CN112832729B - Hydraulic mechanical hole making device, using method and hole making process - Google Patents
Hydraulic mechanical hole making device, using method and hole making process Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
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- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 200
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 141
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 86
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 39
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F7/00—Methods or devices for drawing- off gases with or without subsequent use of the gas for any purpose
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K1/00—Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K15/00—Check valves
- F16K15/18—Check valves with actuating mechanism; Combined check valves and actuated valves
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of coal seam permeability increase, and discloses a hydraulic mechanical cave-making device which takes high-pressure water as a power source, adopts a mode of diversion valve control and piston transmission, realizes that a mechanical cutting arm with a hinged structure is unfolded at a preset position of a drilled hole, forms a hole once and makes a cave continuously, and forms a plurality of sections of large-diameter holes in the drilled hole; compared with the traditional mechanical hole making, the hole making machine has the advantages of high structural strength, capability of meeting two continuous or segmented hole making requirements of a forward type and a backward type, high hole making efficiency, quick detachable and replaceable cutting arms and the like. The drilling permeability increasing and pressure relieving range is increased, the manual labor intensity is reduced, and the mechanical loss of the drilling tool is reduced; the method is favorable for improving the mine gas treatment level and ensuring the safe production of the coal mine. The invention also provides a using method of the hydraulic mechanical hole making device and a hole making process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of coal seam permeability increase, and particularly relates to a hydraulic mechanical cave-making device, a using method and a cave-making process
Background
Coal seams in most mining areas in China belong to high-gas low-permeability coal seams, coal quality is soft and permeability is poor, and because permeability of the coal seams directly determines extraction and utilization efficiency of coal mine gas, solving the problem that coal bed gas of low-permeability coal seams is difficult to extract becomes a key link for ensuring safe production of coal mines and improving yield and utilization rate of the coal bed gas. Research and development of technologies and equipment for improving permeability of a low permeability coal seam and increasing yield of coal bed gas become a difficult and urgent task, so research and development of key technologies and equipment for improving permeability of a coal seam underground which is difficult to pump become an important task to be developed urgently.
Mechanical cave building of a coal bed means that a great amount of coal bodies are cut and discharged by drilling holes along or through a layer, a mechanical drill bit is used for reducing and reaming, a plurality of caverns with larger diameters are formed, and a certain pressure relief gas discharge area is formed in the coal bodies. On one hand, the measure is used for crushing and punching out a large amount of soft coal bodies in the cave making process, thereby playing a role in reducing the ground stress of the coal bodies; on the other hand, the exposed area of the coal seam is increased by the cave formed in the coal seam, and a huge fracture network is formed around the cave, so that a wide space is provided for gas migration and extraction, the permeability of the coal seam is improved, and the gas extraction efficiency and the gas extraction amount can be effectively improved.
Compared with hydraulic punching and cave building, the mechanical cave building technology has the advantages of high cave building speed, stable size, easy control and the like, and is an effective way for pressure relief and permeability increase of a low-permeability coal bed. The drill bit reducing is realized with the help of rig thrust more to present machinery cave making device technique, and partial equipment can realize the drill bit reducing under hydraulic action, and transmission structure and cutting arm stability are relatively poor, and because the restriction of transmission structure, can only realize making the cave to the hole bottom folk prescription reaming by the drill way, and reaming efficiency is lower, easy card sword.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the hydraulic mechanical hole making device provided by the invention can solve the problems mentioned in the background, has the advantages of one-step hole making, easy control of hole making size, good structural stability, difficult drill clamping, easy replacement of a cutting arm, high efficiency and the like, and can simultaneously meet the needs of two forward type hole making and backward type hole making. The invention also provides a using method of the mechanical hole making device and a hole making process applying the hydraulic mechanical hole making device.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
in the first technical proposal, the hydraulic mechanical cave-making device comprises a cutting body, a moving block, a piston rod, a piston, a seamless steel pipe, a diversion conversion valve, a first cylinder, a second cylinder and a return spring, wherein the cutting body comprises a guide articulated shaft, a cutting body shell, a cutting body connector and two groups of front cutting arms and rear cutting arms, the moving block is arranged at the tail part in the cutting body shell and can move linearly in the cutting body shell, two groups of front cutting arms and rear cutting arms are respectively arranged at two opposite sides of the cutting body shell, the moving block is hinged with the tail end of the rear cutting arm, the front end of the rear cutting arm is hinged with the rear end of the front cutting arm through a guide hinge shaft, the rear end of the front cutting arm is hinged with the front part of the cutting body shell, the second cylinder barrel comprises a fixed sleeve, a supporting end cover and a second cylinder barrel shell, the front end of the second cylinder barrel shell is butted with the rear end of the cutting body shell, the supporting end cover is fixedly arranged at the front section in the second cylinder barrel shell, the fixed sleeve is arranged at the rear end in the second cylinder barrel shell, the piston rod is arranged in the second cylinder barrel shell, the tail end of the piston rod is fixedly connected with the piston, the front section of the piston rod penetrates through the supporting end cover to be fixedly connected with the moving block, the seamless steel pipe is inserted in the piston rod and the cutting body, the front end of the seamless steel tube extends to the front end of the cutting body, the rear end of the seamless steel tube extends to the rear end of the second cylinder, the reset spring is sleeved outside the piston rod, the front section of the reset spring abuts against the rear end face of the supporting end cover, the rear end of the reset spring abuts against the front end face of the piston, the diversion conversion valve is installed in the first cylinder, the front end of the first cylinder is in butt joint with the tail end of the second cylinder, and two water outlets of the diversion conversion valve are respectively communicated with the tail end of the seamless steel pipe and the space of the rear end of the piston;
when the seamless steel pipe is in a first state, the external pressure water outputs water flow to the seamless steel pipe through the diversion conversion valve; when the pressure of external pressure water reaches a threshold value, the external pressure water reaches a second state, and when the external pressure water reaches the second state, the pressure water output by the diversion conversion valve pushes the piston, the piston rod and the moving block to move forwards synchronously, so that the front cutting arm and the rear cutting arm are folded along the hinged part and protrude out of the cutting body shell.
