CN120685204A - A method and device for temperature calibration of electric equipment based on infrared characteristics - Google Patents

A method and device for temperature calibration of electric equipment based on infrared characteristics

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Publication number
CN120685204A
CN120685204A CN202510837494.7A CN202510837494A CN120685204A CN 120685204 A CN120685204 A CN 120685204A CN 202510837494 A CN202510837494 A CN 202510837494A CN 120685204 A CN120685204 A CN 120685204A
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China
Prior art keywords
temperature
power equipment
calibration
fiber bundle
infrared
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Pending
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CN202510837494.7A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
胡若楠
杨瑶光
贺博
刘恭智
刘智捷
徐健鑫
赵浦屿
赵悦
吴亚南
李文炜
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Xian Jiaotong University
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Xian Jiaotong University
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Priority to CN202510837494.7A priority Critical patent/CN120685204A/en
Publication of CN120685204A publication Critical patent/CN120685204A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
    • G01J5/52—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry using comparison with reference sources, e.g. disappearing-filament pyrometer
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/18—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means
    • F24H9/1809—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means for water heaters
    • F24H9/1818—Arrangement or mounting of electric heating means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
    • G01J5/52—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry using comparison with reference sources, e.g. disappearing-filament pyrometer
    • G01J5/53—Reference sources, e.g. standard lamps; Black bodies
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K11/00—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00
    • G01K11/32—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using changes in transmittance, scattering or luminescence in optical fibres
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K13/00—Thermometers specially adapted for specific purposes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K15/00—Testing or calibrating of thermometers
    • G01K15/005—Calibration
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K7/00—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements
    • G01K7/02—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements using thermoelectric elements, e.g. thermocouples
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K7/00—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements
    • G01K7/16—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements using resistive elements
    • G01K7/18—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements using resistive elements the element being a linear resistance, e.g. platinum resistance thermometer
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D23/00—Control of temperature
    • G05D23/19—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means
    • G05D23/20—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means with sensing elements having variation of electric or magnetic properties with change of temperature

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Radiation Pyrometers (AREA)

Abstract

An infrared characteristic-based power equipment temperature calibration method and equipment; the calibration method comprises the steps of continuously measuring the temperature provided by a blackbody constant temperature source based on an infrared fiber bundle, completing preliminary calibration of an infrared fiber bundle gray-temperature calibration curve, or completing calibration experiments under specific absorption atmospheres by filling different gases into electric equipment, and completing temperature calibration experiments under different atmospheres, or selecting a plurality of surface materials in the electric equipment under multiple use scenes, carrying out electric equipment surface material calibration experiments and providing experimental equipment, wherein the equipment comprises an adjustable dip angle detection platform, the infrared fiber bundle and a baffle can realize angle position adjustment through the adjustable dip angle detection platform so as to adapt to different experimental requirements, and the infrared fiber bundle calibration method ensures that the infrared fiber bundle can accurately measure the temperature under different working conditions and provides powerful technical guarantee for safe and stable operation of an electric system.

Description

Power equipment temperature calibration method and equipment based on infrared characteristics
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of power equipment on-line monitoring, and particularly relates to a power equipment temperature calibration method and equipment based on infrared characteristics.
Background
The safe and stable operation of the power equipment is a core element for guaranteeing the reliability of the power system, and the reliability of power supply and the safety of the system are directly related. As power equipment continues to move toward higher capacity, higher voltage, and higher density, its internal operating environment becomes more complex and the distribution of temperature fields becomes more complex and variable. In the long-term operation process, the temperature inside the equipment is extremely easy to rise due to factors such as load fluctuation, poor contact, insulation aging and the like. The abnormal temperature not only can interfere the normal operation of equipment, but also can cause safety accidents, and serious damage is caused to personnel and equipment. Therefore, the power equipment is subjected to real-time and accurate temperature monitoring, potential faults are found in time, and the method is important for guaranteeing safe and stable operation of the power system.
Conventional temperature monitoring techniques have relied on conventional contact temperature sensors, such as thermocouples, thermistors, and the like. These sensors typically measure temperature by directly contacting the surface or interior of the device, however, contact temperature sensors have certain limitations in power device applications, and contact sensors have high requirements for installation location and contact quality, are susceptible to environmental factors, and result in inaccurate measurement results. There are also difficulties in the installation and maintenance of touch sensors in some high voltage or enclosed space electrical equipment. Meanwhile, due to the complexity of the temperature field of the power equipment, the traditional method can only monitor limited points or areas, and cannot comprehensively reflect the change condition of the whole temperature field in real time.
