CN111255425A - Nozzle for hydraulic jet fracturing - Google Patents
Nozzle for hydraulic jet fracturing Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN111255425A CN111255425A CN201811453777.8A CN201811453777A CN111255425A CN 111255425 A CN111255425 A CN 111255425A CN 201811453777 A CN201811453777 A CN 201811453777A CN 111255425 A CN111255425 A CN 111255425A
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- Prior art keywords
- jet
- nozzle
- inner rotor
- outer sleeve
- radial
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B41/00—Equipment or details not covered by groups E21B15/00 - E21B40/00
- E21B41/0078—Nozzles used in boreholes
Abstract
The invention provides a nozzle for hydraulic jet fracturing, which comprises a nozzle outer sleeve and an inner rotor, wherein the inner rotor is rotatably arranged in the nozzle outer sleeve, the nozzle outer sleeve and the inner rotor are respectively provided with a flow passage for a jet fluid to pass through, and the nozzle outer sleeve is provided with a horizontal jet hole for forward jet cutting, two radial jet holes for upward and downward jet cutting and two oblique jet holes for oblique backward jet of the upward and downward sides; the flow passage of the nozzle outer sleeve is communicated with the horizontal jet hole and the radial jet hole, and the flow passage of the inner rotor is communicated with one oblique jet hole when the inner rotor rotates. The invention has the advantages of improving the far well reservoir production, convenient operation, compact structure and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of yield increase of oil and gas fields, in particular to a nozzle for hydraulic jet fracturing.
Background
At present, the hydraulic jetting technology is popularized and applied in a large scale in staged fracturing of a horizontal well. The basic principle is that the high-pressure water jet effect is utilized, the jet speed can reach 130m or even more than 200m per second, and the high-pressure water jet effect is mixed with the strong grinding effect of proppant particles, so that the proppant particles can penetrate through a casing and a cement sheath and enter a stratum by more than 50cm (equivalent to the constant speed core length of hydraulic jet). If the hydraulic fracture is required to continue to extend, the fracturing fluid must be injected from the annulus to continue to extend the fracture along with the injection fluid from the tubing. Meanwhile, due to the high-speed water jet effect, a negative pressure effect is generated around the jet, so that the fracturing fluid outside the annulus can be more strongly attracted into the cracks, the hydraulic packing effect is favorably realized, and the effective segmentation among different jet cracks is ensured.
However, the prior art can only carry out hydraulic jet in a horizontal shaft, the action of the hydraulic jet is limited to perforation and hydraulic isolation, the far well fracture still adopts conventional fracturing, and the direction of the fracture is the direction of the maximum horizontal principal stress. And only one crack exists usually during hydraulic jetting, and the stress interference effect among a plurality of cracks does not exist, so that the complexity and the modification volume of the crack are difficult to greatly promote. Although the hydraulic jet pipe column in the prior art can be limited to a horizontal well bore, and some hydraulic jet pipe columns can even extend and move a jet tool to the interior of a fracture for 100m or more, the jet only forms a jet hole with a small diameter, and for the layered deposited sandstone, the vertical permeability is far lower than the horizontal permeability, so that the hole formed by the jet only has difficulty in greatly improving the oil and gas yield of a far-well reservoir.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide the nozzle for hydraulic jet fracturing, which improves the yield of a far well reservoir, is convenient to operate and has a compact structure.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a nozzle for hydraulic jet fracturing comprises a nozzle outer sleeve and an inner rotor, wherein the inner rotor is rotatably arranged in the nozzle outer sleeve, the nozzle outer sleeve and the inner rotor are respectively provided with a flow passage for a jet fluid to pass through, and the nozzle outer sleeve is provided with a horizontal jet hole for forward jet cutting, two radial jet holes for upward and downward jet cutting and two oblique jet holes for oblique and backward jet towards the upper side and the lower side; the flow passage of the nozzle outer sleeve is communicated with the horizontal jet hole and the radial jet hole, and the flow passage of the inner rotor is communicated with one oblique jet hole when the inner rotor rotates.
As a further improvement of the above technical solution:
the inner rotor is provided with a radial through groove, and the radial through groove is communicated with the overflowing channel of the inner rotor and one of the inclined jet holes when the inner rotor rotates.
