CN1197151A - Boring pile shaping method and its appts. - Google Patents

Abstract

A bore-forming method using rotary grab bucket for drilled pile includes taking core at first or overall rotary cutting plus breaking earth and stone while drilling. The bore is formed by grab bucket and the muck is discharged out by slurry circulation. Its apparatus is composed of drill bit, telescopic drilling rod, power machine, lifting machine, drill frame and drill frame moving mechanism. Said drill bit is rotary grab bucket or plus core-taking drill bit and optional overall drilling cutting frame. Its advantages are adapting different stratum conditions, high drilling efficiency and simple apparatus.

Description

A kind of drilled pile hole forming method and equipment

The present invention relates to the drilling project technical field, particularly adapt to a kind of drilled pile hole forming method and the equipment of most formation conditions.

Existing drilled pile hole forming method has many types, and problem is that a kind of hole forming method can only adapt to the minority formation condition, this owing to detritus drilling method and deslagging portal drilling process often mutually coadaptation cause.As mud circulation abrasion drill hole forming method, what adopt is revolution detritus drilling method and mud circulation deslagging drilling process, because mud can only carry tiny boring mud and portal, and the not easily separated clay particle of revolution detritus method is difficult to broken pebble and spends broken thin rock of a lot of times.Dash for another example and grab the brill hole forming method, what adopt is to impact the detritus drilling method and carry drilling bore hole deslagging drilling process, owing to grab lobe and close up the extracting boring mud to the hole heart from hole wall, drill bit can load ball clay, big particle diameter cobble, fragmented rock portals roughly, but the percussion drilling method is difficult to send in closely knit, the hard stratum grabbing lobe.

In the drilling project technical field, formation condition decision hole forming method type, and the pore-forming Method type determines the pattern of pore-forming equipment.So existing pore-forming equipment also exists problem same as described above and some other shortcomings.

The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of drilled pile hole forming method and equipment, to solve the problem that a kind of hole forming method can only adapt to the minority formation condition, eliminate detritus drilling method and the deslagging incompatible reason of drilling process of portalling, make drilled pile hole forming method provided by the invention can adapt to most formation conditions, the pore-forming equipment that provides is also fairly simple and easy to operate.

The object of the present invention is achieved like this:

Employing is revolved to grab and is drilled to the hole method, comprising: get earlier core or comprehensively the broken native churn drill of revolution cutting advance, then, the grab bucket deslagging that portals, or mud circulation deslagging, or grab bucket portals and the compound deslagging of mud circulation, repeats to creep into, tapping process are until pore-forming.

For implementing above-mentioned hole forming method, the pore-forming equipment that is provided has drill bit, telescopic drill rod, rotatory power engine, hoist, drilling cramp and support moving device.Wherein, drill bit is a rotary bit, comprising: the cartridge type coring bit, and the sword circle that is advanced by core drill links to each other with the sword ring support and forms, and sword circle lower end is equipped with rake teeth or gear hobbing, and sword ring support top links to each other with lead ring by attachment pegs; Grab bucket with open-and-close mechanism, it has at least 2 to grab lobe; Creep into the sword frame comprehensively, link to each other with connector with the sword circle.This kind pore-forming equipment belongs to Almightiness type, can be used for troublesome zone drilling, as contain basement rock, creep on special boulder stratum.

If with the drill bit in the said equipment, remove and to creep into the sword frame comprehensively, then go for cobble, fritter stone stratum is crept into.Remove the cartridge type coring bit again, only keep grab bucket, be applicable to that then clay, reducing stake hole drill advance.

For implementing mud circulation deslagging technology, should respectively grabbing in grab bucket be equipped with jet pipe on the lobe, this jet pipe is communicated with telescopic drill rod and constitutes the mud circulation passage through central tube, swivel joint, creeps into to adapt to fine sand layer.

