CN1204378A - Fluid drilling system - Google Patents

Fluid drilling system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1204378A
CN1204378A CN96198876A CN96198876A CN1204378A CN 1204378 A CN1204378 A CN 1204378A CN 96198876 A CN96198876 A CN 96198876A CN 96198876 A CN96198876 A CN 96198876A CN 1204378 A CN1204378 A CN 1204378A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
nozzle
spout
fluid
borehole
hole
Prior art date
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Granted
Application number
CN96198876A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN1079879C (en
Inventor
罗伯特·特鲁伊曼
蒂莫西·格里高利·汉密尔顿·梅尔
马修·斯托克韦尔
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
State Scientific And Industrial Research Organization
University of Queensland UQ
BHP Coal Pty Ltd
Original Assignee
State Scientific And Industrial Research Organization
University of Queensland UQ
BHP Coal Pty Ltd
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Publication of CN1204378A publication Critical patent/CN1204378A/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00—Drill bits
    • E21B10/60—Drill bits characterised by conduits or nozzles for drilling fluids
    • E21B10/61—Drill bits characterised by conduits or nozzles for drilling fluids characterised by the nozzle structure
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
    • E21B17/20—Flexible or articulated drilling pipes, e.g. flexible or articulated rods, pipes or cables
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B4/00—Drives for drilling, used in the borehole
    • E21B4/18—Anchoring or feeding in the borehole
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B41/00—Equipment or details not covered by groups E21B15/00 - E21B40/00
    • E21B41/0078—Nozzles used in boreholes
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/29—Obtaining a slurry of minerals, e.g. by using nozzles
    • E21B43/292—Obtaining a slurry of minerals, e.g. by using nozzles using steerable or laterally extendable nozzles
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/04—Directional drilling
    • E21B7/06—Deflecting the direction of boreholes
    • E21B7/061—Deflecting the direction of boreholes the tool shaft advancing relative to a guide, e.g. a curved tube or a whipstock
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/04—Directional drilling
    • E21B7/06—Deflecting the direction of boreholes
    • E21B7/065—Deflecting the direction of boreholes using oriented fluid jets
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/18—Drilling by liquid or gas jets, with or without entrained pellets
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/5005—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells
    • G01N33/5091—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells for testing the pathological state of an organism
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/68—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids
    • G01N33/6863—Cytokines, i.e. immune system proteins modifying a biological response such as cell growth proliferation or differentiation, e.g. TNF, CNF, GM-CSF, lymphotoxin, MIF or their receptors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/68—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids
    • G01N33/6863—Cytokines, i.e. immune system proteins modifying a biological response such as cell growth proliferation or differentiation, e.g. TNF, CNF, GM-CSF, lymphotoxin, MIF or their receptors
    • G01N33/6869—Interleukin

Abstract

A self-advancing drilling system comprising a drilling apparatus, the drilling apparatus having at least one leading fluid cutting nozzle, means on the drilling apparatus to provide forward movement to the drilling apparatus, the drilling system further comprising a drill string formed from a recoverable flexible hose.

Description

Fluid drilling system
Invention field
The present invention relates to a fluid drilling system, relate in particular to a kind ofly from sending fluid drilling system to, it can be used in various mining processes, includes but not limited to pierce the coal seam, discharges methane gas.
Technical background
As everyone knows, fluid drilling system uses the solid of water under high pressure cutting such as soft rock, coal and similar thing.This water jet hole-drilling system has bigger purposes in mining industry, and can be used in the traditional machine cuts head of replacement.
On known water jet hole-drilling system, a cutter sweep is all arranged, send to by the power of conducting, or send to by the fluid pressure that is applied on the piston-type device in some cases along rigidity boring rope.This cutting instrument has one or more water jet cutting nozzles at the leader of instrument.
Usually, in order to cut circular hole, the rotation of rigidity boring rope is passed through circular path thereby make cutting of front penetrate spout.