The radial through groove is an arc-shaped through groove.
The two radial jet holes and the two oblique jet holes are symmetrically arranged on the upper side and the lower side of the nozzle outer sleeve.
The central lines of the two oblique jet holes are intersected on the central axis of the nozzle jacket, the central lines of the two radial jet holes are overlapped, and the central line of the horizontal jet hole is overlapped with the central axis of the nozzle jacket.
The nozzle outer sleeve comprises a cylindrical outer sleeve and a hemispherical outer sleeve which are connected with each other, and the inner rotor is arranged in the cylindrical outer sleeve; the horizontal jet hole is arranged on the hemispherical outer sleeve, the radial jet hole is arranged at the connecting position of the cylindrical outer sleeve and the hemispherical outer sleeve, and the oblique jet hole is arranged on the cylindrical outer sleeve.
The liquid outlet speeds of the horizontal jet hole, the radial jet hole and the oblique jet hole are larger than 130 m/s.
The overflowing channel of the nozzle jacket comprises an injection pipe mounting section, an inner rotor mounting section, a cylindrical overflowing section and a hemispherical overflowing section which are connected in sequence; the diameter of the inner rotor mounting section is smaller than that of the injection pipe mounting section and is larger than that of the cylindrical overflowing section; the diameter of the hemispherical flow passing section is equal to that of the cylindrical flow passing section.
One end of the inner rotor is provided with a plurality of axial spiral grooves communicated with the overflowing channel, and the axial spiral grooves are uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction of the end face of the inner rotor so as to drive the inner rotor to rotate when the injected fluid passes through.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
the nozzle comprises a nozzle outer sleeve and an inner rotor, wherein the nozzle outer sleeve is provided with a horizontal jet hole, two radial jet holes and two oblique jet holes, and the horizontal jet hole is used for forward jet cutting to open a forward channel; the two radial injection holes spray and cut the upper side and the lower side so as to increase the height of a cutting crack; the two oblique injection holes inject obliquely backward and upward to provide power for the forward movement of the nozzle, and when the inner rotor rotates, one of the oblique injection holes is communicated with the flow passage, so that the nozzle can move upward or downward, and the upward or downward crack height is increased. The invention adopts the combination of the horizontal jet hole, the two radial jet holes and the two oblique jet holes, realizes the deep penetration of the reservoir, and simultaneously can jet in the far well area to form a directional joint surface, thereby increasing the contact area and the flow conductivity between the reservoir and a crack channel, greatly improving the yield of the far well reservoir, and having good economy and high efficiency. Meanwhile, the inner rotor of the invention is rotatably arranged in the nozzle outer sleeve, the overflowing channel of the nozzle outer sleeve is communicated with the horizontal jet hole and the radial jet hole, and the overflowing channel of the inner rotor is communicated with one oblique jet hole when the inner rotor rotates.
Drawings
The invention will be described in more detail hereinafter on the basis of embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Wherein:
fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a hydraulic jet fracturing nozzle according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a main sectional view of the hydraulic jet fracturing nozzle of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic perspective view of an inner rotor of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a front cross-sectional view of an inner rotor of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a front cross-sectional view of a nozzle casing of the present invention.
The reference numerals in the figures denote:
1. a nozzle jacket; 11. a horizontal jet hole; 12. a radial injection hole; 13. an oblique injection hole; 14. a cylindrical jacket; 15. a hemispherical outer sleeve; 2. an inner rotor; 21. a radial through groove; 22. an axial helical groove; 3. an overflow channel; 31. an injection pipe mounting section; 32. an inner rotor mounting section; 33. a cylindrical flow passage section; 34. and a hemispherical flow passing section.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and specific examples, without thereby limiting the scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to 5, the hydraulic jet fracturing nozzle of the present embodiment includes a nozzle casing 1 and an inner rotor 2, and the inner rotor 2 is rotatably mounted in the nozzle casing 1. The nozzle outer sleeve 1 and the inner rotor 2 are both provided with a flow passage 3 for the jet fluid to pass through; the nozzle jacket 1 is provided with a horizontal jet hole 11, two radial jet holes 12 and two inclined jet holes 13. Wherein, the horizontal jet hole 11 sprays and cuts forward, two radial jet holes 12 spray and cut to the upper and lower sides, the flow passage 3 of the nozzle jacket 1 is communicated with the horizontal jet hole 11 and the radial jet holes 12; the two oblique jet holes 13 jet obliquely backwards towards the upper side and the lower side, and the flow passage of the inner rotor 2 is communicated with one oblique jet hole 13 when the inner rotor 2 rotates.