In recent years, the optical fiber temperature measurement technology gradually becomes a front solution for monitoring the temperature of power equipment by virtue of the characteristics of non-contact, electromagnetic interference resistance, real-time performance and high precision. However, the accuracy of infrared thermometry is affected by a variety of factors, including the calibration system, the infrared radiation characteristics of the surface material being measured, the surface roughness, the gas environment, the installation location of the fiber optic bundle, and the like. Therefore, how to calibrate the infrared radiation temperature measurement system efficiently and accurately so as to adapt to the complex working environment of the power equipment becomes an important difficulty in the technical development of the power industry. The calibration method of most of the infrared temperature measurement systems at present has the problems of low precision, poor environmental adaptability, complex calibration flow and the like. The existing calibration technology is often only aimed at a single gas environment or specific materials, cannot cover diversified power equipment operation conditions, and lacks an effective solution for temperature measurement requirements under different surface roughness, different materials and varied gas environments. The publication No. CN113447131A provides an improved blackbody calibration device, but does not integrate the functions of gas environment simulation and material emissivity calibration, and does not have a method and equipment capable of completing high-precision temperature calibration under various complex gas environments and different surface material conditions.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide the power equipment temperature calibration method and equipment based on the infrared characteristics, through blackbody constant temperature source calibration experiments, gas environment simulation and surface material characteristic researches, the optical fiber bundle can accurately measure the temperature under different working conditions, the defects that the existing calibration technology cannot cover diversified power equipment operation working conditions and an effective solution is lacking in temperature measurement requirements under different surface roughness, different materials and varied gas environments are overcome, the invention comprehensively considers influence factors, is more suitable for the actual operation working conditions, combines multiple influence factors, thereby deciding the most comprehensive calibration method, filling the blank of the power equipment temperature calibration method and equipment based on the infrared characteristics, and providing scientific and economic technology and data support for establishing related methods for industries.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
An infrared characteristic-based power equipment temperature calibration method comprises the following steps:
based on the infrared optical fiber bundles arranged on the power equipment, continuously measuring the temperature provided by the blackbody constant temperature source, setting a plurality of calibration temperatures, and completing calibration of an infrared optical fiber bundle temperature curve;
Or:
The calibration experiment under the specific absorption atmosphere is completed by filling different gases into the power equipment, the complex and various gas environments in the power equipment are simulated under the actual operation condition of the real power equipment, the temperature is changed by heating the oil tank in the power equipment, and the infrared optical fiber bundles are used for measuring the temperature, so that the temperature calibration experiment under the different atmospheres is completed;
Or:
and selecting the surface materials which are the same as the various surface materials selected in the power equipment on the experimental platform based on multiple use scenes of the power equipment, so as to perform a power equipment surface material calibration experiment.
The calibration of the infrared optical fiber bundle temperature curve comprises the following steps:
(1.1) fixing a blackbody constant temperature source and an infrared fiber bundle at a critical installation position, setting different temperatures for the blackbody constant temperature source in the experimental process, and ensuring that the blackbody constant temperature source can provide high-precision temperature points through a temperature adjustment strategy;
(1.2) measuring a blackbody constant temperature source by using an infrared fiber bundle to obtain the corresponding relation between the gray value of an image measured by the infrared fiber bundle and a blackbody temperature set value;
And (1.3) fitting the gray value of the image with the accurate temperature value of the blackbody constant temperature source to obtain a calibration curve, thereby completing calibration.
The temperature adjustment strategy involved in the step (1.1) specifically comprises the following steps:
(1.1.1) energizing a thermoelectric cooler in a blackbody constant temperature source to generate heat, the portion of heat being transferred to and absorbed by a radiant heat radiating assembly and stored therein, resulting in a gradual increase in temperature thereof, simulating an infrared radiation target;
(1.1.2) heat exchange is carried out between the heat exchanger inside the blackbody constant temperature source and the external environment by means of a fan so as to maintain the thermal stability of the whole blackbody constant temperature source;
(1.1.3) a high-precision platinum resistance temperature sensor embedded in the blackbody radiation plate is responsible for measuring the temperature of each part of the equipment and converting the temperature data into an electric signal, and the signal is then fed back to a temperature controller;
(1.1.4) comparing the real-time temperature fed back by the temperature controller with a set value, and adjusting the output deviation by using a PID control algorithm to generate a feedback control signal so as to adjust the driving circuit;
(1.1.5) when the temperature of the blackbody radiator is stabilized at a preset value, PID controls the temperature cycle to reach balance, and the blackbody constant temperature source enters a dynamic heat balance state to ensure that the blackbody radiator continuously and stably works at the required temperature;
Setting different temperatures for the blackbody constant temperature source in the step (1.1), specifically setting a plurality of calibration temperature points by stably heating the blackbody constant temperature source within the adjustable temperature range of the blackbody constant temperature source, keeping the temperature difference of adjacent calibration temperatures consistent, and ensuring the uniformity of heating gradients;
The step (1.2) specifically comprises:
(1.2.1) moving on the surface of the blackbody constant temperature source by using a heating source with a clear and regular boundary, observing a response signal of the infrared optical fiber bundle, and judging the current position as a critical installation position of the infrared optical fiber bundle if the intensity of the received signal of the infrared optical fiber bundle is reduced to below 90% of the maximum value of the central area;
(1.2.2) arranging a boss on the outer ring of the lens in the light emitting direction of the lens of the infrared optical fiber bundle, so as to ensure that the pressure exerted by the structure can not directly influence the reflecting surface of the lens, and the reflecting surface of the lens can keep the accurate shape and the surface quality;
and (1.2.3) recording the image gray values measured by the infrared optical fiber bundles by using an external controller and a PC computer, and accordingly obtaining the corresponding image gray values of the blackbody constant temperature source at different temperatures.
The calibration experiment under the specific absorption atmosphere is completed by filling different gases into the power equipment, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(2.1) freely adjusting the gas conditions in the power equipment, and setting the types and pressure parameters of the gas in the power equipment;
(2.2) uniformly heating the liquid in the oil tank in the power equipment through a plurality of heaters, and ensuring the uniformity of the temperature of the liquid in the oil tank by adopting a pump circulation and layered heating strategy;
(2.3) to evaluate the measurement accuracy of the infrared fiber bundle under this condition, a plurality of reference thermocouples are provided inside the power equipment, and the thermocouple values are compared with the measured values obtained by the infrared fiber bundle.