Developed a kind of more effective device recently, wherein, have only the cutting spout to rotate, and the other parts of the drill bit mobile jib of guiding cutting head have been static by a swivel head that drives by the thrust of cutting spout.This instrument is by pushing away rigidity boring rope, cutting hole on solid with the rotating fluid cutting head.
Recently, developed a kind of water jet hole-drilling system, it is effective especially when boring length at 300m or the ore bed borehole more than the 300m, and it has a rigidity boring rope.The principal character of this boring nozzle is:
● the Woma FR47 high speed spinning water jet nozzle that can buy, be its main cutting element,
● a shell that does not have step, to prevent Woma FR47 stall (stopping the rotation)
● a bent sub element, be used to control the track of borehole,
● a revertant element, the current that are used to provide enough wash away relatively large smear metal in the hole,
● a nozzle covers sub-element, makes Woma FR47 nozzle and revertant element, and time son post-equalization part is connected with boring rope group.
In order to send this cutting instrument to, and provide cutting fluid to nozzle, use 3m long, the drilling rod that pressure reaches 1000bar is born in indoor design.These drilling rods are used as the conduit that needed water under high pressure is provided to bit nozzle.(this bar also is used as the conduit that needed water under high pressure is provided to bit nozzle).This bar also is used for being connected with drilling cramp and advances or send to nozzle in borehole.For the ease of taking out the detritus of cutting, use the nozzle (or replying jet) that washes away backward from borehole.Use high-pressure hydraulic pump in this work, maximum pressure can reach 650bar, and flow velocity is 160 liters of per minutes.
In this up-to-date device, drilling technique comprises the steps:
● drilling cramp is aimed at required borehole direction,
● Woma FR47 nozzle is connected on the high pressure drilling rod (does not have bent sub element and return mechanism constituent element during preceding 10 meters probings of borehole.Do like this be fluid spout on the revertant element unnecessary return spray),
● after 10 meters of the borehole perforatings, the boring rope retreats from the hole, and bent sub element and return mechanism constituent element be connected to the back of Woma FR47 nozzle,
● with spray nozzle device and bore lonely L restrict again patchhole bottom (BOH) and continue boring, spray nozzle device promotes the boring rope by bar and sends to.
The advantage of the approval of fluid drilling system is can on the corner hole or ultra-short radius boring.These methods generally include from vertical wall horizontal drilling radially outward.In order can to hole around the corner, known method is that to wrap each all be in the steel pipe of 45cm with boring lonely L rope, and is hinged to top surface.Length direction along rope connects a drive chain.Along with the steel section is downward along vertical wall, their base section separates, and can be centered around the driven wheel rotation of vertical wall bottom.The boring rope send down along vertical wall with the form of rigid body like this, and also can send into lateral aperture with the form of rigid body.
The water cutting nozzles drives by water under high pressure, and water under high pressure is carried by a high-pressure hose.High-pressure hose or extension in rigidity boring rope are perhaps extended along a side of boring rope.
A kind of method of ultra-short radius boring comprises a fluid borehole apparatus that is connected on the joint helical pipe.This fluid borehole apparatus and helical pipe are sent to by a whipstock instrument, and the whipstock instrument is by a ultra-short radius elbow (0.3m radius) crooked pipeline.By making the pipeline elastic deformation, pipeline yawing moment along continuous straight runs leaves vertical wall through a series of guiders and roller.Helical pipe is used for to fluid borehole apparatus supply high pressure cutting fluid.Piston apparatus by means of a complexity is pressed into the rock stratum that will hole with the fluid borehole apparatus, and this piston apparatus uses the high pressure of cutting fluid.
The difficulty of water diced system is when instrument is sent to by rigidity boring rope, to guarantee that spray nozzle device can remain on needed aspect.Concerning conventional system, when the cutting instrument was sent to, it had a declining tendency with respect to aspect as everyone knows.
Although do not want to accept opinion restriction, the boring rope by rigidization of descending seemingly causes, perhaps in other words, when spray nozzle device is sent to, is mainly caused by the boring rope.
