CN1203914C - Process for adsorbing acidic gas (CO2) from fume by ammonia water - Google Patents

Process for adsorbing acidic gas (CO2) from fume by ammonia water Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1203914C
CN1203914C CNB001233696A CN00123369A CN1203914C CN 1203914 C CN1203914 C CN 1203914C CN B001233696 A CNB001233696 A CN B001233696A CN 00123369 A CN00123369 A CN 00123369A CN 1203914 C CN1203914 C CN 1203914C
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China
Prior art keywords
liquid
gas
fumes
tower
flue gas
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Expired - Fee Related
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CN1356156A (en
Inventor
李振中
李欣
向哲愚
李成之
张志明
周志强
张经武
陈冠雄
张昀
徐慧
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STATE POWER STATION COMB ENGIN
Institute of Applied Ecology of CAS
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STATE POWER STATION COMB ENGIN
Institute of Applied Ecology of CAS
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Priority to CNB001233696A priority Critical patent/CN1203914C/en
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
    • Y02C20/00—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
    • Y02C20/40—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of CO2

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for absorbing acidic gases (CO2, etc.) in fumes by ammonia water, which comprises the steps of (a) removing dust from fumes, and cooling the fumes; (b) pressurizing the fumes, and delivering the fumes to a gas holder; (c) filling the absorbent solution for acidic gases into a carbonization tower from the top, drawing the cooled fumes, pressurizing the cooled fumes, sending the cooled fumes into the carbonization tower from the bottom, thoroughly carrying out a reaction by a gas distributor, and controlling the temperature; (d) discharging liquid from the bottom of the carbonization tower under the condition of the solid-to-liquid ratio in the carbonization tower of 1 to (1 to 3), and simultaneously maintaining the fume discharge from the top of the carbonization tower; (e) carrying out still aging for the solid-liquid mixture, cooling for making slightly greater crystals, and separating the solid and the liquid; (f) obtaining compound nitrogenous fertilizer in the form of solid after separation, and obtaining centrifugal supernatant fluid in the form of liquid; (g) pressurizing the fumes in step (d) for making the fumes enter a cleaning tower from the bottom, and discharging the fumes into the atmospheric air after removing CO2 and NH3; adding clean water into the cleaning tower from the top, and discharging the water from the bottom of the cleaning tower; (h) mixing the liquid discharged from the cleaning tower with the liquid separated from a centrifuge for standby; (i) recovering the collected liquid to increase the concentration of ammonia, and replenishing other components to form absorbents for the acidic gases for standby. By the method of the present invention, the discharge of acidic gases such as CO2, etc. in the fumes can be reduced.

Description

Ammoniacal liquor absorbs CO in the flue gas 2The method of sour gas
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of environment-friendly and energy-efficient production technology, specifically ammoniacal liquor absorbs CO in the flue gas 2The method of sour gas.
Background technology
Greenhouse gases-CO 2Discharging and discharge-reducing method be subjected to increasing people and pay close attention to, be worldwide hot issue in the prior art.Because CO 2Be a kind of greenhouse gases of output maximum.Its greenhouse effects have the possibility that changes terrestrial climate in a short time largely, by existing C O 2Rate of discharge, the CO in the mid-21st Century global atmosphere 2Concentration may be doubled (promptly being present twice), and according to the estimation of the international control committee of climate change (IPCC), this will cause global warming, and temperature raises 1.5～4.5 ℃, causes global mean sea level rising 0.25～0.5m.Fossil-fuel-fired is CO 2The main source of (greenhouse gases) discharging.
China is CO 2The big country of discharging.The energy of the annual production and consumption of China now accounts for 10% of global Energy Consumption, this means to be equivalent to global CO with giving off 210% of discharge capacity.China is again one of the maximum country that is affected by climate change, because the agricultural of China accounts for the main status of national economy, agricultural is the field the most responsive to climate change.The expert expects: CO 2Doubling of discharge capacity will be to paddy rice, wheat, the negative influence of cotton production generation.This is because temperature raises soil evaporation aggravation, the more frequent and serious reason of storm.Cause the on average underproduction 10% of crops.In addition, the rising on sea level will make the numerous people that live in the Plain of bordering on the sea suffer the attack of storm and wave, the alien land of having to move that has.