The horizontal jet hole 11 of the present invention jet-cuts forward to open a forward passage; two radial jet holes 12 jet-cut to the upper and lower sides to increase the height of the cut crack; the two inclined injection holes 13 are injected obliquely backward to the upper and lower sides to provide a motive force for the forward movement of the nozzle, and one of the inclined injection holes 13 communicates with the transfer passage 3 when the inner rotor 2 rotates, so that the nozzle can move upward or downward, which increases the upward or downward crack height. The invention adopts the combination of the horizontal jet hole 11, the two radial jet holes 12 and the two oblique jet holes 13, realizes the deep penetration of the reservoir, and simultaneously can jet in the far well area to form a directional seam surface, increase the contact area and the flow conductivity between the reservoir and a fracture channel, greatly improve the yield of the far well reservoir, and have good economy and high efficiency. Meanwhile, the inner rotor 2 of the invention is rotatably arranged in the nozzle jacket 1, the flow passage 3 of the nozzle jacket 1 is communicated with the horizontal jet hole 11 and the radial jet hole 12, and the flow passage 3 of the inner rotor 2 is communicated with one inclined jet hole 13 when the inner rotor 2 rotates, thus the invention has simple structure, compact layout and small occupied space.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the inner rotor 2 is provided with a radial through groove 21, and the radial through groove 21 communicates the through-flow passage 3 of the inner rotor 2 and one of the inclined injection holes 13 when the inner rotor 2 rotates. When the radial through groove 21 communicates the upper oblique injection hole 13 with the overflow channel 3 of the inner rotor 2, the resultant force of the oblique injection hole 13 and the radial injection hole 12 above the nozzle outer sleeve 1 is greater than the acting force of the radial injection hole 12 below the nozzle outer sleeve 1, so that the nozzle moves downwards, and the crack height is increased downwards; and conversely, the height of the crack is increased upwards, so that the aim of increasing the height of the crack is fulfilled. The structure is simple and the operation is convenient. In this embodiment, the radial through-grooves 21 are arc-shaped through-grooves arranged along the circumferential direction of the nozzle casing 1.
As shown in fig. 5, two radial injection holes 12 are symmetrically arranged on the upper and lower sides of the nozzle casing 1; the two inclined jet holes 13 are also symmetrically arranged at the upper side and the lower side of the nozzle jacket 1 so as to ensure the effective cutting of the nozzle and the height of the cut crack. In this embodiment, the liquid outlet speed of the horizontal injection hole 11, the radial injection hole 12 and the oblique injection hole 13 is greater than 130m/s, so as to ensure the efficiency of jet cutting.
Furthermore, the central lines of the two inclined jet holes 13 intersect on the central axis of the nozzle jacket 1, the central lines of the two radial jet holes 12 coincide, and the central line of the horizontal jet hole 11 coincides with the central axis of the nozzle jacket 1. The nozzle is stressed evenly in the spraying process, and the spraying reliability is ensured.
Further, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, in the present embodiment, the nozzle casing 1 includes a cylindrical casing 14 and a hemispherical casing 15, the cylindrical casing 14 is connected to the hemispherical casing 15, and the hemispherical casing 15 is disposed to reduce the forward resistance of the nozzle. Wherein, the inner rotor 2 is arranged in the cylindrical outer sleeve 14; the horizontal jet hole 11 is arranged on the hemispherical outer sleeve 15, the radial jet hole 12 is arranged at the connecting position of the cylindrical outer sleeve 14 and the hemispherical outer sleeve 15, and the oblique jet hole 13 is arranged on the cylindrical outer sleeve 14, so that the arrangement is reasonable and compact.