In the first aspect, preferably, alloy drill bits are mounted on the outer surfaces of the front cutting arm and the rear cutting arm.
In the first technical solution, preferably, the outer wall of the seamless steel tube inside the cutting body is provided with jet flow spray holes for deslagging, weakening the coal wall and cleaning the cutting arm.
In the first technical scheme, as an optimal choice, the diversion conversion valve comprises a valve core, a spring, a valve sleeve and a valve sleeve diversion hole, wherein a gap is formed between the valve sleeve and the first cylinder barrel, the valve core is positioned in the valve sleeve and can axially slide along the valve sleeve, the valve core is provided with a valve sleeve low-pressure hole and a valve sleeve high-pressure hole, two ends of the spring are respectively abutted against the front section of the valve core and the valve sleeve, the valve sleeve is internally provided with a valve cavity, and the diversion hole is positioned at the front end of the valve sleeve; in the first state, the valve core is not moved, the high-pressure hole of the valve sleeve is in a closed state, and the low-pressure hole of the valve sleeve is communicated with the seamless steel pipe through the valve cavity and the valve sleeve water guide hole; in the second state, the valve core moves axially, the valve sleeve low-pressure hole and the valve sleeve high-pressure hole are simultaneously communicated, and the valve sleeve high-pressure hole is communicated with the cavity at the tail part of the piston through the valve cavity and gaps among the valve sleeve and the first cylinder barrel.
In the first technical scheme, as an optimization, the diversion conversion valve comprises a valve core, a spring, a valve sleeve and a valve sleeve diversion hole, wherein a gap is formed between the valve sleeve and the first cylinder barrel, the valve core is positioned in the valve sleeve and can axially slide along the valve sleeve, the valve core is provided with a valve sleeve low-pressure hole and a valve sleeve high-pressure hole, two ends of the spring are respectively abutted against the front section of the valve core and the valve sleeve, the valve sleeve is internally provided with a valve cavity, the diversion hole is positioned at the front end of the valve sleeve, and the fixing sleeve is provided with a fixing sleeve one-way valve hole; in the first state, the valve core is not moved, the high-pressure hole of the valve sleeve is in a closed state, and the low-pressure hole of the valve sleeve is communicated with the seamless steel pipe through the valve cavity and the valve sleeve water guide hole; and in the second state, the valve core moves axially, the low-pressure hole of the valve sleeve is closed, the high-pressure hole of the valve sleeve is communicated, the valve cavity, the valve sleeve and the first cylinder barrel are communicated with the cavity at the tail part of the piston after gaps are formed among the valve cavity, the valve sleeve and the first cylinder barrel, and the high-pressure hole of the valve sleeve is communicated with the tail end of the seamless steel pipe through the one-way valve hole of the fixing sleeve.
In a second technical scheme, the method for using the hydraulic mechanical hole-making device uses the hydraulic mechanical hole-making device in the first technical scheme,
In a third technical scheme, the hydraulic mechanical hole-making process uses the hydraulic mechanical hole-making device in the first technical scheme,
step 21, adjusting the water injection pressure of a pump station, wherein the water pressure is less than the opening threshold of a cutting arm of the hydraulic mechanical hole making device, and a drilling system is utilized to drive an alloy drill bit and the hydraulic mechanical hole making device to drill in a coal seam or a rock stratum to a preset depth;
step 22, driving the hydraulic mechanical cave-making device to rotate by using the drilling system, gradually increasing the water injection pressure of a pump station, and realizing the expansion of a hole bottom cutting arm and cutting coal wall cave-making when the water pressure is greater than the opening threshold of the cutting arm of the hydraulic mechanical cave-making device;
step 23, according to the hardness of the coal body, presetting a subsection cave making length L1 and a coal pillar reserved length L2, driving a hydraulic mechanical cave making device to move L1 from the hole bottom to the orifice direction by using a drilling system, and cutting the coal wall in the retreating process of a cutting arm to form a retreating type long-distance cave making hole;
step 24, adjusting the water injection pressure of the pump station to a low-pressure state, withdrawing the cutting arm under the action of a return spring, and driving the hydraulic mechanical hole making device to move L2 to the next continuous hole making position in the orifice direction by using the drilling system;
and 25, repeating the steps 22, 23 and 24 to finish the retreating type segmental long-distance cave construction.
