CN1208491C - Block metal composite and its prepartion method - Google Patents
Block metal composite and its prepartion method Download PDFInfo
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- CN1208491C CN1208491C CN 03139892 CN03139892A CN1208491C CN 1208491 C CN1208491 C CN 1208491C CN 03139892 CN03139892 CN 03139892 CN 03139892 A CN03139892 A CN 03139892A CN 1208491 C CN1208491 C CN 1208491C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to block metal composite material and a preparing method thereof. An infiltration tank filled with power material with a high melting point and metal material with a low melting point is put into a heating furnace, pumped to vacuum and preheated. When the temperature in the furnace is higher than the melting temperature of the metal material and is simultaneously lower than the melting temperature of the power material, the heat is preserved. When the metal material is melted into infiltration liquid, pressure is applied. Constant temperature and constant pressure are kept, and then, the material in the infiltration tank is cooled and solidified to obtain the block metal composite material. In the method of the present invention, the infiltration tank and the material in the infiltration tank do not need to be operated, molten metal does not to be poured in a vacuum environment, and no non-wetting problem exists between base material and powder. The present invention has the advantages of simple technological line, large infiltration area and high infiltration speed and is suitable for mass production modes. In the present invention, the ingredient proportion of power material in the composite material is high, the distribution is uniform, and the characteristics of the microstructure have repetitiveness. Metal composite material with a large size can be produced.
Description
(1) technical field
The present invention relates to matrix material and preparation method thereof technical field, specifically be meant a kind of bulk metal matrix material and preparation method thereof.
(2) background technology
At present, the manufacture method of alloy is that the various composition melting of metal that will constitute alloy material carry out the liquid state mixing, make hybrid metal liquid composition as far as possible evenly by stirring method, adopt the method that adds alterant to increase the quantity of crystallization nucleation, reach the purpose that makes grain refining.Because liquid metal is become solid-state on the whole by liquid state, must experience the process of forming core, crystallization, grain growth, and the position of forming core and quantity have very big randomness, microstructure is difficult to control, and the common defects of casting such as shrinkage porosite, shrinkage cavity, segregation, coarse-grain, the unequal tissue defects of grain-size are difficult to avoid.
The method of matrix material casting mainly contains method, melt infiltration casting, squeeze casting method and the rheocasting method that adds the ceramic powder particle stirring casting in the liquid metal.Thereby the method that adds the powder particle stirring casting in the liquid is to stir to make above the crucible opening by machinery to produce eddy current introducing powder particle in the molten metal, the weak point of this method is when powder particle size during less than 10 μ m, can't powder be entered in the metal liquid by stirring method, powder can't be evenly distributed in the body material in addition, and microstructure does not have repeatability.The melt infiltration processing method is in the cylindrical mould of compacting, and the metal liquid infiltration is entered in the porous powder right cylinder prefabricated section, and there is the wettability problem of a molten metal and powder in this method, and material produce efficient is lower.Squeeze casting method is to prepare composite mortar with mechanical mixing method earlier, pour the liquid composite mortar into overflow mould then, apply solidification forming under certain pressure condition with hydropress to slurry, the composite property of this method preparation makes moderate progress than stirring casting method, but powder still can't be evenly distributed in the body material.The rheocasting method is the melt that is in solid-liquid two-phase region to be applied intensive stir the low viscous semi solid slurry of formation, introduces powder particle simultaneously, utilizes the thixotropic behavior of semi-solid slurry to disperse wild phase, at certain pressure lower charging type solidification forming.The method of above-mentioned several Composite Preparation all can't make powder uniform distribution in body material, and powdered material proportion in matrix material is less, and microstructure does not have repeatability, thereby the stability of composite property and reliability can't be guaranteed.The shortcoming of castmethod: it is thin more on the one hand to strengthen the body particle, respective material higher more than mechanics performance, and thin more on the other hand particle agglomeration phenomenon is serious more, causes common casting to be difficult to obtain the optimal performance of material.
Powder metallurgy sintered composite material and preparation method thereof is made shape by powder compression or injection, carries out sintering in certain temperature then.By the diffusion of material atom, realize fixed between the particle, sintering time is long.1080 ℃ of sintering two hours, energy consumption was higher as the iron-based powder formation of parts, and green compact are unavoidable when sintering to produce distortion, causes influencing part precision.For manocrystalline powders, crystal grain is easy to grow up in sintering process, consequently is difficult to the character that keeps nanocrystalline.Because sintered powder material contains a large amount of holes, material is discontinuous, and follow-up machining property is poor.