According to estimates, the CO that discharges because of combustion of fossil fuel every year of the whole world 2Be about 6,000,000,000 tons (by carbon), wherein the CO of thermal power plant discharging 2Be about 1,800,000,000 tons.But the standard coal consumption 369 gram/kWh that press China thermal power output 10,047 hundred million kWh in 1999 and generate electricity then calculate, and national then thermoelectricity uses 3.707 hundred million tons of mark coals.If average C content is 0.7 in the coal, then national power plant emission in 1999 2.595 hundred million tons of CO 2, account for thermal power plant, whole world discharging CO 2More than 10%.
China is again world Fertilizer output and use amount first big country.About 2,300 ten thousand tons (pure) of annual production chemical fertilizer total amount, wherein nitrogenous fertilizer is about 1,800 ten thousand tons.The utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer of China on average only is about 30%, than low 10 percentage points of developed country.So the raising utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer, minimizing dose and minimizing chemical fertilizer are the main directions of China's nitrogen fertilizer production and use to the pollution of environment.
Below as can be seen, on the one hand, several hundred million tons of CO of the annual discharging of Power Plant in China 2, on the other hand, chemical fertilizer factory every year will be byproduct-carbonic hydroammonium that raw material is produced synthetic ammonia and nearly ten million ton with tens million of tons coal or coke.The latter's production technology is to absorb intermediate reaction gas CO with ammoniacal liquor 2
CO 2Reduce discharging, change the attention that row and storage are subjected to countries in the world.Various subtract or change row method and strategy just extensive studies and the exploitation among.Comparatively CO is arranged in Xian Jin reduction of discharging or commentaries on classics 2Measure (scheme) have:
(1) flue gas is purified, obtain pure CO 2,, carry the rock stratum of injecting then under the abyssal floor with pipeline by pressurization (10MPa).As the Sleiprer area, the North Sea of Norway, with CO 2The moisture salt deposit of several kms that injects under 350 meters deep sea floors stores;
(2) flue gas is purified, obtain pure CO 2, pressurized liquefied.Squeeze into the oil field that is about to exhaustion by long distance line (several hundred kilometers), increase oil production rate.It is intensified oil reduction Enhanced OilRecovery (EOR) technology.The Weyburn oil field that U.S. Dakota gasification company and Canadian Saskatchwen economize has utilized this technology.The U.S. has 74 EOR projects underway.The Liaohe Oil Field of China's Panjin adopts steam and flue gas (to contain 12% CO 2) unite the injection oil well, reach the increase reservoir permeability, reduce viscosity of crude, strengthen the driving force of oil reservoir, improved recovery ratio.
(3) flue gas is purified, obtain pure CO 2,, increase coal seam (methane) gas output by pipeline input underground gas field.It is Enhanced Coal Bed Methane (ECBM) technology.Middle experiment has been finished in colliery, Canadian Alberta province Fenn-Big basin, and that inject ore bed is CO 2Gas and CO 2And N 2Gaseous mixture;
(4) nearest expert in USDOE's fossil fuel office work proposes the proposed projects with the ammonia spray flue gas, obtains carbonic hydroammonium nitrogenous fertilizer--NH 4HCO 3Method.Think that this chemical fertilizer resolves into NH in moistening soil 4 +And HCO 3 -The former is a nitrogenous fertilizer, after plant absorbing, helps shoot and leaf growth, increases photosynthesis and absorbs CO 2The latter can with soil in contain alkaline earth oxide, hydroxide chemical combination (think this oxide account for soil 4%), generate CaCO 3Or MgCO 3, reach and for good and all store CO 2Purpose.
Above-mentioned four kinds of methods mentioning, its first three plant mode expense height, and weigh from macroscopic perspective, fundamentally do not reduce CO 2Discharging, just postpone the time that it enters atmosphere.The 4th kind of method is " ammonia spray flue gas " scheme, should belong to a kind of pure chemistry category.Its first step " ammonia spray flue gas generate carbonic hydroammonium " is feasible in theory, and this kind reduction of discharging mode can realize that also decarburization, desulfurization and denitration once finish.But back one step " HCO 3 -With the alkaline earth oxide that contains in the soil, hydroxide chemical combination " imagination when practical application, be difficult to implement.Because we are difficult to the soil that finds this kind alkalescence very high.And from the plant nutrient angle, CO 2Be " gas fertilizer ", by plant growth essential.CO in the soil 2Though can not directly be absorbed, can promote plant root growth by plant roots.Work as CO 2(CO in the soil when soil spreads to atmosphere 2Concentration is 10 times in the atmosphere normally), just dammed by blade.By photosynthesis of plants, be absorbed into organic matter, directly enter atmosphere thereby slow down it.With the existing shortcoming of reduction of discharging route of carbonic hydroammonium as fertilizer sources is fertilizer efficiency period short (3～15 days), this means in a short period of time to lose along with the volatilization of ammonia.CO 2Also will enter atmosphere fast, weakening changes row's efficient.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of ammoniacal liquor and absorb CO in the flue gas 2The method of sour gas, it not only reduces discharging CO 2Sour gas, efficient height, the coal that can economize in raw materials again can also obtain the high-quality chemical fertilizer to promote crop growth.