The adjusting of the internal gas conditions of the electrical equipment in the step (2.1) comprises the following steps:
(2.1.1) realizing free adjustment of gas conditions by a gas tank for storing different kinds of gases, a gas pump for delivering the gases from the gas tank to the inside of the electric power equipment, a gas inlet pipe connecting the gas pump and the electric power equipment to deliver the gases, and a gas outlet pipe for discharging the gases inside the electric power equipment;
(2.1.2) changing the gas types in the power equipment by replacing the gas tank to simulate different gas environments, and completely filling the power equipment with new types of gas when the gas types are replaced, so that the old gas is completely discharged, and the influence of gas mixing on experimental results is avoided;
(2.1.3) regulating the air pressure in the power equipment through the air charging and discharging operation, and providing a special air pump to assist in realizing a vacuum environment, wherein the tightness of the power equipment is required to be strictly checked before the experiment starts.
The step (2.2) of heating the oil tank inside the power equipment comprises the following steps:
(2.2.1) the tank liquid is conveyed to the electric equipment from one end of the pipeline through the pump and flows out from the other end, so that the circulation of the tank liquid is completed;
(2.2.2) arranging heaters at different depths of the oil tank, heating the liquid in the oil tank in a layered manner, and stabilizing the temperature of the oil tank by circularly heating the liquid in the oil tank in the temperature adjustment process.
Said step (2.3) comprises:
(2.3.1) ensuring that the placing positions of the plurality of reference couples can completely cover the radiation scanning area of the infrared optical fiber bundles in the power equipment when the plurality of reference couples are arranged so as to ensure the perfection and the authenticity of temperature measurement;
(2.3.2) when the temperature of the electric power equipment to be measured in the experimental process is stabilized at the heater indication temperature, carrying out subsequent data recording.
Based on the multiple use scene of power equipment, select the same surface material with the multiple surface material that power equipment inside selected on experimental platform, carry out power equipment surface material calibration experiment, include:
(3.1) building power equipment temperature calibration equipment based on infrared characteristics, wherein an oil tank 1 is arranged on one side of the upper surface of an adjustable dip angle detection platform 3, a sample mounting part 4 is arranged on the outer surface of the oil tank 1, a baffle 5 is arranged on the other side of the upper surface of the adjustable dip angle detection platform 3, an infrared optical fiber bundle 2 is arranged between the oil tank 1 and the baffle 5, and the infrared optical fiber bundles 2 and the baffle 5 can realize angle position adjustment through the adjustable dip angle detection platform 3 so as to adapt to different experimental requirements;
(3.2) selecting a sample mounting location 4 comprising aluminum, polytetrafluoroethylene, polymethyl methacrylate or steel as a calibration sample and mounting it to the outer surface of the tank;
(3.3) selecting the known classical roughness of the power equipment as a calibration sample, and carrying out a roughness experiment through a grouping experiment to obtain the relation between the roughness and the temperature and the response value of the infrared optical fiber bundle;
(3.4) alternately using calibration sample materials at the position of the baffle 5 to obtain response values of different materials to the infrared fiber bundles at the monitoring part;
(3.5) the angle between the sample plane and the axis of the infrared optical fiber bundle 2 is controlled by the adjustable inclination angle detection platform 3.
The step (3.3) roughness test comprises:
(3.3.1) grouping samples of the same material according to different surface roughness, and fixing the samples at a sample mounting position 4 on the outer surface of the oil tank 1;
(3.3.2) maintaining a uniform gradient interval of the sample surface temperature within a set temperature control range;
And (3.3.3) collecting radiation response values of all samples at steady-state temperature in real time through an infrared optical fiber bundle receiving end, and recording three-dimensional mapping relations between the radiation response values, roughness and temperature to obtain the law of change of the infrared optical fiber bundle response values with the temperature under different roughness.
The step (3.5) of the adjustable inclination angle detection platform comprises the following steps:
(3.5.1) controlling the included angle between the sample plane and the axis of the infrared optical fiber bundle to be in the range of 0-60 degrees for uniform gradient adjustment;
And (3.5.2) acquiring response value attenuation curves corresponding to different angles under the condition of fixed temperature, and defining an effective working angle interval according to the attenuation curves.
The utility model provides an electrical equipment temperature calibration equipment based on infrared characteristic, includes adjustable inclination testing platform 3, and adjustable inclination testing platform 3 upper surface one side is provided with oil tank 1, and oil tank 1 surface is provided with sample installation department 4, and adjustable inclination testing platform 3 upper surface opposite side sets up baffle 5, is provided with infrared optical fiber bundle 2 between oil tank 1 and the baffle 5, and wherein, infrared optical fiber bundle 2 and baffle 5 all accessible adjustable inclination testing platform 3 realize angular position adjustment to adapt to different experimental demands.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. In the step (1.1), a surface source blackbody is used as a blackbody constant temperature source, so that stable and adjustable calibration temperature points are provided pertinently, and a solution for calibrating infrared optical fiber bundles is provided effectively.
2. The step (1.2.1) of the invention determines the positions of the blackbody constant temperature source and the infrared fiber bundles, and ensures that the radiation range of the blackbody constant temperature source can completely cover the receiving area of the infrared fiber bundles, thereby ensuring that the infrared fiber bundles can receive uniform and stable radiation signals in the calibration process.
3. According to the invention, in the step (2.1), the gas types are changed by replacing the gas tank, different gas environments in the power equipment are simulated, and the air tightness of the power equipment is strictly checked, so that the stability of the gas pressure and the measurement accuracy in the experimental process are ensured.
4. In the step (2.2), the oil tank in the power equipment is heated by the heater, the liquid flow path of the oil tank is designed, the heater is arranged at different depths of the oil tank and circularly heated, and the temperature in the whole oil tank is ensured to be uniform.
5. In the step (3.2), various typical materials are selected as the calibration samples, and the physical and chemical characteristics of the calibration samples cover typical properties of conductors, insulating parts, shells and connecting pieces in the power equipment, so that the full coverage of various application scenes of the power equipment is realized.