(3) summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention is exactly in order to solve above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art part, and a kind of bulk metal matrix material and preparation method thereof is provided.This method can make powder be evenly distributed in the matrix material, and it is tiny evenly to prepare microstructure crystal grain, and microstructure characteristic has good repeatability, and has the metal composite of good follow-up machining property.
The preparation method of a kind of bulk metal matrix material of the present invention, it is characterized in that, it comprises the steps and processing condition: put into process furnace powdered material with higher melt and the infiltration groove with more low-melting metallic substance are housed, vacuumize and preheating, temperature in stove is higher than the temperature of fusion of metallic substance, when being lower than the temperature of fusion of powdered material simultaneously, be incubated, after metallic substance is fused into infiltration liquid, inflation pressurization in stove, keep constant temperature and pressure, the material cooled in the infiltration groove is solidified, promptly obtain the bulk metal matrix material.
A kind of bulk metal matrix material of the present invention forms by method for preparing.
In the present invention, powder is the aggregate of size less than the 1mm discrete particle; Matrix material is meant the material that is compounded to form by two or more heterogeneous, special-shaped, different in nature material, comprises alloy; Body material can be single material of planting, and also can be compound substance; Powder can be single powder of planting, and also can be various powders, and the shape of powder can be particulate state, sheet, needle-like, fibrous, dendroid, irregularly shaped etc.; Silicon and silicon alloy also belong to the category of metal.
The present invention compared with prior art has following advantage and beneficial effect:
1. the present invention need not the material in infiltration groove and the infiltration groove is operated in vacuum environment, need not to pour into molten metal under vacuum environment; Owing to be vacuum pressure infiltration, there is not nonwetting problem between body material and the powder.
2. operational path of the present invention is simple, and infiltration speed is fast, can alleviate the chemical reaction between infiltration liquid and the powder particle, because need not to carry out in mould, so technological process still is convenient to operation, is fit to mass production method; When adopting molten steel or silicon alloy liquid to be infiltration liquid, available heatproof stupalith is made the infiltration groove, produces ceramic steel.
3. in the present invention, the component proportions height of powdered material in matrix material is evenly distributed, and microstructure characteristic has repeatability; In mould, do not infiltrate owing to adopt the infiltration groove, therefore can produce large-sized metal composite; When precast billet is placed in the hanging basket, infiltration liquid can infiltrate precast billet from each face of base, and the infiltration area is big, thereby infiltration speed is fast.
(4) embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is done detailed description further.
Embodiment one
But the infiltration groove adopts the container slot of the carrying liquid that steel plate makes, and liquid is contained in groove and can not leaked outside, and is that the bottom that the SiO 2 powder of 100 μ m is layered on the infiltration groove reaches certain thickness with median size, and vibration shakes real SiO 2 powder, forms the powder bed; The brass ingot material that is used to melt infiltration (also can be copper powder) is placed on the powder bed; The infiltration groove that SiO 2 powder and brass ingot material are housed is put into process furnace (process furnace can airtightly vacuumize, also can airtight inside inflation, bear certain air pressure), vacuumize after the closed furnace door, reach the vacuum tightness of 10Pa; Well heater in the process furnace makes the fusing of brass ingot material in heat-processed; After the brass ingot material on the silicon dioxide powder bed in the infiltration groove all was fused into liquid, liquid covered on the powder bed, and temperature is set at 1150 ℃ in the stove, stops to vacuumize, and closes the pipeline valve that vacuumizes; In the heat tracing process, temperature maintenance is opened the pressurized gas control valve and is inflated in stove at 1150 ℃ in the stove, reaches the 1MPa air pressure of setting in the stove, and carries out pressurize, and the brass metal liquid infiltration on the silicon dioxide powder bed is entered among the silicon dioxide powder bed; In the heat tracing pressure maintaining period, the infiltration of brass metal liquid enters among the gap of silicon dioxide powder bed, and the brass liquid level in the infiltration groove reduces gradually; The time of heat-insulation pressure keeping infiltration is determined according to the needs of technology, after infiltration finishes, unloading the loss of sheet internal gas pressure takes out the infiltration groove from stove, the brass liquid that infiltrates the powder bed solidifies in process of cooling, and promptly obtaining with brass is three-dimensional communication matrix, SiO 2 powder are uniformly distributed in composite inner as wild phase ceramic-metal composite.
