CN1205164A - Breeding method of non-heading Chinese cabbage Ai-Kang No.5 and Ai-Kang No.6 - Google Patents
Breeding method of non-heading Chinese cabbage Ai-Kang No.5 and Ai-Kang No.6 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A method for selectively cultivating non-spherical cabbage Aikang No.5 and No.6 features use of the self-bred uncongenial line SW-13 as female parent and the self-bred line V-126 and X-180 as male parent. Obtained the new varieties of cabbage feature high yield (57.2 and 63.6 t/sq.hm), high disease resistance having disease indexes of 4.01 (HR) or 12.09 (HR) or 12.96 (HR) and 1.54 (HR) or 9.17 (HR) or 23.42 (HR) respectively for TuMV, daony mildew and melasma, high quality, low content of organic acids and high-temp resistance.
Description
The present invention relates to the selection of Chinese cabbage new varieties, specifically short anti-No. five and the short seed selection that resists No. six new varieties.
Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris ssp.chinensis Makion) occupies critical role in the year-round supply of the "shopping basket' project. for a long time, Chinese cabbage should be grown under the weather conditions that cool, summer culture exists easily meets high temperature, heavy rain and disease attack, yield poorly, problem such as of poor quality, perplexing about vegetables production and scientific research department always, and caused light situation of vegetable supply summer. " short assorted No. " that Cao Shouchun etc. breed, brought into play important function in the stifled summer in light, but this kind adopts the production of hybrid seeds of caryogram sterile dual-purpose, this method need be pulled out maternal educated strain, not only time-consuming, and hybrid rate can not guarantee.
The objective of the invention is to overcome above-mentioned shortcoming, select index of affinity at self incompatible line stable below 1.0, and with its hybridization generation, reduce cost, improve seed production and quality. select heat-resisting, disease-resistant, high-quality, two new combinations (short anti-No. five, No. six) that the comprehensive proterties of high yield is good.
Chinese cabbage provided by the present invention short anti-No. five and short anti-No. six selection comprise:
With SW-13 self incompatible line (short pin Huang) is female parent, be that male parent is carried out hybrid seeding with V-126 (short stalk in vain) and X-189 (the snow gram is blue or green) selfing respectively, wherein making up sw-13 * V-126 names and is that it is " short anti-No. six " that " short anti-No. five ", combination S W-13 * X-189 are named.The female parent of wherein selecting for use is preferably the self incompatible line sw-13 by 2～5 TuMV (turnip mosaic disease), downy mildew, the artificial infection of black spot disease resistance identify and identify naturally in 2～5 fields.What its first generation of hybrid was preferably identified by 2～3 TuhW, downy mildew, the artificial infection of black spot disease resistance and identify naturally in 2～5 fields.
The seed selection process of the yellow self incompatible line sw-13 of the short pin of the used female parent of the present invention:
Chose the yellow inbred line w-1～W-4 of the good short pin of proterties in (1) 1986 year for the examination material, will plant strain and be colonizated in the experimental field;
(2) 1987 year spring carried out not affine the selecting good strains in the field for seed of selfing and educates, and through florescence and the selfing of flower bud phase, wherein to show as selfing not affine in the W-15 strain, removes 3 strain death, and seed is received in 2 strains of surplusing; It is not affine that other W-2～W-4 three strains system all shows as selfing;
(3) 1988 year spring reserved seed for planting with it because w-1-2 flower bud phase pollination self is set seeds manyly, proceeded florescence, the selfing of flower bud phase, and mixed powder in being and measure its self-incompatibillity; Also hybridize on a small quantity simultaneously, measure its situation of setting seeds, result of the test shows, florescence, the selfing of flower bud phase also have certain difference on index of affinity between strain, in general, except that 87-SW-13-3 is higher than 1.0, all the other all less than or approach 1.0.Therefore can think that 87-SW-13 has been a self incompatible line, name to be sw-13.The economic characters of this self incompatible line are stable, are flat white stalk, grey greenery, the upright card waist of plant, and coordinate force is good, can expand numerous standby to it in 1989 for the preparation half-blood.