6. In the step (3.4), an experimental platform with a baffle is built, a plurality of materials are alternately used at the position of the baffle, different medium environments in the power equipment are simulated, and data support is provided for the application of the infrared optical fiber bundles in a complex environment.
7. According to the invention, in the step (3.5), an adjustable inclination angle detection platform is built, an effective working angle interval is creatively defined according to response value attenuation curves corresponding to different angles, and a scientific basis is provided for selecting the installation position of the infrared optical fiber bundle in the power equipment.
In summary, compared with the prior art, the method based on the characteristics of the infrared fiber bundles makes up for the gap in the aspects of temperature calibration of the gas environment and surface materials in the power equipment for the first time, creates a brand new standard for analysis of the internal temperature field of the power equipment, and provides economic, convenient and comprehensive method support for constructing the infrared characteristic sample database of the power equipment.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a power equipment temperature calibration method and equipment flow based on infrared characteristics.
FIG. 2 is a calibration experiment platform under a specific absorption atmosphere.
FIG. 3 is a calibration experiment acquisition image under a specific absorption atmosphere.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a surface calibration experiment platform.
The figure is provided with the reference number of 1, an oil tank, 2, an infrared optical fiber bundle, 3, an adjustable dip angle detection platform, 4, a sample installation part and 5, a baffle.
Fig. 5 is an image acquired for a surface calibration experiment.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
The invention provides a power equipment temperature calibration method based on infrared characteristics as shown in fig. 1, and referring to fig. 1, the temperature provided by a blackbody constant temperature source is continuously measured based on an infrared optical fiber bundle arranged on the power equipment, a plurality of calibration temperatures are set, and calibration of an infrared optical fiber bundle temperature curve is completed;
The calibration of the infrared optical fiber bundle temperature curve comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of (1.1) fixing a blackbody constant temperature source and an infrared optical fiber bundle at a critical installation position, wherein different temperatures are set for the blackbody constant temperature source in an experiment process, specifically, a plurality of calibration temperature points are set in an adjustable temperature range of the blackbody constant temperature source by stably heating the blackbody constant temperature source, the temperature difference of adjacent calibration temperatures is kept consistent, the uniformity of a heating gradient is ensured, the blackbody constant temperature source can provide high-precision temperature points through a temperature adjustment strategy, and the related temperature adjustment strategy is as follows:
(1.1.1) energizing a thermoelectric cooler in a blackbody constant temperature source to generate heat, the portion of heat being transferred to and absorbed by a radiant heat radiating assembly and stored therein, resulting in a gradual increase in temperature thereof, simulating an infrared radiation target;
(1.1.2) heat exchange is carried out between the heat exchanger inside the blackbody constant temperature source and the external environment by means of a fan so as to maintain the thermal stability of the whole blackbody constant temperature source;
(1.1.3) the high-precision platinum resistance temperature sensor embedded in the blackbody radiation plate is responsible for accurately measuring the temperature of each part of the equipment and converting the temperature data into an electric signal, and the signal is then fed back to the temperature controller;
(1.1.4) comparing the real-time temperature fed back by the temperature controller with a set value, and adjusting the output deviation by using a PID control algorithm to generate a feedback control signal so as to adjust the driving circuit;
(1.1.5) when the temperature of the blackbody radiator is stabilized at a preset value, PID controls the temperature cycle to reach balance, and the blackbody constant temperature source enters a dynamic heat balance state to ensure that the blackbody radiator continuously and stably works at the required temperature;
(1.2) measuring a blackbody constant temperature source by using an infrared fiber bundle to obtain the corresponding relation between the gray value of an image measured by the infrared fiber bundle and a blackbody temperature set value;
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1.2.1) moving on the surface of the blackbody constant temperature source by using a heating source with a clear and regular boundary, observing a response signal of the infrared optical fiber bundle, and judging the current position as a critical installation position of the infrared optical fiber bundle if the intensity of the received signal of the infrared optical fiber bundle is reduced to below 90% of the maximum value of the central area;
(1.2.2) arranging a boss on the outer ring of the lens in the light emitting direction of the lens of the infrared optical fiber bundle, so as to ensure that the pressure exerted by the structure can not directly influence the reflecting surface of the lens, and the reflecting surface of the lens can keep the accurate shape and the surface quality;
and (1.2.3) recording the image gray values measured by the infrared optical fiber bundles by using an external controller and a PC computer, and accordingly obtaining the corresponding image gray values of the blackbody constant temperature source at different temperatures.
And (1.3) fitting the gray value of the image with the accurate temperature value of the blackbody constant temperature source to obtain a calibration curve, thereby completing calibration.