For ease of mucking haulage, a loop wheel machine of mucking haulage of doing the plane rotation around boring tower can be installed on above-mentioned boring tower.For ease of moving the frame operation, can on the individual layer chassis, roller be installed, this roller wheel rim with roll pipe and match.

The main following points of advantage of the present invention:

One, a tractor serves several purposes can adapt to most formation conditions, comprises ovum gravel and erratic boulder layer, makes drilling process and pore-forming equipment become fairly simple.

Its two, can implement multiple cross section stake hole drill and advance, comprise the diaphragm wall wall chase and be used for the intermediate support post post hole of reversed Construction Method.

Its three, can in the hole, regulate and grab the lobe aperture, therefore can in stake hole, circular section, execute and bore reducing stake hole, comprise the expanded bore pile hole, thereby help promoting the big reducing stake of construction unit amount supporting capacity.

Its four, change pattern and the mounting means grab lobe, can in stake hole, circular section or between stake hole, two circular sections, execute and bore square-section and rectangular cross section stake hole.

Its five, the drilling efficiency height, easy construction, remarkably productive when especially in the stake hole, multiple distribution of strata being arranged.Because do not need boring mud is ground to form mud at viscous soil horizon; Can be at gravel layer without broken process; Can promptly can directly discharge boring mud without fragmentation or through the partial crushing operation at the erratic boulder layer by grab bucket.

Its six, can use no or little mud, reduce in the pile hole construction pollution to environment.

The invention will be further described below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.

Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is the structural representation that has the drill bit 1 of open-and-close mechanism 2 among Fig. 1.

Fig. 3, Fig. 4 are respectively the structural representations of drill bit 1 among Fig. 2.

Fig. 5 is the structural representation that flexible core pipe and drilling tool lifting rope 51 are housed in the telescopic drill rod 6 among Fig. 1.

Be drilled to the hole method and apparatus for adapting to the characteristics of multiple earth formation, the invention provides to revolve to grab.

One, method embodiment

Get earlier core or comprehensively the broken native churn drill of revolution cutting advance, then, by the grab bucket deslagging that portals, or by the mud circulation deslagging, or portal and the compound deslagging of mud circulation by grab bucket, repeat to creep into, tapping process, until pore-forming.

Wherein, advance and the revolving of portalling that deslagging forms of grabbing bucket grabbed and be drilled to the hole method and be by core drill: under engine drives, drill bit revolution, the drill bit cutlery cuts at the bottom of the broken annular hole along hole wall, grabs lobe and enters at the bottom of the hole in the stratum with cutlery, after creeping into certain depth, grab lobe and close up the extracting boring mud by hole wall to center, stake hole, each lobe is grabbed lobe and is closed up back formation one grab bucket that is open upwards and hold boring mud, and deslagging then portals, creep into again, deslagging, until pore-forming.

Two, apparatus embodiments

Form as shown in Figure 1, comprising: the rotary drilling device of forming by torsion pass parts such as drill bit 1, rotatory power engine 3, telescopic drill rod 6 and antitorque 5; The grab bucket of forming by the grab bucket in the drill bit 1, open-and-close mechanism 2, folding engine, telescopic drill rod 6 and drilling tool hoist engine 17, drilling tool hoist such as guiding hoist engine 18 etc. the deslagging drilling apparatus that portals; The drilling rod cavity that forms by telescopic drill rod 6 and flexible core pipe, the mud circulation passage of forming with communicating pipe, jet pipe etc.; By whirligig, be positioned on the loop wheel machine 11 of mucking haulage that boring mud after will portalling that track 12, suspension bucket 22 and translating device thereof etc. on day vehicle frame 10 form transports out of the aperture; The drilling cramp of forming by drilling rod carriage 4, boring tower 7, guiding race 8, leading truck 9, day vehicle frame 10 and individual layer chassis 20; By front and back ascending/decending supporting leg 14, roll pipe 15, be positioned on the roller 21 on the rolling wheel support 16 and move the roller that frame hoist engine 19 etc. forms and roll the tubular type support moving device; The switchbox 13 of power supply is provided.