For these devices are turned to, use a bent sub element, rotation rigidity boring rope provides a steering volume for system like this to rotate the direction of bent sub element.
Known that the boring rope is formed by helical pipe.Helical pipe makes boring rope that to a certain degree bendability be arranged.Yet helical pipe only allows bending to a certain degree, knows, if make helical pipe around whipstock, pipeline surpasses its elastic limit, this means that it is difficult to reply.Pipeline can excise with electrochemical method or some additive methods, thus the effect of the flexible flexible pipe that do not recur.
International Patent Application WO 95/09963 has been described a hole-drilling system.In this system, the first boring rope is admitted to borehole, and by knee bend its level is turned to.The first boring rope has a spherical cutter of machinery, and this boring rope is removed subsequently, and second flexible boring rope injects borehole and pass knee bend.
The second boring rope does not rotate, and fluid cutter that pressure is relatively low of end connection, cuts at about 3000-4000 pound/square inch.Fluid cutter rock stratum around spray a hole lentamente.Obviously, herein except weight that can be by the vertical drilling rope or be added in the conventional thrust on the boring rope, have no idea to send to the boring rope.This cutter have one to be close to conventional low pressure answer spout device (approximately 3000-4000 pound/square inch), and it works to wash away chip.The horizontal sextant angle (45 °) of replying spout is constant, has souring, but spout can not provide the thrust forward of usefulness under this angle.In fact, as if if any, this spout has another kind of balance by the not effect of the recoil that causes of swivel nozzle of front, and therefore, sending to is that weight by the boring rope causes.
Because except the weight of boring rope, do not send machinery to, the fluid cutter are sent to very slow, even on soft rock, horizontal resection speed also can only be cut 60m in 6-10 hour.
As if influence cutter as boring rope and travel forward equally, by the problem that rigidity boring is restricted and caused, cutting angle decline problem still takes place.
Owing to do not have feeder except the weight of appreciable boring rope, horizontally extending boring makes flexible boring rope form so-called " spiral is locked " probably, promptly can not send the boring rope to by pushing away the boring rope again.This possibility of result be exactly why in this example the length of lateral aperture be limited in reason about 60m.
In this example, the boring rope is slightly littler than common diameter (12.5mm) for spiral steel pipe, for it provides enough flexibles.For the pipe of minor diameter, have only a spot of low-pressure water can flow to the fluid cutter.
In discharging from coal during methane, guaranteed efficiency and the gas permeability that do not change coal is necessary.Any minimizing of gas permeability all will enter cutting hole from coal on every side to methane and have a negative impact.Well-known surfactant reduces the gas permeability of coal, and therefore, when boring discharge orifice on the coal seam, owing to need surfactant, above-described hole-drilling system should not use.
Purpose of the present invention
In the present invention, developed a system, wherein rigidity boring rope is replaced by flexible boring rope, and flexible boring rope also is not used in and sends spray nozzle device to.We find can remain on same aspect to flexible boring rope cutter sweep.The ability that high-pressure fluid (10000-20000 pound/square inch) advanced or sent to the cutting instrument of can holding our flexible boring rope reduces or does not have.Therefore the present invention also comprises one from feeding system, and its a kind of form is, replys spout and has definite shape and enough thrust to send the cutting instrument to.
A major advantage of restricting as boring with the flexible flexible pipe of high pressure is that it can be sent to continuously and recall from a cylinder.Do not need so constantly to increase and remove rigidity boring rope.Therefore, use this technology greatly to boost productivity.Although spiral steel pipe is a known technology, can use with similar method, the fund cost of pipeline and winch is very big with respect to expense of the present invention.
In addition, need be complicated and method costliness is sent it to borehole.In the present invention, cutter sweep can be sent to relative cost saving simply with flexible boring rope.