Example two
The invention provides a power equipment temperature calibration method based on infrared characteristics, referring to FIG. 1, calibration experiments under specific absorption atmosphere are completed by filling different gases into power equipment, the complex and various gas environments inside the power equipment are simulated under actual operation conditions of the real power equipment, the temperature is changed by heating an oil tank inside the power equipment, and infrared optical fiber bundles are used for measuring the temperature, so that temperature calibration experiments under different atmospheres are completed;
The calibration experiment under the specific absorption atmosphere is completed by filling different gases into the power equipment, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(2.1) freely adjusting the gas condition in the power equipment, setting the type and pressure parameters of the gas in the power equipment, and a real calibration experiment platform is shown in a figure 2, wherein the figure comprises a gas tank, an experiment prototype, a vacuum pump and a heater which are involved in a calibration experiment under a specific absorption atmosphere;
(2.1.1) realizing free adjustment of gas conditions by a gas tank for storing different kinds of gases, a gas pump for delivering the gases from the gas tank to the inside of the electric power equipment, a gas inlet pipe connecting the gas pump and the electric power equipment to deliver the gases, and a gas outlet pipe for discharging the gases inside the electric power equipment;
(2.1.2) changing the gas types in the power equipment by replacing the gas tank to simulate different gas environments, and completely filling the power equipment with new types of gas when the gas types are replaced, so that the old gas is completely discharged, and the influence of gas mixing on experimental results is avoided;
(2.1.3) accurately adjusting the air pressure in the power equipment through air charging and discharging operation, and providing a special air pump to assist in realizing a vacuum environment, wherein the tightness of the power equipment is required to be strictly checked before the experiment starts;
(2.2) uniformly heating the liquid in the oil tank in the power equipment through a plurality of heaters, and ensuring the uniformity of the temperature of the liquid in the oil tank by adopting a pump circulation and layered heating strategy;
(2.2.1) the tank liquid is conveyed to the electric equipment from one end of the pipeline through the pump and flows out from the other end, so that the circulation of the tank liquid is completed;
(2.2.2) arranging heaters at different depths of the oil tank, heating the liquid in the oil tank in a layered manner, and stabilizing the temperature of the oil tank by circularly heating the liquid in the oil tank in the temperature regulation process;
(2.3) in order to evaluate the measurement accuracy of the infrared optical fiber bundle under the condition, a plurality of reference thermocouples are arranged in the power equipment, the thermocouple values are compared with measured values obtained by the infrared optical fiber bundle, and fig. 3 is a calibration experiment acquisition image under a specific absorption atmosphere, wherein the acquisition image of infrared radiation in the power equipment is described in the drawing;
(2.3.1) ensuring that the placing positions of the plurality of reference couples can completely cover the radiation scanning area of the infrared optical fiber bundles in the power equipment when the plurality of reference couples are arranged so as to ensure the perfection and the authenticity of temperature measurement;
(2.3.2) when the temperature of the electric power equipment to be measured in the experimental process is stabilized at the heater indication temperature, carrying out subsequent data recording;
Example III
The invention provides a power equipment temperature calibration method based on infrared characteristics, referring to fig. 1, based on multiple use scenes of power equipment, surface materials which are the same as various surface materials selected in the power equipment are selected on an experimental platform to perform a power equipment surface material calibration experiment, referring to fig. 4, specifically:
(3.1) building power equipment temperature calibration equipment based on infrared characteristics, wherein an oil tank 1 is arranged on one side of the upper surface of an adjustable dip angle detection platform 3, a sample mounting part 4 is arranged on the outer surface of the oil tank 1, a baffle 5 is arranged on the other side of the upper surface of the adjustable dip angle detection platform 3, an infrared optical fiber bundle 2 is arranged between the oil tank 1 and the baffle 5, and the infrared optical fiber bundles 2 and the baffle 5 can realize angle position adjustment through the adjustable dip angle detection platform 3 so as to adapt to different experimental requirements;
(3.2) selecting typical materials such as aluminum, polytetrafluoroethylene, polymethyl methacrylate or steel as a calibration sample, and installing the calibration sample at a sample installation part 4 on the outer surface of the oil tank;
(3.3) selecting the known classical roughness of the power equipment as a calibration sample, performing a roughness experiment through a grouping experiment to obtain the relation between the roughness and the temperature and the response value of the infrared fiber bundles, and acquiring images of the surface calibration experiment, wherein the images of the surface infrared radiation acquisition of calibration materials with different roughness are described in the figure under a certain temperature;
(3.3.1) grouping samples of the same material according to different surface roughness, and fixing the samples at a sample mounting position 4 on the outer surface of the oil tank 1;
(3.3.2) maintaining a uniform gradient interval of the sample surface temperature within a set temperature control range;
(3.3.3) collecting radiation response values of all samples at steady-state temperature in real time through an infrared optical fiber bundle receiving end, and recording three-dimensional mapping relations between the radiation response values, roughness and temperature to obtain the law of change of the infrared optical fiber bundle response values with the temperature under different roughness;
(3.4) alternately using calibration sample materials at the position of the baffle 5 to obtain response values of different materials to the infrared fiber bundles at the monitoring part;
(3.5) the inclination angle detection platform 3 is used for controlling the adjustment of the included angle between the sample plane and the axis of the infrared optical fiber bundle 2;
(3.5.1) controlling the included angle between the sample plane and the axis of the infrared optical fiber bundle to be in the range of 0-60 degrees for uniform gradient adjustment in the experiment;
And (3.5.2) acquiring response value attenuation curves corresponding to different angles under the condition of fixed temperature, and defining an effective working angle interval according to the attenuation curves.