In a fourth technical scheme, the hydraulic mechanical hole-making process uses the hydraulic mechanical hole-making device in the first technical scheme,
step 31, according to the occurrence characteristics of the coal seam, presetting the segmented cave-making length L1 and the coal pillar reserved length L2, adjusting the water injection pressure of a pump station, wherein the water pressure is smaller than the opening threshold of a cutting arm of the hydraulic mechanical cave-making device, and after drilling to a preset depth by using a drilling system, driving the hydraulic mechanical cave-making device to move L1 from the bottom of the hole to the direction of the hole opening in the coal seam or rock stratum;
step 32, driving the hydraulic mechanical cave-building device to rotate by using the drilling system, gradually increasing the water injection pressure of a pump station, and realizing the unfolding of a cutting arm and cutting coal wall cave-building, wherein the water pressure is greater than the opening threshold of the cutting arm of the hydraulic mechanical cave-building device;
step 33, driving the hydraulic mechanical cave-making device to move L1 from the orifice to the bottom of the hole by using the drilling system, and cutting the coal wall in the advancing process of the cutting arm to form an advancing type long-distance cave-making hole;
step 34, adjusting the water injection pressure of the pump station to a low pressure state, retracting the cutting arm under the action of a return spring, and driving the hydraulic mechanical hole forming device to move 2L1+ L2 length to the next continuous hole forming position in the orifice direction by using the drilling system;
and step 35, repeating the step 32, the step 33 and the step 34 to finish the forward segmented long-distance cave building.
In a fifth technical scheme, the hydraulic mechanical hole-making process uses the hydraulic mechanical hole-making device in the first technical scheme,
step 41, according to the occurrence characteristics of the coal seam, presetting the continuous cave-making length L3, adjusting the water injection pressure of a pump station, wherein the water pressure is smaller than the opening threshold of a cutting arm of the hydraulic mechanical cave-making device, after the drilling system is used for drilling to a preset depth, the drilling system is used for driving an alloy drill bit and the hydraulic mechanical cave-making device to rotate, the water injection pressure of the pump station is gradually increased, the water pressure is larger than the opening threshold of the cutting arm of the hydraulic mechanical cave-making device, the cutting arm is unfolded, and the cave is made on the coal wall;
step 42, driving the hydraulic mechanical cave-making device to move L3 from the hole opening to the hole bottom direction by using the drilling system, and cutting the coal wall in the advancing process of the cutting arm to form an advancing continuous cave-making hole;
and 43, adjusting the water injection pressure of the pump station, wherein the water pressure is less than the opening threshold of the cutting arm of the hydraulic mechanical hole making device, and the cutting arm is retracted under the action of a return spring to complete the forward continuous long-distance hole making.
In a sixth technical scheme, the hydraulic mechanical hole-making process uses the hydraulic mechanical hole-making device in the first technical scheme,
step 51, according to coal seam occurrence characteristics, presetting a continuous cave-making length L3, adjusting water injection pressure of a pump station, wherein the water pressure is smaller than a stretching threshold of a cutting arm of a hydraulic mechanical cave-making device, after drilling to a preset depth by using a drilling system, driving the hydraulic mechanical cave-making device to rotate by using the drilling system, gradually increasing the water injection pressure of the pump station, and the water pressure is larger than the stretching threshold of the cutting arm of the hydraulic mechanical cave-making device, so that the cutting arm is unfolded, and a coal wall cave is cut;
step 52, driving the hydraulic mechanical cave-making device to move L3 from the hole bottom to the orifice direction by using a drilling system, and cutting the coal wall in the retreating process of the cutting arm to form a retreating type continuous cave-making hole;
and step 53, adjusting the water injection pressure of the pump station, wherein the water pressure is less than the opening threshold of the cutting arm of the hydraulic mechanical hole making device, and the cutting arm is retracted under the action of the return spring to complete the retreating type continuous hole making.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
compared with the prior art, the invention takes high-pressure water as a power source, adopts a mode of diversion valve control and piston transmission, realizes that the mechanical cutting arm with a hinged structure is unfolded at a preset position of a drilled hole, forms a hole once and continuously makes a hole, and forms a plurality of sections of large-diameter holes in the drilled hole; compared with the traditional mechanical hole making, the mechanical hole making machine has the advantages of high structural strength, high hole making efficiency, quick disassembly and replacement of the cutting arm and the like, and can meet the requirements of two continuous or segmented hole making of an advancing type and a retreating type simultaneously. The drilling permeability increasing and pressure relieving range is increased, the manual labor intensity is reduced, and the mechanical loss of the drilling tool is reduced; the method is favorable for improving the mine gas treatment level and ensuring the safe production of the coal mine.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a hydraulic mechanical hole-making device.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a cutting body of the hydraulic mechanical hole making device.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a first diverter valve body according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a second kind of diverter valve body according to the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a hydraulic mechanical retreating type subsection long-distance hole-making process.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the forward sectional long-distance cave-making process of the hydraulic machine.
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a hydraulic machine advancing type continuous hole-making process of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a hydraulic mechanical retreating type continuous hole-making process.