The flexible of boring rope makes that also the present invention can be used for directional drilling.Directional drilling relates to the position, and the direction that changes boring in this method with control is favourable.Particularly, high-pressure hose can relatively easily rotate and pass a ultra-short radius, and it is 0.6m or still less.Can reach so unique other known technologies is again helical pipe, gets in touch above-mentionedly, and it needs huge fund cost.In addition, helical pipe can only be made, and surpasses the elastic limit of material by forcing steel conduit, passes ultra-short radius.This distortion has seriously reduced the working life of pipeline, this often means that by the pipeline section of ultra-short radius to recall, and has to cut off it with complicated method, comprises machinery and electrochemistry break-up device.This has greatly increased expense.In the present invention, flexible boring rope can be withdrawn and re-use, and the working life of high-pressure hose is excessively damaged.Be used in another shortcoming of the helical pipe of coal directional drilling is that if do not recall, pipeline forms safety hazard to underground coal mining subsequently.The chemicals that is used to cut off pipeline equally also has harmful effect to the gas permeability in coal seam.
An object of the present invention is to provide a kind of hole-drilling system, it can overcome above-mentioned shortcoming or provide a kind of useful commodity selection to the public.
In one form, the invention belongs to a kind ofly from sending hole-drilling system to, it comprises a borehole apparatus, and this borehole apparatus has a guiding fluid cutting nozzles at least, device on this borehole apparatus is used to make borehole apparatus to move forward, and a boring rope of being made by recoverable flexible pipe.
Therefore, by removing rigidity boring rope, and, provide, formed effective hole-drilling system from sending frame for movement to the form of one or more answer spouts.
Flexible pipe can only play the boring rope, but flexible pipe preferably also plays a conduit, and the fluid that supplies to drive cutting nozzles and reply spout flows therein.Imagination, other independent pipe also can be fluid provides conduit, but in this stage, boring rope itself preferably also plays fluid hose.This pipe should bear the high pressure of 10000-20000 pound/square inch.
Borehole apparatus itself can comprise many inner sub-elements that connect.
The leader of borehole apparatus comprises a rotation high pressure nozzle.The Woma FR47 nozzle of suitable nozzle for buying.This nozzle comprises forward cutting spout and side fraising spout, and can be use between 10000-20000 pound/square inch the time at nozzle exit pressure, uses under the pressure of 10000-15000 pound/square inch usually.
Nozzle is installed makes it change in protection shell inward turning.This containment vessel comprises a tube-shaped tail part and the shelf part to open front.When nozzle rotated, this fender bracket part can be protected nozzle, reduced the contingency that it collides with hole wall.
Shelf can be made step, and step just in time is positioned at fraising spout back.This step can help to make the thrust on the fraising spout sensing borehole wall, and thrust blocks step, and stops nozzle to be sent to.This fraising spout can be removed thrust subsequently, and the cutting instrument is sent to.
This instrument does not need the bent sub element, because bend pipe is unsuitable for controlling the orientation of bent sub element.
Best, provide one to reply spout at least, it can be for replying the part of spout sub-element.It is adjacent with an afterbody part of cutting instrument that this replys spout sub-element position.This sub-element can comprise four answer spouts that have backward the nozzle that points to, reply spout be evenly distributed on sub-element around.The answer spout provides thrust forward, thereby makes the borehole apparatus automatic feed.Spout is worked under 10000-20000 pound/square inch usually, and the number of spout and size can change, and a pure thrust forward is provided for this instrument.
In order effectively to play the effect of " thrust " spout, this nozzle longitudinal axis best and instrument is a low-angle.Be preferably 0-30 degree angle, the angles of about 5 degree are best because the flexible flexible pipe (and it can not cut brokenly) that this angle can make " ejection " water cleaning connect together, simultaneously in addition one acceptable backward push away the angle.
The cutting instrument can be by an aligning device orientation.A kind of form of aligning device comprises that it can be partial to selectively by a deviator via the fluid of replying the spout nozzle.Deviator helps the Cutting Control instrument.This deviator can comprise a deflection element, and it is shift-in and shift out fluid spout stream selectively, so that the current deflection.The deflection element has a suitable jut or similar item on annulus, this annulus extends around this revertant element.Annulus rotates and can make the deflection element pass in and out fluid spout stream selectively.This annulus can be by being positioned at the driver rotation of cutting instrument internal.