Above-mentioned drill bit 1 is a rotary bit, and its structure is: as shown in Figure 2, comprise the cartridge type coring bit, have the grab bucket of open-and-close mechanism and creep into sword frame 24 comprehensively; Perhaps, as shown in Figure 3, comprise cartridge type coring bit 2, have the grab bucket of open-and-close mechanism; Perhaps, the grab bucket that has open-and-close mechanism as shown in Figure 4.

The structure of drill bit and with the annexation of open-and-close mechanism, balancing disk as shown in Figure 2: the cartridge type coring bit, link to each other with sword ring support 25 by core drill entrance lip circle 23 and to form, rake teeth or gear hobbing (not drawing) are equipped with in sword circle lower end, sword ring support top links to each other with lead ring 33 by attachment pegs 32, and lead ring 33 links to each other with central tube 40 by flange 34.Grab bucket has at least 2 to grab lobe 27, generally selects for use 4 to grab lobe, and each links to each other with open-and-close mechanism, equidistant circumference discharging; Each grabs lobe is arc surfaced, and being linked to each other by lobe body and lobe point forms, and lobe body top is cut with scissors 30 by lobe and linked to each other with lobe free bearing 31 on the lead ring 33; Each is grabbed and is equipped with jet pipe 28 on the lobe, is communicated with telescopic drill rod 6 through central tube 40, swivel joint 46, constitutes the mud circulation passage.Creep into sword frame 24 comprehensively, link to each other with sword circle 23 by connector 26.Open-and-close mechanism comprises hinged each other lever 29, regulates connecting rod 35, its other end, and the former and lobe body top are connected (connecting as weldering), and the latter is movably connected by the free bearing 36 of balancing disk bottom.Regulating connecting rod 35 is made up of screw rod and nut.Balancing disk, by upper and lower turntable and between balancing weight 37 form, they link to each other with bolt and form the balancing disk that periphery has groove, the activity embedding is connected with circular orbit 38 in the groove.The balancing disk cover is connected on the central tube 40, and the two is with key 41 location.The periphery of balancing weight 37 is connected with lifting tube 39 lower ends, and the lifting tube upper end links to each other with guide cylinder 45 with key 42, also links to each other with drilling rod carriage 4 with suspender.The reducer shell of guide cylinder and rotatory power engine 3 is fixedly linked, and it does not rotate track 38 by the parts that are attached thereto.Central tube 40 tops link to each other with the output shaft 43 of rotatory power engine by swivel joint 46.The side of output shaft 43 is provided with communicating pipe 44.

As shown in Figure 5, telescopic drill rod 6 is made up of the drilling rod more than 2 at least, and flexible core pipe is housed in its cavity, and the inside and outside sleeve pipe 47,49 of this identical joint number with drilling rod of pipe and length constitutes.At top, the lowermost end place of drilling rod, the contact position, termination of this two sleeve pipe and inside and outside cover drilling rod 48,50 is provided with hush panel 53.A drilling tool lifting rope 51 is in flexible core pipe.Side edge at the overcoat drilling rod 50 on telescopic drill rod 6 tops is provided with inlet pipe 52.

As shown in Figure 1, on the sky of boring tower 7 vehicle frame 10, round circular orbit 12 is housed, the loop wheel machine 11 of mucking haulage is located on this track.In support moving device, be provided with the support 16 that individual layer chassis 20 links to each other, roller 21 is housed on the support, the roller wheel rim is the circular arc that falls in to core wheel, its with roll pipe 15 circular arcs match contact continuous.Existing pore-forming equipment, the integral body revolution by drilling cramp transports out of the aperture with boring mud, adopts the loop wheel machine of mucking haulage can avoid adopting multiple field chassis and complicated slew gear.Roller rolls the tubular type support moving device, keep rail mounted support moving device straight line and moved the brisk advantage of frame, overcome it and can not turn to mobile shortcoming, also can avoid simultaneously adopting multiple field chassis and complicated tumbler, carry out the formula support moving device and compare with crawler type, fluid pressure type, equipment is greatly simple, and than the latter better result of use is arranged.