Parent material " short pin Huang " and " short stalk in vain " are local improved seeds, document sees reference: Cao Shouchun, Li Shijun. the horticulture classification of the Primary Study III. Chinese cabbage kind of Chinese cabbage landrace. Nanjing agricultural college journal, 1982, (2): 1-8. parent material " the snow gram is blue or green " is local improved seeds also, and document sees reference: Ceng Guoping, Cao Shouchun. Chinese cabbage main quality character inheritance effect analysis. and the gardening journal, 1997,24 (1): 43～47.All belong to public, the available kind material of those of ordinary skill.
Chinese cabbage can be subjected to the influence of composite factors such as the heavy rain, arid, disease based on high temperature under the natural high-temperature condition.Therefore, the good heat resistanceheat resistant kind that is suitable for producing popularization must possess the ability of anti-comprehensive adverse circumstance, promptly has stronger summer ability more.2 first generations of hybrid that the present invention utilizes self incompatible line to prepare are short to be resisted No. five and short resisting No. six, all be better than producing at present main heat resistanceheat resistant kind of planting " short assorted No. " from aspects such as yielding ability, disease resistance, warm tolerance, commodity, qualities, can large scale application on producing.
All has heat-resisting, disease-resistant outstanding feature short anti-No. five, short anti-No. six.Study carefully the reason of its heat resistanceheat resistant performance, be because their father and mother originally all belong to southern type kind, and have hybrid vigour again.Shorter assorted No. one (0.37mm) is thick for the blade of short anti-No. five (0.49mm), short anti-No. six (0.52mm), so heat resistance is strong.
Short anti-No. five is white stalk kind, suits can carry out summer, autumn culture production in the area plantation of the white stalk of happiness food.Short anti-No. six is blue or green stalk kind, can do summer vegetable, autumn vegetable and autumn and winter dish cultivation, suits in the area plantation of the green stalk of happiness food.
Comprehensive proterties is short preferably assorted No. one, short in the present invention breeds short anti-No. five and short anti-No. six new varieties and the prior art resists a contrast to compare, and has the following advantages:
1) yielding ability
The yield result of variety comparative test, regional test and the production test of short anti-five, No. six new varieties sees Table 1, table 2, table 3. as shown in Table 1, short anti-five, No. six in summer in 1991 in the variety comparative test, it is short assorted No. one that output all is significantly higher than contrast; Short anti-No. six output was significantly higher than contrast in 1992, but short anti-No. five and the no significant difference of contrast.Test from the autumn in 2 years, it is short anti-No. one that short anti-No. five output all is significantly higher than contrast, and all do not have significant difference short anti-No. six and short anti-No. one and short anti-No. five.
The regional test (table 2) in 1992～1993 years shows, no matter is summer, or the test in autumn.Short anti-No. six output all extremely significantly or be significantly higher than contrast; Short anti-then show in the different year Various Seasonal for No. five different, 1992 and summer in 1993 with contrast no significant difference, autumn in 1992, the utmost point was significantly higher than contrast, then was significantly higher than contrast in autumn in 1993.
Table 3 is the result show, summer in 1993 production test, short anti-five, No. six respectively comparison according to a short assorted average volume increase 16.2%, 21.3%; Production test in autumn in 1993, short anti-five, No. six respectively comparison according to a short anti-volume increase 9.3%～14.9%, 21.6%～30.7%.
2) disease resistance
1991～1994 year summer be to short anti-No. five, short anti-No. six virus disease, downy mildew, black spot, anthracnose, autumn virus, downy mildew, black spot carried out the field and identify that naturally .1992～1993 year have carried out resisting seedling stage the evaluation of 3 kinds of diseases under the indoors artificial inoculation condition.Carrying out the unified artificial infection disease resistance in the whole nation in 1994 identifies, TuMV, downy mildew are carried out at the Heilungkiang academy of agricultural sciences horticulture, black spot is carried out in Beijing City Agriculture and Forestry Institute plant protection environmental protection. and the unified artificial infection in the whole nation identifies that the disease index classification criteria is: 0.00, immunity (I); 0.01～11.11, high anti-(HR); 11.12～33.33, disease-resistant (R); 33.34～55.55, anti-disease (T); 55.56～77.77, susceptible (s); 77.78～100.00, high sense (Hs).