Technical scheme of the present invention is to follow these steps to operation:
1. the flue gas that produced of burning is after dedusting, cooling;
2. send into gas holder or gas tank after the pressurization of the flue gas after the cooling;
3. inject from acid gas absorbent storage tank acid gas absorbent solution at the carbonators top, and keep 1～15 meter of liquid level; Again with cooled flue gas by extracting out in gas holder or the gas tank, after air compressor machine is forced into 1～12 absolute atmosphere, send into by the carbonators bottom, adopt gas distributor, make gas be the rill shape, evenly by the absorbent liquid layer, fully reaction, wherein according to flue gas variable quantity control operation temperature at 15 ℃～65 ℃;
4. reach 1: 1～3 the time, emit solidliquid mixture to the stiff device from its bottom when solid-to-liquid ratio in the carbonators, when solid-to-liquid ratio was higher than described ratio in the tower, the discharging absorbent liquid simultaneously, remained from its top and puts flue gas;
5. solidliquid mixture is slowly stirred in the stiff device, carry out static ageing, and after cooling is grown up its crystalline particle slightly once more, send into centrifuge and carry out centrifugation;
6. the solid product after separating is a composite nitrogen fertilizer, packing, storage; Liquid after the separation injects and reclaims the liquid storage tank, and is standby;
7. 4 flue gases that the carbonators top is emitted pressurize set by step, enter the cleaning tower by the bottom, inject clear water by cleaning tower top simultaneously, and gas phase and liquid phase form counter-current flow and react in tower, remove CO 2, NH 3After, gas enters atmosphere by cleaning the top of tower drain, and liquid is discharged from cleaning tower bottom;
8. will clean tower discharge liquid is that weak aqua ammonia injects recovery liquid storage tank, with the liquid mixing for standby use of separating from centrifuge;
9. extract to reclaim and reclaim liquid in the liquid storage tank and enter high-order ammonia absorber, in order to improving the concentration of ammonia, and additional dicyandiamide and pentadecyl sulfonic acid chloride or neopelex constitute required acid gas absorbent;
10. it is standby acid gas absorbent to be sent into the acid gas absorbent storage tank.
In said method, the acid gas absorbent of usefulness is formed meter by weight, by 30% ammonia, and 8% ammonia stabilizing agent, 0.35% surfactant, surplus is that water is formed; Described ammonia stabilizing agent is dicyandiamide C 2H 4N 4Described surfactant is pentadecyl sulfonic acid chloride or neopelex.
The present invention has following advantage:
1. the flue gas that uses the present invention to absorb through ammoniacal liquor is nontoxic during discharge, pollution-free.After tested: the present invention is a kind of to reduce discharging CO 2, SO X, NO XDeng sour gas and greenhouse gases is target, has given prominence to the social enviroment protection benefit.
2. the present invention absorbs CO in the flue gas with ammoniacal liquor 2The method of sour gas can be produced high-quality nitrogenous fertilizer simultaneously.This nitrogenous fertilizer is a kind of nitrogenous fertilizer mixed crystallization that comprises ammonium sulfate (look sulfur content in the coal and different) and ammonium nitrate based on carbonic hydroammonium, wherein contained ammonia stabilizing agent can also adsorb free ammonia, reduces soil pH value 0.3～0.5, further slow down CO except prolonging fertilizer efficiency period, improve nitrogen utilization efficiency, increasing the crop yield 2Enter atmosphere process (with using common carbonic hydroammonium and comparing), improve CO thereby reach 2The purpose of fixed rate.
3. production cost is low.The present invention is CO in absorbing flue gas 2Sour gas can utilize the concentration of the ammoniacal liquor raising ammonia of liquid phase circulation recovery simultaneously, makes acid gas absorbent, has saved the energy greatly.
