CN1202728C - Lychee storage and transportation fresh-retaining method - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for preserving lychees during storage and transporting. The method comprises: lychees of eight ripening degree are picked at the morning of a sunny day; fresh lychee fruits are transported at low temperature, selected, and put into an ozone water solution with the efficacy of sterilization and agricultural pesticide degradation for rinsing and sterilizing the fruits; after being further classified by people, the fruits are sent into an ultrasonic cleaning water tank for further cleaning, disinsection and sterilization by high-temperature heat treatment; then, the fruits are processed by cold treatment and are sent into an isolation room for gas processing; after gas processing, the procedure of spraying an antistaling agent is carried out; and finally, the fruits are packaged and sent into a cold storage for low-temperature storage. The method realizes semi-mechanized operation, ensures the rate of good fruits, and provides guarantee for prolonging a preservation period. Through a plurality of times of cleaning in multiple modes, soil, dust, bacteria and pests on the surfaces of fruits are cleaned and killed thoroughly, the preservation period is prolonged effectively to more than 40 to 50 days, and the rate of good fruits reaches more than 90%. The method provides a condition for extensive export of domestic lychees.

Description

A kind of lychee storage, transportation fresh-retaining method

Technical field

The storage of the present invention and a kind of fresh fruit, transportation fresh-retaining method are meant a kind of storage at firm harvesting lichee, transportation fresh-retaining method especially.

Background technology

Lichee is to be difficult to fresh-keeping subtropical fruit, and is fresh-keeping especially at normal temperatures more difficult, and 1～3 day color and luster is decayed, mouthfeel is not good though generally can deposit at normal temperatures.At present the method for lichee fresh-keeping mainly contains domestic conventional cold-treating process, promptly plucks the back with low temperature liquid phase bactericide (frozen water) soaking and washing and the method packing then, refrigerate with antistaling agent, but at most also can only deposit about one day after going out freezer and putting on the shelf; Another kind method is to adopt heat treatment earlier, promptly murders worm, bacterium with about 100 ℃ steamed, carries out cold treatment again, and the freshness date after the outbound as hereinbefore; Also having a kind of preservation method is to transport to processing factory after plucking to handle the SO that promptly utilizes burning sulphur to produce with special stove drying machine ₂Gas kill bacteria and insect are also cut off the sulfenyl of the part organized enzyme in the fresh fruit, reduce its respiratory intensity, but process easily pollutes and stove drying concentration is difficult for grasping, concentration is hanged down and is not had bactericidal action, the concentration height makes pericarp variable color, pulp spoiled again, and also must refrigerate as placing more than 5 days after the stove drying, the outbound shelf life also is difficult to surpass two days later.China's ZL99116038.X patent " lichee storage fresh-keeping method " discloses a kind of preservation method: pluck medium well lichee, screen out mashed, split, undermined ill insect pest fruit after, bactericide with chloride 0.1% cleans and sterilization, back with medicament is done fresh-keeping processing, carry out cold treatment after drying packing, cool to below 10 ℃ in 3～5 ℃ of storages, its packing adopts antifog preservative film, put on the shelf and do not unpack when selling, also there is conspicuous drawback in this patent.China's ZL00105153.9 patent application " a kind of comprehensive physical method for antistaling litchi " disclosed fresh-keeping program is that debranching harvestings, fresh fruit Refrigerated Transport, Pesticidal and sterilizing, incubator packing, quick-frozen are guaranteed the quality, chilled storage is fresh-keeping, the transportation of freezing chain, sell fresh-keeping, microwave thawing and reduce fresh-keeping, its concrete operations mode is for adopting 90～100 ℃ of 2～10 seconds of hot-water soak or carrying out Pesticidal and sterilizing in smoked 10～60 seconds with heat steam, promptly soak fruit, dry then with 1～10 ℃ of cold liquid preparing, put into subzero 20～28 ℃ of freezers storage again, need microwave thawing when putting on the shelf.This patent application combines aforementioned prior art, but there is bigger destruction in cryogenic freezing to the good fruit matter in the south of the Five Ridges of cold-hartliness extreme difference, is not a kind of desirable method.