From field resistance qualification result (table 4) as seen, short anti-No. five, short anti-No. six all stronger to the resistance of virus, downy mildew, three kinds of diseases of blackspot, short anti-No. six also anti-anthracnose, the anthracnose generation of short anti-No. five and contrast is heavier.The unified artificial infection qualification result in the whole nation shows that short anti-No. five resistances to TuMV reach high anti-level, and the resistance of downy mildew and black spot is reached disease-resistant level; Short anti-No. six resistances to TuMV, downy mildew reach high anti-level, and the resistance of black spot is reached disease-resistant level.
3) warm tolerance
(about July 20) sowing when the most hot in summer in 1991～1994 years is investigated short anti-No. five, short anti-No. six growth potential and dead plant rate and recovery capability.The result shows that short anti-No. six growth potentials are strong, and dead plant rate only is 7.0%, and short anti-No. five dead plant rates are 16.0%, and contrast short assorted No. one dead plant rate up to 28.0%.The recovery capability of (34～36 ℃) is represented with heat injury index behind the chance high temperature, and heat resistance is short anti-No. six (11.25)＞short anti-No. five (21.25)＞short assorted No. one (42.50) successively.
Heat injury index=(∑ rank * this grade strain number/highest level * total strain number) * 100
Heat evil symptom is divided into that 0,1,2,3,4 grade of .0 level--plant strain growth is normal, does not have the heat evil to occur; 1 grade--the slight warp of plant young leaves leaf margin; 2 grades--the slight shrinkage of young leaves, leaf margin warp; 3 grades--the shrinkage of blade moderate, blade warp; 4 grades--the serious shrinkage warp of blade, blade is fine strip shape.
4) quality
4.1 can the exterior of commodity proterties of commodity Chinese cabbage be one of the key factor that apply.Short anti-No. six short, the leaf color jade green, tender of plant, the green white of petiole, suitable scale, exterior of commodity are good especially, are similar to short pin Huang; Short anti-No. five a little more than short anti-No. six, blade celadon, wide oval, petiole semicircle, white (table 5).
4.2 nutritional quality
The height of nutrition content has been that people judge the major criterion that new varieties are worth now. studies show that the content of nutrient component is significantly higher than petiole in the Chinese cabbage blade.And the heavy ratio of blade weight/petiole is the important indicator of quality quality.The nutritional quality measurement result is as shown in table 6, and short anti-five, No. six blade is heavy/and petiole anharmonic ratio value compares respectively according to 0.52 and improves 13.5% and 25.0%; Short anti-No. six comparisons of Vc content are according to improving 12.2%.Short anti-No. five Vc content are lower than contrast.Two new varieties of dry matter and organic acid content all are lower than contrast, and soluble solid that no matter to be blade or petiole all be higher than contrast is short anti-No. one.Short anti-No. five raw fiber is higher than contrast, and is lower than contrast short anti-No. six.From content of soluble protein, short anti-No. six the highest, contrast short anti-position the second, shortly resist No. five minimum (table 6).
Embodiment:
Chose the yellow inbred line W-1～W-4 of the good short pin of proterties in 1986 for the examination material, will plant strain and be colonizated in the experimental field; Spring in 1987 carried out not affine the selecting good strains in the field for seed of selfing and educates, and through florescence and the selfing of flower bud phase, wherein to show as selfing not affine in the W-15 strain, removes 3 strain death, and seed is received in 2 strains of surplusing; It is not affine that other W-2～W-4 three strains system all shows as selfing; Spring in 1988 reserved seed for planting with it because W-1-2 flower bud phase pollination self is set seeds manyly, proceeded florescence, the selfing of flower bud phase, and mixed powder in being and measure its self-incompatibillity; Also hybridize on a small quantity simultaneously, measure its situation of setting seeds, result of the test shows, florescence, the selfing of flower bud phase also have certain difference on index of affinity between strain, in general, except that 87-SW-13-3 is higher than 1.0, all the other all less than or approach 1.0.Therefore can think that 87-SW-13 has been a self incompatible line, name for SW-13. be to tie up to the production of hybrid seeds in the isolated area with this with male parent, the natural crossing rate can reach more than 98%. and the economic characters of self incompatible line are stable, be flat stalk certainly, the ash greenery, plant type is uprightly with a tight waist, coordinate force is good, 6 new combinations have successively been prepared with it, wherein 2 combinations are suitable for the summer, autumn culture, respectively at experimental field carrying out 2 years varietal yield tests in 1991～1992 years in the school, 1992～1993 years in the school experimental field, Nanjing Yuhuatai District vegetables seed farm, southern station township, Wuxi City suburb, Liyang City carries out in horse pad township 2 years regional tests, summer in 1993 is at Liyang City and Yuhuatai District, autumn in the same year is at Yuhuatai District, the Liyang, the production demonstration test is carried out in the Wuxi, simultaneously self incompatible line and the first generation of hybrid being carried out that 3 artificial infections are identified and 4 natural resistances are identified. it is " short anti-No. five " and " short resisting No. six " that new combination S W-13 * V-126 (short stalk in vain), SW-13 * X-189 (the snow gram is blue or green) name respectively.
