CN1201174C - Polarization holding optical fiber and productino method of polarization holding optical fiber preshaped parts - Google Patents

Polarization holding optical fiber and productino method of polarization holding optical fiber preshaped parts Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1201174C
CN1201174C CNB021080739A CN02108073A CN1201174C CN 1201174 C CN1201174 C CN 1201174C CN B021080739 A CNB021080739 A CN B021080739A CN 02108073 A CN02108073 A CN 02108073A CN 1201174 C CN1201174 C CN 1201174C
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polarization
unit
clad
maintaining fiber
core
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Expired - Lifetime
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CNB021080739A
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CN1379256A (en
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稻叶忠之
江森滋
社本尚树
姬野邦治
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Fujikura Ltd
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Fujikura Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
    • G02B6/105—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type having optical polarisation effects
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
    • C03B37/01—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments
    • C03B37/012—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments
    • C03B37/01205—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments starting from tubes, rods, fibres or filaments
    • C03B37/01211—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments starting from tubes, rods, fibres or filaments by inserting one or more rods or tubes into a tube
    • C03B37/01217—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments starting from tubes, rods, fibres or filaments by inserting one or more rods or tubes into a tube for making preforms of polarisation-maintaining optical fibres
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
    • C03B37/01—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments
    • C03B37/012—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments
    • C03B37/01205—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments starting from tubes, rods, fibres or filaments
    • C03B37/01225—Means for changing or stabilising the shape, e.g. diameter, of tubes or rods in general, e.g. collapsing
    • C03B37/01228—Removal of preform material
    • C03B37/01231—Removal of preform material to form a longitudinal hole, e.g. by drilling
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B2203/00—Fibre product details, e.g. structure, shape
    • C03B2203/30—Polarisation maintaining [PM], i.e. birefringent products, e.g. with elliptical core, by use of stress rods, "PANDA" type fibres
    • C03B2203/31—Polarisation maintaining [PM], i.e. birefringent products, e.g. with elliptical core, by use of stress rods, "PANDA" type fibres by use of stress-imparting rods, e.g. by insertion

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optical Fibers, Optical Fiber Cores, And Optical Fiber Bundles (AREA)
  • Mechanical Coupling Of Light Guides (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention provides a polarization maintaining optical fiber of which polarization crosstalk characteristic is not deteriorated after fusing two or more polarization maintaining optical fibers, and provides a method for producing a preform thereof. The polarization maintaining optical fiber includes two stress applying portions disposed in a cladding around a core, in which an angle formed by a line connecting the center of one of the stress applying portions with the center of the core and a line connecting the center of the other stress applying portion with the center of the core is 3 degrees or less. The preform is produced by forming one insertion hole in a cladding element and then rotating the preform 180 degrees around a core element without moving the drilling tool, followed by forming the other insertion hole in the cladding element and then inserting stress applying elements into the insertion holes.