Narrate the course of work of pore-forming equipment of the present invention below.

One, drilling process

Open the power switch of switchbox 13, in the motor of electric power by cable input rotatory power engine 3, make motor and reducer drive output shaft 43 revolutions, drive drill bit 1 revolution through central tube 40 again, implement drilling process.

At the bottom of usually cutting broken hole by rake teeth on the sword circle 23 of cartridge type coring bit or gear hobbing along hole wall earlier.Because core drill advances to have the advantage that the detritus area is little, the unit power opening diameter is big.When bore meeting especially big erratic boulder and basement rock, by creeping into sword frame 24 comprehensively, at the bottom of the broken hole of gross area.When needs are executed when boring reducing stake hole, or when mostly being weak soil greatly in the hole, shedding the cartridge type coring bit and creep into sword frame 24 comprehensively, utilize lobe point (rake teeth) revolution of grabbing on the lobe 27 to cut at the bottom of hole wall or the hole.

In the drilling process, the moment of resistance on sword circle and the sword frame passes to lead ring 33 through sword ring support 25, passes to rotatory power engine through flange 34, central tube 40, swivel joint 46, output shaft 43 again; Then, by being sleeved on the telescopic drill rod 6 outermost layer drilling rods antitorque 5 passes to drilling cramp by the guiding race 8 on the boring tower 7, and be final, overcomes it by the frictional resistance on drilling cramp and ground.

Two, tapping process

1, the grab bucket deslagging that portals:

Reversing drilling tool hoist engine 17, drilling tool descends under action of gravity, to drill bit near the hole at the bottom of the time, guiding hoist engine 18 hangs the outermost layer drilling rod by leading truck 9, the outermost layer drilling rod successively hangs each layer drilling rod in it successively, hangs central tube at last.Continue reversing drilling tool hoist engine, drilling rod carriage 4 is moved down along central tube along drilling rod, balancing weight 37.Under action of gravity, balancing weight promotes to grab lobe and opens around lobe hinge 30 outside rotations by free bearing 36, adjusting connecting rod 35, lever 29.When grab lobe reach specify aperture after, drill bit begins revolution, and by guiding hoist engine controlled footage speed.In the drilling process, the steel cable of drilling tool hoist engine is in relaxed state all the time.For preventing that the lifting suspender from turning round with drill bit, be provided with the track 38 that does not rotate, it links to each other with rotatory power engine by lifting tube 39, guide cylinder 45, also link to each other with the drilling rod carriage by suspender, under the traction of drilling tool hoist engine, can be with balancing disk and associated fitting thereof, rise along guide cylinder with lifting tube.

When footage per bit behind certain depth, start the drilling tool hoist engine and rise the drilling rod carriage and drive balancing weights by track 38 and together rise, then regulate the connecting rod pull lever and make and grab lobe and rotate, close up and grab slag.When grab lobe close up form hold the grab bucket of boring mud after, the drilling rod carriage successively holds up each layer of withdrawal drilling rod successively, and drill bit is portalled, and the innermost layer drilling rod is linked to each other with the outermost layer drilling rod.After hoist engine to be led hangs the outermost layer drilling rod, reversing drilling tool hoist engine, gravitate, grabbing lobe opens, boring mud is discharged into place in the suspension bucket 22 on the aperture, starts the loop wheel machine 11 of mucking haulage, boring mud is transported out of transport in the slag converyer motor-car of packing into behind the aperture or stack on the ground.

Adopt the deslagging technology of portalling of grabbing bucket, can discharge ball clay and big particle diameter stone, thereby deslagging ability is strong, the detritus workload is little.