This deviator can constitute control cutting instrument and pass for example part of the guidance system in coal seam of solid.Guidance system is designed to be able to provide in real time continuously the position of cutting instrument, makes the operator can be on ground by the computer control instrument.Guidance system comprises following element:
(a) sensing device, it can determine to cut instrument in three-dimensional position,
(b) single core cable, it is conducts information between cutting instrument and ground,
(c) computer, the information that its calculating is relevant with the cutter sweep track with demonstration, and
(d) transfer, it can comprise aforesaid deflection element.
The accompanying drawing summary
Embodiments of the invention will be by being described, wherein with reference to the accompanying drawings
Fig. 1 is the overall lateral view according to the cutter sweep of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 is the view of a big guiding containment vessel;
Fig. 3 A and Fig. 3 B are the lateral view and the end-view of little guiding containment vessel with the level;
Fig. 4 has described fluid cutting nozzles forward;
Fig. 5 has described the rear portion of this cutter sweep and has replied fluidic component;
Fig. 6 has described the device of Fig. 1, and it has deviator and replys water jet with deflection;
Fig. 7 has described the part of fluid cutting nozzles forward;
Fig. 8 has described a cutter sweep according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 9 has described the fluid drilling system in using roughly.
Best mode
With reference to the accompanying drawings, and at first with reference to figure 9, illustrate a system at this, it is used for the passage of a cardinal principle of cutting level on coal seam 100.Fig. 9 shows a upright opening 101 that passes the coal seam.Whipstock device 104 is placed in this hole, and is placed in the preformed cavity 105.This whipstock device can be described as the undelegated international patent application of the applicant, and its content is included in this by suitable cross reference.Whipstock device 104 has a main body 106, and its size can allow in the whipstock patchhole.An extendible arm 107 is connected with main part, and this arm can be holded up into horizontal direction (also can become other angle) by hydraulic pressure.
Fluid drilling equipment 108 as the application's theme can be placed in the arm 107, and after holding up with convenient arm 107, this device can cut a hole on the coal seam.Flexible flexible pipe 109 advances by this device, and along with flexible pipe arrives the hole by whipstock, and it can unclamp by reel 110 on the ground.The flexible of flexible pipe 109 makes it can pass through a very steep radius, thereby makes the consolidation that whipstock becomes successively.
In case the fluid drilling equipment has cut the hole of a required degree of depth, it can twine gets back in the arm 107, and arm can be packed up, thereby the whipstock that comprises drilling equipment can rise to ground.This system is used for when coal forms dark discharge of methane hole, and is particularly useful.
Should be understood that this fluid drilling system is not limited to use with whipstock, also can use separately or with other device.
With reference to figure 1, a fluid cutter sweep 10 has been described at this.Device 10 by many separate but the sub-element that is interconnected form.Guiding sub-element 11 has a containment vessel.This containment vessel has the empty substantially tubular portion 12 of an afterbody and the shelf part 13 of a front portion.The spinning high pressure nozzle device 40 of a Woma FR47 or similar model is installed in the inside of shell 11, and it can buy (seeing Fig. 4 and 7) from the market.Spray nozzle device is installed on the clamper 40A, and has a mandrel 40B, and swivel nozzle 40C is installed in above the mandrel.The reaming spout 42 of oriented cutting spout 41 that protracts of nozzle 40C and side.Spout 41,42 is at 478,803 Pa-957, the pressure running down between 606 Pa (10000---15000 pounds/square inch).Nozzle 40C is connected with mandrel by pin 40D, and pin is stuck in the endless groove 40E of mandrel.
Shelf part 13 allows cutting spout and reaming spout to go up path of cutting at solid material (such as the coal seam), and wherein shelf partly protects nozzle to exempt from infringement and stall.
In Fig. 3, shelf part 13 has a step 14, adjacent reaming nozzle back at the Woma device, its position.Facing to projection on the drill hole wall, they can block step and stop nozzle to be sent to step 14 with the reaming spout.Thereby can removing projection then, the reaming spout make drilling equipment 10 to send to.