Claims (10)

1.一种基于红外特性的电力设备温度标定方法，其特征在于，包括：1. A method for temperature calibration of electric power equipment based on infrared characteristics, comprising: 基于设置在电力设备上的红外光纤束对黑体恒温源提供的温度进行连续测量，设定多个标定温度，完成红外光纤束温度曲线的标定；Based on the infrared fiber bundle installed on the power equipment, the temperature provided by the blackbody constant temperature source is continuously measured, multiple calibration temperatures are set, and the calibration of the infrared fiber bundle temperature curve is completed; 或者：or: 通过对电力设备内部填充不同气体来完成特定吸收气氛下的标定实验，模拟真实电力设备实际运行工况下内部复杂多样的气体环境，通过加热电力设备内部油箱来改变温度，并使用红外光纤束进行测温，进而完成不同气氛下的温度标定实验；By filling the power equipment with different gases to complete the calibration experiment under a specific absorption atmosphere, the complex and diverse gas environment inside the actual power equipment is simulated. By heating the internal oil tank of the power equipment to change the temperature, and using an infrared fiber bundle to measure the temperature, the temperature calibration experiment under different atmospheres is completed. 或者：or: 基于电力设备的多重使用场景，在实验平台上选定与电力设备内部选用的多种表面材料相同的表面材料，来进行电力设备表面材料标定实验。Based on the multiple usage scenarios of power equipment, surface materials that are the same as the various surface materials used inside the power equipment are selected on the experimental platform to conduct power equipment surface material calibration experiments. 2.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于红外特性的电力设备温度标定方法，其特征在于，所述红外光纤束温度曲线的标定，包括：2. The method for temperature calibration of electric power equipment based on infrared characteristics according to claim 1, wherein the calibration of the temperature curve of the infrared fiber bundle comprises: (1.1)将黑体恒温源与红外光纤束固定在临界安装位置，实验过程中对黑体恒温源设置不同的温度，通过温度调整策略来保证黑体恒温源可提供高精度的温度点；(1.1) Fix the blackbody constant temperature source and infrared fiber bundle at the critical installation position. Set different temperatures for the blackbody constant temperature source during the experiment. Use the temperature adjustment strategy to ensure that the blackbody constant temperature source can provide high-precision temperature points. (1.2)使用红外光纤束对黑体恒温源进行测量，得到红外光纤束测得的图像灰度值与黑体温度设定值的对应关系；(1.2) Using an infrared fiber bundle to measure a blackbody constant temperature source, obtain the corresponding relationship between the image grayscale value measured by the infrared fiber bundle and the blackbody temperature setting value; (1.3)将图像灰度值与黑体恒温源的精准温度值进行拟合，得到校准曲线，进而完成标定。(1.3) The image grayscale value is fitted with the precise temperature value of the blackbody constant temperature source to obtain the calibration curve, thereby completing the calibration. 3.根据权利要求2所述的一种基于红外特性的电力设备温度标定方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(1.1)中涉及的温度调整策略，具体是：3. The method for temperature calibration of electric power equipment based on infrared characteristics according to claim 2, wherein the temperature adjustment strategy involved in step (1.1) is: (1.1.1)黑体恒温源中的热电制冷器通电而产生热量，该部分热量传至辐射散热组件被其吸收并存储，导致其温度逐渐升高，模拟红外辐射目标；(1.1.1) When the thermoelectric cooler in the blackbody constant temperature source is energized, it generates heat. This heat is transferred to the radiant heat dissipation component, where it is absorbed and stored, causing its temperature to gradually increase, simulating an infrared radiation target. (1.1.2)黑体恒温源内部的热交换器借助风扇与外部环境进行热量交换，以保持整个黑体恒温源的热稳定性；(1.1.2) The heat exchanger inside the blackbody constant temperature source exchanges heat with the external environment with the help of a fan to maintain the thermal stability of the entire blackbody constant temperature source; (1.1.3)黑体辐射板内嵌的高精度铂电阻温度传感器负责测量设备各部位的温度，并转换温度数据为电信号，该信号随后被反馈到温度控制器；(1.1.3) The high-precision platinum resistance temperature sensor embedded in the blackbody radiator is responsible for measuring the temperature of various parts of the equipment and converting the temperature data into electrical signals, which are then fed back to the temperature controller; (1.1.4)温度控制器比较反馈回的实时温度与设定值，利用PID控制算法调整输出偏差，产生反馈控制信号，以调节驱动电路；(1.1.4) The temperature controller compares the real-time temperature feedback with the set value, uses the PID control algorithm to adjust the output deviation, and generates a feedback control signal to regulate the drive circuit; (1.1.5)当黑体辐射板的温度稳定在预设值时，PID控制温度循环达到平衡，黑体恒温源进入一个动态热平衡状态，确保黑体辐射板在所需温度下持续稳定工作。(1.1.5) When the temperature of the blackbody radiator stabilizes at the preset value, the PID-controlled temperature cycle reaches equilibrium, and the blackbody constant temperature source enters a dynamic thermal equilibrium state, ensuring that the blackbody radiator continues to operate stably at the required temperature. 4.根据权利要求2所述的一种基于红外特性的电力设备温度标定方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(1.1)中涉及的对黑体恒温源设置不同的温度，具体是：在黑体恒温源可调温度范围内通过对其进行稳定升温来设置多个定标温度点，保持相邻标定温度的温度差一致，保证升温梯度的均匀性。4. A temperature calibration method for power equipment based on infrared characteristics according to claim 2, characterized in that the setting of different temperatures for the blackbody constant temperature source involved in the step (1.1) is specifically: setting multiple calibration temperature points by stably heating the blackbody constant temperature source within the adjustable temperature range of the blackbody constant temperature source, keeping the temperature difference between adjacent calibration temperatures consistent, and ensuring the uniformity of the heating gradient. 