4. with regard to range of application, the present invention is specially adapted to low, the CO of pressure 2The power station environment that content is low, exhaust gas volumn is big.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 absorbs CO in the flue gas for ammoniacal liquor of the present invention 2The method flow diagram of sour gas.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and implementation column the present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment
It is as follows to implement operating procedure of the present invention:
1. the flue gas that produced of burning is after dedusting, and at first through the cooling device cooling, what and temperature height according to the power-plant flue gas amount adopt corrugated tube heat exchanger or cold type heat exchanger to lower the temperature;
2. the flue gas after the cooling pressurizes through air blast, sends into gas holder, and described gas holder one side is as the system buffer device; On the other hand, further reduce solid suspension content in the flue gas, also can select Sheng air-capacitor devices such as gas tank for use;
3. cooled flue gas is by extracting out in the gas holder, and (present embodiment is 5 absolute atmospheres) makes it to become malleation by negative pressure after air compressor machine is forced into 1～12 absolute atmosphere, is sent into by the carbonators bottom, and liquid level is according to tolerance what and CO in the carbonators 2The concentration height remains on (present embodiment is 5 meters) between 1～15 meter; Flue gas adopts centipede tubular gas distributor at the bottom of entering tower the time, makes gas be the rill shape evenly by the absorbent liquid layer, fully reaction; Before air inlet, from storage tank, extract acid gas absorbent solution, inject carbonators by tower top, and keep 5 meters of liquid levels, wherein according to flue gas variable quantity control operation temperature at 45 ℃;
4. the regular sample analysis at the bottom of carbonization Tata wall form observation and tower of operative employee when solid-to-liquid ratio reaches 1: 2 in the carbonization Tata, begins tapping to the stiff device;
5. solidliquid mixture is slowly stirred in the stiff device, carry out static ageing, and cooling is grown up its crystallization summary microparticle once more, after about 5～10 minutes, sends into horizontal centrifuge, carries out centrifugation (lower as solution temperature, as then can to exempt temperature-fall period);
6. the solid product after separating is a composite nitrogen fertilizer, through chemically examine qualified after, packing, store; Liquid after the separation is centrifuged supernatant, injects and reclaims the liquid storage tank, and is standby;
7. the flue gas of emitting from the carbonators top in the described step 4 through the air blast pressurization, enters the cleaning tower by the bottom once more, and gas phase and liquid phase form counter-current flow and react in tower, remove a spot of CO 2With a large amount of NH 3After, entering atmosphere at cleaning cat head drain, this moment, flue gas was nontoxic; Add clear water simultaneously and inject, at the bottom of tower, discharge again, clean tower and adopt bubble-cap formula tower plate structure, can reduce air compressor machine windage, energy consumption and clear water consumption under the rate of recovery prerequisite to greatest extent not influencing by cleaning tower top;
8. will clean tower discharge liquid is weak aqua ammonia, injects and reclaims the liquid storage tank, with the liquid mixing for standby use of separating from centrifuge;
9. extract recovery liquid and enter high-order ammonia absorber, make and reclaim ammonia concentration raising in the liquid, and additional 2% ammonia stabilizing agent dicyandiamide (DCD) and 0.5% surfactant pentadecyl sulfonic acid chloride, this process NH 3Dissolving, be exothermic process, need utilize cold type cooling;
10. after the every index that reaches acid gas absorbent, it is standby to send into the acid gas absorbent storage tank.
Described acid gas absorbent is formed meter by weight, by 30g ammonia, and 8g ammonia stabilizing agent dicyandiamide C 2H 4N 4And 0.35g surfactant pentadecyl sulfonic acid chloride is formed and 61.65g water.
As shown in Figure 1, wherein dotted arrow " ... → " trend is gas phase of the present invention, solid arrow " → " trend is liquid phase, broken string arrow "---→ " trend is solid phase, aborning, liquid phase ammonia and water are processes that constantly consumes, so will constantly replenish clear water and ammonia, produce high-quality nitrogenous fertilizer from carbonators bottom solidliquid mixture through centrifugation, the liquid phase weak aqua ammonia is also recyclable, standby, from the flue gas that the carbonators top emits, utilizes the very easily water-soluble characteristic of ammonia, add water, emptying after cleaning the recovery ammonia.The present invention utilizes the weak aqua ammonia of recovery to add centrifuged supernatant and replenishes ammonia with ammonia stabilizing agent and surfactant mediation again, improves mixed liquid concentration and makes acid gas absorbent again, forms benign cycle.