In the figure, 1-cutting body, 2-moving block, 3-piston rod, 4-piston, 5-seamless steel tube, 6-diversion conversion valve, 7-first cylinder, 71-conical joint, 8-second cylinder, 9-reset spring, 11-front cutting arm, 12-rear cutting arm, 13-guide hinging shaft, 14-cutting body shell, 15-cutting body connector, 16-fixed end cover, 61-valve cavity, 62-valve core, 63-snap spring, 64-spring, 65-plug, 66-valve sleeve, 67-valve sleeve low pressure hole, 68-valve sleeve high pressure hole, 69-valve sleeve water guide hole, 81-fixed sleeve, 82-supporting end cover, 83-second cylinder shell, 84-fixed sleeve one-way valve hole, 101-hydraulic mechanical cavitation device, 102-coal pillar, 103-backward long-distance cavitation hole, 104-forward long distance cavitation hole, 105-forward continuous cavitation hole, 106-backward-continuous cavitation hole.
Detailed Description
In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present technical solution more clear, the present technical solution is further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. It should be understood that the description is intended to be exemplary only, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present teachings.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1-4, a hydraulic mechanical cave-making device 101 proposed in this embodiment includes a cutting body 1, a moving block 2, a piston rod 3, a piston 4, a seamless steel tube 5, a diversion change-over valve 6, a first cylinder 7, a second cylinder 8 and a return spring 9, wherein the cutting body 1 includes two front cutting arms 11, two rear cutting arms 12, a guiding hinge shaft 13, a cutting body housing 14 and a cutting body connector 15, the moving block 2 is installed at the tail part of the cutting body housing 14, the moving block 2 can move linearly in the cutting body housing 14, the moving block 2 is hinged to the tail end of the rear cutting arm 12, the front end of the rear cutting arm 12 is hinged to the rear end of the front cutting arm 11 through the guiding hinge shaft 13, the rear end of the front cutting arm 11 is hinged to the front part of the cutting body housing 14, the second cylinder 8 includes a fixing sleeve 81, a supporting end cover 82 and a second cylinder housing 83, the front end of a second cylinder shell 83 is butted with the rear end of a cutting body shell 14, a supporting end cover 82 is fixedly arranged at the front section in the second cylinder shell 83, a fixing sleeve 81 is arranged at the rear end in the second cylinder shell 83, a piston rod 3 is arranged in the second cylinder shell 83, the tail end of the piston rod 3 is fixedly connected with a piston 4, the front section of the piston rod 3 penetrates through the supporting end cover 82 to be fixedly connected with a moving block 2, a seamless steel tube 5 is inserted into the piston rod 3 and the cutting body 1, the front end of the seamless steel tube 5 extends to the front end of the cutting body 1, the rear end of the seamless steel tube 5 extends to the rear end of a second cylinder 8, a return spring 9 is sleeved outside the piston rod 3, the front section of the return spring 9 is butted with the rear end face of the supporting end cover 82, the rear end of the return spring 9 is butted with the front end face of the piston 4, a diversion conversion valve 6 is arranged in the first cylinder 7, the front end of the first cylinder 7 is butted with the tail end of the second cylinder 8, two water outlets of the diversion conversion valve 6 are respectively communicated with the tail end of the seamless steel pipe 5 and the rear end space of the piston 4; when the seamless steel tube is in a first state (low-pressure state), external pressure water outputs water flow to the seamless steel tube 5 through the diversion conversion valve 6; after the pressure of the external pressure water reaches a threshold value, a second state (high-pressure state) is reached, and in the second state, the pressure water output by the diversion conversion valve 6 pushes the piston 4, the piston rod 3 and the moving block 2 to move forwards synchronously, so that the front cutting arm 11 and the rear cutting arm 12 are folded along the hinged joint and protrude out of the cutting body shell 14, as shown in fig. 5.
Specifically, a low-pressure outlet of the diversion conversion valve 6 is communicated with the seamless steel tube 5 through a fixing sleeve 81, one end of the seamless steel tube 5 is fixed with the fixing sleeve 81 through threads, and the other end of the seamless steel tube 5 is fixed in the middle of the cutting body 1 through a fixing end cover 16; the high-pressure hole 68 of the valve sleeve of the diversion conversion valve 6 is communicated with the second cylinder 8 through a fixing sleeve 81, and the fixing sleeve 81 is fixed with the second cylinder shell 83 in a sealing way; the piston 4 is positioned in the second cylinder 8 and can slide along the inner wall of the second cylinder 8; one end of the piston rod 3 is fixedly connected with the piston 4, penetrates through the second cylinder 8, penetrates through the return spring 9, penetrates through the supporting end cover 82 in a sealing manner, and is connected with the moving block 2 through a bearing; the moving block 2 is hinged with the tail end of a rear cutting arm 12, the front end of the rear cutting arm 12 is hinged with the rear end of a front cutting arm 11 through a guide hinge shaft 13, and the rear end of the front cutting arm 11 is hinged with a cutting body shell 14; the first cylinder barrel 7 is fixedly connected with the second cylinder barrel 8, the second cylinder barrel 8 is fixedly connected with the cutting body 1, and the tail part of the first cylinder barrel 7 is connected with a drill rod through a conical joint 71.
In this embodiment, the piston rod 3 is hollow rod, and 5 external diameters of seamless steel pipe slightly are less than the 3 internal diameters of piston rod, and seamless steel pipe 5 runs through movable block 2, cutting body 1 middle part, and 5 one end of seamless steel pipe are fixed with fixed cover 81 thread seal, the other end and cutting body 1 front end fixed connection.