Description

The production method of polarization-maintaining fiber and polarization-maintaining fiber preformed member
Background of invention
1. FIELD OF THE INVENTION
Invention relates to and a kind ofly is used in the communication field that uses optical fiber or the polarization-maintaining fiber in the sensor field, and relates to a kind of production method that is used to produce the optical fiber preform spare of optical fiber.
2. the explanation of correlation technique
Have various types of polarization-maintaining fibers, in these polarization-maintaining fibers, it is well-known that the stress that comprises a stress applying portion in clad part applies the type polarization-maintaining fiber.The instantiation that stress applies the polarization-maintaining fiber of type comprises polarization-maintaining fiber, butterfly (bow-tie) type polarization-maintaining fiber, oval cover type polarization-maintaining fiber of PANDA type etc., and wherein transverse shape separately is different each other.In the middle of these types, the polarization-maintaining fiber of PANDA type is widely used, because it has low loss and good polarization retention performance.
Fig. 5 demonstrates the polarization-maintaining fiber according to a conventional P ANDA type of prior art.This polarization-maintaining fiber 4 comprises core body 1 with high index of refraction, have low-refraction and arrange that around core body 1 so that have circular cross sectional shape and have the stress applying portion 3 and 3 that refractive index is usually less than clad 2 refractive indexes with the concentric clad 2 of core body 1 and two, these two stress applying portions are disposed in 2 li of clads so that with respect to core body 1 symmetry.
Stress applying portion 3 is produced by a kind of material with big relatively thermal expansivity.Therefore, when producing polarization-maintaining fiber 4 by fusing and drawing optical fiber preform spare, during vitrifacation (glassification), core body 1 will stand from horizontal and vertical stress in various degree, produced anisotropic big distortion thus in core body 1, these distortion cause the birefringence in polarization-maintaining fiber 4.
In order to produce polarization-maintaining fiber 4, need prepare out optical fiber preform spare as shown in Figure 6 14, this optical fiber preform spare 14 comprises the clad unit 12 that is used to produce the core unit 11 of core body 1 and is used to produce clad 2.Then, in clad unit 12, form a pair of patchhole so that its with respect to core unit 11 be symmetry and make it penetrate optical fiber preform spare 14 at longitudinal direction, the stress applying unit that is used for producing stress applying portion 3 is inserted into this to the hole.Subsequently, optical fiber preform spare 14 is melted and is produced as shown in Figure 5 polarization-maintaining fiber 4 by drawing.
As shown in Figure 6, be used in the clad unit 12 patchholes of arranging the stress applying units and be traditionally forming by forming a patchhole 13a as drilling machine or abrasive machine by boring bar tool 16, subsequently, abreast boring bar tool 16 is being transferred to respect to core unit 11 symmetries and after wherein will forming the position of patchhole 13b, formed a patchhole 13b again.
As shown in Figure 7, when patchhole 13a was formed in the position of slightly vertically departing from boring bar tool 16 shift directions, patchhole 13a and 13b and core unit 11 were not disposed on the line.Thereby formed an angle A (after this, its be called as " angle difference) by a line that connects patchhole 13a center and core unit 11 centers and a line that is connected patchhole 13b center and core unit 11 centers.
When having this angle difference, when optical fiber preform spare 14 is melted and during by drawing, the polarization-maintaining fiber 4 that is produced also has angle difference.
Behind the end face of regulating two polarization-maintaining fibers 4 and 4 or after it being arranged on the line, when this two optical fiber is melted, need a controlled step, so that the polarization of the polarization-maintaining fiber that inhibition is fused is harassed the deterioration of characteristic with the rotation of polarization-maintaining fiber 4 circumference.In described controlled step, a quilt in two polarization-maintaining fibers rotates circumferentially, be adjusted to each position of the core body and the stress applying portion of another polarization-maintaining fiber up to each position of the core body of this polarization-maintaining fiber and stress applying portion, from the side of these polarization-maintaining fibers it observed simultaneously.After this, controlled step is called as " polarization axle coupling " step.At this moment, need stress applying portion and core body to be disposed on the line, make polarization harass characteristic so that finish the polarization axle coupling and do not occur worsening.But, because the polarization-maintaining fiber of being produced by classic method has angle difference, thus when fusion during at least two polarization-maintaining fibers polarization harass characteristic and will worsen.
Summary of the invention
An object of the present invention is to provide a kind of polarization-maintaining fiber, in this polarization-maintaining fiber, the deterioration of harassing characteristic at least two polarization-maintaining fiber rear polarizer of fusion is inhibited, and a kind of production method that is used to produce the polarization-maintaining fiber preformed member of polarization-maintaining fiber is provided.
The invention provides a kind of polarization-maintaining fiber, it comprises: core body, the clad of arranging around core body and in clad with respect to core body two stress applying portions of symmetry roughly, be 3 to spend or lower wherein by the line at center that connects a stress applying portion and core body center and the formed angle of line at center that is connected another stress applying portion and core body center.