2, mud circulation deslagging

Pump aspirates mud from mud pit, pump into inlet pipe 52, the cavity of mud between drilling rod inwall and flexible core tube wall is (promptly, overcoat drilling rod 48,50, with inside and outside sleeve pipe 47,49 formed cavity---toroidal cavities), by the hollow that is delivered to swivel joint 46, central tube 40, flange 34 communicating pipe 44, enter jet pipe 28, at last by spraying from the jet pipe mouth of pipe that is positioned at the lobe point of grabbing lobe 27, after at the bottom of the mud flush hole, carry boring mud and return in the ground inflow mud pit by the annulus rising between drilling rod and the stake hole hole wall.

Use mud circulation deslagging drilling process at layer of sand, can overcome the shortcoming in the easy return port of boring mud when carrying the drilling bore hole deslagging.Use the compound deslagging drilling process of mud circulation that portals of grabbing bucket at gravel layer, mud can displace intergranular filler, lubricated stone grain surface, unconsolidated formation, reduce to turn round cutting resistance.When the revolution detritus crept into comprehensively, mud can dash certain altitude at the bottom of the hole with big boring mud, is convenient to grab bucket and grasps, and can reduce the repetition crushing of boring mud.

Since take the described encapsulating method of the patent No. 95222269.8 " a kind of sealed telescopic drill rod ", the slit between the sealing drilling rod, between the flexible core pipe, and mud can not flow out beyond the drilling rod and flow in the flexible core pipe.In addition, at the bottom of innermost layer drilling rod, the bar wall on outermost layer drilling rod top and the annular gap place between the flexible core tube wall, hush panel 53 is housed, like this, drilling tool lifting rope 51 and mud circulation channel separation are come, thereby make general telescopic drill rod also can adopt mud circulation deslagging drilling process with the rotating pore-forming equipment of drill bit.

Three, drilling cramp displacement

Move the steel cable of frame hoist engine 19, after being contained in the angle pulley on the individual layer chassis 20 and placing the pulley winding that rolls in the hook of managing 15 pipe ends, form and move the frame draw-gear.When moving frame, use forward and backward telescopic leg 14 to rise drilling cramps, stretch out to the drilling cramp moving direction and roll pipe 15, fall drilling cramp and make roller 21 and roll pipe and bear drilling cramp weight.Then, start and move the frame hoist engine, roller rolls and drilling cramp is moved rolling on the pipe.Rig need turn to when mobile, removes in the hook on two pipe ends, starts and moves the frame hoist engine, and roller rolls rolling on the pipe, rolls pipe and rolls on the ground, and the two is compound, and to become turning to of drilling cramp mobile.

In the foregoing description, provided the situation that rotatory power engine 3 is contained in the drilling rod bottom.When rotatory power engine is contained on the drilling cramp or during the drilling rod top, drilling rod will turn round with drill bit, so, pore-forming equipment provided by the invention can make the following changes: the rotation track 38 of balancing weight is not set on (1) open-and-close mechanism 2, sets up rotation track on (2) leading truck 9.(3) swivel joint 46 of defeated slurry usefulness is retrofitted in drilling rod inlet pipe 52 places.(4) antitorque 5 and rotatory power engine are contained in a place.In addition, utilize guiding hoist engine 18 to make to grab the folding engine of lobe in the present embodiment.Adopt when grabbing lobe folding engine specially, can with grab the lobe open-and-close mechanism and be contained in a place.

Claims (10)

1, a kind of drilled pile hole forming method is characterized in that adopting revolving to grab being drilled to the hole method, comprising: get earlier core or comprehensively the broken native churn drill of revolution cutting advance, then, portal deslagging or mud circulation deslagging of grab bucket, or grab bucket portals and the compound deslagging of mud circulation, repeats to creep into, tapping process, until pore-forming.