The moving block 2 can move axially along the inner wall of the cutting body 1; the cutting body connector 15 is in threaded connection with the drill bit; the return spring 9 is positioned in the second cylinder 8, and two ends of the return spring respectively act on the piston 4 and the supporting end cover 8282; the outer surfaces of the front cutting arm 11 and the rear cutting arm 12 can be reinforced with alloy drill bits; the outer wall of the seamless steel pipe 5 positioned in the cutting body 1 is locally provided with a jet flow spray hole for deslagging, weakening the coal wall and cleaning the cutting arm.
As shown in fig. 3, the pilot switching valve 6 includes a valve core 62, a spring 64, a valve sleeve 66, and a valve sleeve water guide hole 69, wherein a gap is formed between the valve sleeve 66 and the first cylinder 7, the valve core 62 is located in the valve sleeve 66 and can slide axially along the valve sleeve 66, a valve sleeve low pressure hole 67 and a valve sleeve high pressure hole 68 are provided on the valve core 62, both ends of the spring 64 are respectively abutted against a front section of the valve core 62 and the valve sleeve 66, a valve cavity 61 is provided in the valve sleeve 66, and the valve sleeve water guide hole 69 is located at a front end of the valve sleeve 66; in the first state, the valve core 62 is not moved, the valve sleeve high-pressure hole 68 is in a closed state, and the valve sleeve low-pressure hole 67 is communicated with the seamless steel tube 5 through the valve cavity 61 and the valve sleeve water guide hole 69; in the second state, the valve core 62 moves axially, the valve sleeve low-pressure hole 67 and the valve sleeve high-pressure hole 68 are simultaneously communicated, and the valve sleeve high-pressure hole 68 is communicated with the tail cavity of the piston 4 through the gaps between the valve cavity 61, the valve sleeve 66 and the first cylinder barrel 7.
As shown in fig. 4, the diversion conversion valve 6 includes a valve core 62, a clamp spring 63, a spring 64, a plug 65, a valve sleeve 66, and a valve sleeve water guide hole 69, wherein a gap is formed between the valve sleeve 66 and the first cylinder 7, the valve core 62 is located in the valve sleeve 66 and can slide axially along the valve sleeve 66, the valve core 62 is provided with a valve sleeve low pressure hole 67 and a valve sleeve high pressure hole 68, two ends of the spring 64 are respectively abutted against a front section of the valve core 62 and the valve sleeve 66, the valve sleeve 66 is provided with a valve cavity 61, the valve sleeve water guide hole 69 is located at a front end of the valve sleeve 66, and the fixing sleeve 81 is provided with a fixing sleeve one-way valve hole 84; in the first state, the valve core 62 is not moved, the valve sleeve high-pressure hole 68 is in a closed state, and the valve sleeve low-pressure hole 67 is communicated with the seamless steel tube 5 through the valve cavity 61 and the valve sleeve water guide hole 69; in the second state, the valve core 62 moves axially, the valve sleeve low-pressure hole 67 is closed, the valve sleeve high-pressure hole 68 is communicated, the valve cavity 61, the valve sleeve 66 and the first cylinder barrel 7 are communicated with the cavity at the tail part of the piston 4 after clearance, and the valve sleeve high-pressure hole 68 is communicated with the tail end of the seamless steel pipe 5 through the fixing sleeve one-way valve hole 84. The clamp spring 63 is arranged at the tail end of the valve core 62 to limit the valve core 62 from moving backwards excessively, and the plug 65 is arranged at the front end of the cavity in the valve core to prevent pressure water from entering the spring 64.
Example 2
In a second technical scheme, the application method of the hydraulic mechanical hole-making device uses the hydraulic mechanical hole-making device 101 in the embodiment 1,
Example 3
In a third embodiment, as shown in fig. 5, a hydromechanical hole-making process is performed by using the hydromechanical hole-making device 101 of example 1,
step 21, adjusting the water injection pressure of a pump station, wherein the water pressure is less than the opening threshold of a cutting arm of the hydraulic mechanical hole making device 101, and a drilling system is utilized to drive an alloy drill bit and the hydraulic mechanical hole making device 101 to drill in a coal seam or a rock stratum to a preset depth;
step 22, driving the hydraulic mechanical cave-making device 101 to rotate by using a drilling system, gradually increasing the water injection pressure of a pump station, and realizing the expansion of a hole bottom cutting arm and cutting coal wall cave-making when the water pressure is greater than the opening threshold of the cutting arm of the hydraulic mechanical cave-making device 101;
step 23, according to the hardness of the coal body, presetting a subsection cave making length L1 and a reserved length L2 of the coal pillar 102, driving the hydraulic mechanical cave making device 101 to move L1 from the hole bottom to the orifice direction by using a drilling system, and cutting the coal wall in the retreating process of a cutting arm to form a retreating type long-distance cave making hole 103;
step 24, adjusting the water injection pressure of the pump station to a low-pressure state, withdrawing the cutting arm under the action of the return spring 9, and driving the hydraulic mechanical hole making device 101 to move L2 to the next continuous hole making position in the orifice direction by using the drilling system;
and 25, repeating the steps 22, 23 and 24 to finish the retreating type segmental long-distance cave construction.