Summary of the invention

The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of harvesting, the transportation of fresh fruit low temperature, Pesticidal and sterilizing, film, pack, put in storage refrigeration, sell streamlined complete set technology, reached more than 40～50 days, Kaifeng shelf-life of putting on the shelf reaches 3～5 days lychee storage, transportation fresh-retaining method the fresh fruit shelf-life based on the mechanization standard operation.

A kind of lychee storage, transportation fresh-retaining method have been designed according to above-mentioned purpose, this method is included in and plucks maturity fine early morning is 8 one-tenth lichee, fresh fruit through low temperature transportation, choosing fruit, cleaning and Pesticidal and sterilizing, packing refrigeration, go into outbound, the sale of putting on the shelf, wherein the temperature of low temperature transportation is 10～20 ℃; Advance after the factory earlier lichee to be screened simply, remove mashed, split, undermined ill insect pest fruit, put into again have sterilization, the ozone water solution of degrading pesticide effect does rinsing and sterilization to fruit; Lichee after the cleaning enters conveyer belt and does further go-no-go; Lichee after the go-no-go sends into that the ultrasonic wave cleaning sink further cleans, Pesticidal and sterilizing; Lichee entered with conveyer belt and carries out cold treatment between cold treatment after ultrasonic wave cleaned, and entered and carried out gas treatment between isolation; Enter the Preservation Treatment operation after finishing gas treatment, pack then and enter freezer and make cryopreservation.

Described in ozone water solution the ozone concentration during rinsing be 0.05～0.3mg/L, 3～5 minutes rinsing time; Further go-no-go after the rinsing is to carry out through between the sealing behind the ozonization; The cleaning of ultrasonic wave cleaning sink, cold treatment, gas treatment, Preservation Treatment and packing warehouse-in also all carry out between the independence of relative closure.Wherein, ultrasonic wave cleans and is accompanied by heat treatment, fills 40～80 ℃ hot water in the ultrasonic wave tank, and this hot water is 100～300PPM ClO ₂The aqueous solution, scavenging period 10～30 seconds, ultrasonic intensity are 0.5～1KW/cm ²Cold treatment after the heat treatment comprises air cooling and water cooling twice program, promptly the lichee after ultrasonic wave cleans cooled off in 7～10 ℃ air 1～5 minute earlier, in 0～7 ℃ water, soaked 10～40 minutes then, water outlet after the sponge roller suck dry moisture on the conveyer belt enter between gas treatment; Gas treatment is meant that lichee exposes 20～90 fens clock times of ozone gas environment at 2～4 ℃; Preservation Treatment comprises to the lichee on the conveyer belt sprays fresh-keeping medicine and the lichee surface of spray behind the medicine is carried out air-dry, packs with the polyethylene preservative film of 0.04～0.05 millimeter thickness thereafter.In addition, aforesaid whole process of production water and workshop are all through the ozonization sterilization processing.

Owing to realized semi-mechanized operation, the damage that litchi is subjected in whole Preservation Treatment process has dropped to minimum level, has guaranteed good fruit rate, guarantee is provided for prolonging storage period; Repeatedly, multimode cleaning, cleaned the surface of litchi to greatest extent, removed earth, dust, germ and insect comparatively up hill and dale attached to rough fruit surface, prolonged freshness date effectively.Through facts have proved, the litchi freshness date that adopts the inventive method to handle reached more than 40～50 days, good fruit rate reaches more than 90%, freshness date after putting on the shelf in Kaifeng reaches 3～5 days, be applicable to the suitability for industrialized production and the long sea voyage of various scales, and successfully realized sea, air transport delivery outlet in 2002 to countries such as America and Europes, realize extensive outlet for domestic lichee condition is provided.

Description of drawings

Accompanying drawing is a process flow chart of the present invention.

Specific embodiments

The present invention carries out comprehensive preservation with physical method to handle, and whole flow process is not used agricultural chemicals, only is aided with the use crude antistaling agent.At first, in order to satisfy the requirement of export quarantine to residues of pesticides, no disease and pest, pollution-free food place of production eco-environmental quality standard fixed point is pressed in the orchard, the orchard production management is carried out by the pollution-free food production operational procedure, do not have the fruit of disease and pest to guarantee producing high-quality, reduce fruit moth rate, reduce residues of pesticides, accomplish fluently the fresh-keeping basis of lychee storage.The lichee that is used for Long-term Storage and transportation, should be advisable with medium well during harvesting, at this moment fruit is zoon substantially, reach edible stage and pericarp color and luster and reach optimum state substantially, but do not enter the fruit senescence stage as yet, comparatively storage tolerance also can continue maturation in storage period, storage its local flavor of later stage even may be better than the storage initial stage.Though the fruit storage tolerance of medium well, color and luster and local flavor are all relatively poor; Ninety percent ripe overdone should not being used for preserved, and should sell immediately.