Fig. 2 has described a dissimilar shelf part 13A who does not have step.
Being close to the back of shell 11, is a central sub-element 16, and it is hollow basically, can hold sensor, guidance system and similar thing.In addition, being shaped as of this sub-element is cylindrical, thereby for nozzle provides symmetry, helps to bore more straight hole like this.The cylindrical space that can also reduce effectively between nozzle and the drill hole wall, water and broken coal pass through from here.Water under high pressure is by inner tube 43 and flow to Woma FR47 nozzle.If bore diameter is too little, water and broken coal just can not pass through fast from nozzle.Can cause the pressure of nozzle front to increase like this, when acquiring a certain degree, nozzle is being resisted the active force of replying spout and is being withdrawn.Another chance cutting boring is provided and increases its diameter can for effectively like this cutting and reaming spout.Can obtain consistent more bore diameter in this way.
What be connected with element 16 is that afterbody is replied spout sub-element 19, and it has carried out clearer description in Fig. 5.Replying spout sub-element 19 has four to reply spout 20-23, evenly spaced apart around the tail end of this element.Each is replied spout and comprise the passage processing or form in sub-element 19.It is interior and adjacent with passage that the nozzle (not shown) is placed on the corresponding jack 24 of replying in the spout sub-element 19.Jack and nozzle are communicated with by passage 25 fluids with the inside of answer spout sub-element 19.Nozzle is preferably from the horizontal by 5 degree angles, cleaning the continuous flexible pipe of trailing, and provides well forward a thrust to this device.Water is with 478,803 Pa-957, and 606 Pa (1 0000-20000 pound/square inch) pass through nozzle.Part high-pressure fluid enters replys spout sub-element 19, thus from nozzle 24 by drilling equipment 10 being provided a thrust forward.A flexible drill string (not shown) is connected the afterbody part 26 of replying spout sub-element 19.High-pressure fluid can enter and by cutter sweep 10 by flexible drill string.Drill string plays conduit to high-pressure fluid, but too soft and can not provide any useful forward thrust by the convection cell cutting knife.Flexible makes drill string suitable to steeper curve, for example by whipstock, and does not need surfactant.
In use, high-pressure fluid is such as water, enters and by device 10 by flexible drill string.High-pressure fluid drives Woma spinning nozzle and replys spout.
In another form, be used for handling the guidance system of nozzle by the coal seam and be installed in this instrument.Guidance system can provide continuous and real-time state of nozzle and position display, makes the operator can be on ground by the computer control nozzle.Guidance system comprises following element:
A measuring apparatus, it can determine nozzle in three-dimensional position,
A single core cable, it is conducts information between nozzle and ground
Computer and display, the information that its calculating is relevant with the nozzle track with demonstration, and
A transfer, it is installed on the nozzle with the control feeding direction, thereby keeps needed track.
Measuring apparatus comprises the flux-gate detector and the accelerometer of three arrangements.Magnetometer is used to measure the orientation that this nozzle points to respect to magnetic north pole.Accelerometer is used to measure the gradient of this nozzle along its longitudinal axis, and the direction of the bell scale of nozzle.
The output signal of magnetometer and accelerometer is collected and is handled by a compute chip that is positioned at nozzle body.These information pass to ground with binary system along single core cable subsequently.This electric wire or be placed in the branch of high-pressure hose and, the perhaps center by flexible pipe attached to the outside of flexible pipe.
On the ground, electric wire links to each other with computer, and computer takes out the signal from nozzle, handles these information, and calculates the direction of orientation, gradient and the bell scale of nozzle in real time.This information is presented on the computer display subsequently, make operating personnel can see nozzle track and with needed track relatively.
If it is very big that nozzle departs from the amount of needed track, operating personnel can pass through computer keyboard starting nozzle transfer.Operating personnel import needed direction and change.How computer decision implements the variation of direction effectively, and signal is transported to compute chip on the nozzle along electric wire subsequently.Thereby the chip enable transfer changes the track of boring.