Example 4
In a fourth embodiment, as shown in fig. 6, a hydromechanical hole-making process, using the hydromechanical hole-making device 101 of example 1,
step 31, according to the occurrence characteristics of the coal seam, presetting a sectional cave building length L1 and a coal pillar 102 reserved length L2, adjusting the water injection pressure of a pump station, wherein the water pressure is smaller than the opening threshold of a cutting arm of the hydraulic mechanical cave building device 101, and after a drilling system is used for drilling to a preset depth, driving the hydraulic mechanical cave building device 101 to move L1 from the bottom of a hole to the direction of an orifice in the coal seam or rock stratum;
step 32, driving the hydraulic mechanical cave-making device 101 to rotate by using a drilling system, gradually increasing the water injection pressure of a pump station, and realizing the unfolding of a cutting arm and cutting coal wall cave-making when the water pressure is greater than the opening threshold of the cutting arm of the hydraulic mechanical cave-making device 101;
step 33, driving the hydraulic mechanical cave-making device 101 to move L1 from the hole opening to the hole bottom direction by using the drilling system, and cutting the coal wall in the advancing process of the cutting arm to form an advancing type long-distance cave-making hole 104;
step 34, adjusting the water injection pressure of the pump station to a low pressure state, retracting the cutting arm under the action of the return spring 9, and driving the hydraulic mechanical hole forming device 101 to move 2L1+ L2 to the next continuous hole forming position in the orifice direction by using the drilling system;
and 35, repeating the step 32, the step 33 and the step 34 to finish the forward segmented long-distance cave building.
Example 5
In a fifth embodiment, as shown in fig. 7, a hydromechanical hole-making process, using the hydromechanical hole-making device 101 of example 1,
step 41, according to the occurrence characteristics of the coal seam, presetting the continuous cave-making length L3, adjusting the water injection pressure of a pump station, wherein the water pressure is smaller than the opening threshold of the cutting arm of the hydraulic mechanical cave-making device 101, after the drilling system is used for drilling to a preset depth, the drilling system is used for driving an alloy drill bit and the hydraulic mechanical cave-making device 101 to rotate, the water injection pressure of the pump station is gradually increased, the water pressure is larger than the opening threshold of the cutting arm of the hydraulic mechanical cave-making device 101, the cutting arm is unfolded, and the coal wall cave is cut;
step 42, driving the hydraulic mechanical hole making device 101 to move L3 from the hole opening to the hole bottom direction by using a drilling system, and cutting the coal wall in the advancing process of the cutting arm to form an advancing continuous hole making hole 105;
and 43, adjusting the water injection pressure of the pump station, wherein the water pressure is less than the opening threshold of the cutting arm of the hydraulic mechanical hole making device 101, and the cutting arm is retracted under the action of the return spring 9 to complete the forward continuous long-distance hole making.
Example 6
As shown in fig. 8, a hydromechanical hole-making process, using the hydromechanical hole-making device 101 of example 1,
step 51, according to coal seam occurrence characteristics, presetting a continuous cave-making length L3, adjusting water injection pressure of a pump station, wherein the water pressure is smaller than a stretching threshold of a cutting arm of a hydraulic mechanical cave-making device 101, after drilling to a preset depth by using a drilling system, driving the hydraulic mechanical cave-making device 101 to rotate by using the drilling system, gradually increasing the water injection pressure of the pump station, and the water pressure is larger than the stretching threshold of the cutting arm of the hydraulic mechanical cave-making device 101, realizing the unfolding of the cutting arm and cutting coal wall cave;
step 52, driving the hydraulic mechanical cave-making device 101 to move L3 from the hole bottom to the orifice direction by using a drilling system, and cutting the coal wall in the retreating process of the cutting arm to form a retreating type continuous cave-making hole 106;
and step 53, adjusting the water injection pressure of the pump station, wherein the water pressure is less than the opening threshold of the cutting arm of the hydraulic mechanical hole making device 101, and the cutting arm is retracted under the action of the return spring 9 to complete the retreating type continuous hole making.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and many variations in the specific embodiments and applications of the invention may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention, which falls within the scope of the claims of this patent.
Claims (9)
1. A hydraulic mechanical cave-making device is characterized in that: the guide conversion valve comprises a cutting body, a moving block, a piston rod, a piston, a seamless steel tube, a guide conversion valve, a first cylinder, a second cylinder and a return spring, wherein the cutting body comprises a guide articulated shaft, a cutting body shell, a cutting body connector, two groups of front cutting arms and rear cutting arms;
when the seamless steel tube is in the first state, external pressure water outputs water flow to the seamless steel tube through the diversion conversion valve; when the pressure of external pressure water reaches a threshold value, the external pressure water reaches a second state, and when the external pressure water reaches the second state, the pressure water output by the diversion conversion valve pushes the piston, the piston rod and the moving block to move forwards synchronously, so that the front cutting arm and the rear cutting arm are folded along the hinged part and protrude out of the cutting body shell;
the diversion conversion valve comprises a valve core, a spring, a valve sleeve and a valve sleeve water guide hole, wherein a gap is formed between the valve sleeve and the first cylinder barrel, the valve core is positioned in the valve sleeve and can axially slide along the valve sleeve, a valve sleeve low-pressure hole and a valve sleeve high-pressure hole are formed in the valve core, two ends of the spring are respectively abutted against the front section of the valve core and the valve sleeve, a valve cavity is arranged in the valve sleeve, and the valve sleeve water guide hole is positioned at the front end of the valve sleeve; in the first state, the valve core is not moved, the high-pressure hole of the valve sleeve is in a closed state, and the low-pressure hole of the valve sleeve is communicated with the seamless steel pipe through the valve cavity and the valve sleeve water guide hole; in the second state, the valve core moves axially, the low-pressure hole of the valve sleeve and the high-pressure hole of the valve sleeve are simultaneously communicated, and the high-pressure hole of the valve sleeve is communicated with the cavity at the tail part of the piston through the valve cavity and the clearance between the valve sleeve and the first cylinder barrel.