Lichee after the harvesting should be immediately is that 10～20 ℃ refrigerator car is transported to processing factory by compartment temperature, and adopting the purpose of refrigerator car is to make transportation become a requisite ring, i.e. precooling process in the whole preservation process.Go into after the factory earlier screening simply and remove fruit mashed, that split, undermined ill insect pest, put into again have sterilization, the degrading pesticide effect, concentration is that the ozone water solution of 0.05mg～0.3/L is made rinsing and preliminary sterilization processing to fruit; Lichee after the cleaning enter through ozonization, isolate further go-no-go comprehensively of conveyer belt intercropping.

Lichee after the go-no-go is sent into equally and is further cleaned between the ultrasonic wave cleaning sink of indoor sterilization is isolated, Pesticidal and sterilizing, and the characteristics of this operation are that the water in the tank is 40～80 ℃ ClO ₂The aqueous solution, real compound working procedure for heat treatment and ultrasonic wave cleaning.The ultrasonic wave cleaning sink adopts the inventor's Chinese ZL01256298.X patent disclosure that have, that authorized " a kind of fruit and vegetable cleaning, freshness preserving equipment ", this set structure is simple, practical, because the conveyer belt transfer rate is low, be cleaned fruits and vegetables be in static relatively in, therefore ultrasonic wave comes and goes resonance, forms standing wave, the cleaning function that the ultrasonic cavitation phenomenon is brought is able to effective performance, the cleaning efficiency height, fruit and vegetable surface cleanliness height, fruit and vegetable not damaged and through sterilizing has repeatedly repeatedly prolonged the preserving fruit and vegetable utilizing phase significantly.

Ultrasonic wave cleans the back lichee and enters the cold treatment of carrying out dark degree between the cold treatment that indoor ozone has been sterilized with conveyer belt, enters and carries out gas treatment between isolation; Enter the Preservation Treatment operation after finishing gas treatment, pack then and enter freezer and make cryopreservation, at last according to the sales situation outbound, transport, put on the shelf, bought by the consumer, finished whole preservation process.

Claims (4)

1, a kind of lychee storage, transportation fresh-retaining method, this method is included in and plucks maturity fine early morning is 8 one-tenth lichee, fresh fruit through low temperature transportation, choosing fruit, cleaning and Pesticidal and sterilizing, packing refrigeration, go into outbound, the sale of putting on the shelf, the temperature that it is characterized in that the low temperature transportation is 10～20 ℃; Advance after the factory first simple screening remove mashed, split, undermined ill insect pest fruit, put into again have sterilization, the ozone water solution of degrading pesticide effect does rinsing and sterilization to fruit;

Lichee after the cleaning enters conveyer belt and does further go-no-go; Lichee after the go-no-go sends into that ultrasonic wave cleaning sink companion heat treatment is further cleaned, Pesticidal and sterilizing; Lichee enters with conveyer belt and carries out cold treatment between cold treatment after the ultrasonic wave cleaning companion heat treatment, enters and carries out gas treatment between isolation; Enter spraying antistaling agent operation after finishing gas treatment, pack then and enter the freezer cryopreservation.

2, preservation method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that plucking described fine early morning maturity and be 8 one-tenth lichee should be immediately be that 10～20 ℃ refrigerator car is transported to processing factory by compartment temperature.

3, preservation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that the hot water that described ultrasonic wave cleaning sink fills 40～80 ℃, and this hot water is 100～300PPMClO ₂The aqueous solution, scavenging period 10～30 seconds, ultrasonic intensity are 0.5～1KW/cm ²

4, preservation method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that cold treatment comprises air cooling and water cooling, promptly the lichee after ultrasonic wave companion heat treatment is cleaned enters immediately in 7～10 ℃ the air and cooled off 1～5 minute, in 0～7 ℃ water, soaked 10～40 minutes then at once, water outlet after the sponge roller suck dry moisture on the conveyer belt enter between gas treatment.

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