Transfer comprises slip ring 30 (see figure 6)s, and it is installed in one and is positioned at the circumferential groove of replying the spout back.Be used to make one and reply the jut that spout is partial to drill hole wall, the form with plate 31 is installed on the slip ring.An actuating stepper motor in this device is used for the rotational slide ring, so that make deflecting plate be positioned at suitable spout back, realizes that needed direction changes.Power by the suitable answer spout of deflection produces makes nozzle point to needed direction.
With reference to figure 8, show the change example of a cutter sweep at this.This cutter sweep 50 also comprises 51, one intermediate body member 52 of a holder part forward and replys spout device 53, and it is identical with above-described cardinal principle with forward support 51 to reply spout device 53.
Intermediate body member 52 comprises four internal screw 54-57, and they are longitudinal extension in intermediate body member 52.Screw rod is other element, such as electronic measuring instrument, has formed support.This measuring apparatus is placed in the epoxy resin mould, and is sealed in the metal box and protects.The device bag is installed with this form, and promptly it slides on four screw rods.Drill bit cover 59 is lids of metal box, and allows FR47 nozzle or similar thing to be connected with this device.This combination is with nut tension, and nut is screwed on the screw rod, and such tension also can be with nylon or the similar cover sealing device of coming together.Can be installed on the FR47 nozzle with backward step support 51.In this combination, inner water tube 60 in a side, provides space for device wraps along body 52 positioned inside.
The flexible flexible pipe that links to each other with cutter sweep is the flexible flexible pipe of high pressure, and it can be crooked fully to allow self withdrawal from boring.This flexible pipe also can crookedly fully be partial to allow self passing through whipstock.Flexible flexible pipe is not intended for the propeller of cutter sweep, and cutter sweep is undertaken from sending to by replying spout.Therefore, flexible flexible pipe is different from helix tube, and helix tube can crookedly surpass its elastic limit (for example passing through whipstock), but can not reply easily, and disconnects with electrochemical method usually.
In this embodiment, the inner core made from polyformaldehyde and polyamide of flexible pipe begins to form.Four high-tension steel wire spiral layers are wrapped on the inner core to improve resistance to pressure.External core is a polyamide.This flexible pipe can obtain from the market with the form of Polyflex high-pressure hose.
In another form, steering gear uses side " propeller " spout to change the direction of boring.These spouts start by the high pressure valve of solenoid control.
In example, use and bored 54 according to High-Pressure Water according to the present invention boring nozzle not have the radius that deflection hole and seven drill strings depart from be the hole of 0.3m.To the pressure of various pumps, the model of support and the size of nozzle bore have been carried out experiment to measure the optimal operation parameter of nozzle.
On the basis of experimental result, boring best of breed be, the pressure of pump is 115 MPas, fluid-flow rate is 234 liters of per minutes, the diameter of cutting on the Woma FR47 rotation nozzle and fraising spout is 1.0mm and 1.2mm, and the answer spout orifice diameter of 1.2mm diameter.The step shelf of protection FR47 nozzle produces more smooth boring and more stable bore diameter.
An example of this nozzle combination is when nothing of brill departs from boring, to have bored 194 meters in 42 minutes total times.Another example is, a boring has been bored 192 meters, and drill string has passed through a 0.3m ultra-short radius, 97 minutes times spent.Attention does not need to stop boring at this and goes drill string is connected with this system.In the above two kinds of cases, to stop be owing to be subjected to the restriction of the drill string that can buy at that time in boring.The about 110mm of the diameter in hole.Obviously penetration rate is 10 times that known use drill string weight is sent fluid cutter speed to.
Should be understood that as long as without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, can carry out various other changes and improvements described embodiment.

Claims (18)

1. one kind from sending hole-drilling system to, comprises a borehole apparatus, and this borehole apparatus has a guiding fluid cutting nozzles at least, is used to device that borehole apparatus is moved forward and a boring rope of being made by flexible flexible pipe on this borehole apparatus.