2, hole forming method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that advancing and the revolving of portalling that deslagging forms of grabbing bucket grabbed and be drilled to the hole method and be: under engine drives by core drill, drill bit revolution, the drill bit cutlery cuts at the bottom of the broken annular hole along hole wall, grabs lobe and enters at the bottom of the hole in the stratum with cutlery, after creeping into certain depth, grab lobe and close up the extracting boring mud by hole wall to center, stake hole, each lobe is grabbed lobe and is closed up back formation one grab bucket that is open upwards and hold boring mud, and deslagging then portals, creep into again, deslagging, until pore-forming.

3, a kind of equipment of implementing the described hole forming method of claim 1, be provided with drill bit (1), telescopic drill rod (6), rotatory power engine (3), hoist, drilling cramp and support moving device, it is characterized in that drill bit (1) is a rotary bit, comprise: the cartridge type coring bit, the sword circle (23) that is advanced by core drill links to each other with sword ring support (25) and forms, sword circle lower end is equipped with rake teeth or gear hobbing, sword ring support top links to each other with lead ring (33) by attachment pegs (32), grab bucket 2 with open-and-close mechanism (2) has at least 2 to grab lobe (27); Creep into sword frame (24) comprehensively, link to each other with connector (26) with sword circle (23).

4, a kind of equipment of implementing the described hole forming method of claim 2, be provided with drill bit (1), telescopic drill rod (6), rotatory power engine (3), hoist, drilling cramp and support moving device, it is characterized in that drill bit (1) is a rotary bit, comprise: the cartridge type coring bit, the sword circle (23) that is advanced by core drill links to each other with sword ring support (25) and forms, sword circle lower end is equipped with rake teeth or gear hobbing, and sword ring support top links to each other with lead ring (33) by attachment pegs (32); Grab bucket with open-and-close mechanism (2) has at least 2 to grab lobe (27).

5, a kind of equipment of implementing the described hole forming method of claim 1, be provided with drill bit (1), telescopic drill rod (6), rotatory power engine (3), hoist, drilling cramp and support moving device, it is characterized in that drill bit (1) is a rotary bit, the grab bucket that promptly has open-and-close mechanism (2), it has at least 2 to grab lobe (27).

6, according to claim 3 or 4 or 5 described equipment, it is characterized in that grab bucket has 4 to grab lobe, each links to each other with open-and-close mechanism (2), equidistant circumference discharging, each grabs lobe is arc surfaced, being connected by lobe body and lobe point forms, each lobe body top links to each other with the lobe free bearing (31) of lead ring (33) by lobe hinge (30), and each is grabbed and is equipped with jet pipe (28) on the lobe, is communicated with telescopic drill rod (6) and constitutes the mud circulation passage through central tube (40), swivel joint (46).

7, equipment according to claim 6 is characterized in that open-and-close mechanism (2) comprises hinged each other lever (29), regulates connecting rod (35), its other end, and the former links to each other with lobe body top, and the latter is movably connected by the free bearing (36) of balancing disk bottom.

8, according to claim 3 or 4 or 5 described equipment, it is characterized in that on the sky vehicle frame (10) of boring tower (7), round circular orbit (12) being housed, be equipped with the loop wheel machine of mucking haulage (10) on the track.

9, according to claim 3 or 4 or 5 described equipment, it is characterized in that in the support moving device, be provided with the support (16) that links to each other with chassis (20), roller (21) is housed on the support, the roller wheel rim is the circular arc that falls in to core wheel, its with roll pipe (15) circular arc and match.

10, according to claim 3 or 4 or 5 described equipment, it is characterized in that being equipped with in the cavity of telescopic drill rod (6) flexible core pipe, its inside and outside sleeve pipe (47) by identical joint number with drilling rod and length, (49) constitute, wherein, top, lowermost end place at drilling rod, this two pipe is provided with hush panel (53) with the contact position, termination of inside and outside cover drilling rod (48), (50), and a drilling tool lifting rope (51) is in flexible core pipe.

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