In addition, the invention provides a kind of polarization-maintaining fiber preformed member, comprise: core unit, the clad unit of arranging around core unit and in the clad unit with respect to core unit two stress applying units of symmetry roughly, this polarization-maintaining fiber preformed member produces by following step: form the optical fiber preform spare that comprises core unit and clad unit; In the clad unit, form a patchhole and penetrate the clad unit so that it is parallel to core unit; The optical fiber preform spare Rotate 180 degree that will also comprise described patchhole then around core unit; Another patchhole of formation penetrates the clad unit so that it is parallel to core unit in clad subsequently, the stress applying unit is inserted into to insert in the hole then.
Above-mentioned polarization-maintaining fiber can be produced from above-mentioned polarization-maintaining fiber preformed member.
In addition, the invention provides a kind ofly comprise core unit, around core body part and the clad unit of arranging and in the clad unit with respect to the core unit production method of the polarization-maintaining fiber preformed member of two stress applying units of symmetry roughly, this method comprises: the step that forms the optical fiber preform spare that comprises core unit and clad unit; In the clad unit, form a patchhole so that it is parallel to the step that core unit penetrates the clad unit; The step that will also comprise the optical fiber preform spare Rotate 180 degree of described patchhole around core unit; On clad, form another patchhole so that it is parallel to the step that core unit penetrates the clad unit; And the stress applying unit is inserted into the step that inserts in the hole.
In addition, the invention provides a kind of method of producing polarization-maintaining fiber, this method comprises the step of fusing and the above-mentioned polarization-maintaining fiber preformed member of drawing.
Brief description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the sectional drawing according to the embodiment of a kind of polarization-maintaining fiber of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is presented to be used for producing the embodiment synoptic diagram that forms the step of patchhole according to the optical fiber preform spare of polarization-maintaining fiber of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is that the angle difference that shows each polarization-maintaining fiber of producing by classic method or by the optical fiber preform spare that the method according to this invention is produced by fusing and drawing is distributed figure.
Fig. 4 be show a polarization-maintaining fiber angle difference and and polarization with described polarization-maintaining fiber that another polarization-maintaining fiber of equal angular difference is fused harass the figure that concerns between the characteristic.
Fig. 5 is the sectional drawing of traditional polarization-maintaining fiber.
Fig. 6 is presented at the synoptic diagram that the optical fiber preform spare that is used for producing traditional polarization-maintaining fiber forms the conventional procedures of patchhole.
Fig. 7 is the synoptic diagram that shows the angle difference of the patchhole of being produced by the classic method of producing optical fiber preform spare.
Below, will be described in detail the present invention.
Fig. 1 shows polarization-maintaining fiber 24 according to an embodiment of the invention.This polarization-maintaining fiber 24 comprises core body 21, clad 22 and stress applying portion 23.Polarization-maintaining fiber 24 may be produced by the employed material of traditional polarization-maintaining fiber that is used to produce as shown in Figure 5.Particularly, core body 21 is by being doped with germanium dioxide (GeO 2) quartz glass produce, clad 22 is produced by the quartz glass that suitably is doped with fluorine (F), and stress applying portion 23 is by being doped with a large amount of relatively boron oxide (B 2O 3) quartz glass produce.
Clad 22 is placed around core body 21, and stress applying portion 23 is placed on 22 li of clads and makes with respect to core body 21 symmetry roughly.
In polarization-maintaining fiber 24, by line at the center that connects a stress applying portion 23 and core body 21 centers and the formed angle difference B of a line at center that is connected another stress applying portion 23 and core body 21 centers is 3 to spend or littler, is preferably 1.7 and spends.When angle difference B spends greater than 3, when two or more polarization-maintaining fibers are fused, can't accurately finish the polarization axle coupling.The result is that the deterioration that the polarization of the polarization-maintaining fiber of fusion is harassed characteristic increases to some extent.
The polarization of the polarization-maintaining fiber of fusion is harassed characteristic and is preferably-25dB or littler, and more preferably-30dB or littler.When angle difference B is 3 degree or more hour, the polarization of the polarization-maintaining fiber of fusion is harassed characteristic and is-25dB or littler, and this is that institute is preferred.
Therefore, because the angle difference B of polarization-maintaining fiber 24 is 3 degree or littler, and stress applying portion 23 and core body 21 boths are arranged on the line roughly, so the polarization axle coupling can accurately be done, and the deterioration of being harassed characteristic by polarization after fusing when two or more polarization-maintaining fibers can be lowered.
According to desired characteristic, the external diameter of stress applying portion 23, core body 21 are suitably determined with respect to the refractive index contrast of clad 22 with respect to the refringence and the stress applying portion 23 of clad 22.The mode field diameter of core body 21 is preferably 3 to 12 microns, and more preferably 5 to 10 microns, and also the outer dia of clad 22 is preferably 123 to 127 microns, more preferably about 125 microns.
Polarization-maintaining fiber 24 can be produced by fusing and drawing polarization-maintaining fiber preformed member 34, as shown in Figure 2, this polarization-maintaining fiber preformed member comprises the core unit 31 that is used to form core body 21, the clad unit 32 that is used to form clad 22 and the stress applying unit that is used to form stress applying portion 23.Clad unit 32 is placed around core unit 31, and the stress applying unit is placed in the clad unit 32 so that it is roughly symmetrical with respect to core unit 31.