5.根据权利要求2所述的一种基于红外特性的电力设备温度标定方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(1.2)具体包括：5. The method for temperature calibration of electric power equipment based on infrared characteristics according to claim 2, wherein the step (1.2) specifically comprises: (1.2.1)利用具有清晰规整边界的发热源在黑体恒温源表面进行移动，观察红外光纤束的响应信号，若红外光纤束接收信号强度下降至中心区域最大值的90％以下，则判定当前位置为红外光纤束的临界安装位置；(1.2.1) Use a heat source with clear, regular boundaries to move across the surface of a blackbody constant temperature source and observe the response signal of the infrared fiber bundle. If the intensity of the received signal from the infrared fiber bundle drops below 90% of the maximum value in the central region, the current position is determined to be the critical installation position for the infrared fiber bundle. (1.2.2)在红外光纤束的镜头发光方向的镜头外圈设置凸台，确保结构施加的压力不会对镜头的反射面产生直接影响，镜头的反射面得以保持其精确的形状和表面质量；(1.2.2) A boss is provided on the outer ring of the lens in the direction of the infrared fiber bundle’s light emission to ensure that the pressure exerted by the structure does not directly affect the reflective surface of the lens, and the reflective surface of the lens maintains its precise shape and surface quality; (1.2.3)使用外部控制器和PC计算机记录红外光纤束测得的图像灰度值，依此获取黑体恒温源不同温度下对应的图像灰度值。(1.2.3) Use an external controller and a PC to record the grayscale values of the image measured by the infrared fiber bundle, and then obtain the corresponding grayscale values of the image at different temperatures of the blackbody constant temperature source. 6.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于红外特性的电力设备温度标定方法，其特征在于，所述通过对电力设备内部充不同气体来完成特定吸收气氛下的标定实验，具体包括：6. The method for temperature calibration of power equipment based on infrared characteristics according to claim 1, wherein the calibration experiment under a specific absorption atmosphere is completed by filling the power equipment with different gases, specifically comprising: (2.1)对电力设备中的气体条件进行自由调节，设定电力设备内气体的种类和压强参数；(2.1) Freely adjust the gas conditions in the power equipment and set the type and pressure parameters of the gas in the power equipment; (2.2)通过多个加热器实现电力设备内部油箱液体的均匀加温，采用泵循环和分层加热策略，确保油箱液体温度的均匀性；(2.2) Multiple heaters are used to uniformly heat the liquid in the oil tank of the power equipment. Pump circulation and stratified heating strategies are used to ensure uniform temperature of the liquid in the oil tank. (2.3)为评估红外光纤束在此条件下的测量精度，在电力设备内部设置多个参考热电偶，将热电偶数值与红外光纤束得到的测量值进行比较。(2.3) To evaluate the measurement accuracy of the infrared fiber bundle under this condition, multiple reference thermocouples were set inside the power equipment and the thermocouple values were compared with the measurement values obtained by the infrared fiber bundle. 7.根据权利要求6所述的一种基于红外特性的电力设备温度标定方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(2.1)中电力设备内部气体条件的调节，包括：7. The method for temperature calibration of power equipment based on infrared characteristics according to claim 6, wherein the adjustment of the gas conditions inside the power equipment in step (2.1) comprises: (2.1.1)通过气罐、气泵、进气管道和出气管道组件来实现对气体条件的自由调节，其中气罐用于存储不同种类的气体，气泵用于将气体从气罐输送至电力设备内部，进气管道连接气泵和电力设备以输送气体，出气管道用于将电力设备内部的气体排出；(2.1.1) The gas conditions are freely adjusted through the gas tank, gas pump, inlet pipe, and outlet pipe assembly, wherein the gas tank is used to store different types of gas, the gas pump is used to transport the gas from the gas tank to the inside of the power equipment, the inlet pipe connects the gas pump and the power equipment to transport the gas, and the outlet pipe is used to discharge the gas from the power equipment; (2.1.2)通过更换气罐来改变电力设备内部的气体种类以模拟不同气体环境，在更换气体种类时必须使用新种类的气体彻底充满电力设备，确保旧气体被完全排出，避免气体混合影响实验结果；(2.1.2) The gas type inside the electrical equipment can be changed by replacing the gas tank to simulate different gas environments. When changing the gas type, the electrical equipment must be completely filled with the new gas to ensure that the old gas is completely discharged to avoid gas mixing that may affect the experimental results. (2.1.3)通过充放气操作调节电力设备内部的气压，配备专用气泵以辅助实现真空环境，实验开始前须对电力设备的密闭性进行严格检查。(2.1.3) The air pressure inside the electrical equipment is adjusted by charging and discharging air. A special air pump is equipped to assist in achieving a vacuum environment. The airtightness of the electrical equipment must be strictly checked before the experiment begins. 8.根据权利要求6所述的一种基于红外特性的电力设备温度标定方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(2.2)对电力设备内部油箱进行加热，包括：8. The method for temperature calibration of electric power equipment based on infrared characteristics according to claim 6, wherein the step (2.2) of heating the oil tank inside the electric power equipment comprises: (2.2.1)油箱液体通过泵从管道的一端被输送至电力设备，并从另一端流出，完成油箱液体的循环流通；(2.2.1) The tank liquid is pumped from one end of the pipeline to the power equipment and flows out from the other end, completing the circulation of the tank liquid; (2.2.2)在油箱不同深度处布置加热器，对油箱内的液体进行分层加温，在温度调节过程中，通过循环加热油箱内的液体来稳定油箱温度；(2.2.2) Heaters are placed at different depths in the fuel tank to heat the liquid in the tank in layers. During the temperature adjustment process, the temperature of the tank is stabilized by circulating the heated liquid in the tank; 所述步骤(2.3)，包括：The step (2.3) comprises: (2.3.1)多个参考电偶在布置时保证放置位置能够完全覆盖红外光纤束在电力设备中的辐射扫描区域，来保证测温的完善性和真实性；(2.3.1) Multiple reference thermocouples should be arranged so that they completely cover the radiation scanning area of the infrared fiber bundle in the power equipment to ensure the integrity and authenticity of the temperature measurement; (2.3.2)实验过程中待测得的电力设备温度稳定在加热器指示温度时，进行后续数据记录。