As shown in fig. 5, in the present embodiment, the flow passage 3 of the nozzle casing 1 includes a spray pipe mounting section 31, an inner rotor mounting section 32, a cylindrical flow passage section 33, and a hemispherical flow passage section 34, which are connected in sequence. The jet pipe is connected with the jet pipe mounting section 31, the jet hose has a torsion resistance property, and the jet hose is not twisted in the process that the jet nozzle drives the jet hose to enter a reservoir stratum, so that cracks of the jet nozzle are ensured to be on the same plane; the inner rotor 2 is mounted in the inner rotor mounting section 32; the cylindrical overflowing section 33 is arranged in the cylindrical outer sleeve 14; hemispherical flow passage section 34 is disposed within hemispherical jacket 15. The sectional arrangement form of the nozzle jacket 1 enables all the components to be arranged in a partitioned mode and to be reasonable and compact in layout.
Meanwhile, the diameter of the inner rotor mounting section 32 is smaller than that of the injection pipe mounting section 31, the diameter of the inner rotor mounting section 32 is larger than that of the cylindrical overflowing section 33, the diameter of the hemispherical overflowing section 34 is equal to that of the cylindrical overflowing section 33, the inner rotor 2 is effectively mounted, fluid stability is guaranteed, and cutting effect is improved.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, in the present embodiment, one end of the inner rotor 2 is provided with a plurality of axial spiral grooves 22. The nozzle jacket 1 is communicated with the overflowing channel 3 of the inner rotor 2, and a plurality of axial screws 22 are uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction of the end face of the inner rotor 2. When the jet fluid enters the nozzle through the jet pipe, the axial spiral groove 22 is driven by the jet fluid, so as to drive the inner rotor 2 to rotate, and the rotation function of the inner rotor 2 is realized.
In this embodiment, for hydraulic jet seam making, the larger the jet fluid discharge amount is, the lower the viscosity is, the more uneven the surface of the formed jet seam is, and the higher the flow conductivity of the finally formed jet seam is. Therefore, in order to increase the flow conductivity of the crack, the injection fluid can adopt a construction strategy of variable displacement and variable viscosity.
In this embodiment, the specific implementation steps of far well fixed surface hydraulic jet are as follows: (1) and (4) evaluating key parameters of the reservoir. The evaluation comprises lithology, physical property, sensitivity, rock mechanical parameters, three-dimensional ground stress, natural fracture properties and the like, and is mainly determined by experiments of the rock core of the target stratum under the conditions of simulating underground stress, pore pressure, temperature and the like. (2) And (2) geological engineering sweet spot calculation, namely calculating the geological sweet spot and the engineering sweet spot according to a conventional method on the basis of the step (1), and calculating a comprehensive sweet spot index according to an equal weight method, thereby determining the position of each injection point. (3) Optimizing fracture parameters, on the basis of the step (1), applying common software PETREL to establish a fine geological model of the horizontal section length of the well and the range of the horizontal section length of the well in the transverse direction of the horizontal section length and the transverse direction of the horizontal section length within 800m, then leading a model result into common commercial software ECLIPSE for predicting the yield of the fractured horizontal well, setting hydraulic fractures according to a method of equivalent flow conductivity (for reducing simulation workload, after amplifying the width of the fractures by a certain multiple, proportionally reducing the permeability of propping agents in the fractures, and keeping the product of the permeability and the flow conductivity of the fractures unchanged), and simulating the dynamic post-compression yield under the conditions of different fracture lengths, fracture distances and flow conductivity according to an orthogonal design method, wherein the fracture parameter corresponding to the highest post-compression yield or the largest economic net present value is the optimal fracture parameter system. (4) And (5) optimizing hydraulic jet construction parameters. Based on the ground stress parameters of the target layer, the well head pressure and the discharge capacity under the conditions of different pipe diameters are calculated, the lowest injection speed of the nozzle is 130m/s, and the injection pipe diameter is lower than the injection diameter by more than 20 percent so as to ensure the smooth running construction of the injection pipe column. (5) And (4) preparing a tubular column tail end device for running the coiled tubing according to the special requirements of the optimized crack length and crack direction in the step (3), wherein the tubular column tail end device comprises a casing cutting tool string, a jet hose tool string and a nozzle. (6) And (5) performing casing cutting operation. (7) And (4) performing injection construction according to the requirements of the steps (1) to (3), wherein the main construction parameters can refer to the optimized result of the step (4). (8) And (5) repeating the steps (6) to (7) for construction until all the sections are constructed. (9) And (4) performing the links of flowback, test, production and the like according to the conventional flow and parameters.