Core unit 31 and clad unit 32 are formed by traditional method such as VAD method, MCVD method, PCVD method etc.Then, as shown in Figure 2, by the stress applying unit is inserted into patchhole 33a and 33b internal stress applying unit is formed in clad unit 32.
Fig. 2 illustrates the step that forms patchhole in clad unit 32, and the stress applying unit roughly is inserted into described inserting in the hole symmetrically with respect to core unit 31.In Fig. 2, after the optical fiber preform spare that comprises core unit 31 and clad unit 32 is held by modes such as anchor clamps, by boring bar tool 36 as drilling machine or abrasive machine in clad unit 32, having formed patchhole 33a on the longitudinal direction that is parallel to core unit 31, so that it penetrates clad unit 32.Not that boring bar tool is transferred on the position in another hole that will form abreast, but the optical fiber preform spare that will also comprise patchhole 33a Rotate 180 degree and by means of anchor clamps optical fiber preform spare being clamped and not mobile boring bar tool 36 simultaneously circumferentially.Then, in clad unit 32, form patchhole 33b by means of boring bar tool 36 so that be parallel on the longitudinal direction of core unit 31 and penetrate clad unit 32.At this moment, be 3 to spend or littler by a line that connects patchhole 33a center and core unit 31 centers and a formed angle difference of line that is connected patchhole 33b center and core unit 31 centers.Therefore, patchhole 33a and 33b roughly are formed symmetrically with respect to core unit 31.Then, the stress applying unit is inserted into patchhole 33a and 33b to produce polarization-maintaining fiber preformed member 34.
Method according to above-mentioned production polarization-maintaining fiber preformed member 34, because the position that patchhole 33b is formed by the optical fiber preform spare that will comprise core unit, clad unit and patchhole 33a around core unit Rotate 180 degree not mobile boring bar tool 36 and determining, form patchhole 33b so can not produce the difference between patchhole 33a and the 33b upright position, this can prevent the generation of angle difference.
Fig. 3 is the distribution that shows by angle difference with the angle difference of 200 polarization-maintaining fibers being produced by classic method of 200 polarization-maintaining fibers producing according to the inventive method.As shown in Figure 3, when polarization-maintaining fiber was produced by the method according to this invention, the maximal value of angle difference was that the mean value of 3 degree and angle difference is 1.5 degree.Contrast, when polarization-maintaining fiber was produced by classic method, maximal value was that 5 degree and mean value are 3 degree, and these two values are all than big by the maximal value and the mean value of polarization-maintaining fiber that the method according to this invention is produced.
Though above-mentioned polarization-maintaining fiber is the polarization-maintaining fiber of PANDA type, can be to have with respect to wherein the core body polarization-maintaining fiber etc. of the buttferfly-type of two stress applying portions placing of symmetry roughly according to polarization-maintaining fiber of the present invention.
Subsequently, harass physical relationship between the characteristic with describing angle difference and polarization in detail.
Polarization-maintaining fiber with various angle difference is produced.It all is all isometric section that each polarization-maintaining fiber is cut into each.After the polarization axle of these sections was mated, the end face of these sections was arranged to be fused each other.Then, by following method each polarization is harassed feature measurement five times.Particularly, a light source is placed on the end of polarization-maintaining fiber, and places a polarizer in the middle of it.A detector is placed on another end of polarization-maintaining fiber, and places an analyser in the middle of it.A polarization axle with the polarizer in two polarization axles of polarization-maintaining fiber is coincided.Polarization-maintaining fiber is cut into pieces and, enters into the luminous power P of the incident light of polarization-maintaining fiber from light source after these sections fusion hMeasured.Subsequently, analyser is rotated by 90 degrees, and then the measuring light power P vPolarization harass characteristic according to following formula by luminous power P vWith luminous power P hRatio calculate:
CT＝10Log(P v/P h)
Fig. 4 is the figure that shows the result that obtains.In Fig. 4, the longitudinal axis of figure is illustrated in the worst-case value of harassing characteristic at polarization in five measured values of the polarization-maintaining fiber of each fusion.The transverse axis of figure is represented the angle difference of the polarization-maintaining fiber of each fusion.As shown in Figure 4, along with the increase of angle difference, polarization is harassed characteristic and is being worsened.When angle difference is about 3 when spending, the polarization of the polarization-maintaining fiber that is fused is harassed characteristic and is-25dB.
As mentioned above, because the angle difference of polarization-maintaining fiber is 3 degree or littler, so can accurately finish the polarization axle coupling between two or more polarization-maintaining fibers, and two or more polarization-maintaining fiber fusion rear polarizer is harassed characteristic and can be suppressed to-25db or littler.
In addition, after having formed a hole on the clad unit, for the position that determines that another hole will form, by around core unit with preformed member Rotate 180 degree and not mobile boring bar tool, can form patchhole on a line with the angle difference that reduces, this has prevented the deterioration of harassing behind the two or more polarization-maintaining fibers of fusion.