The cultivation main points:
Short anti-No. five: do the cultivation of volt vegetable shoots, to the late August sowing, 22～25d gathers, output 19500kg/hm in 7 months
2Doing a soup dish (overflow or plant a dish) and autumn vegetable cultivates.On August-mid-September sowing, seedling age 22-25d, September first arrival field planting mid-October land for growing field crops.Spacing in the rows 18cm, line-spacing 20cm, the listing of extremely gathering by the end of November before and after October 1, output 52500kg/hm
2Rich water quality management is with general green vegetables.
Short anti-No. six: summer vegetable, Qiu Lai or autumn and winter dish cultivation should be done in the south of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. summer culture, 7 below the moon～the late August sowing, in 8 months to field planting mid-September, spacing in the rows 18cm, line-spacing 18cm is in 9 months～gather mid-October.Output 45000kg/hm
2Also can do the vegetable shoots cultivation. autumn vegetable and autumn and winter cultivation, on September～the early October sowing.On October～and the mid or late November field planting, spacing in the rows 18cm, line-spacing 20cm, mid or late Febuary in early November to next year gathers, output 52500～60000kg/hm
2Rich water quality management is with general green vegetables.
The comparative test of table 1 variety yield
| Kind | Summer | Autumn | ||
| ????1991 1) | ?1992 1) | ????1991 2) | ??1992 3) | |
| Short anti-No. five | ????5.72 a | ??1.55 b | ????11.63 a | ??13.03 a |
| Short anti-No. six | ????5.76 a | ??2.70 a | ????10.61 ab | ??11.91 ab |
| Short assorted No. one (CK) | ????5.50 b | ??1.55 b | ????- | ??- |
| Short anti-No. one (CK) | ????- | ??- | ????9.23 b | ??11.04 b |
Annotate: the 1) mean value that repeats for 4 times, sub-district area 1.4m
22) mean value that repeats for 4 times, sub-district area 1.6m
23) mean value that repeats for 4 times, sub-district area 2.3m
2The different significance level (α=0.05) that reaches of small letter The English alphabet differential.SSR
0.05,2=3.20, SSR
0.05,3=3.34, adopt Deng Kenshi SSR method, carry out test of significance.