2. system as claimed in claim 1, the device that borehole apparatus is moved forward comprises that is at least replied a spout, so that provide a thrust forward to borehole apparatus.
3. system as claimed in claim 2, wherein flexible flexible pipe plays a conduit to driving at least one the fluid of answer spout of cutting nozzles and this, does not send cutting nozzles to but be not specifically designed to.
4. system as claimed in claim 3, wherein borehole apparatus comprises many inner sub-elements that connect.
5. system as claimed in claim 4, wherein the leader of borehole apparatus comprises a rotation high pressure nozzle, it has a cutting spout forward at least, and at least one side fraising spout.
6. system as claimed in claim 5, wherein nozzle is installed in and is rotated motion in the fender bracket, and this fender bracket is used to protect nozzle to reduce the contingency that it collides hole wall when rotated.
7. system as claimed in claim 6, wherein shelf is made step, and step just in time is positioned at the fraising spout back, side of at least one, and the effect of this step is the thrust that makes on the fraising spout sensing borehole wall, and thrust blocks step, and stops nozzle to be sent to.
8. instrument wherein cuts by an aligning device orientation in system as claimed in claim 7.
9. system as claimed in claim 8, wherein aligning device comprises fluid, and fluid has a nozzle of replying spout at least by this, and this nozzle can be partial to selectively by a deviator.
10. system as claimed in claim 9, wherein deviator comprises a deflection element, it is shift-in and shift out fluid jet stream selectively, so that current deflection, the deflection element comprises the jut on the annulus, this annulus extends around a revertant element, and therefore, the rotation of annulus makes the deflection element pass in and out fluid jet stream selectively.
11. as the system of claim l, wherein flexible flexible pipe comprises a plastic core, reinforces steel wire and outer plastic shell.
12. a method of taking out methane from the coal seam, this method comprise the hole-drilling system of sending to certainly of claim 1 is sent into the coal seam to cut a hole, from the coal seam, take out this and send hole-drilling system certainly to, and take out methane by this cutting hole.
13. method of from subterranean coal, taking out methane, this method comprises that boring a borehole from ground surface enters the coal seam, place, contiguous coal seam forms a cavity in borehole, whipstock is entered cavity downwards along borehole, in cavity, place one from sending fluid drilling system in needed direction, make this system from sending in case on the coal seam hole of cutting.
14., wherein can be the system that any one limited among claim 1-10 and 18 from feeding system as the method for claim 13.
15. as the method for claim 13 or 14, wherein whipstock has an erectile arm element.
16. as the method for claim 15, wherein have a fluid cutting nozzles at least on the arm element that this can be upright, with convenient arm when upright, groove of cutting on hole wall.
17. as the method for claim 15 or 16, wherein comprise a borehole apparatus from sending fluid drilling system to, it is enclosed in earlier in the arm element, thereby and its can send to from here and cut a hole.
18. system as claimed in claim 2, wherein this at least one answer spout is discharged water under high pressure from the longitudinal axis of borehole apparatus with about 0 °-30 ° angle.
CN96198876A 1995-12-08 1996-12-05 Fluid drilling system Expired - Lifetime CN1079879C (en)

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US20030164253A1 (en) 2003-09-04
AUPN703195A0 (en) 1996-01-04
IN191561B (en) 2003-12-06
AU700032B2 (en) 1998-12-17
AU7686996A (en) 1997-07-03
CA2239734C (en) 2006-03-14
WO1997021900A1 (en) 1997-06-19
PL327309A1 (en) 1998-12-07
ZA9610255B (en) 1997-06-09
CA2239734A1 (en) 1997-06-19
GB2322889B (en) 1999-05-19
US20020011357A1 (en) 2002-01-31
RU2224080C2 (en) 2004-02-20
GB9809266D0 (en) 1998-07-01
GB2322889A (en) 1998-09-09
CN1079879C (en) 2002-02-27
US6866106B2 (en) 2005-03-15
US6470978B2 (en) 2002-10-29
PL182186B1 (en) 2001-11-30

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