2. The hydromechanical cavitation device of claim 1, wherein: and alloy drill bits are arranged on the outer surfaces of the front cutting arm and the rear cutting arm.
3. The hydromechanical cavitation device of claim 1, wherein: the outer wall of the seamless steel pipe in the cutting body is provided with a jet flow spray hole for discharging slag, weakening the coal wall and cleaning the cutting arm.
4. The hydromechanical cavitation device of claim 1, wherein: the diversion conversion valve comprises a valve core, a spring, a valve sleeve and a valve sleeve water guide hole, wherein a gap is formed between the valve sleeve and a first cylinder barrel, the valve core is positioned in the valve sleeve and can slide along the valve sleeve in the axial direction, the valve core is provided with a valve sleeve low-pressure hole and a valve sleeve high-pressure hole, two ends of the spring are respectively abutted against the front section of the valve core and the valve sleeve, a valve cavity is arranged in the valve sleeve, the valve sleeve water guide hole is positioned at the front end of the valve sleeve, and a fixed sleeve one-way valve hole is arranged on the fixed sleeve; in the first state, the valve core does not move, the high-pressure hole of the valve sleeve is in a closed state, and the low-pressure hole of the valve sleeve is communicated with the seamless steel pipe through the valve cavity and the water guide hole of the valve sleeve; and in the second state, the valve core moves axially, the low-pressure hole of the valve sleeve is closed, the high-pressure hole of the valve sleeve is communicated, the valve cavity, the valve sleeve and the first cylinder barrel are communicated with the cavity at the tail part of the piston after gaps are formed among the valve cavity, the valve sleeve and the first cylinder barrel, and the high-pressure hole of the valve sleeve is communicated with the tail end of the seamless steel pipe through the one-way valve hole of the fixing sleeve.
5. A method of using a hydromechanical hole making device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein:
step 11, connecting an alloy drill bit with a preset size with the front end of a cutting body, connecting the rear end of a first cylinder with a drill rod, and connecting a tail section of the drill rod with a clean water pump station through a high-pressure rubber pipe;
step 12, starting a clean water pump station to inject water, controlling the water pressure to be smaller than the opening threshold of the cutting arm, injecting water to the alloy drill bit through a high-pressure rubber pipe, a water tail, a drill rod, a diversion conversion valve, a fixed sleeve and a seamless steel pipe, and further utilizing a drilling system to construct a drill hole with a preset size in a coal body;
step 13, pushing the hydraulic mechanical hole making device to a preset hole making position by using a drilling system, driving the hydraulic mechanical device to rotate by using the drilling system, adjusting the water injection pressure of a clean water pump station to exceed the opening threshold of a cutting arm, injecting high-pressure water into a second cylinder through a high-pressure rubber pipe, a water tail, a drill rod, a diversion conversion valve and a fixed sleeve and acting on a piston when injecting water and discharging slag to an alloy drill bit, driving a piston rod to move axially along the second cylinder, driving a moving block to move axially along a cutting body, further driving a front cutting arm and a rear cutting arm to open, and gradually opening and rotatably cutting a coal wall by using the cutting arm;
step 14, after the hole forming at the preset position is finished, the water injection pressure of the clean water pump station is reduced to be smaller than the opening threshold of the cutting arm, and the piston returns to the initial position under the action of a return spring to drive the cutting arm to retract; and pushing the hydraulic mechanical hole making device to the next preset hole making position by using a drilling system, and repeating the steps to complete the multi-section hole making and permeability increasing of the coal bed.
6. A hydromechanical hole making process using the hydromechanical hole making device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein:
step 21, adjusting the water injection pressure of a pump station, wherein the water pressure is less than the opening threshold of a cutting arm of the hydraulic mechanical hole making device, and a drilling system is utilized to drive an alloy drill bit and the hydraulic mechanical hole making device to drill in a coal seam or a rock stratum to a preset depth;
step 22, driving the hydraulic mechanical cave-making device to rotate by using the drilling system, gradually increasing the water injection pressure of a pump station, and realizing the expansion of a hole bottom cutting arm and cutting coal wall cave-making when the water pressure is greater than the opening threshold of the cutting arm of the hydraulic mechanical cave-making device;
step 23, according to the hardness of the coal body, presetting a subsection cave making length L1 and a coal pillar reserved length L2, driving a hydraulic mechanical cave making device to move L1 from the hole bottom to the orifice direction by using a drilling system, and cutting the coal wall in the retreating process of a cutting arm to form a retreating type long-distance cave making hole;
step 24, adjusting the water injection pressure of the pump station to a low-pressure state, withdrawing the cutting arm under the action of a return spring, and driving the hydraulic mechanical hole making device to move L2 to the next continuous hole making position in the orifice direction by using the drilling system;
and step 25, repeating the step 22, the step 23 and the step 24 to finish the retreating type subsection long-distance cave building.