Table 2 regional test output
| Kind | Summer 1) | ||||||
| ????1992 | ????1993 | ||||||
| Nanjing Yuhuatai District vegetables seed farm | Southern station township, Wuxi City suburb | Horse pad township, Liyang City | On average | Agricultural University Of Nanjing experimental field | Pu Hua Tai district, Nanjing vegetables seed farm | On average | |
| Short anti-No. five | ????8.05 | ???9.95 | ????14.10 | ??10.7 ab | ???16.10 | ????50.81 | ??33.46 a |
| Short anti-No. six | ????10.05 | ???11.95 | ????14.30 | ??12.1 a | ???21.71 | ????49.92 | ??35.82 a |
| Short mixing-number (CK) | ????9.35 | ???7.75 | ????11.30 | ??9.47 b | ???17.54 | ????46.90 | ??32.22 b |
| Kind | Autumn 2) | |||||||
| ????1992 | ????1993 | |||||||
| Nanjing Yuhuatai District vegetables seed farm | Southern station township, Wuxi City suburb | Horse pad township, Liyang City | On average | Nanjing Yuhuatai District vegetables seed farm | Southern station township, Wuxi City suburb | Horse pad township, Liyang City | On average | |
| Short anti-No. five | ????39.35 | ?30.40 | ??54.94 | ??41.56 A | ??11.21 | ??33.30 | ??10.75 | ??11.09 a AB |
| Short anti-No. six | ????38.4g | ?32.40 | ??55.78 | ?42.22 A | ??15.10 | ??15.90 | ??11.25 | ??14.08 a A |
| Short anti-No. one (CK) | ????35.70 | ?26.65 | ??38.16 | ??33.29 B | ??9.10 | ??8.60 | ??10.70 | ??9.47 b B |
Annotate: the 1) mean value that repeats for 4 times. sub-district area 4.4m
22) mean value that repeats for 4 times, sub-district area 4.8m
2
Table 3 production test output
*
| Kind | Summer (1993) | |||
| Horse pad township, Liyang City | Nanjing Yuhuatai District vegetables seed farm | |||
| Output (kg/hm 2) | Volume increase (%) | Output (kg/hm 2) | Volume increase (%) | |
| Short anti-No. five | ????29404.5 | ????22.7 | ????52405.5 | ??12.9 |
| Short anti-No. six | ????31206.0 | ????30.3 | ????54207.0 | ??16.8 |
| Short assorted No. one (CK) | ????23958.0 | ????0 | ????46428.0 | ??0 |
| Kind | Autumn (1993) | |||||
| Nanjing Yuhuatai District vegetables seed farm | Horse pad township, Liyang City | Southern station township, Wuxi City suburb | ||||
| Output (kg/hm 2) | Volume increase (%) | Output (kg/hm 2) | Volume increase (%) | Output (kg/hm 2) | Volume increase (%) | |
| Short anti-No. five | ??6.0156.0 | ??14.9 | ??51226.5 | ??9.3 | ??60145.5 | ??14.0 |
| Short anti-No. six | ??64780.5 | ??23.7 | ??56991.0 | ??21.6 | ??6900.5 | ??30.7 |
| Short anti-No. one (CK) | ??52348.5 | ??0 | ??46869.0 | ??0 | ??52780.5 | ??0 |
* the production test area is 333.5m
2
The disease resistance that table 4 is short anti-No. five, No. six
| Kind | Field resistance is identified | |||||||||||||
| Summer | Autumn | |||||||||||||
| Brassica 2 et 4 | Downy mildew | Black spot | Anthracnose | Brassica 2 et 4 | Downy mildew | Black spot | ||||||||
| ??％ 1) | ?DI 2) | ?％ | ?DI | ?％ | ?DI | ?％ | DI | ?％ | DI | ％ | DI | ％ | DI | |
| Short anti-No. five | 39.50 | ?20.60 | ?9.40 | ?6.60 | ?49.80 | ?12.50 | ?95.00 | 43.20 | 18.70 | 8.80 | 34.60 | 19.70 | 40.60 | 26.70 |
| Short anti-No. six | 41.40 | ?l3.90 | ?9.10 | ?5.30 | ?29.40 | ?7.40 | ?35.90 | 17.40 | 15.30 | 8.50 | 32.30 | 19.60 | 27.60 | 16.40 |
| Short assorted No. one (CK) | 40.30 | ?20.10 | ?53.60 | ?21.60 | ?36.70 | ?9.10 | ?95.80 | 37.60 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Short anti-No. one (CK) | - | ?- | ?- | ?- | ?- | ?- | ?- | ?- | 19.60 | 10.90 | 38.90 | 20.60 | 40.20 | 30.60 |
| The unified artificial infection in the whole nation is identified | ||||||
| Brassica 2 et 4 | Downy mildew | Black spot | ||||
| ????％ | ????DI | ????％ | ??DI | ????％ | ????DI | |
| Short anti-No. five | ??55.00 | ??4.01 | ????100.00 | ??12.09 | ????100.00 | ????12.96 |