(2.3.2) During the experiment, when the temperature of the electrical equipment to be measured stabilizes at the temperature indicated by the heater, subsequent data recording shall be carried out. 9.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于红外特性的电力设备温度标定方法，其特征在于，基于电力设备的多重使用场景，在实验平台上选定与电力设备内部选用的多种表面材料相同的表面材料，来进行电力设备表面材料标定实验，包括：9. The method for temperature calibration of power equipment based on infrared characteristics according to claim 1 is characterized in that, based on multiple usage scenarios of the power equipment, a surface material that is the same as multiple surface materials used inside the power equipment is selected on the experimental platform to conduct a surface material calibration experiment of the power equipment, comprising: (3.1)搭建一种基于红外特性的电力设备温度标定设备，在可调倾角检测平台(3)上表面一侧设置油箱(1)，油箱(1)外表面设置样本安装处(4)，可调倾角检测平台(3)上表面另一侧设置挡板(5)，油箱(1)和挡板(5)之间设置有红外光纤束(2)，其中红外光纤束(2)和挡板(5)均可通过可调倾角检测平台(3)实现角度位置调节，以适应不同实验需求；(3.1) A temperature calibration device for electric power equipment based on infrared characteristics is constructed, wherein an oil tank (1) is arranged on one side of the upper surface of an adjustable tilt detection platform (3), a sample installation portion (4) is arranged on the outer surface of the oil tank (1), a baffle (5) is arranged on the other side of the upper surface of the adjustable tilt detection platform (3), an infrared optical fiber bundle (2) is arranged between the oil tank (1) and the baffle (5), wherein both the infrared optical fiber bundle (2) and the baffle (5) can be adjusted in angle through the adjustable tilt detection platform (3) to meet different experimental requirements; (3.2)选定包括铝、聚四氟乙烯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯或钢典型材料作为标定样本，并将其安装于油箱外表面的样本安装处(4)；(3.2) Select typical materials including aluminum, polytetrafluoroethylene, polymethyl methacrylate or steel as calibration samples and install them on the sample installation area (4) on the outer surface of the fuel tank; (3.3)选定电力设备已知的经典粗糙度作为标定样本，通过分组实验进行粗糙度实验，得到粗糙度-温度-红外光纤束响应值的关系；(3.3) Selecting the known classical roughness of the power equipment as the calibration sample, the roughness experiment is carried out through group experiments to obtain the relationship between roughness, temperature and infrared fiber bundle response value; (3.4)在挡板(5)位置交替使用标定样本材料，得到不同材料对监测部位红外光纤束的响应值；(3.4) Alternately use calibration sample materials at the baffle (5) position to obtain the response values of different materials to the infrared fiber bundle at the monitoring location; (3.5)通过可调倾角检测平台(3)，用于控制样本平面与红外光纤束(2)的轴线夹角的调节；(3.5) controlling the angle between the sample plane and the axis of the infrared optical fiber bundle (2) through an adjustable tilt detection platform (3); 所述步骤(3.3)粗糙度实验，包括：The roughness test in step (3.3) includes: (3.3.1)将同种材质的样本按照不同的表面粗糙度进行分组，固定于油箱(1)外表面的样本安装处(4)；(3.3.1) Group samples of the same material according to different surface roughness and fix them to the sample mounting area (4) on the outer surface of the fuel tank (1); (3.3.2)在设定的温度控制范围内，保持样本表面温度的均匀梯度间隔；(3.3.2) Maintain a uniform gradient of sample surface temperature within the set temperature control range; (3.3.3)通过红外光纤束接收端实时采集各样本在稳态温度下的辐射响应值，记录其与粗糙度、温度的三维映射关系，得到不同粗糙度下红外光纤束响应值随温度变化的规律；(3.3.3) The infrared fiber bundle receiving end collects the radiation response value of each sample at steady-state temperature in real time, records its three-dimensional mapping relationship with roughness and temperature, and obtains the temperature-dependent variation pattern of the infrared fiber bundle response value at different roughness levels. 所述步骤(3.5)可调倾角检测平台，包括：The adjustable tilt detection platform in step (3.5) includes: (3.5.1)控制样本平面与红外光纤束轴线夹角在0°至60°范围内进行均匀梯度调节；(3.5.1) Control the angle between the sample plane and the infrared fiber bundle axis to uniformly adjust the gradient within the range of 0° to 60°; (3.5.2)在固定温度条件下采集不同角度对应的响应值衰减曲线，根据衰减曲线划定有效工作角度区间。(3.5.2) Under fixed temperature conditions, collect the response value attenuation curve corresponding to different angles, and define the effective working angle range based on the attenuation curve. 10.一种基于红外特性的电力设备温度标定设备，其特征在于，包括可调倾角检测平台(3)，可调倾角检测平台(3)上表面一侧设置有油箱(1)，油箱(1)外表面设置有样本安装处(4)，可调倾角检测平台(3)上表面另一侧设置挡板(5)，油箱(1)和挡板(5)之间设置有红外光纤束(2)，其中，红外光纤束(2)和挡板(5)均可通过可调倾角检测平台(3)实现角度位置调节，以适应不同实验需求。10. A temperature calibration device for power equipment based on infrared characteristics, characterized in that it comprises an adjustable tilt detection platform (3), an oil tank (1) is provided on one side of the upper surface of the adjustable tilt detection platform (3), a sample installation portion (4) is provided on the outer surface of the oil tank (1), a baffle (5) is provided on the other side of the upper surface of the adjustable tilt detection platform (3), an infrared optical fiber bundle (2) is provided between the oil tank (1) and the baffle (5), wherein the infrared optical fiber bundle (2) and the baffle (5) can both be adjusted in angle through the adjustable tilt detection platform (3) to meet different experimental requirements.
CN202510837494.7A 2025-06-23 2025-06-23 A method and device for temperature calibration of electric equipment based on infrared characteristics Pending CN120685204A (en)

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