7. A hydromechanical hole making process using the hydromechanical hole making device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein:
step 31, according to the occurrence characteristics of the coal seam, presetting the segmented cave-making length L1 and the coal pillar reserved length L2, adjusting the water injection pressure of a pump station, wherein the water pressure is smaller than the opening threshold of a cutting arm of the hydraulic mechanical cave-making device, and after drilling to a preset depth by using a drilling system, driving the hydraulic mechanical cave-making device to move L1 from the bottom of the hole to the direction of the hole opening in the coal seam or rock stratum;
step 32, driving the hydraulic mechanical cave-making device to rotate by using the drilling system, gradually increasing the water injection pressure of a pump station, and realizing the unfolding of a cutting arm and cutting coal wall cave-making when the water pressure is greater than the opening threshold of the cutting arm of the hydraulic mechanical cave-making device;
step 33, driving the hydraulic mechanical cave-making device to move L1 from the orifice to the bottom of the hole by using the drilling system, and cutting the coal wall in the advancing process of the cutting arm to form an advancing type long-distance cave-making hole;
step 34, adjusting the water injection pressure of the pump station to a low pressure state, retracting the cutting arm under the action of a return spring, and driving the hydraulic mechanical hole forming device to move 2L1+ L2 length to the next continuous hole forming position in the orifice direction by using the drilling system;
and 35, repeating the step 32, the step 33 and the step 34 to finish the forward segmented long-distance cave building.
8. A hydromechanical hole making process using the hydromechanical hole making device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein:
step 41, according to the occurrence characteristics of the coal seam, presetting the continuous cave-making length L3, adjusting the water injection pressure of a pump station, wherein the water pressure is smaller than the opening threshold of a cutting arm of the hydraulic mechanical cave-making device, after the drilling system is used for drilling to a preset depth, the drilling system is used for driving an alloy drill bit and the hydraulic mechanical cave-making device to rotate, the water injection pressure of the pump station is gradually increased, the water pressure is larger than the opening threshold of the cutting arm of the hydraulic mechanical cave-making device, the cutting arm is unfolded, and the cave is made on the coal wall;
step 42, driving the hydraulic mechanical cave-making device to move L3 from the hole opening to the hole bottom direction by using the drilling system, and cutting the coal wall in the advancing process of the cutting arm to form an advancing continuous cave-making hole;
and 43, adjusting the water injection pressure of the pump station, wherein the water pressure is less than the opening threshold of the cutting arm of the hydraulic mechanical hole making device, and the cutting arm is retracted under the action of a return spring to complete the forward continuous long-distance hole making.
9. A hydromechanical hole making process using the hydromechanical hole making device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein:
step 51, according to coal seam occurrence characteristics, presetting a continuous cave-making length L3, adjusting water injection pressure of a pump station, wherein the water pressure is smaller than a stretching threshold of a cutting arm of a hydraulic mechanical cave-making device, after drilling to a preset depth by using a drilling system, driving the hydraulic mechanical cave-making device to rotate by using the drilling system, gradually increasing the water injection pressure of the pump station, and the water pressure is larger than the stretching threshold of the cutting arm of the hydraulic mechanical cave-making device, so that the cutting arm is unfolded, and a coal wall cave is cut;
step 52, driving the hydraulic mechanical cave-making device to move L3 from the hole bottom to the orifice direction by using a drilling system, and cutting the coal wall in the retreating process of the cutting arm to form a retreating type continuous cave-making hole;
and step 53, adjusting the water injection pressure of a pump station, wherein the water pressure is less than the opening threshold of the cutting arm of the hydraulic mechanical hole making device, and the cutting arm is retracted under the action of a return spring to complete the retreating type continuous hole making.
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| CN202011643380.2A CN112832729B (en) | 2020-12-31 | 2020-12-31 | Hydraulic mechanical hole making device, using method and hole making process |
| JP2022510805A JP7261354B2 (en) | 2020-12-31 | 2021-07-19 | Hydro-mechanical drilling equipment, method of use and drilling process |
| PCT/CN2021/106985 WO2022142275A1 (en) | 2020-12-31 | 2021-07-19 | Hydraulic mechanical hole-making device, method for using same, and hole-making process |
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| CN113266281B (en) * | 2021-05-26 | 2023-08-22 | 中煤科工集团沈阳研究院有限公司 | Directional rotary drilling tool and use method thereof |
| CN113846971B (en) * | 2021-09-29 | 2024-03-29 | 河南能源化工集团研究总院有限公司 | Mechanical hydraulic drilling and hole-making integrated device and operation method |
| CN115628100B (en) * | 2022-10-28 | 2024-01-23 | 铁福来装备制造集团股份有限公司 | Coal seam punching and hole making method |
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| CN112832729A (en) | 2021-05-25 |
| WO2022142275A1 (en) | 2022-07-07 |
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