Embodiment two
At first on pressing machine, the aluminium sesquioxide ceramic powder is pressed into prefabricated compact; Then the prefabricated compact of aluminium sesquioxide is placed in the hanging basket that adopts high temperature steel or graphite making, hanging basket adopts cross bar that powdered compact is pushed down, and prevents that prefabricated powder block is immersed in emersion liquid level in the infiltration liquid; Then hanging basket is put into the infiltration groove that adopts high temperature steel to make, with the cushion block pad under hanging basket, so that infiltration liquid can enter prefabricated section from the infiltration of prefabricated section bottom, and with the fixing hanging basket of cross bar; To be used to melt the cast aluminium ZL106 alloy block material of infiltration, also can be that Al alloy powder places in the infiltration groove; The infiltration groove that fills aluminium sesquioxide powder prefabricated section and ZL106 piece material is put into process furnace, open vacuum control valve, starting vacuum pump vacuumizes in the stove, reach the vacuum tightness of 5Pa, and connect the power supply well heater to material heating in the stove, in the stove design temperature be 730 ℃ (after the airtight fire door of process furnace, can be to vacuumizing in the stove, also can in stove, inflate, bear certain air pressure); After the aluminium alloy ingot fusing in the infiltration groove, the prefabricated powder block base is surrounded by liquid, reaches 730 ℃ in the stove, and insulation stops to vacuumize, and closes the vacuum pipe valve; Open inflation valve then, in stove, inflate, carry out pressurize after reaching the air pressure 1.2MPa of setting, aluminum alloy melt infiltration around the precast billet is entered among the gap of base substrate; The time of heat-insulation pressure keeping infiltration determines that according to the needs of technology after infiltration finished, the groove that will infiltrate took out in stove, lifting rope is hung on the suspension hook, and hanging basket is hung out from the infiltration groove, and the infiltration liquid in the hanging basket can flow out and enter among the infiltration groove; The aluminum alloy melt that infiltration enters aluminium sesquioxide powder precast billet solidifies in process of cooling, and promptly obtaining with the aluminium alloy is that three-dimensional communication matrix, aluminium sesquioxide powder are the ceramic-metal composite that wild phase is uniformly distributed in composite inner.
Claims (2)
1. the preparation method of a bulk metal matrix material, it is characterized in that, it comprises the steps and processing condition: put into process furnace powdered material with higher melt and the infiltration groove with more low-melting metallic substance are housed, vacuumize and preheating, temperature in stove is higher than the temperature of fusion of metallic substance, when being lower than the temperature of fusion of powdered material simultaneously, be incubated, after metallic substance is fused into infiltration liquid, inflation pressurization in stove, keep constant temperature and pressure, the material cooled in the infiltration groove is solidified, promptly obtain the bulk metal matrix material; Described powdered material is the aggregate of size less than the 1mm discrete particle, is SiO 2 powder, aluminium sesquioxide ceramic powder; Described metallic substance is silicon and silicon alloy, steel, copper, aluminium alloy.
2. a bulk metal matrix material is characterized in that, it is prepared from by the described method of claim 1.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 03139892 CN1208491C (en) | 2003-07-18 | 2003-07-18 | Block metal composite and its prepartion method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN 03139892 CN1208491C (en) | 2003-07-18 | 2003-07-18 | Block metal composite and its prepartion method |
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| CN1480551A CN1480551A (en) | 2004-03-10 |
| CN1208491C true CN1208491C (en) | 2005-06-29 |
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| CN 03139892 Expired - Fee Related CN1208491C (en) | 2003-07-18 | 2003-07-18 | Block metal composite and its prepartion method |
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Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1305668C (en) * | 2005-07-21 | 2007-03-21 | 华南理工大学 | Material laminating and integrating method |
| CN107177750B (en) * | 2017-05-31 | 2018-09-11 | 泰安蔚蓝金属陶瓷材料有限公司 | A kind of Pressure Infiltration preparation method of metal-base composites |
| DE102017220985A1 (en) * | 2017-11-23 | 2019-05-23 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Method and arrangement for joining components |
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