
Embodiment 13: among Figure 13, in the dip mold of equipment, place hard alloy collar members or module 25 through The pre-heat treatment, perhaps in dip mold 7, place ring or module through other material of The pre-heat treatment, casting metals liquid 6 in dip mold 7, high-temperature liquid metal 6 carries out mutual fusion with Hardmetal materials or other material, make it reach metallurgical binding, can make the double metallic composite material that contains imbedding hard alloy or other material, thereby replaced traditional sandbox imbedding process and saved material, other and embodiment 1 omit together.
Embodiment 14: among Figure 14; top die 9 is real core; dip mold 10 is following female; the self-fluxing alloy powder 26 that contains tungsten carbide (WC) particle or do not contain tungsten carbide (WC) particle is placed in the outside at dip mold 10 inner chambers; and add and be pressed into prefabricated section after a certain amount of aluminium (Al) powder or magnesium (Mg) powder mix; or be painted on the required position in the mould that sprayed heat-resisting paint, then according to the process implementing of embodiment 1.Make high-temperature liquid metal under pressure, penetrate in the gap of self-fluxing alloy, utilize the heat of high temperature of molten metal simultaneously, cause the aluminium or the magnesium thermal response of self-fluxing alloy powder agglomates inside, make the self-fluxing alloy powder agglomates reach the autoreaction sintered molten, can make the double metallic composite material that on desired area on the workpiece, contains the self-fluxing alloy coating material.After the demoulding, after surface of the work can being coated with last layer oxide or anti-decarburizing coating, placing it in and carry out the secondary inducting remolten in high frequency or the medium frequency induction heater again, can make the double metallic composite material of the self-fluxing alloy coating material that contains higher caliper, other and embodiment 1 omit together.
Claims (8)
1, a kind of special equipment that adopts the extruding-casting, permeating sintering process to produce composite, it is characterized in that: equipment has a base, is connected with dip mold on the base, and there is extruder head the dip mold top, is connected with top die on the extruder head.
2, special equipment according to claim 1 is characterized in that: spray heat proof material on top die and dip mold and the position that molten metal contacts; Water-cooling system is set around mould.
3, special equipment according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: between base and dip mold, be connected with the multistation casting pan, dip mold is made up of a plurality of work die cavities, above the work die cavity of dip mold extruder head and pulping chamber is arranged, and is connected with refractory material in the pulping chamber; The outside is equipped with magnetic stirrer.
4, a kind of extruding-casting, permeating sintering process of realizing is produced the production technology of composite and equipment, it is characterized in that: after 1, will strengthening hard phase material and self-lubricating material, self-fluxing powder and preparing not in scale, or can form alloying element and a certain proportion of carbon of carbide, by the chemical dose proportioning and add the low melting point metal material of corresponding content, put into batch mixer, mix, or in compound, add bonding agent, flux puts into batch mixer and mixes jointly; 2, tamp into thickness homogeneous or the thickness prefabricated section of form in gradient by required form and thickness, treat air-set after 24 hours, put into baking oven and dry through the 200-300 degree; 3, use mould after the preheating of 200-500 degree extrusion casint, be placed in the extruder, the thick heat-resisting paint of spraying 0.5-2mm is dried through the 200-300 degree then; 4, the enhancing prefabricated component that will dry is after the preheating of 300-700 degree, be placed on desired area in the mould, the mixture that contains wild phase or self-lubricating material that perhaps directly will prepare, maybe can form the mixture of the alloying element of carbide and carbon or self-fluxing alloy powder etc. and be painted in the extrusion die that sprayed heat-resisting paint on the desired area, after the drying, or with the modular ring of carbide alloy or other material or module after the preheating of 300-700 degree, put into dip mold, pour into the good molten metal of refining; Or the middle part in the dip mold die cavity adds the metal material dividing plate of a 1-3mm, pours into the metal liquid of two kinds of good different components of refining respectively on metal material dividing plate two limits; 5, starting extruder pressurizes to it, pressure is 100-180MPa and pressurize 2-6 minute, make liquid metal under pressure, penetrate in the gap of wild phase material, and cause reaction of high temperature synthetic chemistry and molten metal formation metallurgical binding, can obtain the composite finished product that contains the wild phase material or the double metallic composite material of desired properties or contain wild phase and the double metallic composite material finished product of white and moist sliding material.
5, extruding-casting, permeating sintering process according to claim 4 is produced composite, it is characterized in that: described mixture is binding agent and the flux that contains hard phase reinforcing material and low melting point metal material adding 2-10%; Or self-lubricating material and contain the mixture of hard wild phase; Maybe can form the alloying element of carbide and the mixture or the self-fluxing alloy powder of carbon.
6, extruding-casting, permeating sintering process according to claim 4 is produced composite, it is characterized in that: described wild phase material is infusible compounds such as various carbide, nitride, oxide, boride and alloying element, the self-fluxing alloy powder that can form carbide, it is shaped as particle, fiber, whisker, for improving the wetability of reinforcing material and parent metal, can take chemical plating or chemical vapor deposition method surface-coated one deck clad metal Cu, Ni, TiN etc. with the wild phase material; Described self-lubricating material is various soft metals class, metallic compound class, inorganic matter class etc. in the required ratio preparation of operating mode back, and its volume fraction content is 1-70%; Described metal matrix material is ferrous metal, the intermetallic compound of any composition; Described low melting point metal material is aluminium, magnesium, carbon etc.; Described carbide alloy modular ring or module are carbide alloy or ceramic material and all kinds of Metal Substrate alloys such as various carbide, nitride, oxide.
7, extruding-casting, permeating sintering process according to claim 4 is produced composite, and it is characterized in that: described bonding agent is an organic adhesive; Described flux is sodium tetraborate or sodium fluoborate etc.
8, extruding-casting, permeating sintering process according to claim 4 is produced composite, it is characterized in that: the mould therefor material is a spheroidal graphite casting, the black foundry goods of wriggling, fiber reinforced ceramic composite.
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CN111822676A (en) * | 2020-07-22 | 2020-10-27 | 东莞颠覆产品设计有限公司 | Product preparation process |
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CN114985707A (en) * | 2022-05-30 | 2022-09-02 | 长飞光纤光缆股份有限公司 | Preparation method of aluminum-clad metal-based diamond composite material |
CN114985707B (en) * | 2022-05-30 | 2024-01-23 | 长飞光纤光缆股份有限公司 | Preparation method of aluminum-clad Jin Shuji diamond composite material |
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