Claims (2)

1. an ammoniacal liquor absorbs CO in the flue gas 2The method of sour gas is characterized in that: operating procedure is as follows:
A. the flue gas ash removal that will burn and be produced is lowered the temperature;
B. send into gas holder or gas tank after the pressurization of the flue gas after the cooling;
C. inject acid gas absorbent solution at the carbonators top, and keep 1～15 meter of liquid level, again cooled flue gas is extracted out by gas holder or gas tank, after being forced into 1～12 absolute atmosphere, air compressor machine sends into by the carbonators bottom, adopt gas distributor, make gas be the rill shape, evenly by the absorbent liquid layer, fully reaction, wherein according to flue gas variable quantity control operation temperature at 15 ℃～65 ℃;
D. reach 1: 1～3 the time, emit solidliquid mixture to the stiff device from its bottom when solid-to-liquid ratio in the carbonators, when solid-to-liquid ratio was higher than described ratio in the tower, the discharging absorbent liquid simultaneously, remained from its top and puts flue gas;
E. solidliquid mixture is slowly stirred in the stiff device, carry out static ageing; After cooling is grown up its crystalline particle slightly once more, send into centrifuge and carry out centrifugation;
F. the solid product composite nitrogen fertilizer after separating is through chemically examining qualified back packing, storage; Liquid after the separation is centrifuged supernatant, injects and reclaims the liquid storage tank, and is standby;
G. d enters the cleaning tower with the flue gas pressurization that the carbonators top emits by the bottom set by step, injects clear water by cleaning tower top simultaneously, and gas phase and liquid phase form counter-current flow and react in tower, remove CO 2, NH 3After, gas enters atmosphere by cleaning the top of tower drain, and liquid is discharged from cleaning tower bottom;
H. will clean tower discharge liquid is weak aqua ammonia, injects and reclaims the liquid storage tank, with the liquid mixing for standby use of separating from centrifuge;
I. extract to reclaim and reclaim liquid in the liquid storage tank and enter high-order ammonia absorber, in order to improving the concentration of ammonia, and additional dicyandiamide and pentadecyl sulfonic acid chloride or neopelex constitute required acid gas absorbent, and it is standby to send into the acid gas absorbent storage tank.
2. absorb CO in the flue gas according to the described ammoniacal liquor of claim 1 2The method of sour gas is characterized in that: described acid gas absorbent, by weight percentage, and by 30% ammonia, 8% dicyandiamide, 0.35% pentadecyl sulfonic acid chloride or neopelex, surplus is that water is formed.
CNB001233696A 2000-12-06 2000-12-06 Process for adsorbing acidic gas (CO2) from fume by ammonia water Expired - Fee Related CN1203914C (en)

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CN1299802C (en) * 2004-12-24 2007-02-14 茂名学院 Technological process for removing acidic gas from ethylene cracked gas
CN100404105C (en) * 2005-10-27 2008-07-23 陈明功 Technique for removing CO2 from flue-gas
EP2014347A1 (en) * 2007-07-03 2009-01-14 ALSTOM Technology Ltd Removal of carbon dioxide from flue gas
CN101177267B (en) * 2007-10-31 2010-10-13 武汉凯迪电力环保有限公司 Method for preparing food-grade carbon-dioxide by using power station smoke gas and system thereof
CN101497452A (en) 2008-01-28 2009-08-05 刘键 Method for preparing ammonium acid carbonate using flue gas and equipment thereof
CN102151473B (en) * 2011-02-16 2013-07-24 安徽理工大学 Ammonia method-tower type system and process for collecting and absorbing carbon dioxide at normal pressure
CN104190210A (en) * 2014-08-26 2014-12-10 中国船舶重工集团公司第七一八研究所 Composite organic alcohol amine absorbing agent for carbon dioxide
CN104645794A (en) * 2015-01-13 2015-05-27 广州特种承压设备检测研究院 Method for optimizing SNCR (selective non-catalytic reduction) denitrification system of garbage incinerator by adding anionic surfactant
KR101796236B1 (en) * 2015-11-27 2017-11-09 주식회사 포스코 Method for remonal of carbon dioxide from flue gas and device for the same
CN105854523A (en) * 2016-05-20 2016-08-17 黄立维 Harmful gas treating method and device
CN109331610B (en) * 2018-12-14 2021-12-31 中石化石油工程技术服务有限公司 Capturing CO in exhaust gas2Phase change absorbents
CN113797714A (en) * 2021-10-14 2021-12-17 中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所 Composite absorbent for capturing, separating and purifying carbon dioxide
CN114849451A (en) * 2022-05-27 2022-08-05 江苏新世纪江南环保股份有限公司 Pressurized ammonia decarburization device and method
CN115090099A (en) * 2022-06-20 2022-09-23 江苏新世纪江南环保股份有限公司 Method for removing impurities in ammonia decarburization system

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