While the invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, various modifications may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the invention. In particular, the technical features mentioned in the embodiments can be combined in any way as long as there is no structural conflict. It is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiments disclosed, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. A nozzle for hydraulic jet fracturing is characterized by comprising a nozzle outer sleeve and an inner rotor, wherein the inner rotor is rotatably arranged in the nozzle outer sleeve, the nozzle outer sleeve and the inner rotor are respectively provided with a flow passage for a jet fluid to pass through, and the nozzle outer sleeve is provided with a horizontal jet hole for forward jet cutting, two radial jet holes for upward and downward jet cutting and two oblique jet holes for oblique backward jet of the upward and downward sides; the flow passage of the nozzle outer sleeve is communicated with the horizontal jet hole and the radial jet hole, and the flow passage of the inner rotor is communicated with one oblique jet hole when the inner rotor rotates.
2. The nozzle of claim 1, wherein the inner rotor has a radial through-slot, and the radial through-slot communicates the flow passage of the inner rotor with one of the inclined jet holes when the inner rotor rotates.
3. The nozzle for hydraulic jet fracturing as claimed in claim 2, wherein said radial through-slots are arc-shaped through-slots.
4. The nozzle according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the two radial injection holes and the two inclined injection holes are symmetrically arranged on upper and lower sides of the nozzle casing.
5. The hydraulic jet fracturing nozzle of claim 4, wherein the center lines of the two inclined jet holes intersect at the center axis of the nozzle casing, the center lines of the two radial jet holes coincide, and the center line of the horizontal jet hole coincides with the center axis of the nozzle casing.
6. The hydraulic jet fracturing nozzle of claim 5, wherein the nozzle housing comprises a cylindrical housing and a hemispherical housing connected to each other, the inner rotor being mounted within the cylindrical housing; the horizontal jet hole is arranged on the hemispherical outer sleeve, the radial jet hole is arranged at the connecting position of the cylindrical outer sleeve and the hemispherical outer sleeve, and the oblique jet hole is arranged on the cylindrical outer sleeve.
7. The nozzle for hydraulic jet fracturing as claimed in claim 6, wherein the liquid outlet velocity of the horizontal jet hole, the radial jet hole and the oblique jet hole is greater than 130 m/s.
8. The nozzle for hydraulic jet fracturing as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the flow passage of the nozzle housing comprises a jet pipe mounting section, an inner rotor mounting section, a cylindrical flow passage section and a hemispherical flow passage section which are connected in sequence; the diameter of the inner rotor mounting section is smaller than that of the injection pipe mounting section and is larger than that of the cylindrical overflowing section; the diameter of the hemispherical flow passing section is equal to that of the cylindrical flow passing section.
9. The nozzle as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein one end of the inner rotor is provided with a plurality of axial helical grooves communicating with the flow passage, and the plurality of axial helical grooves are uniformly arranged along the circumference of the end face of the inner rotor to drive the inner rotor to rotate when the jet fluid passes through.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811453777.8A CN111255425A (en) | 2018-11-30 | 2018-11-30 | Nozzle for hydraulic jet fracturing |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811453777.8A CN111255425A (en) | 2018-11-30 | 2018-11-30 | Nozzle for hydraulic jet fracturing |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN111255425A true CN111255425A (en) | 2020-06-09 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811453777.8A Pending CN111255425A (en) | 2018-11-30 | 2018-11-30 | Nozzle for hydraulic jet fracturing |
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| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN111255425A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113217099A (en) * | 2021-06-08 | 2021-08-06 | 国能神东煤炭集团有限责任公司 | Hydraulic directional roof cutting device |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113217099A (en) * | 2021-06-08 | 2021-08-06 | 国能神东煤炭集团有限责任公司 | Hydraulic directional roof cutting device |
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