| Short anti-No. six | ??25.00 | ??1.54 | ????100.00 | ??9.17 | ????100.00 | ????23.42 |
| No. 1, Beijing of two OX-heart (CK) (CK) | ??100.00 ???- | ??33.95 ???- | ????100.00 ????- | ??33.64 ??- | ????- ????100.00 | ????- ????56.44 |
Annotate: 1) incidence of disease 2) disease index
Table 5 staple appearance character (cm, 8) (1993)
| Kind | Plant type | Plant height | Dish head phase | The waist phase | Blade | Petiole | Individual plant is heavy | |||||||||
| Become the number of sheets | Leaf | Color | Length | Width | Shape | Color | Length | Go up wide | Wide down | Thickness | ||||||
| Short anti-No. five | Upright with a tight waist | 26.3 | ??8.5 | ?6.5 | ??l4 | Wide ovum garden shape | Grayish green | 24.5 | 19.2 | Semicircle | In vain | 10.3 | ?2.5 | ?3.7 | ?1.0 | ?298 |
| Short anti-No. six | Upright with a tight waist | 22.6 | ??7.1 | ?7.1 | ??16 | Oval | Emerald green | 22.6 | ??18.4 | Flat | Green white | 8.5 | ?2.2 | ?3.9 | ?1.1 | ?366 |
| Short anti-No. one (CK) | Upright with a tight waist | 28.1 | ??10.2 | ?8.0 | ??16 | Wealthy oval | Green | 27.4 | ?19.4 | Flat | In vain | 7.8 | ?6.2 | ?6.5 | ?1.1 | ?431 |
Annotate: data are 20 strain means in the table.
Table 6 nutrient composition content
| Kind | ?? Blade is heavyPetiole is heavy | Vitamin c mg100g -1 | Dry matter (%) | Soluble solid (%) | Organic acid (%) | Raw fiber/mgkg 1 | Soluble protein mgkg 1 | |
| Blade | Petiole | |||||||
| Short anti-No. five | ????0.59 | ????31.1 | ????5.1 | ????6.1 | ??2.7 | ??2.16 | ??44.6 | ??1.08 |
| Short anti-No. six | ????0.65 | ????36.9 | ????5.2 | ????6.3 | ??2.8 | ??2.01 | ??40.2 | ??1.38 |
| Short anti-No. one | ????0.52 | ????32.9 | ????5.3 | ????4.3 | ??1.9 | ??2.38 | ??40.8 | ??1.13 |
Annotate: the mean value of 3 repetitions.
Claims (3)
1. Chinese cabbage is short resists No. five and short anti-No. six selection, and comprising: with SW-13 self incompatible line (short pin Huang) is female parent.Be that male parent is carried out hybrid seeding with V-126 (short stalk) in vain and X-189 (the snow gram is blue or green) selfing respectively, making up wherein that sw-13 * V-126 names is " short anti-No. five ", and it is " short resisting No. six " that combination S W-13 * X-189 names.
2. Chinese cabbage according to claim 1 short anti-No. five and short anti-No. six selections, it is characterized in that, selected female parent for identify naturally by 2-5 TuMV (turnip mosaic disease), downy mildew, black spot disease resistance artificial infection evaluation and 2～5 fields self incompatible line sw-13.
3. Chinese cabbage according to claim 1 and 2 short anti-No. five and short anti-No. six selections is characterized in that its first generation of hybrid identifies by 2～3 TuMV, downy mildew, the artificial infections of black spot disease resistance and identify naturally in 2～5 fields.
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| CN98111430A CN1081889C (en) | 1998-07-28 | 1998-07-28 | Breeding method of non-heading Chinese cabbage Ai-Kang No.5 and Ai-Kang No.6 |
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| CN105359774A (en) * | 2015-10-13 | 2016-03-02 | 宁波市农业科学研究院 | Mosaic kohlrabi seed-keeping method |
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| CN1027338C (en) * | 1992-09-21 | 1995-01-11 | 山西省农业科学院蔬菜研究所 | Chinese cabbage crossing breeding method |
| CN1028831C (en) * | 1992-10-16 | 1995-06-14 | 山西省农业科学院蔬菜研究所 | Method for hybridization of new No.2 "Baotou" Chinese cabbage |
| CN1069018C (en) * | 1996-05-27 | 2001-08-01 | 河南省新乡市农业科学研究所 | Crossbreeding method for chinese cabbage |
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