Claims (3)

1. a polarization-maintaining fiber comprises: core body; The clad of arranging around core body; And in clad with respect to core body roughly the symmetry two stress applying portions,
Wherein a line by center that connects a stress applying portion and core body center is greater than 0 degree and smaller or equal to 3 degree with the formed angle of line at center that is connected another stress applying portion and core body center.
A clad unit that comprises core unit, arranges around core unit and in the clad unit with respect to the core unit production method of the polarization-maintaining fiber preformed member of two stress applying units of symmetry roughly, this method comprises:
Formation comprises the step of the optical fiber preform spare of core unit and clad unit;
In the clad unit, form a patchhole so that be parallel to the step that core unit penetrates the clad unit;
The step that will also comprise the optical fiber preform spare Rotate 180 degree of described patchhole around core unit;
On clad, form another patchhole so that be parallel to the step that core unit penetrates the clad unit; And
The stress applying unit is inserted into the step that inserts in the hole.
3. method of producing polarization-maintaining fiber, this method comprises:
Fusing and drawing are according to the step of the polarization-maintaining fiber preformed member of method production as claimed in claim 2.
CNB021080739A 2001-03-29 2002-03-27 Polarization holding optical fiber and productino method of polarization holding optical fiber preshaped parts Expired - Lifetime CN1201174C (en)

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JP95131/2001 2001-03-29
JP95131/01 2001-03-29
JP2001095131A JP2002296438A (en) 2001-03-29 2001-03-29 Polarization-maintaining optical fiber and method for manufacturing preform thereof

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CN1201174C true CN1201174C (en) 2005-05-11

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CN1379256A (en) 2002-11-13
US6738549B2 (en) 2004-05-18
EP1248122B1 (en) 2004-01-14
DE60200166T2 (en) 2004-10-28
JP2002296438A (en) 2002-10-09
EP1248122A1 (en) 2002-10-09
DE60200166D1 (en) 2004-02-19
US20020141717A1 (en) 2002-10-03

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